SE200060C1

SE200060C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE200060C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1965-01-01

Description

PATENT PATENTTID FRAN DEN 11 3ANUARI 1957 BEVILJAT DEN 13 MA) 1965 PUBLICERAT DEN 30 NOVEMBER 196SVERIGE K LASS INTERNATIONELLSVENSK H 01 m21 b:25/01 PATENT- OCH REG1STRERINGSVERKET Ans. 270/1957 inkont den 11/1 1957 utlayd den 22/2 196 VARTA AG, HAGEN, FoRBUNDSREPUBLIKEN TYSKLAND Varaktigt gastRtt tillsluten ackmnulator med Ott sammanbyggda och extremt tunna elektroder och med alkalisk elektrolyt 1.7ppfinnare: F Philipp och W Tietze Prioritet begeird frcin den 11 janzzari 1956 (F6rbundsrepubliken Tyskland) Foreliggande uppfinning avser en varaktigt gastatt tillsluten ackumulator med tau sammanbyggda ()eh extremt tunna elektroder och rued alkalisk elektrolyt, vilken är fixerad i elektrodernas och separatorernas porer genom kapillarverkan, saint med separatorer, vilka aro ogenomtrangliga for de vid elektroderna upptradande gasblasorna. PATENT PATENT PERIOD FROM 11 3 JANUARY 1957 GRANTED ON 13 MAY 1965 PUBLISHED ON 30 NOVEMBER 196 SWEDEN CLASS INTERNATIONAL SWEDISH H 01 m21 b: 25/01 PATENT AND REGISTRATION AGENCY Ans. 270/1957 receipt on 11/1 1957 issued on 22/2 196 VARTA AG, HAGEN, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY Permanently gas-tight accumulator with eight integrated and extremely thin electrodes and with alkaline electrolyte 1.7 Inventor: F Philipp and W Tietze Priority requested janzzari 1956 (Federal Republic of Germany) The present invention relates to a permanently gas-tight accumulator with tau assembled () eh extremely thin electrodes and rued alkaline electrolyte, which is fixed in the pores of the electrodes and separators by capillary action, saint with separators which are impermeable to the emerging gas bubbles.

Enligt kanda forslag tillverkas gas tall tillslutna alkaliska ackumulatorer pa sa salt, all de negativa elektroderna erhalla st8rre kapaeitet an de positiva och att de negativa elektroderna vid tidpunkten for den gastata forslutningen ha hagre uppladdningsformaga an de positiva. For dessa ackumulatorer anvanz das separatorer med speciellt utforande eftersom de innehalla halrum, i vilka de under Itppladdningen utvecklade gaserna kunna uppsamlas, sa att de komma i kontakt med den mitt emot belagna elektroden :rued motsalt polaritet och uppsugas harigenom. Sum fOljd av de negativa elektrodernas storre uppladdningsformaga vid tidpunkten for ackumulatorernas gastata fOrslutning enligt dessa for-slag och som fOljd av kontakten mellan den utvecklade syrgasen ()eh de negativa elektrodernas aktiva massa i separatorernas halrum undertryekes utvecklingen av vatgas vid uppI ad dningen. According to known proposals, gas pits are made of closed alkaline accumulators on such salt, all the negative electrodes obtain greater capacity than the positive ones and that the negative electrodes at the time of the gas-tight closure have a better charging capacity than the positive ones. Separators of special design are used for these accumulators because they contain cavities in which the gases developed during charging can be collected so that they come into contact with the opposite electrode: rued opposite polarity and are thereby sucked up. As a result of the larger charge capacity of the negative electrodes at the time of the gas data closure of the accumulators according to these proposals and as a result of the contact between the evolved oxygen () and the active mass of the negative electrodes in the separators' holders, the evolution of water gas is suppressed during charging.

Under senare tid ha forslag gjorts, att avstä fran de negativa elektrodernas storre uppladdningsformaga vid tidpunkten fin- den gastitta tillslutningen av ackumulatorema. I delta fall fixeras genom kapillarverkan fullstandigt elektrolyten i elektrodernas och separatorernas parer, vilka fOr ovrigt Oro ogenomtrangliga for de vid elektroderna utvecklade gasblasorna, och genom denna fixering av elektrolyten bringas de delar av de negativa elektroder, som icke Oro tackta av separatorerna, i kontakt med det i ackumulatorn forefintliga av gas fyllda halrummet. »Gasabsorptionem sker pa sa salt, att den utvecklade syrgasen kommer i kontakt med de fritt liggande delarna av de negativa elektroderna, omvandlas har elektrokemiskt och pa grund av denim omvandling depolariserar den negativa elektroden, dvs. fOradlar dennas potential i sa hag grad, att en vatgasutveckling under uppladdningen omojliggares. Eftersom absorberingen av syrgasen sker med star hastighet eller med sarnma hastighet som syrgasen utvecklas i den positiva elektroden, har forefintligheten av en hi5gre uppladdningsformaga hos den negativa elektroden for undertryckning av syrgasutvecklingen blivit onodig. Recently, proposals have been made to refrain from the larger charging capacity of the negative electrodes at the time of the gas-tight closure of the accumulators. In some cases, by capillary action, the electrolyte is completely fixed in the pairs of electrodes and separators, which are otherwise impermeable to the gas bubbles developed at the electrodes, and by this fixation of the electrolyte, the parts of the negative electrodes which are not disturbed by the separators are brought into contact with the gas-filled cavity present in the accumulator. »The gas absorption takes place on such a salt that the evolved oxygen gas comes into contact with the exposed parts of the negative electrodes, is converted electrochemically and due to denim conversion the negative electrode depolarizes, ie. Reduces its potential to such an extent that the evolution of hydrogen gas during recharging is impossible. Since the absorption of the oxygen gas takes place at a high speed or at the same speed as the oxygen gas develops in the positive electrode, the presence of a higher charging shape of the negative electrode for suppressing the evolution of the oxygen gas has become unnecessary.

Forutsattningen fOr dessa aekumulatorers arbete ar, att kontaktytorna Indian den negativa elektroden och del i ackurnulatorn forefintliga gasrummet Or tillraekligt stort. For att ernO. detta har exernpelvis foreslagits att dela upp de negativa elektroderna i tva delelektroder, mellan vilka befinner sig ett gasfyllt mellanrum. En liknande effekt ernas aven darigenom, att delar av den negativa elektroden, I. ex. plattornas kanter, stracka sig langt in i gasrummet, varvid dessa delar pa plattorna lampligen Oro uppruggade flir att Oka kontaktytorna med gasen. The precondition for the work of these accumulators is that the contact surfaces of the negative electrode and part of the accumulator in the existing gas space are sufficiently large. To ernO. this has, for example, been proposed to divide the negative electrodes into two sub-electrodes, between which there is a gas-filled space. A similar effect is also obtained in that parts of the negative electrode, I. the edges of the plates, extend far into the gas space, whereby these parts of the plates are suitably roughened to increase the contact surfaces with the gas.

Dessa atgarder kunna anvandas vid de 'Janda ackumulatorerna med fick- eller sinterelektroder. De Oro emellertid icke anvandbara i de fall, da. elektroderna redan i forvag Oro mycket tunna och did& icke langre Oro del-barn. I fallet med tunna elektroder Or Oven kontaktytan av de i gasrummet inskjutande kanterna has de negativa elektroderna for ii-Len for for att kunna sakerstalla en snabb gas-absorption, som visades genom fOrs5k. These devices can be used with the 'Janda accumulators with pocket or sinter electrodes. However, the concerns are not applicable in cases where. the electrodes already in advance Oro very thin and did & no longer Oro part-child. In the case of thin electrodes Or Above the contact surface of the edges projecting into the gas space, the negative electrodes have ii-Len in order to be able to ensure a fast gas absorption, which was shown by fOrs5k.

Andamalet med foreliggande uppfinning Or 2— — darfor aft vid en aekumulator av det inledningsvis angivna slaget erna en tillracklig for-bathing av gasabsorptionen och att halla de i med dylika elektroder forsedda, gastatt tillslutna alkaliska ackumulatorerna upptradande invandiga tryek mycket laga, dvs. under 1 ato. The object of the present invention is therefore, in the case of an accumulator of the type indicated at the outset, a sufficient for-bathing of the gas absorption and to keep the internal pressures appearing with such electrodes enclosed in such electrodes very well, i.e. under 1 ato.

Detta uppnhs enligt uppfinningen darigenom, att de negativa elektroderna pa ena eller hada sidor aro forsedda med ett skikt av en por8s, elektrisk ledande och elektro-kemislit inaktiv kropp, vilken star i elektriskt ledande forbindelse med den negativa elektroden, icke innehaller nagon aktiv massa och darnr har dennas potential och vars halrum icke aro fyllda med elektrolyten och darfor stá i forbindelse med de i aekumulatorn forefintliga, av gas fyllda halrummen. This is achieved according to the invention in that the negative electrodes on one or both sides are provided with a layer of a porous, electrically conductive and electrochemically inactive body, which is in electrically conductive connection with the negative electrode, does not contain any active mass and darnr has its potential and whose cavities are not filled with the electrolyte and are therefore connected to the gas-filled cavities present in the accumulator.

Pa grund av porositeten hos de pa de negativa elektroderna liggande, metalliskt ledande kropparna och pa. gland av forbindelsen mellan dessas halrum och det i aekumulatorn forefintliga gasrummet bef inner sig den i ackumulatorn utveckla.de syrgasen i forhallandevis storytig kontakt Died en metallisk yta och samtidigt aven med ytdelar hos de negativa elektroderna. I denna stora yta sker sedan en med stor hastighet fOrlopande syrgasabsorption under depolarisering av den negativa elektroden. Pa grund av denna den negativa elektrodens depolarisering forhindras sedan ph i och for sig kant salt en vatgasutveekling vid uppladdningen. Due to the porosity of the metallically conductive bodies lying on the negative electrodes and on. Due to the connection between their cavities and the gas space present in the accumulator, the oxygen gas develops in the accumulator in relatively storylike contact. It has a metallic surface and at the same time also with surface parts of the negative electrodes. Oxygen absorption then proceeds at a high speed in this large area during depolarization of the negative electrode. Due to this depolarization of the negative electrode, the pH per se is then prevented from developing a hydrogen gas during charging.

Eftersom kontaktytorna mellan den porosa, metalliskt ledande kroppen och de negativa elektrodernas yta a ena sidan och gasrummet a. andra sidan enligt upDfinningen, saint has tigheten f8r syrgasabsorptionen Oro mycket stora, upptrada i de gastatt tillslutna, alkaliska ackumulatorerna enligt uppfinningen endast sma. overtryek. Since the contact surfaces between the porous, metallically conductive body and the surface of the negative electrodes on one side and the gas space on the other side according to the invention, the speed of oxygen absorption is very large, appearing in the gas-tight alkaline accumulators according to the invention only small. overprint.

De pori.isa, pa. de negativa elektroderna liggande, 'metalliskt ledande och dessa elektriskt ledande forbundna kropparna kunna besta av fOljande material i varje sarskilt fall: Stor- eller sanamaskig nickeltradsvav eller fornicklad metalltradvav enbart eller i forening med en annan stor- eller smamaskig liknande vav, sa att det finnes ett dubbelt lager av metallvav i detta fall. De pori.isa, pa. the negative electrodes lying around, 'metallically conductive' and these electrically conductive connected bodies may consist of the following materials in each particular case: Large or plain mesh nickel wire mesh or nickel-plated metal wire mesh alone or in conjunction with another large or small mesh similar mesh, so that there is a double layer of metal cloth in this case.

Strackmetall enbart eller i kombination med stor- eller smamaskig niekeltradsvav eller annan metalltradsvas. Alloy metal alone or in combination with large or small mesh nickel wire mesh or other metal wire vase.

Flor av metallull, varvid de enskilda fibrerna i vaven kunna vara sintrade till varandra vid kontaktstallena. Flower wool of metal wool, whereby the individual fibers in the fabric can be sintered to each other at the contact stalls.

Ph ytan metalliserat, porost eller perforerat, lutbestandigt, icke-ledande material, t. ex. fiberanmen eller plastfolier. Ph surface metallized, porous or perforated, lye-resistant, non-conductive material, e.g. fiber anmen or plastic foils.

En konabination av de under 1-4 anforda anordningarna. A combination of the devices required under 1-4.

Detta porosa, metalliska skikt ph den negativa elektroden anbringas enligt uppfinningen pa sa salt, att den tacker den negativa elektro- dens hela aktiva yta och Or elektriskt ledande forbunden med denna. De i acktimulatorn forefintliga separatorerna ligga pa. den negativa elektroden, vilken ph den ena eller hada sidor Or tackt ay den porosa metallkroppen. Denna sh konstruerade elektroolenhet kombineras sedan naturligtvis sa med det positiva elektrodsystemet, att de positiva elektroderna ligga ph det separationssystem, sorn tacker de negativa elektroderna samt den porasa metallkroppen. This porous metallic layer of the negative electrode is applied according to the invention to such a salt that it covers the entire active surface of the negative electrode and is electrically conductively connected thereto. The separators present in the accelerator are on. the negative electrode, which ph the one or hada sides Or thanks ay the porous metal body. This sh constructed electrode unit is then, of course, combined with the positive electrode system, so that the positive electrodes lie on the separation system, thanks to the negative electrodes and the porous metal body.

Upplindas nu den ph sadant salt konstruerade elektrodsatsen till en spole, farfares ph. sa salt, att den porOsa metallkroppen lindas upp sa.mtidigt med det negativa elektrodsystemet och omger .dessutom den fardiga elektrodspolen for att harigenom ytterligare Oka kontaktytan av den pa den negativa elektroden befintliga metallkroppen med gasrummet. 1 detta fall Or metallskiktets resp. skiktens kontaktyta ph de negativa elektroderna storre On de negativa elektrodernas yta. Delta all-manna fall utesluter dock icke, att den med den negativa elektroden fOrbundna metallkroppens resp. metallkropparnas totala yta under vissa omstandigheter Oven kan vara mindre On de negativa elektrodernas yta. Forutsattningen for en snabb gasabsorption i ackumulatorerna enligt uppfinningen Or, att elektrolyten halles fast ph i och fOr sig kant satt i elektrodernas och separatorernas porer genom kapillarkraft. Separatorerna Oro sh finporiga, att de yid elektroderna upptradande gasblasorna icke kunna tranga genom de vatskemattade separatorerna. If the pH such as salt constructed electrode set is now wound into a coil, the grandfather's ph. so salty that the porous metal body is wound simultaneously with the negative electrode system and also surrounds the finished electrode coil to thereby further increase the contact surface of the metal body present on the negative electrode with the gas space. In this case Or the metal layer resp. the contact surface of the layers ph the negative electrodes larger On the surface of the negative electrodes. In all general cases, however, it does not exclude that the metal body of the metal body connected to the negative electrode the total surface area of the metal bodies under certain conditions The surface of the negative electrodes may be smaller. The precondition for a rapid gas absorption in the accumulators according to the invention Or, that the electrolyte is held firmly in and for itself edge sat in the pores of the electrodes and separators by capillary force. The separators are of little concern that the gas bubbles appearing on the electrodes cannot penetrate through the water-fed separators.

Verkningssattet hos den nya negativa elektrodenheten, bestaende am det negativa elektrodsystemet med ett skikt ph ena eller pa hada sidor av en por8s, metalliskt ledande kropp beror i gastatt tillslutna alkaliska ackumulatorer ph den omstandigheten, att Oven yid extremt tunna elektroder det Or sorjt for en tillracklig stor beroringsyta mellan aekumulatorns pa den negativa potentialen belagna delar och gasrummet vid elektrodernas inbyggnad i tata skikt, vilket enligt hittills kanda forslag icke har varit mojligt. The mode of action of the new negative electrode assembly, consisting of the negative electrode system with a layer on one or both sides of a porous metal metallic conductive body, depends in gas-tight alkaline accumulators on the fact that even extremely thin electrodes are sufficient for a sufficient large contact area between the parts of the accumulator coated on the negative potential and the gas space during the installation of the electrodes in dense layers, which according to hitherto known proposals has not been possible.

Uppfinningens kannetecken fOrklaras under hanNisning till figurerna 1-9. Figurerna 1--7 forestalla olika utforingsformer ay de metalliskt ledande kroppar, som enligt uppfinningen ligga ph de negativa elektroderna deras ena sida eller pa. hada sidor. The features of the invention are explained with reference to Figures 1-9. Figures 1-7 represent different embodiments of the metallically conductive bodies which, according to the invention, lie on the negative electrodes on one side or on their side. had pages.

Fig. 1 visar en dylik kropp, som bestar av en metalltradsvav 1. Vid fig. 2. Or denna metalltradsvav 1 kombinerad med en rnetalltradsvav 2 med annan maskstorlek. Fig. 3 visar ett nat av strackmetall 3, medan fig. 4 aterger kombinationen av en strackmetallkropp 3 (StrackmetallkOrper) med en metallvav 4. Fig. 5 visar en ay metallull framstallt flor 5, mars enskilda fibrer kunna vara hopsintrade mid sina kontaktstallen. Fig. 6 visar ett nat. 6, som Or metalliserat pa ytan; mellan — —3 detta nats fibrer finnas halrum 7. Fig. 7 slutligen visar en perforerad, metalliserad plastfolle 8, vars yta är gen.ombruten av perforeringen 9 och därtill kan vara korrugerad. Fig. 1 shows such a body, which consists of a metal wire crank 1. In Fig. 2. This metal wire crank 1 is combined with a metal wire crank 2 with a different mesh size. Fig. 3 shows a strand of expanded metal 3, while Fig. 4 shows the combination of a expanded metal body 3 (expanded metal body) with a metal wrap 4. Fig. 5 shows an ay metal wool made of fleece 5, March individual fibers can be sintered together in their contact stalls. Fig. 6 shows a nat. 6, as Or metallized on the surface; between - —3 this night's fibers there are cavities 7. Fig. 7 finally shows a perforated, metallized plastic sheet 8, the surface of which is completely broken by the perforation 9 and can also be corrugated.

Konstruktionen av en elektrodsats enligt upplinningen framgar av fig. 8. Den negativa elektroden 10 tackes pa ena sidan av ett skikt av en poros metallkropp, vilken i detta utfOringsexempel hestar av 2 lager metalltradsnal 11 med olika maskvidd. Detta metallnat är ledande forbundet med den negativa elektroden. Pa bada sidor om den negativa elek-trodenheten, bestaende av negativ elektrod 10 och metallkropp 11 ãr den absorberande, icke ledande separatorn 12 anordnad medan de positiva elektroderna 13 ansluta sig till denna pa hada sidor. The construction of an electrode set according to the winding is shown in Fig. 8. The negative electrode 10 is thanked on one side by a layer of a porous metal body, which in this embodiment exemplifies 2 layers of metal wire needle 11 with different mesh sizes. This metallate is conductively connected to the negative electrode. On both sides of the negative electrode unit, consisting of negative electrode 10 and metal body 11, the absorbent, non-conductive separator 12 is arranged while the positive electrodes 13 connect to it on both sides.

Ett annat utforingsexempel visar fig. 9. I detta fall tackes den negativa elektroden 10 pa hada sidor av metallkroppar 11. Pa dessa aro separatorerna 12 och de positiva elektroderna 13 anordnade. Another embodiment shows Fig. 9. In this case, the negative electrode 10 is thanked on either side of metal bodies 11. On these the separators 12 and the positive electrodes 13 are arranged.

En spiralformat upplindad elektrodruIle med k5nnetecknen enligt uppfinningen visas i fig. 10. I detta fall an en kombinationskropp, bestaende av nickeltradsvav 14 och nat air strackmetall 15 anordnad anliggande mot ena sidan av den. negativa elektroden 16, sft att den antar dennas potential. Denna negativa elektrodenhet är medelst separatorer 17 skild fran de positiva elektroderna 18. Deana elektrodsats inmonteras i ett gas- och vatsketatt tillslutet hOlje. A helically wound electrode roll having the characteristics of the invention is shown in Fig. 10. In this case a combination body, consisting of nickel wire mesh 14 and natural expanded metal 15 arranged abutting against one side thereof. negative electrode 16, so that it assumes its potential. This negative electrode unit is separated by means of separators 17 from the positive electrodes 18. These electrode sets are mounted in a gas- and liquid-tight closed housing.

Elektroderna enligt uppfinningen kunna naturligivis aven skiktas tatt is15.11et for all lindas. Vilket elektrodutforande som kommer till anvandning i fOrening med de metalliska skikten pa de negativa elektroderna enligt uppfinningen, ãr titan betydelse. Pa samma siitt kunna aven sinterelektroder av tunnaste utforande eller bandelektroder, dvs. med aktiv massa genom pastrykning (Pastieren) eller smOrjning fyllda metallkroppar eller andra elektroder av kand typ anvandas. The electrodes according to the invention can of course also be layered with the ice 15.11et for all windings. Which electrode design is used in connection with the metallic layers of the negative electrodes according to the invention is of titanium importance. At the same time, sinter electrodes of the thinnest design or band electrodes, ie. with active mass by paste ironing (Pastieren) or lubrication filled metal bodies or other electrodes of kand type are used.

Claims

Patentanspra.k:

Permanently gas-tight closed accumulator with assembled and extremely thin electrodes and with alkaline electrolyte, which is fixed in the pores of the electrodes and separators by capillary action, and with separators which are impermeable to the gas bubbles appearing at the electrodes, characterized in that the negative electrodes on one or both sides are provided with a layer of a porous, electrically conductive and electrochemically inactive body, which is in electrically conductive connection with the negative electrode, does not contain any active mass and therefore has its potential and the March cavity is not filled with the electrolyte and dad & std in connection with the gas-filled hall spaces present in the accumulator.

2. An accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the portisa, metallically conductive bodies, which form the layer on one or both sides of the negative electrodes, consist of large or small-mesh nickel wire mesh resp. nickel-plated metal wire crank alone or of a combination of two cranks.

3. An accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous body, which forms the layer on one or both sides of the negative electrode, consists of expanded metal alone or in a combination of expanded metal with electrochemically inert metal tread on the surface.

4. An accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous body, which forms the layer on one or both sides of the negative electrode, consists of a layer of metal wool.

5. An accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous body, which forms the layer on one or both sides of the negative electrode, consists of a metallized, porous or perforated, lye-resistant, joke-conducting fiber.

Accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous body, which forms the layer ph one or both sides of the negative electrode, consists of a metallized, porous or perforated alkali-resistant plastic foil. Accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal bodies thank the negative electrodes in whole or in part. Accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the metallic bodies alone or in combination surround the entire electrode ice. Request publications: Patents from Sweden 157,098; France 1,088,498, 1,092,903.