SE192004C1

SE192004C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE192004C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1964-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: C H Johansson och I Olsson Foreliggande uppfinning avser en sprangkapsel med forhojd sakerhet gentemot oavsiktlig tandning. Inventors: C H Johansson and I Olsson The present invention relates to a detonator with increased safety against unintentional ignition.

For elektrisk tandning av sprangladdningar airvandas springkapslar, i vilka en gladtrad, som utifran kan tillforas elektrisk energi, ãr omgiven av en varmekanslig tandsats. Denna s. k. tandparla har till uppgift att i sin tur antanda en i kapselholjet innesluten sprangladdning, vilket eventuellt kan ske under formedling av en. s. k. fifirdrOjningssats. Tandparlan är i sin tur ansluten till fasta isolerade ledningstradar normalt av minst en meters langd. Ledningstradarnas fria andar anslutag fore skjutningen via en s. Ic landkabel till en tandapparat, frail -vilken man kan utl8sa den for tandning erforderliga strOmimpulsen. For electric ignition of explosive charges, air-tight capsules are used, in which a smooth line, from which electrical energy can be supplied, is surrounded by a heat-sensitive set of teeth. This so-called tooth pearl has the task of in turn igniting an explosive charge enclosed in the capsule housing, which can possibly take place during the formation of a. s. k. fifirdrOjningssats. The tooth pair is in turn connected to fixed insulated wires normally of at least one meter in length. The free spirits of the line wires are connected before the displacement via a s. Ic land cable to a dental apparatus, frail -which one can elicit the current pulse required for ignition.

Det her mu i praktiken visat sig, att strommar av tillracklig styrka for oavsiktlig landning av elsprangkapslar kunna uppsta. Detta kan orsakas av att ledningstradarnas fria andar komma i berthing med foremal, vilka sta under spanning, genom galvaniska element, strostrommar, askurladdningar, markstrommar m. m. En annan orsak kan att sprdngkapslarna utsattas for variabla elektromagnetiska falt, exempelvis harrorande fran kraftledningar eller radiosandare. In practice, it has been shown that currents of sufficient strength for unintentional landing of electric capsules can arise. This can be caused by the free spirits of the line wires coming into contact with objects, which are under voltage, through galvanic elements, orifice drums, ash discharges, ground drums, etc. Another reason may be that the detonators are exposed to variable electromagnetic fields, for example vibrating from power lines or radios.

Vissa av dessa spanningskallor, t. ex. galvaniska element och induktion fran kraftledningar, aro sa beskaffade, att deras inre resistans (RD är liten eller jamfOrbar med sprangkapselresistansen (R,). Spanningskallans EMK patrycker da sprangkapseln en strom, som begransas enbart eller till storsta defer' av sistnaranda resistans (11,). Om denna strom overstiger sprangkapselns minsta tandstrom (I.,„), intraffar tandning. AT sprangkapselns egenskaper inverka ants& i detta fall bade R. ochdvs. sprangkap- selns minsta tandspanning, som Or U=, R. • I.,., pa sakerheten. Some of these stress skulls, e.g. galvanic elements and induction of power lines, are of such a nature that their internal resistance (RD is small or comparable to the burst capsule resistance (R,). The EMF of the voltage head then presses the burst capsule a current, which is limited only or to the largest def 'of the latter resistance (11, If this current exceeds the minimum tooth current (I., „) of the detonator, ignition occurs. AT the properties of the detonator affect ants & in this case both R. and ie the detonator's minimum tooth voltage, as Or U =, R. • I.,. , on security.

Vissa andra orsaker till oavsiktlig tand ning, t. ex. potentialdifferenser i marken vid asknedslag, aro sh beskaffade, att deras inre resistans (R,) är mycket stor i forhallande till sprangkapselresistansen (R.). I detta fall är alltsa inverkan av IL forsumbar och endast I.,u är avgarande far sakerheten. Some other causes of accidental ignition, e.g. potential differences in the soil at ash impact, aro sh nature, that their internal resistance (R,) is very large in relation to the detonator resistance (R.). In this case, therefore, the influence of IL is negligible and only I., u is decisive father certainty.

Av ovanstaende framgar, att sa.dana sprangkapslar med forhold sakerhet, som tidigare Oro kanda, exempelvis genom tyska patentskriften 577 997 och som bygga pa, att en mycket hog resistans R. av storleksordningen 50-150 ohm kombineras med vanlig stromkanslighet, Imj c:a 0,2 ampere, ej liar forbattrad sakerhet gentemot sddana riskmoment som askurladdningar. Dessa sprangkapslar kunna vidare seriekopplas endast i mycket begransad omfattning, enar kravet pa. tandapparatens spanning blir for stort, c:a 500-1000 volt per 10 sprangkapslar. From the above it appears that such spring capsules with relative safety, as previously Oro kanda, for example through German patent specification 577 997 and which are based on the fact that a very high resistance R. of the order of 50-150 ohms is combined with ordinary current probability, Imj c: at 0.2 amps, does not improve safety against such risk factors as ash discharges. Furthermore, these jump caps can only be connected in series to a very limited extent, the requirement agrees. the voltage of the dental appliance becomes too large, about 500-1000 volts per 10 bounce capsules.

Da det i modern sprangteknik ar nodvandigt att kunna tanda avsevart fler sprangkapslar samtidigt, fOreslogs en annan typ av sprangkapsel med forhojd sakerbet genom tyska patentskriften 931 274. I denna utnyttjas spanningsberoende motstdnd for att hOja 11.-vardet. Harigenom blir spanningen for den 8nskade tandningen lagre an det minsta landstromsva..rde, som skyddar sprangkapseln mot oavsiktlig tandaing fran strtistrommar. Aven denna sprangkapsel bade emellertid vanlig stromkanslighet, dvs. Imjfl = 0,18 ampere, el att forvalda med det varde 0,8, ampere, som anges fOr att sfikert fo. avsiktlig tandning. Since in modern jumping technology it is necessary to be able to fire considerably more jumping capsules at the same time, another type of jumping capsule with increased workmanship was proposed through German patent specification 931 274. In this, voltage-dependent resistance is used to increase the 11th value. As a result, the voltage for the desired ignition is stored at the smallest shore current value, which protects the detonator against unintentional ignition from stray drums. However, this bounce capsule also had a normal current probability, ie. Imjfl = 0.18 amperes, or to be preselected with the value 0.8, amperes, which is stated to be safe fo. intentional toothing.

Pa senare Or bur pa marknadea introduce-rats sakerhetssprangkapslar, dam man i stallet framfor alit inriktat sig pa asksakerhet. Dessa sprangkapslar ha ett extrerat Mgt omkring 4,5 ampere. De kannetecknas vidare av, att de, i motsats till ovannamncla typer, ha lagre resistans R. an normalt. Delta heror pa att det b.aga I.1.-vardet är resultatet av en ovanligt grov glodtrad. Medan huvuddelen av resistansen, omkring 1 ohm, i kenventionella sprangkapslar vanligen ligger i 2— — glodtraden och endast en mindre del ligger i ledningstradarna, ha dessa sakerhetssprang- kapslar en glodtradsresistans av endast nagra hundradels ohm, medan ledningstradarna aro normala, dvs. under 1 ohm. Pa grund av det laga Rs-vardet blir U„„s-forhojningen mattlig, endast ett par volt, varfor vissa viktiga riskmoment, t. ex. de, som harrara Iran galvaniska element och inducerad strain, kunna sagas kvarsta. At a later date, safety jump capsules were introduced on the market, which instead focused on ash safety instead. These detonators have an extra Mgt about 4.5 amps. They can be further characterized by the fact that, in contrast to the above-mentioned types, they have a lower resistance R. than normal. Participate here that the b.aga I.1. value is the result of an unusually coarse glow line. While the majority of the resistance, about 1 ohm, in conventional jump caps is usually in the 2 - - filament line and only a small part is in the lead wires, these safety jump caps have a lead wire resistance of only a few hundredths of an ohm, while the lead wires are normal, ie. below 1 ohm. Due to the low Rs value, the U „„ s increase becomes moderate, only a couple of volts, for which certain important risk factors, e.g. those, which harrara Iran galvanic elements and induced strain, can be said to remain.

Den starsta nackdelen med ovannamnda sakerhetssprangkapsel torde dock vara det enormt Rade tfindenergibehovet. Med minskad stromkfinslighet foljer namligen en mycket brant okning av den s. k. tandimpulsen (Ks), dvs. erforderlig stromimpuls (( i2dt) for tandning. Denna liar for den beskrivna sprangkapseln okat till 1000 h 200 A2ms, medan den for normala sprangkapslar endast är 1 a. , A2ms. However, the main disadvantage of the above-mentioned safety spring capsule is probably the enormous need for energy. With reduced current sensitivity follows a very steep increase in the so-called tooth impulse (Ks), ie. required current pulse ((i2dt) for ignition. This liar for the described detonator is increased to 1000 h 200 A2ms, while for normal detonators it is only 1 a., A2ms.

Den enercrbimangd (W), som en tandapparat maste kunna avge for att tanda ett visst antal sprangkapslar (N), är i stora drag proportionell mot produkten av sprangkapslarnas tfindimpuls och resistans: W N • K, RsI. The amount of energy (W) that a dental appliance must be able to emit to ignite a certain number of detonators (N) is broadly proportional to the product of the detonation pulse and resistance of the detonators: W N • K, RsI.

Harav fOljer, att det betrfiffande de risk-moment, som krava Mgt Umis-varde, är myc- ket oekonomiskt att Oka Lis i stallet far Rs. It follows that, with regard to the risk factors that require a Mgt Umis value, it is very uneconomical for Oka Lis to have Rs instead.

Sammanfattningsvis kan sagas, att ingen av de tidigare kanda, ovan beskrivna typerna av sakerhetssprangkapslar, har god skydds- verkan gentemot alla forekommande riskmoment. De olika typerna arc snarast inriktade pa vissa olika risktyper. Vidare galler, att de aro daligt anpassade for den onskade tandningen, dvs. de ha dalig tfindekonomi. In summary, it can be said that none of the previously known types of safety jump capsules described above have a good protective effect against all occurring risk factors. The different types are rather focused on certain different types of risk. Furthermore, they are poorly adapted to the desired toothing, ie. de ha dalig tfindekonomi.

Det har nu visat sig, att man genom en speciell koxnbination av ovan hehandlade storheter,och R„ eller Om man sa viii och Umi, erhaller en Overraskande god verkningsgrad i fraga om vunnen sakerhet for viss Okning i erforderlig tandenergi, vilket fir andamalet med foreliggande uppfinning. It has now been found that by a special combination of the quantities discussed above, and R „or If one said viii and Umi, one obtains a Surprisingly good efficiency in the matter of gained certainty for certain Increase in required tooth energy, which fir the spirit of the present invention.

En sprangkapsel enligt uppfinningen kfinnetecknas salunda av att 1mm ar starre an 1 ampere i kombination med att R, är sa pass stort, t. ex. 3,5 ohm, att Umis är storre an 3,5 volt. A spring capsule according to the invention is thus characterized in that 1 mm is larger than 1 ampere in combination with the fact that R 1 is so large, e.g. 3.5 ohms, that Umis is larger than 3.5 volts.

Nedan skola hada dessa sidor, vunnen sakerhet respektive erforderlig energi for onskad tandning, klarIaggas med exempel. Below should have these sides, gained security and required energy for unwanted ignition, clarified with examples.

Enligt en. utforingsform av uppfinningen var I„,1„ = 1,3 A och Rs = 3,5 ohm, varav foljde att Umis = 4,5 V och L = 120, A2ms. According to a. embodiments of the invention were I 1, 1 '= 1.3 A and R 5 = 3.5 ohms, from which it followed that Umis = 4.5 V and L = 120, A

En. sadan sprangkapsel fir saker mot vanliga s. k. 4,5 volts ficklampsbatterier. Detta liar stor betydelse i praktiken, d det visat sig, att ett flertal dodsolyckor intraffat genom att sadana batterier oavsiktligt kommit i kontakt med elektriska sprangkapslar. One. such a bouncer for things against ordinary so-called 4.5 volt flashlight batteries. This is of great importance in practice, as it has been found that a number of fatal accidents have occurred as a result of such batteries inadvertently coming into contact with electrical detonators.

Den fir vidare pa grund av det hiiga vardet avsevart sakrare an vanliga normala sprangkapslar vid asknedslag intill sprangplatsen, men det bor betonas, att det betraffande denna risk inte finns nagon kand elsprangkapsel, som är helt saker. Due to the high value, it is considerably safer than ordinary normal bouncing capsules in the event of an ash impact next to the bouncing point, but it should be emphasized that with regard to this risk, there is no known bouncing cap, which is completely normal.

Da det galler den 8nskade tandningen med tandapparat, brukar man for att under faltmassiga forhallanden alltid fâ saker tandning infora en proportionalitetsfaktor av c:a 3 i ovannamnda samband 1., alltsa W Far tandning av exempelvis 100 skott fordra alltsa namnda sprangkapslar enligt uppfinningen W =3 • 100 3,5 - 120 • -3 Ws = 126 Ws. Since it is the desired ignition with a dental apparatus, in order to always have things to do under folding conditions, a proportionality factor of approx. 3 is usually introduced in the above-mentioned connection 1., i.e. W If ignition of, for example, 100 shots requires the above-mentioned spring capsules according to the invention W = 3 • 100 3.5 - 120 • -3 Ws = 126 Ws.

Delta bor jamforas med tidigare kanda sa.- kerhetssprangkapslar. Den. hogresistiva typen klarar fickIampsbatteriet, men. erbjuder ingen farbattrad sakerhet vid aska. Delta should be compared with previously known safety jump capsules. The. the high-resistivity type can handle the Iamps battery, however. offers no battered certainty at ash.

Den lagresistiva typen klarar mojligen ett 4,5 volts ficklampsbatteri men ej med sakerhet. Detta beror pa om batteriets hire spanningsfall fir tillrackligt. Den har daremot en kraftigt forbattrad a.sksakerhet. Samtidigt har den en avsevard nackdel i jamforelse med en sprangkapsel enligt uppfinningen, ndmli- gen det stora tandenergibehovet. Typiska data far en sadan lagresistiv sakerhetssprang- kapselc:a 4,5 A, Rs c:a 0,5 ohm, Umis c:a 2,3 V och K c:a 2000 A2ms. The storage resistive type may handle a 4.5 volt flashlight battery but not with safety. This depends on whether the battery's voltage drop is sufficient. It does, however, have a greatly improved a.sksakerhet. At the same time, it has a considerable disadvantage in comparison with a detonator according to the invention, namely the large need for dental energy. Typical data get such a layer-resistive safety jump capsule about 4.5 A, Rs about 0.5 ohms, Umis about 2.3 V and K about 2000 A2ms.

En 100-skottsapparat for denna sprangkapseltyp maste alltsa under samma farutsattningar som ovan kunna avge energin W — 3- 100- 0,5- 2000 - -2 Ws = 300 Ws. A 100-shot apparatus for this type of detonator must therefore be able to emit the energy W - 3 - 100 - 0.5 - 2000 - -2 Ws = 300 Ws under the same danger exposures as above.

Av denna jainforelse framgar tydligt den goda tekniska effekt, som uppfinningen medfor. From this introduction the good technical effect which the invention entails is clear.

Uppfinningens utfi5rande framgar av bifogade ritning. The embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawing.

Pa ritningen fir sprangkapselns hylsa betecknad med 1, medan den dari befintliga sprangladdningen generellt betecknats med 2. I sprangkapselhylsan 1 Or darja.mte innesluten tandparlan 3, som uppbares av Iva. anslutningsledare 4, vilka stracka sig ut genom forslutningens 5 i hylsans 1 ena ande och har en betydande fri langd, exempelvis en meter eller mera. Tandparlan 3 bestar av en varmekanslig tandsats, som omsluter en med Rs betecknad glodtrad. In the drawing, the spring capsule sleeve is denoted by 1, while the existing spring charge therein is generally denoted by 2. In the spring capsule sleeve 1 Or darja.mte enclosed tooth pair 3, which is supported by Iva. connection conductors 4, which extend out through the closure 5 in one end of the sleeve 1 and have a significant free length, for example one meter or more. The tooth pair 3 consists of a heat-sensitive tooth set, which encloses a filament denoted by Rs.

Enligt uppfinningen infores ett tillsatsmotstand Radd, som antingen, kan ha formen av en eller flera i sjalva sprarigkapselhylsan 1 inbyggda motstandskroppar, sasom antytts med 111 pa ritningen, eller ocksa kan besta av sprangkapselns anslutningsledare 1, vilka i sa f all kannetecknas ddrav, att deras diameter och ledarmaterial vid tillverkningen anpassas sh, att sprangkapslarnas totalresistans blir densamma oberoende av tradlfingden. Naturligtvis Or aven kombinationen av dessa — —3 bada mOjligheter att astadkomma tillsatsmotstandet Rdd mojliga. Sasom material i anslutningsledarna kan lampligen jam n eller massing ifragakomma. According to the invention, an additional resistor is introduced. Radd, which may either be in the form of one or more resistor bodies built into the sprue capsule sleeve 1 itself, as indicated by 111 in the drawing, or may also consist of the spring capsule connection conductor 1, which in such case may be diameter and conductor material during manufacture are adapted so that the total resistance of the jump capsules becomes the same regardless of the trawl finger. Of course, even the combination of these - —3 bath opportunities to achieve the additive resistance Rdd possible. As material in the connection conductors, jam or massing can hardly be considered.

Uppfinningen kan givetvis till5.mpas pa sa.- val moment- som kortintervall- och intervallsprangkapslar. The invention can of course be applied to both torque and short-range and interval jump capsules.

Claims

Patent claim:

1. Electric spring capsule with increased safety against accidental ignition, characterized by the fact that the filament intended for the initiation of the spring capsule's tooth pearl (Rd on edge) is challenged so that the minimum current that can cause ignition is stone an. 1 ampere, and that in combination therewith the total resistance of the detonator, above the free spirits of the conductor wires, Rs, is so adapted, for example 3.5 ohms, that the product of said current I, and said resistor Rs, i.e. the detonator's minimum tooth voltage Um, „, is stone an. 3.5 volts.

2. An electric spring capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that its total resistance is adapted to the desired value, e.g. 3.5 ohms, in that the filament wire (Rg) is connected in series with a resistor (R.d), which can consist either of only the wire wires or of these in series with a separate additive resistor (%). Request publications: Patents frein Germany 577 997, 937 274.