SE204267C1

SE204267C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE204267C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1965-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: M Levecque och P Plot Prioritet begeird frem den 7 november 1957 (Frankrike) Foreliggande uppfinning hanfor sig till framstallningen av dukar, platter eller formstycken av fibrer av glas eller andra oorganiska och i varme mjuknande anmen, vilka fibrer aro sammanbundna, hopfiltade och forbundna inbOrdes till en sammanhangande produkt. Inventors: M Levecque and P Plot Priority filed November 7, 1957 (France). The present invention relates to the fabrication of cloths, plates or moldings of glass or other inorganic and heat-softening fibers, which fibers are bonded, felted and bonded together. was incorporated into a coherent product.

Uppfinningen avser ett ferfarande, som gar det mOjiigt att av en matta bestaende av sadana fibrer framstalla dukar, som under behandlingen praktiskt taget icke ha underptt flagon krympning I langdled och breddled, medan de ha blivit avsevart tunnare. The invention relates to a process which makes it possible to produce cloths made from a mat consisting of such fibers, which during the treatment have practically not undergone flake shrinkage in the longitudinal and lateral direction, while they have become considerably thinner.

Enligt ett kannetecken f8r detta forfarande utsatter man den som utgangsnaaterial anvan:da fibermattan for en hastig temperaturhojning, som verkar pa mattans sidor och medf5r en avsevard minskning an mattans tjocklek, varjamte mattan samtidigt utsattes for en draping, sa att den praktiskt taget icke utsattes for nagon krympning i Det har visat sig, att den hastiga temperaturlidjningen, for vilken fibermattan utsittes pa sina sidor, gOr det mojligt att uppna en ansevard minskning an tjockleken utan att man behover tillampa nagot tryck. According to one characteristic of this process, it is used as a starting material: since the fibrous mat is subjected to a rapid rise in temperature which acts on the sides of the mat and results in a considerable reduction in the thickness of the mat, the mat is simultaneously subjected to draping so that it is practically not exposed to some shrinkage in It has been found that the rapid temperature conduction for which the fiber mat is exposed on its sides makes it possible to achieve a considerable reduction in thickness without the need to apply any pressure.

Det har aven visat sig, att en matta av glasfibrer, eller andra liknande oorganiska fibrer, betraffande krympniugen under inverkan an en yarmebehandling, for vilken den utsattes enligt uppfiinningen, upptrader pa .ett speciellt satt, som g5r det m8jligt att erhalla tata produkter med vardefulla fysikaliska egenskaper, sarskilt betraffande den melea.niska hallfastheten, porositeten och ljud- och varmeisole7 ringen. It has also been found that a mat of glass fibers, or other similar inorganic fibers, subject to shrinkage under the influence of a heat treatment to which it is subjected according to the invention, appears in a special way which makes it possible to obtain tight products with valuable physical properties, in particular as regards the melanic strength, porosity and sound and heat insulation.

Med forfarandet enligt uppfinningen kan man av glasfibermattor med en medeldensitet Dupl. kl. 32 a: 37/10; 80 b: 9/02 an c :a 5 kg/cm3 erhalla dukar, vilka i huvud7 sak aro lika Maga som de som utgangsmate- rialmattorna, ehuru medekle.nsiteten är c:a 120 kg/m3. With the method according to the invention, fiberglass mats with a medium density Dupl. at 32 a: 37/10; 80 b: 9/02 an approx. 5 kg / cm3 obtain cloths, which are in essence 7 Maga as those as the starting material mats, although the average size is about 120 kg / m3.

Sarskilt vardefulla produkter kunna erhallas, om man utgar fran en matta bildad av minst tvk olika: glasfibertyper, vilka best& a.--7 material med samma sammansattning men olika mjukningstemperatur, varvid den enn fibertypen har avsevart lagre mjukningspunkt an den andra. Se I. e. svenska patentet 185017. Particularly valuable products can be obtained if one starts from a carpet formed of at least two different: fiberglass types, which consist of 7 materials with the same composition but different softening temperature, the one type of fiber having a considerably lower softening point than the other. See I. e. Swedish patent 185017.

- Man kan lampligen utga, frau en matta bestaende an fibrer ,med olika diameter och langd eller fibrer, som f8retradesyis aro anordnade en riktning i mattan. - It can be conveniently assumed from a carpet consisting of fibers, of different diameters and lengths, or fibers, which are arranged in a direction in the carpet.

Det har vidare visat .sig, att den hastiga tenik peraturhojningen vid mattans hagge sidor la.mpligen kan astadkomm.as medelst 'fling. It has further been found that the rapid increase in temperature at the sloping sides of the carpet can be accomplished by flaking.

Medan man pa grund an det behandlade ma.- terialets isolerande egenskaper skulle ha lain. nat vanta sig, att varmet skulle fortplantas dáligt in i materialet, erhaller man tvart om stark intrangning av varmet i fibermassan. ,Det varmeflOde, .soin den. behandlade ytan mottar, kan dessutom vara mycket h6gt och g5ra del mojligt att astadkomma yarmeehoeker, sa aft man far avsevarda temperaturgradienter inuti mattan och darmed en i vissa fall onskvard fordrojning an upphettningen an de hire delarna. Den successiva och hastiga intrangningen pa djupet I duken, som uppnas med odetba sin att overfora varme, gor det trots alit mojligt att i dukens .centrala son uppna den temperatur, som erfordras f Or agglomereringen. Denim successiva overforing an varme 2 till mattans inre delar gar det majligt att starkt hegransa mattans krympning i breddled. Delta salt att genomfora upphettningen gar det nadvandigt att undvika anvandning av en kontinuerlig stodyta for mattan. Det ar darfor nadvandigt att un:derstodja mattan med hjalp av stod, som aro sã. hegransade som mojlig,t loth fordelade med sa. stora mellanrum som mojligt, sã att flodet fran stralningsytorna hindras s. litet som mojligt. While on the basis of the insulating properties of the treated material would have lain. If it is not expected that the heat would propagate poorly into the material, on the contrary, a strong penetration of the heat into the fibrous mass is obtained. , The heat flow, .soin it. The treated surface receives can also be very high and make it possible to achieve warm angles, so that one gets considerable temperature gradients inside the carpet and thus in some cases a slight delay in the heating of the parts. The gradual and rapid intrusion into the depths of the canvas, which is achieved with its own ability to transfer heat, nevertheless makes it possible to reach the temperature required for agglomeration in the central son of the canvas. Denim's gradual transfer of heat 2 to the inner parts of the rug makes it possible to strongly scrutinize the shrinkage of the rug in width. Delta salt to carry out the heating makes it necessary to avoid the use of a continuous support surface for the carpet. It is therefore necessary to support the carpet with the help of a stand, which is so. hegransade as possible, t loth distributed with sa. large intervals as possible, so that the flow from the radiation surfaces is prevented as little as possible.

Den dragning, som utovas for att forhindra praktiskt taget varje krympning i langdled av mattan, kan lampligen astadkommas med samma medel som anvandas far kalandrering av duken vid slutet av varmebehandlingen av densamma. Det a" for detta an.damal tillrackligt att bringa kalandreringsvalsarna att rotera med en periferihastighet, som or nagot hog-re an den hastighet, med vilken den som utgfingsmaterial anvanda anattan infores och eventuellt nagot hogre an periferihastigheten for de stodrullar, som stadj a mattan under behandlingen. The tension exerted to prevent virtually any longitudinal shrinkage of the mat can be conveniently accomplished by the same means used for calendering the fabric at the end of the heat treatment thereof. For this purpose, it is sufficient to cause the calendering rollers to rotate at a peripheral speed which is slightly higher than the speed at which it is introduced as the starting material and is possibly slightly higher than the peripheral speed of the support rollers which support the mat. during treatment.

Enligt uppfinningen kan man aven underkasta dukens kanter en mycket svagare upphettning. En sadan upphettning medverkar till att minska idler forhindra krympning av du-ken i hreddled, ,ehuru den astadkommer en viss agglomerering och gOr kanterna sammanhangande. According to the invention, one can also subject the edges of the cloth to a much weaker heating. Such heating helps to reduce or prevent shrinkage of the fabric at the joint, although it achieves a certain agglomeration and makes the edges cohesive.

Enligt uppfinning underkastas duken efter formningen enligt oven en hastig avkylning vid uttradet fran kalandrarna. Den.na avkylning, som lampligen astacikommes med hjalp av ,straining, gar det majligt att momentant fixera produktens definitiva form. Denna kylming kan lampligen astadkommas: med hjalp av Iva lador, som are anordnade efter kalandreringsvalsarna och placerade pa var sin side om den behandlade produkten. According to the invention, after the molding according to the above, the cloth is subjected to a rapid cooling at the exit from the calenders. The cooling, which is aptly obtained with the aid of straining, makes it possible to momentarily fix the final shape of the product. This cooling can be conveniently accomplished with the aid of eleven barns, which are arranged after the calendering rollers and placed on opposite sides of the treated product.

Uppfinningen kommer i det foljande att beskrivas narmare med hanvisning till bifogade ritning, vilken. schematiskt visar en utfOringsform av en anordning enligt uppfinningen i axiellt vertikalsnitt. The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing, which. schematically shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention in axial vertical section.

Den visade anordningen omfattar en tunnelugn 1, .som under valvet och pa botten är for- Mattans vikt Mattans tjocklek vid intradet Mattans hastighet Mattans uppehallstid i ugnen Frigjord energi i ugnens forsta tredjedel Frigjord :energi I ugnens andra tredjedel Frigjord energi i ugnens tredje tredjedel Kalandervalsarnas temperatur sedd med elektriska motstand 2 och 2a. I ugnen finnas aven rullar 3 mad styrd rotation, pa vilka den fibermatta 4, som skall behandlas, passerar genom ugnen. Rullarnas 3 periferihastighet ar nagot mindre an dukens hastighet. Dessa rullar aro kylda. Be ha ringa diameter, exempelvis 20-30 man vid en langd. av 1,20: m. The device shown comprises a tunnel furnace 1, which under the vault and at the bottom is the weight of the mat The thickness of the mat at the entrance The speed of the mat The residence time of the mat The energy released in the first third of the oven Free: energy In the second third of the oven Free energy in the third third temperature seen with electrical resistors 2 and 2a. The oven also has 3 rollers with controlled rotation, on which the fiber mat 4 to be treated passes through the oven. The peripheral speed of the rollers is slightly less than the speed of the fabric. These rolls are chilled. Ask to have a small diameter, for example 20-30 men at a length. of 1.20: m.

Vid intradet i ugnen har mattan rstor tj ocklek och undergar, :eftersom den pa sina hagge sidor utsattes far en varmestratning, som alstras av varmeelementen, en hopsjunkning, .som är suceessiv °eh mycket hastig. Upon entering the furnace, the mat has a large thickness and undergrowth, since it is exposed on its sloping sides, a heat radiation generated by the heating elements causes a collapse which is successive and very rapid.

Vid ugnens uttradesande are anordnade kylda kalandreringsvalsar 5 och 5a, vilkas tryck mot den bildade duken kan regleras med hi alp av en lamplig regleringsanordning 6. Dessa valsar dra duken med sadan hastighet under frammatningen genom ugnen, att duken praktiskt taget icke krymper. Cooling calendering rollers 5 and 5a are arranged at the exit of the furnace, the pressure of which against the formed cloth can be regulated by means of a suitable regulating device 6. These rollers pull the cloth at such a speed during feeding through the furnace that the cloth practically does not shrink.

Omedelbart efter kalandreringsvalsarna 5 och 5a aro lador 7 och 7a anordnade pa var sin sida ern duken. Dessa lador genomstrammas av ett kylmedel och astadkomma en kraftig kylning av produkten genom straining. Efter kylladorna are anordnade valsar 8 och 8a, som aro drivna och draga fram duken. Dessa valsars periferihastighet Si nagot hogre an dukens hastighret. Med en lamplig anordning 9 kan man reglera dessa bagge matningsvalsars tryck. Immediately after the calendering rollers 5 and 5a, barns 7 and 7a are arranged on each side of the screen. These barns are tightened by a coolant and provide a powerful cooling of the product by straining. After the cooling barns are arranged rollers 8 and 8a, which are driven and pull out the cloth. Peripheral speed of these rollers is slightly higher than the speed of the fabric. With a suitable device 9, the pressure of these ram feed rollers can be regulated.

Avstandet mellan rullarna 3 varierar, sa att avstandet akar fran ugnens intradesande till dess uttradesande. Duken. kan understodj as pa farm stallen, alltefter som den her utsatts for varmets verkan och liar agglomererats. Denim placering av rullarna underlattar varmats inverkan, emedan stralningen hindras mindre. Det kam emellertid vara lampligt aft lam intili uttradesanden anordna en eller flera extra rullar 3a for att understodja duken battre innan den kommer in mellan kalandreringsvalsarna. The distance between the rollers 3 varies, so that the distance increases from the intradesign of the oven to its exit. The cloth. can be supported on the farm stall, as it has been exposed to the heat and has been agglomerated. Denim placement of the rollers facilitates the effect of the heat, because the radiation is less hindered. However, it may be appropriate for the exit sand to provide one or more additional rollers 3a to support the fabric better before it enters between the calendering rollers.

Med den ovan heskrivna anordningen bar man erhallit glasfiberdukar med utomordentlig kvalitet under foljande forhallanden: 400-700 g/m2 6-15 cm 2,5-4 m/min 20-40 s 34000 kcal/h/m2 42080 kcal/h/m2 30000 kcal/h/m2 c:a 500° C. 3 With the device described above, fiberglass cloths of excellent quality were obtained under the following conditions: 400-700 g / m2 6-15 cm 2.5-4 m / min 20-40 s 34000 kcal / h / m2 42080 kcal / h / m2 30000 kcal / h / m2 c: a 500 ° C. 3

Claims

Patent claim:

1. A process for the production of dults, plates or moldings of fibers of glass or other inorganic and heat-softening substances, characterized in that a fibrous mat used as a starting material is subjected to a rapid temperature rise which acts on the rear sides of the mat and which results in a separation. reduction of the thickness of the carpet, and that the carpet was simultaneously stretched for a pull, so that it practically does not shrink longitudinally.

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mat is subjected to a much weaker heating at the edges for reduction, or to prevent shrinkage in width.

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mat is composed of at least two different fiber types consisting of materials with the same composition although different softening temperatures.

4. A forlarancle according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that a mat consisting of fibers of different diameters and lengths is provided.

Device for carrying out the method according to patent claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a tunnel furnace (1), the arches and battens of which are provided with heating means (2, 2a), such as electrical resistance, rollers (3, 3a) for supporting a mat (4) during its treatment, calender rolls (5, 5a) acting on the product, such as a cloth, which is formed, and cooling means (7, 7a) arranged after the calender rolls (5, 5a) in the feed direction of the cloth for fixing of the shape of the product.

Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the batTulls (3, 3a) for the mat (4) are made of cooled rollers of small diameter and are arranged at an int: loted distance, which Okar from the intrades. .

Device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the calender rolls (5, 5a) are arranged to exert a tension which has the purpose of preventing longitudinal shrinkage.

Device according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that driving rollers (8, 8, a) are arranged after the cooling means (7, 7a).

Device according to any one of patent claims 5-8, characterized in that the cooling means (7, 7a) consist of cooled barns, which are arranged on opposite sides of the product formed. Request publications: Patentskrifter iron Sverige 146 210, 156517, 185017; USA 2 373 077.