SE408053B - PROCEDURE FOR HARDENING GLASS - Google Patents

Description

_15 20 25 30 35 1409450-9 When manufacturing a tempered glass sheet for a windscreen, you first cut a flat glass sheet to a suitable shape and polish the cut edge of the cut sheet to remove irregularities that have occurred during cutting. The glass is then heated to the bending temperature during transport through a heating oven, while it hangs in tongs under a hanging conveyor, which then inserts the glass between vertical bending tools, which are applied to the glass plate and bend it to the intended curvature. The bending tools are then disassembled, and the glass is transported between a pair of cooling blast frames, where the glass is cured, or the glass is transported through a cooling tunnel, if a relaxed glass sheet is to be produced. During this whole process, the glass hangs in the pliers, which grip the upper edge of the glass plate.

When two glass sheets are to be given a carefully fitting curvature for the following lamination, the glass has been bent by a sink bending process, where the two sheets, lying one on top of the other, are placed horizontally on a sink bending mold and then transported through an oven in which the glass sheets heated and arched together to the intended suitable curvature.

In a later developed method for hardening glass, a glass sheet cut to the intended shape is hung in a heating oven with an exit opening in the bottom. After the glass plate has been warmed to the bending temperature, it is lowered to a position between bending tools, which are applied to the glass plate and bent to the intended curvature. The plate is then lowered through a pre-cooling stage, in which cooling air is blown into the glass surfaces, after which the glass is immediately cured by rapid cooling in a coolant, which may consist of a mineral oil, possibly with a small amount of low-boiling additive. Toluene and carbon tetrachloride are suitable additives. The method is particularly suitable for the production of high-strength glass for aircraft windscreens as well as curved and tempered glass sheets with a thickness of 1.5 - 3 mm for the manufacture of windscreens for motor vehicles.

It has been found advantageous, in order to obtain tempered glass of high optical quality and to reduce the risk of the glass to rupture during rapid cooling, to keep the part of the glass which first comes into contact with the coolant at a higher temperature than the opposite edge of the glass. . The main object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of utilizing this observation.

The method of hardening glass proposed according to the invention, in which a glass sheet is transported through a heating zone and into a coolant for rapid cooling, is characterized in that the leading edge of the sheet, which first comes into contact with the coolant, is heated to a higher temperature before the rapid cooling. than the trailing edge of the glass plate.

The speed of the glass sheet through the heating zone can be varied in such a way that the leading edge of the sheet stays longer in the heating zone than the trailing edge.

The invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Pig. 1 shows in side view and partly in section a plant comprising a loading station, a heating furnace, a bending apparatus and a liquid cooling apparatus.

Pig. Fig. 2 is a partially broken side view of the loading station and the entrance end of the furnace according to Fig. 1 and shows support rollers and support rollers in the loading station and the furnace.

Pig. Fig. 3 shows a cross-section along the line III - III in Fig. 2 and illustrates the placement of heaters in the oven.

Pig. 4 shows in side view a trolley, on which a glass plate is carried for transport through the oven.

Pig. Fig. 5 is a cross-section along the line V-V in Fig. H and shows the arrangement of the trolley and the glass plate relative to the support rollers and the support rollers in the oven.

Pig. 6 shows a system of electric heaters on one side wall of the oven.

Pig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a thyristor controlled device for controlling the power supply to a group of heaters according to FIG.

Pig. 8 shows a system of electric_heaters on the opposite side wall of the oven.

Pig. 9 is a more detailed view of a portion of FIG. 1 showing a tipping box which encloses the bending tools and is arranged to Lippau from outside the wine position, which corresponds to mo! the inclination of the standing support rollers of the oven, to a horizontal position above a heat treatment apparatus, through which curved glass sheets are lowered.

Pig. 10A and 10B together form a partially cut-away view of the tipping box along the line X - X in Fig. 9.

Pig. 11 shows a horizontal section through a convex bending tool.

I - Pig. 12A, 12B and 120 together form a side view of a pliers beam, from which pliers hang to grip the upper edge of a glass sheet between the bending tools, and of the lifting mechanism in which the pliers beam hangs.

Pig. 13A, 135 and 13C together form an end view of a part of the lifting mechanism and the pliers beam suspension.

Pig. 14 shows a vertical section through a pair of panels - with reheaters, which are placed under the tipping box and between which a curved glass sheet is lowered to be heated before curing.

Fig. 15 shows a schematic vertical section through the lower part of the shaft located under the tipping box and shows in more detail a pre-cooling stage and a tank with coolant. 7 Pig. 16 shows schematically a hydraulic control system for the tipping box, the bending tools and the suspension system of the tong beam.

-Fig. 17 schematically shows a pneumatic system for operating the tong opening mechanism and the brakes associated with the lifting mechanism as well as regulating the speed of the lifting gear.

'Pig. 18, 19 and 20 are coupling heads fl w fi for electrical devices for operating the hydraulic and pneumatic systems of Figs. 16 and 17.

Fig. 1 shows the general arrangement of a plant for carrying out the method according to the invention for heating, bending and hardening of glass sheets, which during the entire work process are transported through the plant in an upright position, i.e. in an almost vertical position during heating and in a vertical position after bending and during rapid cooling in a coolant.

The furnace chamber 1 has a cross-section of rectangular shape with a specially shaped bottom, as described below, and it is supported at an angle of about 50 to the vertical plane of a beam frame, which includes bottom beams 2, which are connected at their ends by connecting beams 3}. Extending from the ends of the bottom beams are post beams H, which form an angle of e.g. 50 with the vertical plane, as is most clearly shown in Figs. N and 5. The upper ends of the beams H of the beams H are connected by cross beams 5, which are inclined at an angle of about 50 below the horizontal plane.

The bottom of the oven is supported by crossbeams 5, which extend below the lower ends of the post beams U and are designed to support the specially shaped bottom of the oven. The sloping step of the oven bottom, which slopes downwards towards the lower edge of the side wall of the oven, allows shards, which may fall to the bottom, to collect at openings near the bottom edge of the side wall, which are closed by folding doors.

The furnace 1 is a refractory lined metal construction with side walls rising from the bottom and an associated roof construction, which hangs under the upper crossbeams 5.

A pair of longitudinal beams 7, which are attached along the upper side of the furnace, form support means for gearboxes, which house the upper ends of several separated, almost vertical support rollers 8, which form an inclined support for glass sheets 9 to be transported through the furnace 1 to bend and then cured in a coolant or relaxed.

The rollers 8 are asbestos sheathed or consist of heat-resistant stainless steel and are mounted at an angle of between 2 and 100, e.g. 50, towards the vertical position. They are part of the conveyor for the glass sheets 9, which extends straight through the oven 1 from a loading station 10 to a bending station 11. The rollers 8 are 6.5 cm in diameter and have a mutual distance of 19 cm in the oven.

The distance between the rollers can be up to 30 cm within the oven's starting range, where the glass reaches its final temperature. At the entrance end of the oven, where the glass has a low temperature, the rolling distance can be greater, e.g. 38 cm or more, if there are only enough rollers to support the glass sheet along its entire length in a stable condition.

The conveyor comprises a movable sled in the form of a carriage 12, on which the glass plate 9 is supported with its lowered, a series of short, lower support rollers 13, which project between the standing support rollers 8 in the vicinity of their foot ends both in the loading station 10 and in the furnace 1, and a drive device for driving the carriage 12 through the furnace with the glass sheet 9 inclined to the support rollers 8. In the support rollers 13, which also consist of heat-resistant stainless steel or are asbestos-sheathed, are in the embodiment shown mounted in an angle of 500 to the support rollers 8. 10 15 20 25 30 35 7409450-9 The carriage 12 is shown in more detail in fig. H nrh 5. Unn is V-shaped in cross section and has two flat lenses, which together form an acute angle, which is equal to the acute angle between the axes of the support rollers 8 and the support rollers 13. The flanges of the carriage abut under friction against the support rollers 8 and the support rollers 13, which are driven at the same speed, so that the glass plate carrying the carriage is driven through the furnace as a result of the frictional grip.with both the support rollers 13 and the support rollers 8. At first only the disc 9 rests upper edge against the support rollers 8, but as the disc is heated during transport through the oven, it tends to relax against the transient support for the disc formed by the rotating surfaces of the support rollers 8. The lower edge of the disc rests on specially shaped supports on the carriage 12 and is at a small distance from the surfaces of the support rollers, so that a certain slackening with deformation can only take place below a predetermined limit while the disc certainly remains in an upright position and the disc fails. can not leave their supports on the cart.

During operation, the heating conditions in the oven and the time it takes for the trolley with the glass plate to pass through the heating zone are set depending on the thickness and height of the glass plate, the angle of the support rollers towards the vertical position and the distance between the glass edge and the support rollers. temperature conditions, the temperature and time settings being such that the glass sheet can relax against the support rollers during heating only to an extent less than the maximum deformation of the glass sheet which can be allowed before the bending. The heating in the glass sheet during transport through the heating zone is described in Swedish patent application 7UU9HU7-9.

The distance of the lower edge from the support rollers is usually about 2 - 4 mm, and the maximum permissible deformation depends on what quality, especially in optical terms, is required of the end product. For glass panes, which are to be included in windscreens for vehicles where the requirements for optical quality are strict, it may be permissible to allow deformation of the glass panes only to a certain point of the initial slackening, before a bay begins to form.

However, a bay of up to 0.5 mm may be acceptable.

When the quality requirements are less critical, a bay of more than 0.5 may be permissible, e.g. up to H, U mm.

It has been found that the angle at which the glass sheet is first carried, when inclined to the support rollers 8, may be between 2 and 100 to the vertical plane, when heating sheets of suda-lime-silicate. - glass with thicknesses between 1,5 and 15 mm to a temperature in the range 580 - 680 ° C or up to 70,000. This temperature range includes the temperature at which soda-lime-silicate glass is usually heated before bending or curing .

The almost vertical standing rollers 8 are mounted at their lower ends in self-aligning bearing blocks, which are supported by parallel beams, which are placed under the oven bottom and supported on the specially shaped crossbeams 6.

The first ten standing rollers 8 are included in the loading station 10, and five lower support rollers 13 are arranged with a roller at every other space between the support rollers 8.

In the bending station there are horizontally arranged bending tools 15 and 16, which are shown in more detail in Figs. 9, 10A and 10B. The concave bending tool 15 is a frame-shaped tool which cooperates with a convex bending tool 16 with a continuous bending surface, as shown in Fig. 11. The bending tools shown are rigid, but articulated wing shapes with a pivoting mechanism of known type can be used for bending to more complicated windshield shapes. The bending tools are housed in a tipping box 17, which is a refractory lined metal structure, the interior of which forms a heated chamber, in which the bending tools I are enclosed and through which a conveyor extends, comprising standing rollers 8 and short lower support rollers 13, which are of the same type as the rollers in the furnace and form a continuation of the conveyor. The standing rollers 18 in the tipping tray 17, which are located within the area occupied by the bending tools, have short support surfaces, so that the frame-shaped concave bending tool can pass between and past these support rollers. .

Outside the exit of the tipping box 17 there are further standing support rollers 8 and lower support rollers 13, which form a continuation of the conveyor for receiving each carriage 12, after the glass sheet transported therefrom has been lifted off the carriage to bend between the bending tools.

All rollers in the loading station, in the oven and in the tipping box are driven by the same motor. The rollers outside the outlet of the tipping box are driven separately, and all drive systems are controlled in such a way that a glass plate 9 can be transported slowly from the loading station towards the entrance to the furnace 1, accelerated into the furnace and then trans- 10 15 20 25 30 35 7l§09450-9 lower creep rate while of the set heating time in the oven is ported through the oven with the glass heated. At the end, the glass is accelerated out of the oven to the short support rollers 18 between the bending tools, where the carriage is stopped with the hot glass plate in the intended working position between the bending tools.

The tipping box is heated by means of gas gutters shown in Figs. 9 and 10 to the temperature which the glass has after its passage through the oven, so that the bending tools have the same temperature as the glass, when they are closed about the glass plate to bend it.

The tipping box, i7, is mounted on a strongly tilting beam frame, which comprises bottom beams 20, which are mounted at the center on pins 21. A hydraulic motor, which is coupled to the center of one end beam of the tilting frame, can be caused to tilt the frame from a position at an angle of about 50 towards the horizontal plane, in which position the rollers 18 are at the same angle to the vertical position as the support rollers 8 in the oven, to a horizontal position of the frame, in which the support rollers 18 are vertical.

First, the box assumes its inclined position, and the convex bending tool is moved to the working position, when the carriage with a glass plate enters the tipping box, and as soon as a hot glass plate has been placed between the bending tools, the concave bending tool 15 moves between the support rollers 18 to press the glass plate. against the convex bending tool. The rocker frame is pivoted to its horizontal position, while the raising of the disc proceeds. During the movement of the convex tool, the glass plate is released from the carriage by fingers arranged on the tool, which go under the lower edge of the glass plate and lift the plate. After the rocker frame has been pivoted to the horizontal position, a tong beam 23 with a number of gripping pliers 22 is lowered by means of a lifting mechanism 25, which itself can be bent and lowered.

Devices are provided for inserting the pliers 22 into the upper edges of the bending tools 15 and 16, so that the pliers can grip the upper edge of the glass sheet, while the glass sheet is held between the bending tools.

After the glass plate has been lifted from the carriage 12, the carriage is accelerated out of the tipping box to the exit conveyor 8, before the tilting frame is pivoted to its horizontal position, whereby the bending tools are moved apart and the glass plate, which now hangs vertically under the pliers, is lowered through a slot in the front box. action. 10 15 20 25 30 35 UG 7409450-9 During its transport through the oven 1, the glass is heated to the bending temperature, e.g. 61000, in which the glass can be satisfactorily bent and gripped by the pliers 72 without becoming so soft that the surface quality of the glass can be damaged during bending.

When the curved glass sheet is to be hardened, especially for the production of a high-strength glass sheet, the glass should be rapidly cooled from a higher temperature, e.g. 68ÛOC. In the embodiment according to Fig. 1, the curved glass sheet is heated again, before it is rapidly cooled in a coolant in a cooling tank 26, which is placed in a shaft under the tipping box 17. Immediately below the outlet slot in the bottom of the tipping box, the glass sheet moves between two fields with electric heaters 27. which are mounted in the pattern shown on either side of the glass plate.

During the downward passage of the glass sheet between these heaters, when the glass has its bending temperature, e.g. 610 ° C, the glass plate is heated in its entire thickness to an outlet temperature for the rapid cooling, which is closer to the softening temperature of the glass, e.g. 68000. The curved glass can be lowered at a constant speed, so that it has a virtually uniform temperature throughout its mass. Alternatively, the glass sheet can be accelerated during the lowering between the heaters, so that an even temperature gradient occurs in the glass from a high temperature at the lower edge of the sheet to a lower temperature at the upper edge.

Such a temperature gradient can be developed in the glass sheet before bending by driving lower sections of heater in the oven at a higher temperature than upper sections or by placing the lower heater sections closer to the glass sheet, as described in connection with Figs. 3 and 10A. . For example, the lower part of the oven may be at 80,000, its middle areas at 750 ° C and its upper part at 70 ° C. The convex bending tool 16 (Fig. 11) is then heated by means of built-in heaters 511, which are mounted so as to obtain a temperature distribution corresponding to that obtained by the glass plate in the oven, as described in more detail in connection with Fig. 11.

Under the reheaters 27 there are two blast ladders 28, which are fed with cooling air of ambient temperature, e.g. approx. BOOC, which is blown evenly against the two side surfaces of the glass sheet through nozzles 29 in the drawers. This preliminary cooling of the glass surfaces after reheating immediately produces temperature gradients between the core of the glass plate and the side surfaces. The core of the glass is maintained at approximately 10 15 20 25 30 35 7409450 -9 10 at the temperature reached between the reheaters, and the preliminary cooling of the glass surfaces is such that the glass temperature is still above the lower core of the glass when the glass sheet is immediately quenched in r coolant, before the temperature gradients disappear. As the glass sheet is lowered from the bending tools, the coolant tank 26 is lifted onto a scissor link operated platform 30, which is mounted in the lower part of the shaft. The tank 26 is raised until its upper edge is immediately below the undersides of the blast drawers 28 with the surface of the coolant in the tank at a small distance from the lower nozzles of the blast drawers 29. The curved glass plate, in which the temperature gradient prevails between the core and both side surfaces, is rapidly cooled. immediately in the coolant, as it exits the cooling air through the free surface of the coolant.

The coolant usually consists of a mineral oil, e.g.

"Cylrex FM" (trademark), and may be provided with a small amount of a low-boiling additive, e.g. up to 1% by weight of toluene or carbon tetrachloride. When the glass is immersed in the liquid in the tank? 6, it comes to rest on a frame lowered in the tank, which is attached to the underside of one blasting box. The pliers are opened, so that the glass plate is placed on the frame, and after a sufficient cooling time in the liquid, the tank is lowered. The glass is removed from the frame and degreased, after which the tempered glass sheet is placed in a rack to allow it to cool to ambient temperature.

In another mode of operation, the tank 26 is not lifted, but the curved glass sheet is received by the frame and allowed to remain therein to cool in air to produce a relaxed needle sheet. A cooling chamber can be moved on a horizontal path to a position for receiving a hot curved glass sheet. Arrangements can be made to alternately relax and rapidly cool discs in succession, when they are lowered from the bending station, so that of each pair of successive discs one is relaxed and the other hardens. These boards have been heated and bent under identical conditions and have matching dimensions, so that they are particularly suitable for laminating together for the manufacture of a laminated windscreen.

Pig. 2 and 3 show in more detail the construction and function of the loading station and the oven. 10 15 20 75 30 35 7409450 -9 11 The conveyor's ten first standing rollers 8 are included in the loading station, as shown on the right in Fig. 2. These rollers consist of heat-resistant stainless steel and are mounted with a 20 cm upper horizontal beams 35 and lower horizontal form a continuation of the beam structure, The beams 35 and 36 in the loading station are end frames, which contain bottom beams 2, a pair which slope towards the vertical plane at the same angle, spaces between beams 36, which carry the furnace 1. connected to a post beams U, approx. 50, as the support rollers 8 and supported by struts, and an upper beam 5.

In the end wall 39 of the furnace closest to the loading station there is a slit-shaped entrance opening H0 in the middle of the support rollers 8, and the opening H0 has at the bottom an extension in the middle of the male rollers 13, so that the carriage 12 can enter the furnace 1. Flexible sealing strips of asbestos fabric (not shown) are provided on the vertical edge surfaces of the entrance opening H0.

The side walls H2 and H3 of the oven 1 carry groups of electric heaters UH and H5 (Fig. 3), which are shown in more detail in Figs. 6 and 8.

These heaters are located on opposite sides of the transport path for each glass sheet 9 through the oven and interconnected in groups which are individually adjustable, as described below.

In the loading station (Fig. 2), the trolley 12 is held stationary by a removable trolley stop H7, against which the trolley 12 abuts with its front end, so that the trolley is kept in sliding abutment against the rollers, while these are driven with a low initial speed. When the stop H7 is moved away, the trolley begins to move from the loading station into the oven. A cold flat glass disc 9 is placed on the carriage 12 and leans in the loading stall in front of its support rollers 8. Since the disc is cold, it is not deformable, so the support rollers 8 and the support rollers 13 in the loading station do not have to be aligned as precisely as the rollers in the oven. is hot and consequently more easily deformable. Therefore, the support rollers 8 mounted between the beams 35 and 36 in the loading station are not adjustable in angular direction, but are mounted in fixed bearing blocks at the intended angle of the conveyor, in the present embodiment 50 against the vertical position. The lower ends of the support rollers 8 in the loading station are formed with shaft journals H8, which extend downwards between the beams 36 and through openings in a plate 50, which is fastened to the undersides of the beams 36 by means of bolts. Below the plate 50, self-centering bearing blocks 51 are placed, one for each roller 8. The bearing blocks 51 have ears, which are fastened with bolts to the plate 50, and the shaft journals H8 extend. down into and through the bearing blocks 51.

At the top, the support rollers 8 in the loading station are formed with longer shaft pins 53, which extend upwards between the beams 35 and into their respective self-centering bearing block SH. The bearing blocks ää are screwed by means of ears onto a support plate 55, which is attached to the upper sides of the beams 35. Each axle pin 53 (except the roller pin 8 of the roller 8 closest to the entrance of the furnace) extends upwards through its bearing block SH and carries a sprocket block with two sprockets 56 and 57. The sprockets of adjacent rollers 8 are connected to each other by drive chains 59.

The longer shaft pin 53 on the roller 8 closest. the entrance end 39 of the furnace is longer than the shaft pins 53 on the other support rollers in the loading station and carries a single sprocket 56 and on its upper end a main sprocket 60, which is connected by a drive chain 61 to a sprocket 62 on the upper end of the first of the The support rollers 8 present in the oven, The support rollers 8 of the loading station are thus driven by the same drive device as the rollers Ä 8, which are included in the part of the conveyor located inside the oven.

Within the oven, it is important to ensure accurate alignment of the surfaces of the rollers 8 relative to each other, so that the surfaces of all the rollers, which are to form a transient support for the glass sheet, lie in the same plane, which is inclined in the preset the angle, e.g. 50, towards the vertical plane. To achieve this, the rollers 8 within the oven, as described in Swedish patent application 7U09U47-9, are arranged in groups of alternately four and four rollers with a distance of about 20 cm between the rollers and the lower layers for each group of adjacent rollers. adjustable in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the direction of the conveyor. The upper ends of the rollers in each group are mounted in a gearbox, which is also adjustable in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the transport direction of the glass sheets along the conveyor. By adjusting the bearing blocks and gearboxes in relation to each other, all support rollers 8 can be aligned. the oven at the intended angle to the vertical position.

The lower end of each support roller 8 in the oven is formed with a shaft pin 63, which is mounted in a self-centering bearing block 64, which is fixed in a plate 65. This is carried by salmon tail slides. 66, which are slidable in lanes 67, which are attached to the underside of parallel longitudinal beam nos. 68. These extend in the longitudinal direction of the furnace below the furnace bottom and are supported on the non-specially shaped crossbeams 6, which support the furnace bolts. This device is shown in Fig. 3.

Each dovetail slide 66 has at its one end a downwardly directed tongue 72 which is provided with a threaded hole for receiving a threaded end portion of a set bar 7N, the other end portion of which passes through a hole in a locking block which is bolted by mounted on a cross member 76, which extends between the lower ends of the post beams H outside one side of the oven.

The other end of the rod is threaded and provided with locking nuts on either side of the locking block. Each of the plates 65, which carry the bearing blocks GH for a group of support rollers, has two V-shaped guides, and by turning the two adjusting rods 78 the lower ends of the support rollers can be adjusted in the group in question.

The upper end portions of the support rollers 8 in the group have a smaller diameter, and the long shaft pins 78 thus formed (Fig. 3) are inserted into a gearbox 79, which by means of vibration dampers is mounted on salmon tail slides, which are mounted in guides 82, which are mounted on the upper side of the longitudinal beams 7. i In the same way as the slides for the lower bearings of the rollers, each dovetail slide 81 has at one end a tongue 83, which is provided with a drilled hole for receiving a threaded end portion of an adjusting rod 85. The second end portion of the rod 85 passes through a hole in a reading plate 86, which is mounted on a beam 87, which 'The outer rod portion runs in the longitudinal direction of the oven under the crossbeams Q. 85. The outer end portion is threaded and provided with lock nuts on either side of the locking plate 86.

Each gearbox 79 is located on two such slides, and by rotating the gearbox adjustable shutter 85 the salmon tail slides 81 can be displaced in the rear struts 82 so that the gearboxes 79 can be adjusted in men in need of adapting them to the setting of the bearing blocks 6H for the rollers. 8 lower ends and thereby ensure that the support rollers 8 driven by the gearbox in question assume the required angle towards the vertical position.

The gearbox 79 for each group of support rollers 8 is adjustable on all the rollers 8 at the same angle, e.g. vuosuso-gs lb in connection with the setting of the plate 65, as here the bearing blocks for the lower ends of the rollers. When setting up the oven, one can thus align all the support rollers R in the conveyor passing through the oven precisely, so that the glass ning the surfaces 50, towards the vertical plane. The short lower rollers 13 form a path for the movable carriage 12, which carries the glass plate 9 through the oven. These support rollers project through certain spaces between the standing support rollers 8 along the entire length of the conveyor and are oriented at an acute angle, in the present case 500, towards the support rollers 8.

The five support rollers 13, which carry the trolley 1? in the loading station, are shorter than those placed in the oven and placed with a roller at every other space-between the support rollers 8.

The carriage 12, which constitutes the movable support for a glass plate 9, is shown in more detail in Figs. H and 5. The carriage 12 consists of a piece of steel plate, which is bent in such a way that it has two flanges with a mutually acute angle equal to the acute angle between the standing rollers 8 and the support rollers 13. The carriage's extending flange 1H8 is wide and carries two support plates 1H9, the upper edge portions of which are widened to support projections 150, which on their upper sides 151 are provided with non-slip coatings of solid material. The rear edge of the upper side 151 of each support shoulder 150 is formed with a standing strip 152, the thickness of which determines the smallest possible distance between the lower edge 153 of the glass sheet 9 and the support surface of the rollers 8, when the carriage is in position to transport the sheet through the furnace 1 with the flange 1H8 resting against the support surfaces of the rollers 8 and the flange 15k resting on the short support rollers 13. Figs. Fig. 5 shows how the upper edge 155 of the glass plate abuts the rollers 8 when the glass plate has been mounted on the trolley in the loading station, and Fig. U shows how the support shoulders are adapted to the shape of the glass plate to be raised. The shape of the glass panel corresponds to the vehicle model to which the windscreen is to fit.

Due to the common drive of the rollers 8 and 13 from one and the same hydraulic motor 103, the carriage 12 is moved when a suitable gear with a similar frictional grip is moved between the flanges 1U8, 15H and the rollers 8, 13 always at a speed equal to the peripheral speed of the standing support rollers 8, 10 against which the glass sheet is supported and which form a transient support for the upper edge of the glass sheet.

The trolley is provided at its front end with a stop means 156 for abutment against the removable trolley stop H7 in the loading station (Fig. 2) and against a second trolley stop in the tipping box 17 after the glass plate has assumed the correct position between the bending tools 15 and 16. A trolley lug 157 is further mounted on the trolley near the front end of the trolley for adjusting a limit switch S1, which is mounted just outside the end of the furnace closest to the loading station. Another adjusting lug 158 is mounted on the carriage approximately at its center to switch an actuator in the oven for a limit switch S2, K which is part of a system for controlling the speed of the carriage's movement through the oven, after the entire glass sheet has been inserted into the oven.

Fig. 6 shows how the electric heaters HU (Fig. 3) are mounted on the side wall U2 of the furnace, which is located behind the standing rollers 8. Each heater is an electric resistance element 159, the resistance wire of which is wound around a ceramic rod. , which is carried by two connecting rods 160, which are passed through the furnace wall H2. Through these rods 160 the elements are supplied with electric current. The elements 159 are arranged in a herringbone pattern and are connected in groups in series. The groups are in Fig. 6 framed with dash-dotted lines. For example, the upper heating group 162, which the glass sheet first encounters when it is led into the oven in the direction of the arrow 161, contains ten elements 159, which are connected in series in the manner shown in Fig. 7. One end 163 of the heater series is connected to one main source of a power source 16H. The second main line 165 of the power source is connected to a thyristor connection 166 of conventional design. This regulates the current through the series-connected heaters 159 in dependence on ignition pulses, which are applied to the ignition electrodes of the thyristors on lines, represented by an ignition pulse line 167, which is connected to ignition pulse sensor 168, which is also supplied with current from lines 16k and 165.

A control thermocouple 169 is mounted in the furnace within the limits of the heater group 162. This thermometer is connected to a temperature control circuit 170 of conventional design and controls a simple two-position switch 171 for switching on one or the other of two potentiometers 17? and 173 in the Ländpulsgívarens 168 blocking oscillator.

The potentiometers 172 and 173 are set so that they give a higher and a lower power in the heating group 162 in a known manner, depending on the temperature sensed by the thermocouple 169 in the part of the furnace which is within the limits of the heating group 162. is switched between the higher and the lower value, whereby the sensed temperature can be kept at a desired value, which is set in a known manner by setting a setpoint of a potentiometer in the control connection 170. U Eight series-connected heaters are arranged in herringbone patterns in a second group 17N, located under group 162 at the entrance end of the oven. Thereafter, the elements are arranged in two ways about three groups each, each consisting of nine series heaters and each having an associated control thermocouple 169 and fed through each thyristor coupling under the control of the associated thermocouple 169 and temperature control coupling, as shown in Fig. 7.

Each heater group can be set separately by setting the setpoint in the associated temperature control connection. For example, for heating a 2 mm thick glass sheet to an almost uniform bending temperature of 590 ° C in the entire glass sheet, the setpoints for the temperature control connections can be such that the thermocouple 169 in the heating group 162 has a temperature of 7UÛ ° C and the thermocouple 169 in the heating group 17H a temperature of 750 ° C.

For the following heating groups, the temperature at the thermocouples 169 within the upper groups is 700 ° C, within the intermediate groups 72500 and within the lower groups 750 ° C.

Fig. 8 shows the electric heaters M5, which are mounted on the oven side wall H3, which is opposed to the glass sheet sloping towards the support rollers 8. This figure shows the movement of the gloss disc according to the arrow 161 from left to right. The heaters 159 consist of resistance wires wound on ceramic tubes of the same type as in Fig. 6 and are mounted on connecting rods 160, which are passed through the side wall 43. The heaters are divided into groups, which in the figure are limited by striped dotted lines and are similar to group lines. according to Fig. 8, however with the addition of a heater group 177, and each heater group is provided with a control thermocouple 179.

The heater group 177 consists of a row of six heaters, which extends along the lower part of the oven: higher side road H3 just above the oven cleaning openings for shards. Each heater plug is controlled by a thyristor connection of the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 provided with a simple reversing device. The temperature at the thermocouple 178 in the upper of the two heating groups closest to the inlet end of the oven is set at 700 ° C and in the lower group of 75000 when heating a 2 mm thick glass sheet to the bending temperature SQOOC, as described above. The temperature at the control thermocouple 178 in the lower row of heater 17 is 75 DEG C. and in the upper, middle and lower of the heating groups shown the thermocouples are set at 70 DEG C.

An alternative way of arranging the middle and lower heater groups is suggested at Hua, Hub and H5b in Fig. 3.

By placing the lower groups Hub and Mbb closer to the glass plate and the intermediate groups Uäa and H5a in an intermediate position at a slightly greater distance from the glass plate, each plate obtains a temperature gradient in the height direction of the plate with a higher temperature at the lower edge of the plate than at the upper edge.

The control of the speed of the glass plate carrying the carriage is described in patent application 7H09HU7-9.

Fig. 5 shows how the upper edge of the glass sheet laterally abuts the almost vertical support rollers 8, when the cold disc 9 has been placed on the carriage 12 in the loading station and during the initial part of the heating of the glass. When the glass is heated during its passage through the furnace and approaches the temperature in the san - eßooc range to which it is to be heated, the glass becomes so soft that it relaxes against the support rollers 8, and it could become too strongly deformed if kept at this temperature for too long.

Initially, the upper part of the glass sheet relaxes against the rollers 8, and the length of the effective support surface of the rollers 8 below the upper edge of the glass sheet must be so large that a permissible relaxation can be accommodated.

A timer in the system for controlling the drive of the rollers is set so that the glass has reached its intended temperature, which in one embodiment of the method is almost uniform over the entire area of the disc and through its thickness, at the time when the hot disc is accelerated out out of the oven and into the tipping box, before deformation of the disc by initial relaxation of the disc - s 1469450 -9 '_ 10 15 20 25 30 35 UU In which a curved glass disc can 18 _ ß upper portion against the support rollers 8, possibly followed by bulging of the disc lower part, exceeds the limits of acceptable deformation of the disc.

The temperatures in the oven can be set, for example, as shown in Table I.

At any given oven average temperature, the time it takes for a glass sheet to reach an intended final temperature depends on the thickness of the sheet, and examples of working methods for a series of different glass thicknesses from 2.2 to 15 mm and on heating times required to reach a final glass temperature in the range 580 - 700 ° C is stated in Swedish patent application 7U09HH7-9.

The tipping box 17, shown in Figs. 9, 10A and 10P, defines a chamber in which the bending tools are housed. It has an entrance end 248, an exit end 253, a roof 254 which is formed with a step 255 down to the upper edge of the entrance end 2U8 and a step 256 down to the upper edge of the exit end 253. These steps are both adjustable to their depth to enable adjustment of the lift for glass sheets of different heights, as described in the following in connection with Figs. 12 and 13.

The tipping box further has a rear wall 257 and a front wall 258 and a pair of bottom parts 259, 760, which extend rearwardly from the lower edge of the front wall 258 and forwardly, respectively, ”from the lower edge of the rear wall 257.

A vertical elongate entrance opening to the chamber is formed in the entrance end 2U8, and in the exit end 253 there is an exit opening 262, through which the carriage 12 leaves the tipping box, after the glass plate has been lifted from the carriage and is being bent between the bending tools. The exit opening 262 leads to the continuation 8 of the conveyor, which is shown on the left in Fig. 1.

The roof 25u of the box is suspended by means of struts 26U in a supporting structure, which comprises a cross beam 265, which extends between vertical pillars 266.

In the bottom parts 259, 267 and 268 and delimiting a 260 are supported on bottom support beams opening 269 in the furnace bottom, through lowered. The walls, roof and bottom parts of the tipping box consist of an outer shell of steel plate lined with fire-resistant material.

The chamber in the tipping tray 17 is heated to the temperature the glass has, when it is introduced into the chamber from the oven, so that the bending tools placed in the tipping box have the same temperature as the environment and thus also the same temperature as the glass has upon entering the tipping box. The temperature in the lip box is maintained by means of gas burners 270, which are connected by pipes to nozzle slots 271 in the front and rear walls 257, 258 of the tipping box. There are four such gas burners 270, which feed their respective nozzles 271, arranged in pairs in the front of the box. and rear wall. Each burner is controlled by a thermocouple, which is attached to the convex bending tool as close to its working surface as possible, so that an even temperature in the range 580 - 650OC is maintained in the tipping box. The burners 270 are connected by flexible lines to storage for supplying fuel gas and combustion air and to a device controlled by the thermocouple in the bending tool for changing the mixing ratio between air and gas, which is supplied to the burners.

The gas burners maintain an overpressure of hot gases in the tipping box, and hot gases flow through the outlet gap downwards under the box and meet rising gases. Pressure equilibrium usually prevails just below the reheaters 27.

The strong rocker frame 20 (Fig. 1), on which the tipping box is mounted, comprises side beams 272 and end beams 273, which are welded between the ends of the side beams 272. Each side beam 272 rests on and is welded to a bearing bracket 27H with shaft journals 275 mounted in the bearing bracket 276. These are mounted on a base plate 277 which forms the top of a ledge 278 which is cut into the side walls of the shaft. The tilting frame together with the entire tipping box construction and the associated tilting frame-supported equipment are balanced on the shaft pins 275, so that the frame 272, 273 can be easily channeled from the horizontal position to the relatively horizontal plane approximately 50 inclined position, as shown in Fig. 10.

Crossbeams 279 and 280 extend across the rocker frame above it between the side beams and are mounted on the side beams by means of end brackets 281. A crossbeam 282 is located directly on the side beams 272 of the rocker frame, and the bottom support beams 267 rest on the crossbeams 282.

At the left end of the rocker frame (according to Fig. 10), a plate 283 is attached to the end beam 273 while conveying spacer blocks 28U. The plate 283 is a short plate mounted on the end beam 273 at the center thereof, and strut beams 285 extend from the plate 283 to the cross beam 279. Above the plate 283 and the cross beam 279 are a pair of parallel support beams 286 mounted, which by means of support blocks 287 and 288 are mounted on the plate 283 and the cross beam 279.

The parallel support beams 280 carry a control unit 280 for the convex bending tool 16, which is mounted on a holder assembly f291.

Similarly, at the right end of the rocker frame, a central plate 292 is mounted by means of support blocks 293 on the upper side of the end beam 273. The plate 292 is fixed by means of stiffening beams 290, which extend between the plate 29? and the cross beam 280, and a pair of parallel support beams 706 for an operating unit 297 for the concave bending tool 15 support the crossbar 780 and the plate 292 while mediating support blocks 298 and 299.

The concave bending tool 15 is mounted on a holding assembly 300 carried by the control unit 297. The rocker frame 272, 273 can be pivoted by means of a single hydraulic piston motor, the cylinder 301 (Fig. 10A) of which is mounted between the brackets 303 by means of shaft journals 302. , which are fixedly arranged on a beam SOU, which extends across one end wall of the shaft.

The piston rod 305 of the piston engine extends upwards and has a head 306 with shaft journals 307 which pivot in bearings in the bearing brackets 309, which are fixedly arranged at the center of the underside of the end beam 273.

The horizontal position and angle of inclination of the tilting frame are adjustable by means of stop means. Near each end of the end beam 273, to which the piston rod 305 is attached, a downwardly projecting bracket 310 is provided. Each bracket 310 is welded to the beam and reinforced with fittings. In each bracket, a cross-sectional rectangular stop block 311, which is mounted on the transverse beam SOM attached to the end wall of the shaft, projects, and a second stop block 311 is mounted on the beam 300 some distance below the bracket. Adjustable stop screws are inserted in the bottom part of the bracket and extend upwards and downwards from it for co-operation with the stop block 311. Stop screws are adjusted on the one hand so that the frame is returned to the horizontal position, on the other hand so that the angle of inclination of the frame is such that the standing support rollers 8 in the tipping box 17 are brought into position in exactly the same axial plane as the support rollers in the oven to receive a hot glass sheet which is to be bent.

At each end of the second end beam 273 of the whip frame is arranged f! PCNÛ å uuAUTYr 10 15 20 25 30 35 7lß094S0-9 21 nad a hydraulic shock absorber 31H, the piston rod of which rests on the ledge 278 at the sides of the shaft. These shock absorbers stabilize the rocker frame as it nears the end of its rocker movement.

A support structure 315 for the gas burners 270 is also mounted on the rocker frame.

The rollers 8, 13 and 18 in the tipping box 17 are driven by the same drive device as the rollers in the furnace by PTO from the hydraulic motor 103. The support rollers 8 and 18 are driven at their upper end while conveying gearboxes 317 (Fig. 9, oeh_1H) by the same construction as the gearboxes 79 through which the ntödrulls 8 in the furnace are driven. The gearboxes 317 are mounted on top of a pair of longitudinal beams 318, which are fixedly mounted between the crossbeams 265, and the gearboxes are adjustably mounted on the beams 318 by means of V-slider in the same way as the gearboxes 79 in the oven.

To the gearboxes 317 the driving force is taken out through a shaft 319 which is connected by a possible coupling 370 to an intermediate shaft 321, which by another flexible coupling 32? is coupled to an output shaft 323 from a right-angled gear 32H mounted on one of the post beams 266. The driving force of the angular gear 32U through a flexible coupling 325 is obtained by a power transmission shaft 326 mounted in bearing 327 on the post beam 266. and the lower end of which is connected by a flexible coupling 328 to another rectangular gear 329, which is mounted on the longitudinal beam 280.

The lower end portion of each standing support roller 8, 18 in the tipping box is formed into a shaft pin 330, which is mounted in a self-entering bearing block 331. This is fixedly mounted on a plate 332, which by means of the brackets 333 is mounted on the ends of beams 33U. , which cantilever protrudes from the 280 lives of the beam.

The plate 332 is adjustable laterally in relation to the brackets 333.

The free end of each cantilever beam 33H is supported by a support beam (not shown), which extends upwards from a crossbeam omitted in the drawings for the sake of clarity, which spans the space between the two side beams 272 of the tilting frame. Support for the bottom support beams 268 below the bottom part 260 also from the crossbeam.

A box beam 336, which extends transversely relative to the beams 33H, is mounted on the upper side of the beams 33N. The drawer beam 336 forms mounting supports for the lower support rollers 13 and their drive means 10 15 20 75 30 35? Lf09'lr50-9 22 members.

Both the angle of inclination of the support rollers 13 in the support rollers 8 and 18 and the extension distance of the support rollers between the support rollers 8 and 18 are adjustable in the same way as described for the support rollers 13 in the oven. Driving force is transmitted to the support rollers 13 by means of a shaft 338 which extends parallel to the box beam 336 and is stored in bearings mounted on the brackets fixedly mounted on the beam 336. The driving force from the shaft 338 to the support rollers 13 is transmitted through rectangular gears 339 Each angular gear 339 drives the corresponding support roller 13 over an intermediate shaft 3H9, which by another flexible coupling 3U1 drives a right-angled gear 3H2, which drives a shaft 3U3, on which the drive sleeve of the roller 13 is mounted . The shaft 3U3 passes through a cylindrical bearing device SNH, the housing of which is formed with collars 3H5, which are fastened to a adjustable holder by means of bolts.

The shaft 338 is driven over the lower gearbox 119, which drives the support rollers 13 at the exit end of the oven closest to the tipping box 17.

By means of a conventional articulated coupling (not shown), a drive shaft emanating from the lower gearbox 119 is coupled to the end of the shaft 338 closest to the output end of the furnace. The other end of the shaft 338 is connected by a right-angled gear and a flexible coupling to the input shaft of the gear 329, so that the driving force of the rollers 13 is transmitted through the gearboxes 317.

The control unit 297 for the concave bending tool comprises two parallel box beams 400¿ which are connected to each other near their ends by means of cross pieces, which are fixedly mounted on the undersides of the beams. The two parallel beams 296 are joined by means of four crossbeams (not shown), the ends of which are welded to the beams 296. The upper side of each supporting beam is connected by two undulating ends H05, which extend a distance along the upper side of both joints 296. both ends of the beams. On these base plates H05, ball-bearing pads run freely, which are fastened to the side of one box beam H00 by means of brackets 407. The ball-bearing pads carry the box beams U00_ and the bending tool drive mechanism 300 on the main beams 296.

On a plate H22, which is attached next to one of the support beams 296, four limit switches S9, S10, S11 and S12 are mounted. These are zigzagged perpendicular to the plate H22 to be adjusted by adjusting lugs N23, which are fixedly mounted on the underside of a plate U2U, which projects from the side of one box beam H00. 7 These limit switches and their adjusting lugs are positioned to give the following indications: S9 ~ the concave bending tool partially extended S10- the concave bending tool inserted S11- the concave bending tool partially inserted S12- the concave bending tool extended The convex bending tool 16 is mounted on holder 291, which in turn is mounted on the control unit? 89, both of substantially the same construction as the holder and the control unit for the concave bending tool.

The convex bending tool is most clearly shown in Fig. 11.

It comprises a continuous molded H90 of steel sheet, which is provided with perforations H91 and mvd vn coating of refractory material for application to one nidovtan on the hot glass sheet, which is bent against the mold surface of the concave bending tool frame.

A shaped frame H92 forms a holder for the mold plate H90 and is attached to a rear support frame H93 by means of adjustable tension rods * U9H.

An inner wall H95 is mounted on struts inside the rear frame H9ß, and the upper edge of the wall H95 is connected to the shaped frame ü92 by means of a flexible sealing member HQV. At the rear frame H93, a bottom plate H98 is gas-tightly fastened, which is provided with a recess for laying pressure air lines H99. These open into a chamber, which is formed by the mold plate H90, the inner wall H95 and the bottom plate N98, and come from a distributor 500, which through a valve 501 communicates with a compressed air line 502 and through a valve G03 with a vacuum line SOU. The flexible sealing member H98 makes it possible to adjust the distance between the front plate H80 of the bending tool and the rear frame 493.

When the valve 503 is opened, the chamber of the bending tool is connected to the vacuum line, and the suction force acting thereby through the perforations H91 helps to bend the glass sheet against the mold surface of the tool.

After the bending is completed, the valve 503 is closed, after which the valve 501 is opened, so that an air shock is sent through the per- "PÜORD 1 (IDÅLITY i 10 15 20 25 30 35 'Mnaaso-s in the 2% liners H91 and helps to release the adjacent glass sheet from the surface of the tool, when the two forming tools are moved apart.

A support frame 510 is attached to the base plate H98 in the chamber of the tool near its bottom, and this support frame carries electric heating elements 511 (also shown in Fig. 10A), which are used for heating the lower part of the tool, when it is desired to provide a temperature gradient. from the upper edge of the mold surface H90 to its lower edge for adaptation to a temperature gradient which has been imparted to the glass sheet as it passed through the furnace using the alternative arrangement of the heaters Uka, Hub, Nåa, U5b according to Fig. 3. Electrical wires to the elements 511 are passed through the back of the forming tool in a known manner.

The bottom plate H98 of the tool is suspended in the holder by means of an adjustable locking and clamping device, and the tool can be pivoted about an axis substantially perpendicular to the bottom plate since the tool holder 791 is adjustably connected to the operating unit 289.

Two limit switches S13 and S1H are mounted on a plate 506 (Fig. 10A), which are attached to the side of the means of the support beams 285, as here the operating unit of the tool. 1ränunLrömsLällarna are adjusted by adjusting lugs, which are arranged on the underside of a plate 507, which protrudes from the side of one of the two box beams H00 of the control unit. These limit switches and adjusting lugs are positioned to give the following indications: In S13 - the convex bending tool partially extended SIU - the convex bending tool is inserted.

The pliers beam 23, in which six pliers 2? hangs, and the lifting, the work, in which the pliers beam hangs, is shown in more detail in Figs. 12 and 13.

Each pliers 22 is movable to a position exactly in the middle over the upper edge of the curved glass sheet between the bending tools, before the pliers are closed around the upper edge of the plate, and each pliers is loosely mounted in a Swedish patent application 7409NH7-9 further described pliers holder device mounted above a vertical pivot pin, which is attached to the pliers beam or to a support arm projecting therefrom.

The tong beam 23 is a straight beam and hangs in two lifts mounted on its overhead beam structure 570, which is supported on pillars 571 and branches the tipping bed, as shown in Fig. 12. A lift is provided for each end of the long beam 73, and each hoist comprises a fixed head frame 572, which is an open, rectangular or cubic truss, comprising vertical posts and crossbeams and a crosspiece 573, which is provided on the upper side with brackets 574, in which the head end of a hydraulic cylinder 575a, 575b is mounted by means of pivot pins 576. The associated piston rod 577 extends downwards through the main end of the cylinder and is at 578 hingedly connected to powerful lifting ears S79, which are fixed to a crosspiece 580, which is included in a movable frame 581, which is also of rectangular or cubic shape and is movable vertically within the fixed main frame 572 by means of the cylinder 575. The movable frame is fixedly connected to vertical shafts 581a, which slides in bearings in tongues 572a arranged on the main frame 572.

The piston rod 577 extends over the upper end of the cylinder 575, as shown at 587, and carries on its upper end an adjusting member 583 which cooperates with two limit switches S16 and S17, which are adjusted when the piston in the cylinder 575 reaches the end of its ascending or. downward movement, thereby moving the frame 581 upward and downward within the fixed frame 572.

The movable frame 58I has a horizontal base part 586, which forms the basis for a pair of bearing brackets 587, in which a shaft 588 is mounted, on which two rope drums 589 and 580 are mounted by means of a slip coupling.

A brake disc 591 is mounted on the shaft 588 and a pair of opposing brake arms 592 are mounted on a support fixedly mounted on the hub 586. The brake arms 592 cooperate with the brake disc 591 for braking the line drums, as described in more detail below.

On the underside of the movable frame 58] a lower frame 593 is attached; This includes four suspension beams 59H extending downwardly from a portion 595 of the movable frame 581. The lower end of each suspension beam 59U is attached to a bottom plate 596. The four suspension beams 594 thus extend between corresponding pairs of frame members. the four corners of the part 595 and the bottom plate S96.

Two shafts 597, the lower parts 598 of which are threaded, extend between and are attached to the frame part 595 and the bottom plate 596.

The shafts 597 carry an intermediate frame having two vertical side portions 599 which are connected to each other at the top by means of a bridge 600 and at the bottom by means of a crosspiece 601. The intermediate frame is mounted on the shafts 597 by means of sleeve portions 502 arranged on the ends of the bridge 800 and provided with bearing bushings. The sleeves 602 carry the intermediate frame on the shafts 597 in such a way that it is displaceable along these shafts. Other sleeves 603 are fixedly mounted on the lower ends of the side members 599 of the side parts 599 and are locked to the threaded V parts 598 of the shafts 597 by means of locking nuts ß fi u.

By means of the locking nuts 604, the position of the intermediate frame in the vertical direction relative to the lower frame 593, which thus hangs below the movable frame 581, can be adjusted.

The intermediate frame carries two line guide tubes 606, which serve to guide their respective lifting line 607, 608, which is wound on each of the line drums 589 and 590. The lines 607 and 608 run over break-V discs 609, which are mounted on shafts 610, carried by a retaining rail Bli, which by means of struts 612 hangs below the movable frame 581. The two break plates 609 are placed in mutually laterally offset position as shown in Fig. 138. The two tubes 606 are placed laterally offset in a corresponding manner, so that the lower ends of the tubes come into abutment against the upper side of the tong beam 23 in the vicinity of its rear and front edge in diagonally opposite positions. The ropes 607 are attached to the leading edge of the pliers beam 23, and the ropes 608 are attached to the trailing edge thereof.

In Fig. At the intermediate frame crosspiece 601; The upper end portions 138 of the conductor tubes 606 are shown how the upper ends of the conductor tubes B06 are fastened through openings in the crosspiece 601 and are attached thereto by means of locking nuts. The conductor tubes 606 also pass through bearing bushings (not shown) which are fixed in the bottom plate 596 of the movable frame and enable the position of the conductor tube to be adjusted in height in the movable frame 593 when the position of the sleeves 603 on the rods 597 is adjusted. In this way, the height of the intermediate frame and thus the conductor tubes 606 can be adjusted in order to adapt the top position and lowered position of the tong beam 23 to glass sheets of different heights.

The height position of the rods 5h, 256 arranged in the roof of the tipping box can also be adjusted for adaptation to said settings of the hoist, as described in connection with fig. 16.

The axle 588 and Fig. 588 of the cable drums 589 and 590 (Fig. 12A) are connected by a flexible drive coupling 615 to a hydraulic motor 616, which is mounted on the cross-beam 570 of the overlying frame structure. The shaft extends along the upper side of the beam 570 to the right side lift, where it is mounted in second layer 587 and where it carries the rope drums 589 and 590 for the right side lift for the tong beam 23, which is similar in all respects to the left lift.

The conductor tubes 606, which consist of heat-resistant stainless steel, extend downwardly through stuffing boxes B77 1 the roof 254 of the tipping tray and are held attached to the upper side of the tong beam 23, which is carried in the tipping box hanging in the two ropes 607. and 608.

In the position shown in the drawings, the pistons are retracted into the cylinders 575, so that the movable frames 581 are in their uppermost position, to which they have been lifted within the fixed frames 572, and the lifting ropes 607 and 608 are wound on the rope drums 589 and 590 , so that the upper side of the pliers beam 23 is held fixedly against the lower end of the pipes 606, which likewise assume their uppermost position. The lower ends of the hoist lines B07 or 608 are provided with sleeves 670, which are vvnlrcradv in the female end, which are the ends of the upper and lower ends of the guide tubes 606. Pliers beam 73 is attached to the lower ends of the sleeves 620, and in the position shown raised, the upper ends of the sleeves 620 project from the upper ends of the conductor tubes 506.

The holding of the tong beam 23 in its shown lifting position is promoted by a roller 621 mounted on the rear-facing side of the tong beam, which engages a guide 622 which extends downwards through the roof of the tipping box from the overlying beam 570.

In the raised position of the pliers beam, the jaws of the pliers 22 are located at a distance above the position of the upper edges of the bending tools. The lowering of the tong beam to cause the tong jaws to branch the upper edge of a curved glass sheet located between the bending tools takes place by simultaneously driving the two cylinders 575, so that the movable frames 581 and 593 are displaced downwards with the tong beam at all times. hardened against the lower ends of the guide tubes 606 by means of the lifting ropes 607 and 608. The entire movable part of the hoist is then moved downwards, until the tong beam 23 again assumes a position in which the open jaws of the pliers gpengjüp upper edge of the bent glass sheet between the bending tools. The pliers are placed on the pliers beam so that they are lowered in the spaces between the sections of the concave bending tool (fin. 9) and into the corresponding recesses in the upper edge of the convex bending tool. The H3 pliers beam is lowered, the pliers are guided to the exact position in the middle of the upper edge of the glass plate.

The conductor tubes 606, through which the lines G07 and 608 run, are shown in detail in Figs. 13B and 13C. The sleeve ü? U, which is threaded on the end portion of the rope 607, passes through a bushing 673, which is welded into the upper end of the conductor tube 606, and through a specially shaped bushing 62U, which is inserted into the lower end of the conductor tube.

The lower end of the line sleeve 620 is welded to an upper 10 '20' 25 '- 30 35 un I 7 4091950 -9 _28 in clamping washer 626, which rests on the upper side of a plate 628 on the tong beam and on its upper side has a semi-cylindrical cam 626a . The end of the rope 607 projecting from the lower end of the rope sleeve 620 passes through the plate 628 and through a lower tension washer 627. A rope shoe is welded to the free end of the rope below the lower tension washer. The underside of the bushing 624 is formed with a keyway 629, in which the semi-cylindrical cam 626a on the upper washer 626 engages when the rope 607 is tensioned, whereby the tong bar plate 628 is clamped against the lower ends of the conductor tubes. A pressure rod 630 is housed in the line guide tube 606 and extends through a vertical hole drilled in the bushing 624.

The pointed lower end 631 of the push rod rests on the upper side of the washer 626, when the tong beam is attached to the conductor tubes. The upper end portion of the push rod 630 is guided by a tongue 632 on the inside of the tube 606, and on the rod 630 is attached near its upper end a radially projecting adjusting arm 633 which is passed through an elongate slot 634 in the conductor wall. An adjustable screw 635 on the arm 633 is arranged to adjust a pressure switch S18, which by means of a bracket 637 is mounted on the outside of the conductor tube 606. When the pliers beam assumes its lifting position according to the drawings, the rod 630 is displaced upwards, whereby the adjusting screw 635 is free from the switch S18. When the pliers beam is lowered relative to the guide tube 606, the lower support point for the tip 631 of the rod 630 is lost, the rod being displaced downwards under the action of a spring 638 connecting the adjusting arm 633 to the bracket 637, the switch S18 being adjusted to indicate that the pliers beam by unwinding the lifting ropes 607 and 608.

The second line guide tube 605, through which the line 608 runs, has a differently shaped bushing 639 at its lower end and extends outside this end without any conical depression, but only with a flat shoulder surface 6H0, against which the flat top of the upper washer 626 is applied , when the plate 628 of the pliers beam is pulled upwards towards the lower ends of the conductor tubes. The clamping washer 627 for clamping the lower end of the rope 608 to the leading edge of the tong beam plate 628 is provided with a rope clamp which is clamped to the lower end of the rope 608 below the tong beam. The clamp can be adjusted on the line to enable adjustment of the angle of inclination of the tongs by angular movements around the semi-cylindrical edge 626a of the clamping washer 6? 6. This enables the exact setting of the Longitudinal Beam 10 15 20 25 30 35 7409450-9 29 when setting up the hoist.

The tong slippery stabilizer and slyrvn nndvr nina movements up and down by means of two guide lines lin hh. The upper end of each nlyrline 645 is held in a clamp SHB (Fig. 13B), which is fixedly mounted on a lower part BH7 of the fixed main frame.

The guide ropes 6U5 run vertically down through the tipping box and along the sides of the saw shaft below the tipping box. At the bottom of the shaft, the lower end portion of each guide line BUS, which goes under a break plate (not shown), is attached to a clamp which is mounted on the piston rod of a hydraulic motor, by means of which the line 6U5 is kept under the required tension.

On each of the top plates 628, which are arranged on the ends of the pliers beam, a pair of rollers 6U9 parallel to the pliers beam are mounted¿ The guide ropes 645 run between these rollers 6U9. Similar pairs of rollers 550, between which the guide ropes run, are mounted on a cross plate 651; which is welded between the lower ends of the two side plates BH1 of the beam end bracket. At both ends of the tong beam are at the side plates ßül near their lower end welded shoulder plates 652, which extend inwardly in the longitudinal direction of the tong beam and carry a hinge pin 653. On this is mounted a frame comprising Lvå side arms 65U, which are hingedly attached to the end portions of the pin 653 projecting beyond the outsides of the shoulder plates 652. One side arm 65H has a rearward extension provided with a stop plate 655 which can be actuated by a push rod H6? for pivoting the frame around the pivot 653. The arms 65 "are connected to each other at their outer ends by means of bolts 656, and an upwardly directed plate link 657 is fixedly arranged at right angles to each arm in the area of the pivot 653. The upper ends of the links 657 are connected to each other by means of a rod 659, to which screw clamps 660 are attached, in which the ends of faithful operating ropes 661 are clamped, which ropes serve to open and close three of the pliers. Three pliers are operated from each end of the pliers beam. .

Each pliers is preferably designed so that the pliers jaws are closed by means of sliding weights, which are included in the pliers construction.

Each stop plate 655 is actuated by a push rod 662 which, as shown in Figs. 12A and 12C, is slidable into a bracket 683 mounted on a bracket 683 which is mounted on a of the suspension beams 59H in the middle of a pneumatic piston motor SSH, which is also mounted on the suspension beam SQH and whose downwardly directed piston rod 655 can be pushed down by the push rod 66? for abutment against the abutment plate 655, whereby the arms 65H pivot so that the ropes 661 are tensioned and the pliers jaws are opened.

An abutment member 666 adjusts a limit switch S19 when the piston rod 665 is pulled into the cylinder and the jaws are closed. 7 Similar push rod devices are provided at both ends of the tong beam, each with a pneumatic piston motor 66H and a limit switch S19.

Mounted on the pliers beam 23 is further arranged near each end a downwardly directed arm 667, which carries square metal plates 668. These are used for photoelectric sensing of the position of the pliers beam during its downward movement under the tipping box.

Six pliers 22 hang in the pliers beam 22, and the suspension for the pliers is such that when a curved glass sheet is held between the bending tools, it is lowered with the pliers open to accurately align the upper edge of the curved glass sheet.

The two outermost pliers 22 hang in their respective pliers holders, which are pivotally mounted on an arm 670, which is mounted perpendicular to the pliers beam, which cantilevered bearing the shaft outside the pliers beam 23 on the side facing the convex raising tool. The two second innermost pliers 2? hangs in Långhållarc, whose shoulders are stored immediately in the seaweed balcony. The two innermost pliers 22 hang in pliers holders which are pivotable on the ends of the cantilever arms 672 which extend perpendicularly from the pliers beam 23 in the rearward direction towards the concave bending tool.

Devices are taken to guide the pliers to a precisely determined position with the pliers jaws bordering the glass plate, when the pliers beam 23 is lowered. When the tong beam 73 has reached its lower position, corresponding to the lower end position of the pistons in the cylinders 575, the operating lines 661 are released, the jaws closing around the upper edge of the glass plate. The two bending tools, which have the same temperature as their environment in the tipping box, which is kept at as close as possible to the same temperature as the glass sheet has when it leaves the oven, are kept closed around the gloss sheet for a period of, for example, 5 seconds. which is formed in the glass during the raising, is equalized and inhomogeneities in the glass are reduced as a result of the contact of the glass plate with the hot bending tools. When the pliers grip the upper edge of the glass sheet, the lifting fingers are lowered and the retraction of the concave bending tool begins while the bent glass sheet, which now hangs in the pliers, is still in contact with the continuous surface of the convex bending tool.

The valve 501 (Fig. 11) is opened, whereby an air shock through the perforations N91 in the convex bending tool loosens the bent glass sheet from its surface, whereupon the small baking pulling of the convex bending tool begins.

The curved glass plate now hangs freely in the pliers, and the lowering of the glass plate for further processing is started. The tipping box is pivoted back to its inclined position ready to receive the next disc to be bent, and the retraction of the bending tools 15 to their initial positions is completed.

The temperature at which the glass sheet is heated during its transport through the oven and which is so adapted in relation to the heating time of the glass in the oven that it is heated without unacceptable deformation when it relaxes against the standing support rollers 20 in the oven, is also the temperature at which glass plate is bent.

This temperature in the range 550 - GSUOC, eg 7661ÛOC, is the temperature of the bent glass sheet when it is detached from the bending tools and becomes suspended in the tongs in the tipping blade.

Particularly in the manufacture of a high-strength glass sheet 25, it is often desirable that the initial temperature of the glass sheet before curing is higher than the bending temperature, e.g. GROOC, so that the disk, before being quenched in the coolant tank 26, during its lowering must pass between post-heating marrow, which heats the disk to a higher initial temperature, from which it undergoes a preliminary surface cooling, before it is immersed in the coolant.

Since the glass plate has been bent. the piston rods 577 in the cylinders 575 of the lifting gear are pushed down so that the movable frames 593 assume their lowest position in relation to the phase frames. Further lowering of the seaweed beam during the following treatment of the glass takes place by means of the lifting motor 616, which through the flexible coupling shaft 615 drives the shaft 588 and the line drums 589 and 590 for unwinding the lines 607 and 608, in which both ends of the seaweed beam hang. The vertical lowering of the seaweed beam along the guide lines 6U5 begins, and the glass then moves between two fields of post-heater 77 (fin. 1), which are most clearly seen in Fig. Ik. The 27 upper sides of the reheater are approximately 600 mm below the lower edges of the bending tools and the reheater panels have a height of 900 mm.

WI Each field of reheater comprises a refractory plate 790, which carries a suitable pattern of heating element 27. The refractory plates.790 form walls of a long narrow chamber with an "open insertion slot 791, which is located below the outlet slot 269.; Sealing asbestos curtains. 79? hangs from the side edges of the gap 269 and abuts the means which delimit the insertion gap 791 to the refractory lined after-heating furnace.

The refractory plates are fixed vertically, and the flexible asbestos protection 79? forms a böjlíp seal between tipplådans_ nt äng ängsupnll? hW ovh dmlniationüra ínginpnnpulfvn / 91. _ Each reinforced plate support on hnk fi ínn of vn support structure 703 of metal. The heating element 27 consists of resistance wires, which are wound on ceramic tubes, which are mounted on conductor rods 79H of steel. These are passed through the doldfast plates 790 and fixed in insulators 795, which are held by the metallic support structure 793.

The heating elements É7 are supplied with current in such a way that they are kept at a temperature in the range 750 - ISOOOC, for example 1000 - 120 ° C. When heated, the glass can be heated to a temperature which is When the curved glass sheet moves downwards between EÛOC or more above the temperature at which it has left the bending tools. For example, a glass plate of 60 DEG C. can be heated to a starting temperature for curing of 68 DEG C.

If the glass moves downwards at a constant speed between the reheaters, it heats almost uniformly throughout its thickness. Although the surface temperature can be slightly higher than the temperature in the core of the glass plate, at most a temperature difference of about 12 ° C can occur between the surfaces and core of the glass plate.

Alternatively, in order to heat the lower edge of the glass sheet to a higher temperature than the upper edge, the glass sheet can be accelerated when its lower edge has reached the lower edge of the reheater plates, e.g. from a lowering speed of 15 rpm to a lowering speed of 30 cm / s. The heating time for the upper part of the glass sheet between the reheater plates is thereby shortened, so that, although each Poon QUALITY in 2.1 part of the glass sheet is heated so that there is no temperature gradient in the thickness of the sheet or on its height a gradient of about 12 ° C, as just described, a linear lnw1rrn | ururadient from a higher temperature of for example VOOOV at the lower edge of the curved glass sheet to a lower Iompvrnlnr of for example 680OC at the top edge of the disc occurs when the disc passes between the lower edge plane before the rapid cooling in the oil tank 26. I The control equipment described below makes it possible to select a suitable speed program for the lifting motor 616 from the time of its start to the time when the glass plate comes to rest in the coolant tank.

A maximum lowering speed of the following is given in further examples.

Some fletalicrated l1tförirnun-xcnnw ~ l are listed in Table ll, which indicates the temperature at which the glass sheet is bent, the residence time between the reheaters in order to achieve a desired starting temperature, and the values of the slow speed required to reach the desired temperature .

Some other examples are summarized in the following Tables III, IV and V, which relate to the formation of a linear temperature gradient of between 10 and BUOC from a higher temperature at the lower edge of the disk to a lower temperature at its upper edge. These tables are based on a 25 cm high glass top, which is lowered between 90 cm deep fields by reheater? 7. The acceleration of the glass plate takes place from the initial speed to the final speed, when the lower edge of the glass plate has reached the bottom of the oven. The lowering speed gives the approximate passage times for the upper and lower edges of the nlas plate between the reheaters.

Each blast drawer 28 is an elongate drawer extending from one side of the shaft to the other under the reheaters 27. Each drawer 28 is mounted with its nozzles 29 projecting from the front of the drawer on side wheels 800 (Fig. 15), which run on rails. 801, which extend along the side walls of the saw shaft.

Each blast box 28 is connected through a line 802 to a centrifugal fan 803, which is mounted near one end wall of the shaft, and compressed air is supplied from the centrifugal fan 803 at a pressure of 380 mm water column. The wheels 800 are mounted on carriages on which the blast boxes with associated connecting tubes are mounted, and the blast boxes can be moved inwards and outwards on the rails 801 for adjusting the distance between the ends of the nozzles 20 and the path for it. hot curved glass sheet, as this is lowered through the bottom plane of the reheaters 27. A regular! orifice distance for the nozzles is 105 mm. The fronts of the blast drawers 28 may be flat, as shown in the drawing, or curved to a shape which more closely corresponds to the curvature of the curved glass sheets to be cooled by means of cooling air from the blast drawers.

In one embodiment, the drawer nasal faces have a height of 22 cm. The nozzle openings are 3 mm in diameter and arranged in a zigzag pattern of the three-row type with a center distance of 19 mm. The nozzles are moreover arranged in mutually so laterally offset positions between the drawers that they are not located opposite each other over the space between the drawers, through which the glass plate is lowered.

At the carriage for the right blast box 78 according to Fig. 15 there is a downwardly directed frame 806, which at its lower end is provided with support strips 807, on which the hot glass plate is lowered. The support strips 807 project across the path of the glass during the lowering movement and are stabilized by struts 808, which are clamped to the rails 801 when the blast box is set in the intended position. The frame 806 and the struts 808 are so long that when the lower edge of the glass plate rests on the support strips 807, its upper edge is located just below the lower nozzles of the blasting drawers.

The supply of cooling air to the drawers 28 is regulated in such a way that the side surfaces of the reheated glass are cooled, for example 5000, while the glass in the core of the disc is not significantly cooled below the initial temperature reached by the heating by the reheaters.

In this way, temperature gradients of about SÛOC occur between the core and surfaces of the disc, when the glass sheet leaves the area with cooling air, which is supplied through the nozzles 28, and immediately afterwards is lowered into the quick-cooling tank 26.

The cooling tank 26 is shown schematically in fine. 15 and contains a coolant bath, which is maintained at a temperature of e.g. 2H0 ° C. The tank 28 is placed on a table, which stands on the lifting platform 30, which is the upper platform in a scissor link-operated lifting table. The table is hydraulically operated and lifts the coolant tank 26 at such a time relative to the rotation of the hoisting tool that the cooling tank has been raised to wet! mode immediately _7500? QUALITY 10 15 20 25 30 35 7409450-9 35 under the blast drawers 28, before lowering the glass sheet between the blast drawers in the coolant in the cooling tank. The device is such that the frame 806 with the support strips 807 is completely immersed in the coolant, before the glass plate is lowered into the tank.

It is important to keep the surface of the liquid, in which the glass is rapidly cooled, in a certain position relative to the lowest nozzles in the blast drawers 28 to ensure the least possible reduction of the temperature gradients in the thickness of the glass sheet which occur below it. preliminary cooling, before the glass surfaces are rapidly cooled by contact with the coolant. It is the temperature gradients in the thickness direction of the glass, when the core of the glass is cooled by the lower cooling limit of the glass, which influence the occurrence of the desired superficial compressive stress and central tensile stress in the glass, after the glass has cooled to room temperature. A precise fixing of the external position of the free surface of the coolant, for example to a distance of?, 5 mm below the bottom of the blast boxes? 8, is achieved by allowing the coolant to flow continuously over an overflow drain (not shown) in the upper part of the cooling tank 26.

At the intended time in the operation of the apparatus, the platform 30 is lifted to transfer the cooling tank 26 to its upper position for receiving a hot glass sheet. The cooling tank is maintained in this position with the hot glass plate resting on the support lugs 807 for such a long time, e.g. 20 seconds, that the entire glass mass is cooled to a temperature considerably below its wondering cooling limit, after which the platform 30 is lowered and lowers the coolant tank from the surroundings of the glass sheet 856 still resting on the supports 807.

As soon as the glass plate has been completely immersed in the coolant during the rapid cooling and the lower edge of the glass plate 856 rests on the support lugs 807, the pliers open through nt: actuators placed in the shaft actuate the stop plate 655 (Fig. 12), so that 22 was lifted by the lifting mechanism, so that the tong beam assumes its position above the bending tools, before these bring together about the next glass plate.

After lowering the coolant tank, the curved glass sheet is manually transferred to a degreasing tank, and after degreasing, the glass is cooled to room temperature. # 09450 ~ 9 36 When producing a series of curved stressed glass sheets, the coolant tank 26 is maintained in its lower position, and the reheaters are switched off, as is the cooling air supply to the pre-cooling section.

The frame 806 is mounted in a closed chambers, which are moved horizontally to a position for receiving the glass sheets in turn, when they are lowered through the resulting reheater and pre-cooling sections. The frame 806 is spring-loaded to accommodate the maximum speed of the glass pane, which has now not been damped by immersion in a coolant.

The frame support lugs 807 are provided with stronger thermal insulation.

The discs are taken up in turn on the support lugs 807 at the relaxation conditions prevailing in the chamber, so that after cooling the glass has only relatively small stresses, for example a central tensile stress of 7 MN / mp. When the disc has cooled, the release chamber is moved away horizontally, the relaxed glass sheet is removed from the frame 806 and the release chamber is returned to its position around the frame, ready to receive the next glass sheet.

In some cases a relaxed glass sheet is produced immediately after a hardened sheet, for example if these two sheets are to be laminated to produce a laminated windscreen. The reheater section and the cooling section then remain in operation. Until the time when the bending tools are disassembled, both boards have undergone identical heat treatment, and they have been bent in the same way, so that they fit together and can be laminated with each other. The corresponding shapes must be maintained during the following treatment. The way in which this is achieved is described in Swedish patent application 7UU9UH7-9. The total deformation index of the tempered and relaxed glass sheet is likewise adjusted when the treatment takes place so that a temperature gradient between the upper and lower edges is obtained, taking into account the condition achieved by the upper edge of the glass sheet. This ensures a tight fit of the upper edges of the boards, which area is the most critical during lamination.

Fig. 16 schematically shows the hydraulic system for controlling the actuators H11 and Ulla of the bending tools, the actuator 301 of the rocker frame, the actuator h75a and 57% h for raising and lowering the movable frames, which here the tong slippery suspension system 10 15 20 25 '30 40 '7809450' -9 37 and the actuator 8H9 for the fax link operated lift table. In addition, the device for controlling the motor 816, which drives the lifting units, in which the tong beam hangs, is also shown.

A main line 183 for pressure fluid is arranged to distribute working fluid to the cylinders of these actuators. The ends of the cylinder H11 for the concave bending tool are connected by lines 870 and 871 to a solenoid operated slide valve 872, which is of the "locked center position" type and has two operating solenoids 873 and 874. When both solenoids 873 and 87H are de-energized, the valve slide or piston locked in a medium position, where the fluid supply is_blocked and the actuator bibchâllcs 5 its currently prevailing condition. The inlet of the valve is connected to the pressure line 183 and a return line 193. The ends of the cylinder H11a for the convex bending tool are connected by lines 875 and 876 to a unidirectional slide valve 877 of the type with "locked middle position", which has operating solenoids 878 and 879. 877 inlets are connected to both the pressure line 183 and the return line 193. The ends' of the rocker frame cylinders 301 are connected through lines 880 and 881 to the outlets of another unidirectional slide valve 882, which is provided with control solenoids 883 and 88u and is connected to both pressure line 183 and return line 193. Another unidirectional slide valve 887 of the "locked center position" type and provided with control solenoids 888 and 889, an inlet port connected to pressure line 183, and an outlet port connected to return line 193 , is connected by a line 890 to the upper end of the left vertical cylinder in the hoist according to Fig. 12A, designated 575a in Fig. 16.

The lower end of the cylinder 575a is connected through a line 891 to a compensating slide valve 892, which has operating solenoids 893 and 898 and through a pressure line 895 is connected to the pressure line 183 and through an outlet line 896 to the return line 193. upper end of the right cylinder 575b in lift the conduit 897 communicates with an inlet to the slide valve 892, which is arranged to connect the conduits 891 and 897 in series under the conditions described below so that both ends of the tong beam are lowered simultaneously and parallel. The lower end of the cylinder 575b is connected by a conduit 898 to the valve 887. 10 n 20 25 30 35. .1k09 # 50-9 38 The ends of the cylinder 8U9 for the scissor link-operated lifting table 30 are each connected by line 899, 900 to another slide valve 901, which is provided with operating solenoids 902 and 903 and which is connected to the pressure line 183 and the return line. 193. 1 The lift motor 616 (Fig. 12A) is connected to the pressure line 183 and the return line 193 through an unidirectional slide valve SOU with control solenoids 905 and 906. The liquid discharged from one outlet of the valve 904 through the line 907 is under pressure to drive the motor 616 in the direction which results in lowering of the tong beam. The second outlet of the valve 90U communicates with a conduit 908 on the other side of the motor, and when pressure fluid is transferred through this conduit, the lift motor 616 is driven in the same direction as to lift the tong beam. The engine speed is regulated by means of a shunt circuit, which connects the valve 909 to the return line 193 and contains a cam-operated flow control valve 909, which is connected in parallel with a bypass valve 910, which is adjustable for setting the engine for creep speed. Changing the setting of the valve 909 to control the engine 616 \ speed takes place pneumatically, as described in connection with Fig. 17.

The pneumatic operating system associated with the tipping box is shown schematically in Fig. 17. The upper and lower ends of the two cylinders 66H (Fig. 12), which depress the push rods 652 to open the tongs, are connected in parallel to a solenoid-operated slide valve 911, the inlet of which is connected by a line 912 to a compressed air line 913. The valve 911 has a pair of operating nozzles 91H and 915. When Lryekluft is supplied the lower ends of these cylinders, the downward force is relieved from the push rods, thereby closing the tongs.

Fig. 17 also shows a pneumatic system for operating the disc brake 591, which is arranged for the line drum 590 (Fig. 12). Pneumatically actuated brake arms 592 for actuating the friction means against the brake disc 591 are connected by a line 10 to a compressed air * retainer 917, which is fed by a regulator 918 from parallel-connected high and low pressure circuits. inlets are connected to the pressure line 913.

The high pressure circuit, which has the function of applying the brakes and keeping the lifting unit wound up until the gripped glass plate is to be lowered from the bending tools, comprises a pressure regulator 919 and a slide valve 920 with operating solenoid 921, which is supplied with power for disengaging the brake.

The low pressure circuit is similar and includes a low pressure regulator 922 and a solenoid actuated slide valve 923 with a solenoid 92U fed for a low pressure state and a solenoid 925 fed for a zero pressure state, as described in more detail below. The function of the low-pressure circuit is to prevent the lifting gear from "chopping" when lowering a curved glass plate.

The hydraulic speed control valve 909 for the hoist motor 616 (Fig. 16) is actuated by an actuator package 926, which can assume three different positions A, B and C (fin. 17), each corresponding to a given motor speed, under the influence of a push-half actuator. means comprising two cylinders 927 and 928, which are joined end to end and jointly displaceable in a fixed housing 929.

In the cylinder 927 a piston 930 is mounted on a piston rod 931, the outer end of which has a rounded head 932, which is in contact with the adjusting lever 926 of the control valve 909.

In the cylinder 928, a piston 933 is mounted on a piston rod 93H, the outer end of which is fixedly connected to a stationary bracket 935.

The inner and outer ends of the cylinder 927 are connected by their respective flow control valve 936, 937 to a solenoid actuated slide valve 939, which has a single actuating solenoid QHO and is connected to the compressed air line 913. When the solenoid QUU is turned on, the pneumatic circuit is set for a first rotary speed. . The inner and outer ends of the cylinder 928 are similarly connected by flow control valves 991 and 9H2 to another slide valve 993 with a single solenoid QHH. The valve 9H3 is also connected to the compressed air line 913 and when the solenoid QUN is supplied with power, a second speed is set for the hoist motor 616, as described below. saa-men uuAuTY I 10 15 20 25 30 35 7409læ50 ~ 9 40 When a bend has been completed, the raising tools are fully retracted. The tipping box assumes its inclined position to receive the next hot glass plate, the lowering of the gloss disk has begun, and the lowering relay R12 (fig. 26) contacts R121, R17? and R123 is closed. A circuit is activated, which contains a solenoid, which escapes the carriage stop 2U2, and the carriage is accelerated out of the tipping box. 7 Meanwhile, all the rollers 8 and 13 are driven in the oven and in the tipping box at creep speed, and at the same time contacts are broken to switch off: the coupling which drives the roll conveyor rollers, which thereby stop, so that the empty cart stands still on the conveyor exit section and can be removed from this and moved back to the inlet end for loading. The reset button is then pressed to stop the power and start the entire operation to process the next glass.

In the initial state of the device, both bending tools are removed, the pliers beam is lifted and the tipping box is in its inclined position, e.g. with 50 angle. The cylinder Ulla of the convex bending tool (Fig. 16) has been circled to retract the bending tool by feeding the valve solenoid 878 (Figs. 16 and 18) of the valve 877 through current through the normally closed contact R73 in a relay R7, such as contact R71 and a normal broken contact R77 in the tile 877 solenoid 879. When the solenoid 878 is allowed to convex the bending tool in its backward position. Similarly, the concave bending tool cylinder H11 is operated by a relay R8, which has a holding contact R81, a closing contact R82 also has a holding valve with valve current, it is held in series with the valve 872 solenoid 87U and a break contact R83 in series with valve 872 solenoid 873. When solenoid 873 is energized, the concave bending tool is held in its normally retracted position.

The changeover of the tipping box to and from the inclined position is controlled by means of a relay RQ, which has a holding contact R91, a booster contact R93 in series with the cylinder solenoid P83 of the cylinder 301 and a closing contact R92 in series with the valve 88? solenoid 88U. Normally, the solenoid 883 is live, so that the cylinder 301 holds the rocker frame in its inclined position. A pliers beam relay R10 is connected in series with the limit switch S16 (Fig. 12) for the upper position of the hoist and with the limit switch S8 for the vortex position of the support rollers and with the limit switch S10 for the concave head-up split position. . The relay R10 has a holding contact Rlül and a break contact R102 in series with the valve 887 solenoid 889 (Fig. 16).

Connected in parallel with the solenoid 889 is the solenoid 893 of the compensation valve 892, which is connected in series with two parallel-connected limit switches S16 for the upper position of the hoist, which are switched, one of the left and the other of the right hoist (Figs. 12A and 12C). ).

The relay Riü also has a closing contact R103 in series with the solenoid 887 of the valve 888. Coupled in parallel with the solenoid 888 is the solenoid 89U of the compensation valve 892. which is connected in series with two parallel-connected limit switches S17 for the lower position of the hoist.

During the upward movement of the forceps beam, the nnoidoid 889 is fed in an intermediate position with current, and the hydraulic circuits for the two cylinders 575 are connected in series. so that pressure fluid is passed through the line 898 of the valve 887 to the lower end of the cylinder 575b. From the upper end of the cylinder 575b, pressure fluid is delivered through the line 897 and through the compensation valve 893 to the line 891, which is connected to the lower end of the cylinder 575a.

The pistons of the two cylinders 575a and 575b are displaced upwards together, but they may not reach the end of the ascending stroke at the same time. The limit switch S16, which closes first, transmits working current to the solenoid 893 of the compensation valve 892, so that this valve is reversed and delivers pressure fluid directly to the lower end of the cylinder 575a, thereby ensuring that both lifting units occupy their upper position so close together. as early as possible.

During the lowering of the pliers beam, the pliers beam relay R10 is switched on and breaks its contact R102 and closes its contact R103, whereby the solenoid 888 is activated. The compensation valve 892 assumes its position for series connection of the two cylinders 575.

. Pressurized fluid is passed through line 890 to the upper end of cylinder 575a and from the lower end of this cylinder through line 891 and valve 892 to upper end of cylinder 575b. When the piston in one cylinder comes to the end of its downward stroke, one limit switch S17 is closed for the lower position of the hoist, whereby the solenoid 89% is activated to reverse the compensation valve 10 15 20 25 30 An in * Moelven-s H2 892, so that pressure fluid is led from the conduit 895 through the conduit 897 to the upper end of the cylinder 575, and the pistons of both cylinders 575 are displaced downwardly together to set the tong beam in a horizontal position above the joined bending tools.

The convex bending tool timer, which was started when the glass plate was in the oven, now begins to control the work of the convex bending tool and closes after a certain delay a contact T31 (Fig. 18), which is connected in series with the limit switch S12 for the concave bending tool partially extended position and with the coil in the relay R7, whose holding contact R71 is connected in parallel with the contact T31. When the relay R7 is switched on, the contact R73 is caused to break and the contact R72 to close the current path, so that the solenoid 878 of the valve 877 (Fig. 16) becomes de-energized and the solenoid 879 is energized, whereby pressure fluid is led through the line 876 to the cylinder H11a. the convex tool is advanced. When the convex bending tool is fully inserted, the limit switch S1H for the internal position of the convex bending tool closes.

During the inward movement of the bending tool, a carriage 12 with a glass plate 9 is in motion and changes the limit switch SU, before it is stopped by the carriage stop ZR2. The adjustment of the limit switch S4 triggers the inward movement of the concave bending tool, so that the lifting fingers on the lower edge of this tool lift the hot glass plate 9 from the carriage 12, before the carriage is stopped by the carriage stop, so that the carriage's impact against the carriage stop is not transferred to the hot glass.

When the convex tool is fully inserted and the limit switch SU is closed and the carriage 12 approaches the carriage stop 12H2, the relay RB is switched on through a closed reset contact S15 on the lifting finger mechanism.

At this time, the convex lifting tool has been inserted 7 into the bending position and the limit switch SIN for the inner position of the convex tool is closed, so that when the limit switch SN is closed at the insertion of the carriage 12 into the tipping box, the relay R8 of the concave bending tool is turned on and locked. its pouring contact R81. The break contact R1 is opened and the closing contact R82 is closed, so that the solenoid 87H for the valve 872 of the concave tool (Fig. 16) is activated and the solenoid 873 becomes de-energized, whereby the inlet movement of the concave tool begins. 10 15 20 25 sol 71509450 '-9 H3 The relay RR also closes its connector R8H and resets the current TH, which after a certain delay closes the contact TH1 and thus the current through the valve 503 solenoid 503a (fin. 11), whereby the convex tool is evacuated , so that the bending is facilitated by sucking the hot glass plate against the mold surface H80 of the tool.

L The TH1 contact is closed for evacuation at one point, when the bending is almost complete and the concave tool is near the end of its entry. At a later time, when the concave bending tool after bending is being retracted and the upper edge of the glass plate has already been gripped by the pliers, the contact T41 is broken and the contact of the timer TH is closed TH? for activating the solenoid 501a of the pressure valve 501, so that compressed air is introduced into the convex bending tool to help release the bent glass sheet from the mold surface.

During the movement of the concave tool, the lifting fingers pick up the hot glass disc from the trolley, and the sections of the concave tool are applied to the disc, as they go between the support rollers 8 in the tipping box. The hot glass plate is then pushed forward from the support rollers 8 towards the convex bending tool. When the concave tool is partially inserted, the switch S11, which is connected in series with the normally closed switch S12 for the retracted position of the concave tool and with the coil in the relay R9 for the vertical position of the support rollers, closes and closes its holding contact R91, that the relay is locked by the normally closed switch S13 for the partially drawn state of the convex tool. The breaking contact R93 is broken and the closing contact R92 is closed, so that the solenoid 883 of the valve 882 (Fig. 16) becomes de-energized and the solenoid 88H is energized, causing the cylinder 301 to pivot the rocker frame to its horizontal position, in which the support rollers 8 in the tilting box become vertical. It is during this tilting movement of the tilting box that the inward movement of the concave tool and thus the bending of the glass sheet ends, the bent glass sheet resting on the lifting fingers between the joined bending tools.

When the concave bending tool has been fully inserted, the corresponding limit switch S10 closes (Fig. 19). This is connected in series with a limit switch S8 for the vertical position of the support rollers, with the limit switches S16 for the upper position of the hoist, which are closed in the state in which the hoists 581 are lifted, and with the coil of the tong beam relay R10. Parallel with the limit switch 10 15 20 '25 30 35 71409450' -9 the HU switch S10 for the internal position of the concave tool and with the limit switch S8 for the vertical position of the support rollers lies the holding contact R101 of the relay R10. A switch contact R111 in a relay R11 (fig. 20) .for the upper position of the hoist is pawall-connected with the limit switches S16 for the upper position of the hoist. When the limit switch S10 for the internal position of the concave tool is closed, the relay R1O turns on and breaks the contact R102 and closes the contact R103, the valves 887 and 892 (Fig. 16) conducting pressure fluid to the cylinders 575a and 575b and the lowering of the lifting frame frames 581 begins ( Fig. 12), so that the lowering of the tong beam 23 towards the upper edge of the curved sheave plate held between the bending tools begins.

- While the tong beam 23 is being lifted, the contacts S211 and S212 of the limit switch S21 are closed and the solenoid 914 of the pneumatic slide valve 911 (Fig. 17) is activated, so that compressed air is led to the upper ends of the cylinders 664 (Fig. 12) and these displace their pistons down and opens the pliers jaws. When the pliers beam is lowered, the open pliers jaws are placed in the middle over the upper edge of the glass sheet held between the bending tools, after the pliers jaws have gone into the recesses in the upper edge of the convex tool and between the sections of the concave tool.

When the tong beam is lowered, the switches S221 and S222 of a switch S22 are closed, whereby the solunoid 915 of the valve 911 is activated and the valve is adjusted so that the pressure rods G5? retract and the pliers jaws under the weight of the pliers runners ulules around the upper edge of the glass plate. When the push rods 662 are retracted upwards, the two switches S19 close and a timer T5 is started, which is set to measure the shortest possible time, up to 5 seconds, which it takes for the tips of the tong jaws to engage in the upper edge portion of the glass plate, so that the disc is reliably suspended in the pliers when the bending tools are disassembled. The timer's T5 contact T51 is then closed to activate a solenoid 95? for a pneumatic valve 850, which lowers the lift fingers. The stop plate 556 acts on the switch S15 to break its switching contact, whereby the relay R8 switches off. Does the contact R8 break? and the contact R83 is closed, the solenoid 87H of the valve 872 becomes de-energized and the solenoid 873 is activated, whereby the retraction of the concave bending tool begins.

The closing time of the bending tools for bending the gloss plate can amount to, for example, 8 seconds. In 10 20 25 30 35 7 # 09Å | 50-9 45 When the concave bending cuckoo fabric is partially extended, the corresponding switch S9 breaks and switches off the rail R7, this breaks the contact R72 and closes the contact R73. The solenoid 878 of the valve 877 is activated and the solenoid 87Û becomes de-energized, whereby the return of the convex bending force is heard.

When the concave bending tool is fully retracted, the associated limit switch S12 is broken, and at this time the convex bending tool is partially reversed and the associated switch S13 is broken. When both of these switches have broken, does the relay R9 switch off the vertical position of the support rollers and break its contact R9? and closes its contact H93. Thereby, the solenoid 88N of the valve 882 is de-energized and the solenoid 883 is activated, so that pressure fluid is led into the lower end of the cylinder 301 to return the rocker frame to its inclined position with the support rollers 8 in the tipping box at the preset angle, e.g. 50, towards the vertical position in readiness for receiving the next glass sheet from the oven. The retraction of the convex bending tool continues until it is completely returned. The bent glass plate is left hanging freely in the pliers between the bending tools and ready to be lowered through the reheating section and the pre-cooling section in the coolant.

When the rocker frame is adjusted to its inclined position, the limit switch S7 (Fig. 20) closes for the inclined position of the support rollers.

The limit switch S7 is in series with the closed beam relay R10 of the tong beam relay R10, with a switch contact PE1 in a photocell-operated switch, which is switched by the hoist plates 668, with a switch switch R112 on the lifting relay H11 and with the coil in a relay s12 for the lifting gear and time switch T6 for the lowering movement of the hoist. Relay pole RI? ooh the time switch TG are connected in parallel.

Hold contact R122 in the lowering relay RI? closed and locks the relay. The contact R123 is closed to supply a solenoid 955, which lowers the exit stop 2U2 of the carriage, so that the carriage 12 can be taken out of the tipping box.

The lift lowering timer T6 immediately closes its contact T61 to activate the solenoid of the valve 907, which controls the supply of pressure fluid to the lifting motor 616. At the same time, the lowering relay R12 closes its contact R12H to activate the valve 939 (Fig. 17) solenoid 9N0, whereby compressed air 10 20 30 35 '? lr09l + 50-9 H6 is led through the valve 937 to the cylinder 927, so that the piston 930 projects its piston rod 931 and adjusts vvnfilonn 909 adjusting lever 926 from position A, corresponding to stationary motor 616, to position B, corresponding to a first speed of the engine 616. At this time, the rope drums of the hoist are kept stationary by applying the disc brake, which is allowed by the slip clutches of the drums, even though the engine is running.

After a set time, e.g. 2 seconds, the lowering timer T6 closes its contact T62 to activate the switching solenoid É921 for the valve 920 in the brake control circuit to relieve the higher pressure force from the brake arms, while the low pressure solenoid of the valve 923 is activated by the lowering relay R125. After another interval, up to 20 seconds, the timer T6 closes its contact T63 to activate the solenoid QUU of the pneumatic valve QH3, which connects compressed air through the flow control valve 9N1 to the inner end of the cylinder 928, which is thereby moved in the housing 979. to the right according to Fig. 17 and adjusts the adjusting lever to the position for setting a second, higher speed of the lifting motor 616.

This acceleration of the hoist motor 616 to a higher speed occurs at the moment when the glass sheet at accelerated speed is to be passed through the reheating section for a temperature gradient to occur in the glass, as described in connection with Fig. 14. The acceleration occurs, for example, when the glass sheet is edge comes to the lower edge of the reheaters.

The plates 668 on the pliers beam 23 refract light beams to photocells (not shown), which are connected by couplings, which break the contact PE1 to turn off the lowering ring R12 and the lowering timer Tß, which immediately releases the contacts' R12h and T63 to disconnect the solenoids GHU and BH the double cylinder system 927, 978 and cause the valve 909 adjusting lever 926 to change to position A, so that the speed of the lifting motor returns to zero.

After a certain delay in order for the lift to decelerate, the contact T62 is broken and the brake disconnect solenoid 921 is disengaged. This causes the brake pressure to be reactivated again on the brake arms, so that the lift motor is braked when the lower edge of the glass plate comes to the support lugs 807 (Fig. 15), on which the glass plate rests. The contact T61 is broken 107 after a certain interval to deactivate the lowering solenoid 906, the motor 616 being stationary.

When the glass is heated in the furnace prior to insertion into the bending box for bending, a pressure switch SQU closes and feeds the solenoid 902 (Fig. 16) of the valve 901 for operating the scissor linkage control table 30 through the normally closed contact S201, so that pressure medium is led to the cylinder. : 8H9 lower end and the table 30 with the cooling tank 26 is raised to its upper position for receiving the hot curved glass sheet. When the tank 26 reaches its upper position, the contact S201 is broken, and the valve 901 maintains the pressure in the cylinder to keep the tank 26 in its raised position.

A few seconds after the lift motor 616 has been stopped and while the glass plate is cooling in the tank, a pressure switch S25 is actuated to activate the solenoid 903 of the valve '901 through the closed contact S202. In this case, pressure fluid is led to the upper end of the cylinder 8U9 for lowering the air horn 30, whereby the tempered glass sheet 856 remains in the nil 007, 808, when the cooling tank 26 is lowered. The contact S202 is broken when the tank reaches its lowest position, and the solenoid 903 becomes de-energized.

The glass plate now rests instead of 807, 808 and is still held by the pliers. To open the pliers, a release switch S26 is closed, whereby a solenoid 957 is connected and causes pressure means (not shown) in the shaft to be applied to the abutment plates 655 on the arms SSH to tension the ropes 681 and open all the pliers. The glass plate then assumes a stable resting position on the spot, the tips of the tong jaws are released from the upper edge portion of the plate and the pliers can be closed again, before they are lifted off the hoist.

The other pressure switch switch S27 is throttled in by means of the closed contact L RIUG of the pliers beam relay R10 to the lifting relay R11 and the lifting timer T7. The relay R11 is kept locked by its holding contact R113 and the timer T7 immediately closes the contact T71 for activating the valve 90U solenoid 905 and solenoid 958 for the bypass valve 910 in the lift motor supply circuit.

At the same time, the lifting relay R11 contact Rilü is closed to activate a solenoid 959, which lifts the carriage stop 2H2.

The relay contacts R115 and R116 are closed to activate the speed control solenoids 940 and SUN through the timer T7 switch contact T73, so that the switch lever 93? Is switched to the county C and the hoist motor G16 is accelerated. to its maximum speed, which is determined by the flow through the fully open valve 909 and the open bypass valve 910 connected in parallel therewith.

The tongs are thus quickly returned before the next glass plate is moved to the bending position between the bending tools, and when it comes close to the end of its upward movement, the lifting timer T7's contact T73 is broken to disengage the speed control solenoids QÄO and 944. The motor 616 decelerates to a speed of is determined by the bypass valve 910, and the upward movement of the tong beam continues at crawl speed.

The lift timer T7 has another contact T72, which> closes after a certain time to activate the brake release solenoid 921, which causes the valve 920 to relieve the higher pressure from the brake arms. At the same time, the zero contact solenoid 925 of the brake circuit is activated by the closed contact R127. The brake is completely switched off from the lifting motor 616 in this state.

During switch-on, the lifting relay R11 breaks its normally closed contact R111, and when the lifting limit switches S16 are broken, the tong beam relay R10 is switched off, the contact R102 is closed and the contact R103 is broken, so that the lifting frames 581 are lifted by the valves 887 and 892. . Furthermore, the contact R105 is also broken to switch off the lifting relay R11 and the lifting timer T7. After a certain delay, so that the motor 616 can unwind any slack in the lifting ropes and thus ensure that all ropes have run up evenly and at the same time and to ensure that the tensile stress exerted on the slip coupling of each drum is barely and evenly enough to the lines are to be wound synchronously, the contact T71 is broken. To disconnect the solenoids 905 and 958 for the valves in the motor circuit, so that the lifting motor 816 stops. At the same time, the contact T72 is broken to exert full force again on the disc brakes of the disc brakes.

When the pliers beam is raised to its upper position, the contacts S211 and S212 are closed to activate the solenoid 91U and open the pliers.

The described work sequence then starts again for the next glass sheet to be bent and asserted. 10 15 20 25 30 35 UU 7409450-9 H9 A substantially linear temperature gradient 1 can be generated in the height direction of the glass sheet in such a way that all the lower edge of the sheet becomes hotter than its upper edge, by lowering the sheet between the reheaters 27 with constant acceleration. The distance between the lower edges of the reheaters 27 and the upper sides of the cooling blast ladders 28 is at least equal to the height of the treated glass sheet, K so that each glass sheet can be brought to a constant speed before passing between the blasting drawers. Any heat loss along this distance can be compensated by arranging a secondary heating zone, which is kept at a temperature equal to the average temperature of the glass sheet when exiting the reheater section.

Some examples of operating modes are summarized in Tables VI, VII, VIII and X. Each example refers to a 60 cm high glass plate, which is lowered between 90 cm deep fields by reheater 27.

In each example, the upper edge of the glass sheet leaves the reheaters 27 at a speed of 30.5 cm / s. When the lower edge of the disc passes between the upper edges of the reheaters at a speed of 2.5 cm / s, the constant acceleration of the disc becomes 3.08 ~ cm / S2. When the insertion speed is 10.2 cm / s, the constant acceleration becomes 2.77 cm / sz. When the insertion speed is? 0, U cm / s, the constant acceleration becomes 1.73 cm / S2.

When the temperature of the reheaters is high, e.g. 160ÛoC, the glass plate should preferably move at a greater speed f between the reheaters. Some examples are given in Table VII. When the insertion speed is 30.5 cm / s, the constant acceleration becomes 9.3_cm / sz, and when the insertion speed is H5 cm / s, the constant acceleration becomes 5.3 cm / sg. Table VIII shows results obtained with glass cm thick and 61 cm high glass sheets. In order to reach a final velocity of 30,5 rpm, the constant acceleration from the specified feed rates shall have the values given in Table IX.

Similar results, obtained with U mm thick and 61 cm high glass sheets, are given in Table X. The values of the glass sheet's constant acceleration here are the same as given in connection with Table VIII. A linear temperature gradient can be obtained in the glass sheet by lowering the glass sheet with constant acceleration between reheaters, the height of which is less than the height of the glass sheet. 10 714191450-9 '5_0 Some examples of workflows for different glass thicknesses are summarized in the following Table XI. The values of the constant acceleration of the glass plate are * also Ilär the same as given in connection with 'Table VIII.

Table I Heater sections temp. Ilgnsmedeltemp. o ° o.

C L. eos. - '705 I 730 nu _700 725 750 730 720 7ll5 770 750 780 805 830 f 810' 71109-450-9 51 '_1'â13.f "_1 ___ 1L Glass thickness Bend- Temp. I efter- Glasetw Eftervärm- Sänk- temp. Värmarugnen end temp speed time mm OC _ OC -OC s cm / s 2.0 580 750 650 22 H, 1 2.0 620 750 630 3.0 30 2.0 620 750 680 25 3.5 2.0 580 1000 630 U , 0 23 2.0 580 1000 720 12.6 7.1 2.0 620, 1000 720 9.3 10 2.0 6202 ”1600 770 7.1 0 ns 3.0 580 750 630 20 0.5 3, 0 580 750 650 30 3 3.0_ B20 750 B30 5 18.3 3.0 620 750 680 35 2.5 3.0 580 1000 630 5.6 15.5 3.0 580 1000 720 17.3 5.3 3.0 620 1000 7:20 12.9 7.1 3.0 580 21600 630 1.3 71 3.0 580 1600 720 3.9 23 3.0 620 1600 720 _ 2.9 31.5 H, 0 580 750 630 26.3 3.6 11.0 070 750 010 0.1 10.5 H, 0 650 750 670 18 5.8 0.0 500 1000 030 7.2 12.7 U, 0 580 1000 720 22 ,? 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Claims (8)

7409450 '-9 El PATENTK§êy A method for curing glass, wherein a glass sheet is transported through a heating zone and into a coolant for rapid cooling of the glass sheet and wherein before the rapid cooling different areas are heated to different temperatures, characterized in that the leading edge of the sheet, which first enters contact with the coolant, before the rapid cooling is heated to a higher temperature than the trailing edge of the glass sheet. ' 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport speed of the glass sheet through the heating zone is varied in such a way that the leading edge of the sheet has a longer residence time in the heating zone than its trailing edge. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the glass sheet is lowered in a heating zone, the depth of which is greater than the height of the sheet, and then in a cooling zone located below the heating zone, and that a predetermined time after the upper edge of the sheet has entered the heating zone and while the disc is still in its entirety in the heating zone, the disc accelerates for insertion into the cooling zone, where the disc comes into contact with the coolant, whereby the lower edge of the disc is heated to a higher temperature than the upper edge before insertion into the coolant. 4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the disc is accelerated to the higher speed, when the lower edge of the disc arrives at the bottom of the heating zone. 5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass sheet is lowered through a heating zone, the depth of which is at least equal to the height of the sheet, that the glass sheet is kept stationary in this heating zone, that the temperature distribution in this zone is controlled so that the stationary the lower edge of the glass plate is heated to a higher temperature than the upper edge of the same, and the glass plate is then lowered into the coolant. 6. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the glass sheet is lowered through the heating zone under constant acceleration; Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the leading edge of the glass sheet is between 5 and 4000 hotter than the trailing edge of the sheet and that an approximately linear temperature gradient prevails from the leading edge of the sheet to its trailing edge. 8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the leading edge of the disc is 20 ° C warmer than the trailing edge thereof. [PUBLICATIONS MADE: us 3lr29n303 (es-3¿s)