SE190889C1

SE190889C1 -

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Publication number: SE190889C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1964-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: K Sennewald, F Pohl, E Schallus, E Feldmeyer, G Peantek och H kallrath Prioritet begard pain den 24 december 1960 (Forbundsrepubliken Tyskland) FOreliggande uppfinning hanfor sig till ett salt att framstalla acetylen, eten, metan och vate genom spanning av kolvaten med hjalp av i elektrisk ljusbage upphettat vate. Inventors: K Sennewald, F Pohl, E Schallus, E Feldmeyer, G Peantek and H kallrath Priority begard pain December 24, 1960 (Federal Republic of Germany) The present invention relates to a salt for producing acetylene, ethylene, methane and vate by stretching the hydrocarbons. with the help of an electric candle bag heated cotton.

Ett stort antal forfaranden aro kanda, enligt vilka man spaltar kolvate med hj alp av en elektrisk ljusbage. Harvid ledes oftast kolvatet, som skall spaltas, genom ljusbagen eller framstalles den elektriska ljusbagen i flytande kolvate. Den elektriska ljusbagen brinner alltsa i en kolvateatmosfar. Det upp star harvid foljande forhallande: Vid tandning av ljusbagen bildas mellan elektroderna en urladdningsbana som bestar av joniserad gas, dvs. en bestamd procentsats av den genom ljusbagen forda gasen maste joniseras. For spaltning av kolvaten till acetylen och eten, som for-Riper i ett temperaturomrade av 900-1500° C, betyder detta, att betydande mangder av utgangskolvatet maste upphettas till temperaturer, som Oro 3- till 10 ganger den for den onskade reaktionen erforderliga temperaturen. Della leder till bildandet av stora mangder biprodukter, vilka minska utbytet, isynnerhet till bildandet av sot. Sotbildning är redan vid en begransning till de vaterikaste kolvatena, sasom metan och etan, fortfarande betydande. A large number of processes are known, according to which piston is split with the aid of an electric light bag. In this case, the carbonate, which is to be split, is usually passed through the candle bag or the electric candle bag is produced in a liquid carbonate. The electric candle bag thus burns in a hydrocarbon atmosphere. The following is the following: When the light bag is ignited, a discharge path is formed between the electrodes which consists of ionized gas, ie. a certain percentage of the gas passed through the candle bag must be ionized. For the decomposition of the hydrocarbons into acetylene and ethylene, which pre-ripens in a temperature range of 900-1500 ° C, this means that significant amounts of the starting carbonate must be heated to temperatures which are 3 to 10 times the temperature required for the desired reaction. . Della leads to the formation of large amounts of by-products, which reduce the yield, especially to the formation of soot. Soot formation, even at a restriction to the most water-rich hydrocarbons, such as methane and ethane, is still significant.

Det har vidare foreslagits, att man skulle upphetta vate i ljusbagen och med detta tillfora den for spanning av kolvatet ntidvandiga energin. Om harvid — som ar tekniskt variligt — blandningen av det varma vatet med kolvatet att spaltas utfOres sa, att i den axialt i blandningsresp. reaktionsrummet instrommande varma gasen av kolvatet, som skall spaltas, instrOmmar radian Iran en ring av munstycken, sa avlagras i bland- resp. reaktionsrummet kol, som efter kort tid omojliggor ett fortsattande av processen. Om man bortser lean en bestamd uppehallstid Dupl. kl. 23 b: 1/04 och avkyler omedelbart, sa undertryckes visserligen bildandet av sot, men omsattningsgraden är liten, koncentrationen av onskade produkter i spaltgasen lag och den specifika energiforbrukningen per kilo acetylen och eten motsvarande hog. It has further been suggested that water be heated in the candle bag and thereby supply the energy required for tensioning the hydrocarbon. If in this case - which is technically durable - the mixture of the hot water with the hydrocarbon to be split is carried out so that in it axially in the mixing response. the reaction chamber inflowing hot gas of the carbonate to be decomposed, the radian Iran enters a ring of nozzles, so deposited in mixed resp. the reaction chamber carbon, which after a short time makes it impossible to continue the process. If one ignores lean and a fixed residence time Dupl. at 23 b: 1/04 and cools immediately, so the formation of soot is suppressed, but the conversion rate is small, the concentration of desired products in the flue gas law and the specific energy consumption per kilogram of acetylene and ethylene corresponding to hog.

Det har nu visat sig, att vid kontinuerlig drift hoga kolvateomsattningar till acetylen och etylen kunna uppn'as vid lag specifik energiforbrukning darigenom, att man infor rent vate eller kolvatehaltigt vate i en ljusbagsbrannkammare pa det sattet, att en forsta delstrOm av vatet, som innehaller upp till 20 gramatomer kol i form av kolvaten, tangentiellt pa innervaggen hos ljusbagsbrannkammaren och en andra delstrOm av valet, som innehaller upp till 10 gramatomer kol i form av kolvaten, intryckas i ljusbage-brannkarnmaren likformigt omhOljande elektroderna langs desamma. Darvid upphettas de bada delstrommama, sa att de efter deras fOrenande vid lamnande av ljusbage-bra.nnkammaren och vid in-trade i reaktionsrummet uppvisa en energihalt mellan 2 och 7 kWh/Nm3. Detta hiiguppvarmda vate Wes med tvinning (mit Drall) tangentiellt vid den langst bort liggande anden av det till ljusbage-brannkammaren anslutande reaktionsrummet emot infOrt uppvarmt, gasformigt resp. overhettat gasformigt utgangs-kolvate och blan,das, varpâ reaktionsprodukten efter en reaktionstid av 0,5-20 10-3 sek, fOretradesvis 1-10 10-3 sek. pa i och for sig kant satt avkyles och upparbetas. It has now been found that in continuous operation high hydrocarbon conversions to acetylene and ethylene can be achieved at law specific energy consumption by introducing pure water or hydrocarbonaceous water into a light bag combustion chamber in such a way that a first partial stream of water containing up to 20 gram atoms of carbon in the form of the hydrocarbons, tangential to the inner wall of the candle bag fire chamber and a second substream of choice, containing up to 10 gram atoms of carbon in the form of the hydrocarbons, is pressed into the candle bag fire chamber uniformly enveloping the electrodes along the same. In this case, the two sub-drums are heated, so that after their combustion they have an energy content between 2 and 7 kWh / Nm3 when leaving the candle-baking chamber and when in-trade in the reaction chamber. This preheated vate Wes with twist (mit Drall) tangential to the farthest away spirit of the reaction chamber adjoining the candle baking chamber against infOrt heated, gaseous resp. superheated gaseous starting-carbonate and mixed, whereupon the reaction product after a reaction time of 0.5-20 10-3 sec, preferably 1-10 10-3 sec. per se edge sat cooled and worked up.

Sattet enligt uppfinningen kan, isynnerhet vid stiirre anlaggningar, aven genomforas pa det sattet, att den Iran ett fOrsta reaktionsrum uttradande varma reaktionsblandningen Wilkes ett likartat, likodigt till det forsta anordriat, omedel7 bart pa det forsta foljande, andra reaktionsnuri 2— — och i detta bringas samman med en ytterligare mangd av utgangskolvdte, som kemiskt kan avvika fran det i reaktionsrummet i fOrsta steget tillforda. Detta forlopp kan genom anvandning av ytterligare steg hterupprepas. The process according to the invention can, in particular in the case of larger plants, also be carried out in such a way that the hot reaction mixture of Wilkes gives Iran a first reaction space a similar, similar to the first arrangement, immediately on the first following, second reaction line 2— - and in this brought together with an additional amount of starting flask, which may chemically deviate from that supplied in the reaction chamber in the first step. This process can be repeated by using additional steps.

Spaltningsreaktionen kan foras till ett slut i ett efterreaktionsrum. The cleavage reaction can eventually be carried out in a post-reaction chamber.

Utbytet av acetylen och etylen kan okas hogst vasentligt genom en aterfOring av de vid spaltningen bildade biprodukterna sasom metan, etan, propen, buten, metylacetylen, monovinylacetylen, diacetylen och liknande till de enskilda stegen. The yield of acetylene and ethylene can be increased substantially by a return of the by-products formed in the cleavage such as methane, ethane, propylene, butene, methylacetylene, monovinylacetylene, diacetylene and the like to the individual steps.

Enligt en ytterligare utforingsform av sattet enligt fOreliggande uppfinning kan inf6randet av utgangskolvdtet genomforas i ett omedelbart fOre efterreaktionsrummet anordnat reaktionsrum pa det sattet, att en delmangd av detta utgangskolvdte avgrenas och infores tangentiellt omedelbart i efterreaktionsrummet. Denna atgard astadkommer en minskning av vdrmeforlust genom utstralning och ett bdttre utnyttjande av den anvanda varmeenergin. According to a further embodiment of the kit according to the present invention, the introduction of the starting flask can be carried out in a reaction chamber arranged immediately before the post-reaction space in such a way that a subset of this starting flask is branched off and introduced tangentially immediately into the post-reaction chamber. This action achieves a reduction in heat loss through radiation and a better utilization of the heat energy used.

Den per kilo insatt kolvdte anvanda elektriska energin uppgar ldmpligen till 2-7 kWh, foretrddesvis 2-5 kWh. The electrical energy used per kilogram of piston used is usually 2-7 kWh, preferably 2-5 kWh.

En anordning for ett genomforande av sattet enligt uppfinningen visas schematiskt av bifogade ritning, fig. 1, i langdgenomskarning for vdxelstromsdrift och av fig. 2 for likstromsdrift. Utforandet for likstromsdrift skiljer sig frail det for vaxelstrom avsedda vdsentligen endast ddrigenom, att tvi elektroder aro tillrackliga. An apparatus for carrying out the kit according to the invention is shown schematically in the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1, in longitudinal section for alternating current operation and in Fig. 2 for direct current operation. The design for direct current operation differs from the one intended for alternating current essentially only in that two electrodes are sufficient.

Anordningen for ett genomforande av shttet enligt uppfinningen bestar sdval for vaxelstromssom for likstrOmsdrift i huvudsak fOrst av en ljusbage-brannkammare, i vilken en ljusbage upprdtthdlles mellan de gastatt inforda elektroderna i en atmosfar av kontinuerligt infort vate. Det hOguppvarmda vatet strommar Iran ljusbagebrannkammaren in i ett anslutande reaktionsrum, I vilket det sammanf Ores med kolvdtet att spaltas. I ett till reaktionsrummet anslutande s. k. efterreaktionsrum Mires spaltningsreaktionen till sitt slut, varpa spaltprodukten avkyles och upparbetas. The device for carrying out the shield according to the invention consists of the selection of alternating current as for direct current operation mainly first of a light bag fire chamber, in which a light bag is maintained between the gas-inserted electrodes in an atmosphere of continuously introduced water. The highly heated water streams the Iran bakery fire chamber into an adjoining reaction chamber, in which it connects Ores with the flask to be split. In a so-called post-reaction room adjoining the reaction chamber, Mires cleavage reaction to its end, whereupon the cleavage product is cooled and worked up.

Fig. 1 visar elektroder 1, 2 och 3, mellan vilka elektriska ljusbdgar utbildas. De stracka sig utifran in i en ljusbage-brannkammare 4 och dro nagot snedstallda, s5. att deras axlar skara varandra i en gemensam punkt hos axeln has ljusbage-brannkammaren 4. Var och en av elektroderna 1, 2 och 3 Or for& genom en invandigt med axelparallella drag och fdltforsedd cylindrisk hylsa 5, som lamna en ringspalt 6 fri mellan dess urborrning och yttre ytan hos elektroden. Hylsorna 5 aro utat forsedda med en tat- ning 7 och med en anslutningsstuts 8 for inledande av vate. De dro gastdtt anordnade i ett lock 9, vilket tjdnar som Owe avslutning av ljusbAgebrannkammaren och Or forsett med isoleringsplattor 42 och 43. Fig. 1 shows electrodes 1, 2 and 3, between which electric light arcs are formed. They stretched out from the outside into a candle-baking fire chamber 4 and pulled somewhat obliquely, p5. that their axes intersect at a common point of the axis has the light baking fire chamber 4. Each of the electrodes 1, 2 and 3 is passed through an internally axially parallel feature and fully cylindrical sleeve 5, which leaves an annular gap 6 free between its bores. and the outer surface of the electrode. The sleeves 5 are externally provided with a seal 7 and with a connecting spout 8 for initiating cotton wool. They were arranged in a lid 9, which serves as the end of the arc fire chamber and provided with insulation plates 42 and 43.

Under taket 9 och centriskt med detsamma befinner sig en mellanring 10. Denna är forsedd med en ringkanal 11 och med ett i denna myn nande gastilledningsror 12. Mellanringen 10 har vidare en mittoppning 14, i vilken tangentialslitsar 13 mynna och bilda forbindningar mellan ringkanalen 11 och mittoppningen 14. Harigenom infOres ytterligare vate. Under the roof 9 and centrally therewith there is an intermediate ring 10. This is provided with an annular channel 11 and with a gas conduit 12 opening therein. The intermediate ring 10 further has a central opening 14, in which tangential slots 13 open and form connections between the annular channel 11 and the middle opening 14. This further infores vate.

Ljusbage-brdnnkammaren 4 Or en rotationssymmetrisk behallare med en hOgtemperaturbestdndig infodring 15 av t. ex. grafit. Denna behallare Or placerad i en andra behallare 16 av ett val vdrmeledande material, t. ex. koppar, som utvandigt är omgiven av en kylmantel 17 eller med kylror, i mitten av batten utformat stycksartat (18) och forseddd med en kylmantel 19 jamte till- och avledning (20 och 21). The candle baking chamber 4 Or a rotationally symmetrical container with a high temperature resistant liner 15 of e.g. graphite. This container Or is placed in a second container 16 of a choice of heat-conducting material, e.g. copper, which is externally surrounded by a cooling jacket 17 or with cooling pipes, in the middle of the bat is formed piecemeal (18) and provided with a cooling jacket 19 together with supply and discharge (20 and 21).

Ljusbage-brdnnkammaren 4 kan antingen vara utformad cylindriskt (fig. 1) eller sa, att den i diameter avsmalnar i riktning mot reaktionsrummet (fig. 2). The candle baking chamber 4 can either be designed cylindrically (Fig. 1) or be tapered in the direction of the reaction space (Fig. 2).

Till ljusbage-brdnnkammaren 4 ansluter sig ett reaktionsrum 22. Detsamma bestdr av ett av varme- och oxidationsbestandigt stal framstalld, upptill och nedtill oppen, behallare 22 i form av en stympad kon, vars storsta diameter ligger an 130 ljusbage-brd.nnkammaren. Pa den undre i diameter mindre dnden Or inarbetad en runtom lopande ranna 4.4, som Or forsedd med en tilled-fling 23. Genom denna tilledning 23 inf Ores tangentiellt det uppvarmda, resp. overhettade, utgangskolvdtet. Detsamma ror sig, foljande den genom vdggen utovade tvangsforningen, i en skruvlinje upp till ovre kanten has reaktionsrummet 22, vars innerdiameter Or storre On uttrd.desOppningen has ljusbage-brannkammaren 4. Kolvatestralen ombojes darfor vid detta stalle i huvudsak 180° och strommar sedan, blandad med en frau ljusbage-brannkammaren 4 uttradande het vdtestrale, av symmetriskal nedat i langdaxeln has reaktionsrummet 22. Eftersom det oppna tvarsnittet hos reaktionsrummet 22 neat avsmalnar, Onager stromningshastigheten hos reaktionsblandningen. Adjacent to the light baking chamber 4 is a reaction chamber 22. The same consists of a container 22 made of heat and oxidation resistant steel, open at the bottom and bottom, in the form of a truncated cone, the largest diameter of which is 130 of the baking chamber. On the lower diameter smaller end Or is incorporated a circumferential drain 4.4, which Or is provided with a supply flap 23. Through this supply 23 inf Ores tangentially the heated, resp. overheated, output flask. The same moves, following the forced lining exerted through the wall, in a helix up to the upper edge has the reaction chamber 22, the inner diameter of which is larger. The opening has the light bag fire chamber 4. The piston beam is therefore bent at this stall substantially 180 ° and then flows, mixed with a hot water jet emanating from a light baking fire chamber 4, of symmetrical scale down the long axis has the reaction space 22. Since the open cross section of the reaction space 22 does not taper, the flow rate of the reaction mixture.

En reaktion satter in mellan det varma vatet och utgangs-kolvatet vid de bada gasstrdlarnas sammantraffande, pagar under stromningen av reaktionsblandningen i ldngdaxeln has reaktionsrummet 22 och fores till slut i ett pd. reaktionsrummet 22 foljande efterreaktionsrum 24. A reaction intervenes between the hot water and the starting carbon at the convergence of the two gas jets, paginates during the flow of the reaction mixture in the longitudinal axis of the reaction chamber 22 and is finally fed into a pad. reaction space 22 following post-reaction space 24.

Reaktionsrummet 22 kan vara framstallt av en varme- och oxidationsbestandig jarnlegering, eftersom vaggtemperaturen under drift endast ligger 'Agra hundra grader C Over temperaturen has det intrddande utgangs-kolvdtet. Aven an- vandning av grafit har visat sig ldmplig p0 detta stalk, sdvida skydd anordnas mot tilltrade av yttre luft och att den hoguppvdrmda angan och asen i det inre varken innehfiller fritt eller bundet syre. The reaction chamber 22 may be made of a heat and oxidation resistant iron alloy, since the rocking temperature during operation is only 'Agra one hundred degrees C Above the temperature has the incoming starting piston. The use of graphite has also proved to be suitable for this stalk, insofar as protection is provided against the ingress of external air and that the highly heated vapor and ash in the interior do not contain free or bound oxygen.

Efterreaktionsrummet 24 bestar ldmpligen av ett grafitror 29, som Or omgivet med ett varme- isolerande skikt 25 och tillsammans med detta Or nedfort i en skyddsmantel 26 av metall. Luftens syre forhindras ddrigenom tilltrade till det under drift varma grafitroret. The post-reaction chamber 24 typically consists of a graphite tube 29, which is surrounded by a heat-insulating layer 25 and together with this is immersed in a protective jacket 26 of metal. The oxygen in the air is thereby prevented from entering the graphite tube, which is hot during operation.

Under utloppet has efterreaktionsrummet 24 - -3 är en anordning placerad for avkylning av uttradande varma reaktionsprodukter. Denna he-star i enklaste fallet av en anordning 27 med sprutmunstycken och med en kylmedeltilledning 28. Below the outlet has the post-reaction space 24 - -3, a device is placed for cooling emerging hot reaction products. This is in the simplest case of a device 27 with spray nozzles and with a coolant line 28.

Fig. 2 visar schematiskt i langdgenomskarning en ljusbage-brannkammare for likstrOmsdrift, vilken likash kan anvandas med i det fOreghende beskrivna, av reaktionsrum och efterreaktion bestaende anordning. En anod betecknas med 31 och en katod med 32. For ett erhallande av elektroderna och for stromtillfOrsel är har valt en annan utforingsform an enligt fig. 1. Pa var och en av de hada elektroderna är enligt fig. 2 en nedtill med langdslitsar fOrsedd och darmed fjaderanliggande inre hylsa paskjuten, pa vilken ocksh stromtillforsel genomfores med hjalp av anslutningsoron. Over denna inre hylsa dr en yttre hylsa 34 skruvad, som a sin sida ater är fastad i en nippel 41, som sitter i en hallare av isolermaterial 42 och 43. Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically in longitudinal section a light-back combustion chamber for direct current operation, which likash can be used with the device described above, consisting of reaction space and post-reaction. An anode is denoted by 31 and a cathode by 32. For obtaining the electrodes and for power supply, a different embodiment has been chosen according to Fig. 1. On each of the had electrodes, according to Fig. 2, a bottom with longitudinal slots is provided and thus the spring-inner inner sleeve is pushed on, on which also the power supply is carried out with the aid of the connecting means. A outer sleeve 34 is screwed over this inner sleeve, which in turn is fixed in a nipple 41, which is located in a holder of insulating material 42 and 43.

Den inre hylsan 33 dr fOrsedd med insvarvningar 35 och 38, sh. att vid Overskjuten yttre hylsa 34 tva ringkanaler bildas. Darav tjanar den ovre 35 f6r att upptaga ett kylmedel, som tillfores genom en tilledningsstuts 36 och avledes genom en avledningsstuts 37. Den undre ringkanalen 38 tjanar till upptagning och fordelning av vate, som infores genom en tillfOrselstuts 39. ringkanalen kommunicerar med de i den inre hylsan 33 inarbetade langdslitsarna, garanteras en likformig ferdelning av vatet Over elektrodens omfang. The inner sleeve 33 dr Provided with turns 35 and 38, sh. that at the protruding outer sleeve 34 two ring channels are formed. Of this, the upper 35 serves to receive a coolant which is supplied through a supply nozzle 36 and diverted through a discharge nozzle 37. The lower annular channel 38 serves to receive and distribute cotton which is introduced through a supply nozzle 39. The annular duct communicates with those in the inner sleeve 33 incorporated the longitudinal slits, a uniform distribution of the water is guaranteed over the circumference of the electrode.

De beskrivna genomforingarna kunna komma till anvandning pa samma satt som for likstrOm aven vid en- och flerfasanordningar. The described bushings can be used in the same way as for direct current also in single- and multiphase devices.

Exempel 1. 60 Nmo vate matades per timme i 3 lika stora strommar, omspolande grafitelektroderna 1, 2 och 3 av vardera 25 mm runt, in i ljusbagerummet 4. Vaggarna 15 hos detta ljusbagerum bestodo a-v grafit, som var omgivet av vattenkylning. For att minska varmeavergangen fran ljusbagzonen till grafitvaggarna infordes tangentiellt vid punkten 13 per timme ytterligare 35 Nm.3 va.te. Example 1. 60 Nmo vate was fed per hour in 3 equal currents, rewinding the graphite electrodes 1, 2 and 3 of 25 mm each around, into the light bakery room 4. The cradles 15 of this candle bakery consisted of a-v graphite, which was surrounded by water cooling. To reduce the heat transfer from the light back zone to the graphite cradles, a further 35 Nm.3 va.te was introduced tangentially at point 13 per hour.

Ljusbagen tandes genom sammanforande av elektroderna 1, 2 och 3. Under drift uppgick avstandet Indian elektroderna till 5-10 mm vid en spanning av 200 volt (matt som huvudspanning) och 450 ampere motsvarande en effekt av 260 kWh. Allteftersom elektroderna avbrandes eftermatades desamma. Under de angivna betingelserna uppgick elektrodavbrannan till 0,3 g C per fristalld kilovattimme. Reglering av elektrodmatningen skedde automatiskt via ljusbagens spanning. The light bag was ignited by joining electrodes 1, 2 and 3. During operation, the distance between the Indian electrodes was 5-10 mm at a voltage of 200 volts (matt as main voltage) and 450 amperes corresponding to an output of 260 kWh. As the electrodes burned off, they were reloaded. Under the specified conditions, the electrode burnout was 0.3 g C per kilowatt hour released. Regulation of the electrode supply took place automatically via the voltage of the light bag.

Vatet upphettades i ljusbagerummet och lamnade detta genom det vattenkylda kopparmun- stycket 17. Till detta anslot sig det nedat koniskt tillkommande blandnings- och reaktionsrummet 22, som var framstallt av Sicromal, ett varmebe- standigt material. I detta rum infordes tangentiellt vid punkten (23) 75 kg/h forangad lattbensin. Denna lattbensin inneholl 84 % C och 16 % H. Bensinangan lade sig farst som en spiral pa vaggen hos reaktionsrummet 22 och strOmmade emot valet. Den redan langtgaende reagerade gasblandningen nadde frau rummet 22 in i efterreaktionsrummet 24, vilket bestod av ett termiskt val isolerat grafitror av 160 mm langd. Gasen kyldes vid punkten 28 medelst insprutat vatten och na.chle efter ytterligare avkylning i ett bevattningstorn fram till matning i en gasometer. Det uppmattes 14,9 Nm2 torkad gas med fOljande genomsnittlig sammansattning. 8,25 Vol.-% CH, 0,2 » C21-16 0,9 » icke omsatt bensinkolvate 6,» C2114 0,6 s C21--16 14,2 » C2H2 0,7 » metylacetylen, allen och diacetylen 0,3 » bensen Rest vate Vid en totalomsfittning av 93 % hade 63,5 %, raknat ph insatt mangd bensin, omsatts till acetylen och eten. Eftersom joke omsatta kolvaten och propen kunde aterforas uppgick utbytet av acetylen och eten till c:a 70 viktprocent, raknat pa insatt mangd bensin. The water was heated in the candle baking chamber and paralyzed by the water-cooled copper nozzle 17. To this was added the downwardly conical mixing and reaction chamber 22, which was made of Sicromal, a heat-resistant material. In this room, 75 kg / h of evaporated light petrol was introduced tangentially at point (23). This light gasoline contained 84% C and 16% H. The gasoline vapor settled as a spiral on the cradle of the reaction chamber 22 and flowed against the choice. The already largely reacted gas mixture reached from the room 22 into the post-reaction room 24, which consisted of a thermally selected insulated graphite tube of 160 mm length. The gas was cooled at point 28 by means of injected water and na.chle after further cooling in an irrigation tower until feeding into a gasometer. 14.9 Nm2 of dried gas was measured with the following average composition. 8.25 Vol.% CH, 0.2 »C21-16 0.9» unreacted gasoline carbonate 6, »C2114 0.6 s C21--16 14.2» C2H2 0.7 »methylacetylene, allene and diacetylene 0 , 3 »benzene Rest vate At a total conversion of 93%, 63.5%, shaved ph, the amount of petrol used had been converted to acetylene and ethylene. Since joke-converted hydrocarbons and propylene could be recycled, the yield of acetylene and ethylene amounted to about 70% by weight, based on the amount of gasoline used.

Sot och tjara uppgingo till 0,15 %, raknat pa insatt bensinmangd. Sweet and tar amounted to 0.15%, based on the amount of petrol used.

Per kilo bensinsats erholls vidare 0,21 NmsCH, och 0,5 Nm3H2. Per kilo of petrol input, 0.21 NmsCH and 0.5 Nm3H2 were further obtained.

Om den bildade acetylenen belastas med den totalt anvanda energimangden for spaltningen, sa erholls en specifik energifOrbrukning av 8,0 kWh per kilo acetylen. Beraknat pa acetylen och eten uppgick energiforbrukningen till 5,4 kWh per kg acetylen och eten. If the acetylene formed is loaded with the total amount of energy used for the decomposition, then a specific energy consumption of 8.0 kWh per kilo of acetylene is obtained. Calculated on acetylene and ethylene, energy consumption amounted to 5.4 kWh per kg acetylene and ethylene.

Exempel 2. I en anordning motsvarande den i exempel 1 upphettade 370 Nm21-I2 medelst en ljusbage med en kapacitet av 1100 kW och blandades, sedan vatet lamnat urladdningszonen, med 565 kg lattbensin med en kokslutpunkt av 110° C. Example 2. In a device corresponding to the heated 370 Nm21-I2 in Example 1 by means of a light bag with a capacity of 1100 kW and mixed, after the water has left the discharge zone, with 565 kg of slow-running petrol with a boiling point of 110 ° C.

Man erh011 896 Nms torkad spaltgas av foljande sammansattning: 7,5 Vol.-% CH, 0,3»C21-16 13,5 » C2H2 7,7C2H4 1,C3H, 0,3C6F-12 1,17hogre acetylener 7,0»mattade kolvaten Rest vate. There is obtained 011 896 Nms of dried flue gas of the following composition: 7.5 Vol.% CH, 0.3 »C21-16 13.5» C2H2 7.7C2H4 1, C3H, 0.3C6F-12 1.17 higher acetylenes 7.0 »Matte pistons Rest vate.

Den specifika energifOrbrukningen per kg acetylen uppgick till 7,8 kWh, resp. 4,8 kWh per kg acetylen och etylen. The specific energy consumption per kg of acetylene amounted to 7.8 kWh, resp. 4.8 kWh per kg acetylene and ethylene.

Exempel 3. Medan i exempel 1 beskrivna anordningen uppvarmdes en blandning av 83,5 Nm3/h vale och 7 Nm3/h metan genom ljusbagen, som uppvisade en effekt av 316 kW och sedan blandningen lamnat ljusbagerummet blandades densamma med 66 kg Lattbensin. 4- - Man erholl 191,3 Nma/h torr spaltgas med foljande sammansattning: 7,62 Vol.-% CH4 0,1 » C,H, 5,0C2H4 16,8C211 0,18C ,H, 0,83metylacetylen, alien och di- acetylen 0,3bensen Rest vate. Example 3. While in the apparatus described in Example 1, a mixture of 83.5 Nm 3 / h of whale and 7 Nm 3 / h of methane was heated by the candle bag, which had an output of 316 kW, and after the mixture left the candle bakery, it was mixed with 66 kg of Lat gasoline. 4- - 191.3 Nma / h dry decomposition gas with the following composition were obtained: 7.62 Vol.% CH4 0.1 ° C, H, 5.0C2H4 16.8C211 0.18C, H, 0.83methylacetylene, alien and diacetylene 0.3benzene Residual vate.

Vid en totalomsattning av 100 % uppgick omsattningen av acetylen och eten till 70 viktprocent. At a total turnover of 100%, the turnover of acetylene and ethylene amounted to 70% by weight.

Den specifika energiforbrukningen per kg acetylen uppgick till 8,4 kWh/kg, resp. 6,4 kWh/kg acetylen och eten. The specific energy consumption per kg of acetylene amounted to 8.4 kWh / kg, resp. 6.4 kWh / kg acetylene and ethylene.

Exempel 4. Den i exemplen 1 och 2 anvanda anordningen utnyttjades for att uppvarma 95 Nm3 vate i en ljusbage med 276 kW effekt. Sedan det beta valet lamnat ljusbagerummet blandades desamma med 70 kg lattbensin/monovinylacetylen-blandning, vilken inneholl 23 viktprocent monovinylacetylen. Example 4. The device used in Examples 1 and 2 was used to heat 95 Nm3 of hydrogen in a light bag with 276 kW power. After the beta choice left the light bakery, they were mixed with 70 kg of light gasoline / monovinylacetylene mixture, which contained 23% by weight of monovinylacetylene.

Man erholl 177,4 Nm3 spaltgas (torr) med foljande sammansattning: 6,28 Vol.-% CH, 0,1»C21-16 0,3»icke omsatt bensinkolvate 4,42C2I-i4 0,C31-16 16,48 >> C2H, 1,18metylacetylen, alien och di- acetylen 0,4bensen Rest vate Den specifika energin uppgick till 8,1 kWh/kg acetylen, resp. 6,3 kWh/kg acetylen och eten. 177.4 Nm3 of liquefied petroleum gas (dry) were obtained with the following composition: 6.28 Vol.% CH, 0.1 »C21-16 0.3» unreacted petrol carbonate 4.42C2I-i4 0, C31-16 16.48 >> C2H, 1,18methylacetylene, alien and diacetylene 0.4benzene Residual vate The specific energy amounted to 8.1 kWh / kg acetylene, resp. 6.3 kWh / kg acetylene and ethylene.

Exempel 5. I en anordning liknande den i exempel 1 uppvarmdes 700 Nm3H2 genom en ljusbage med en effekt av 1870 kW och sedan vatet lamnat ljusbage-brannliammaren blandades detsamma i reaktionsrummet med 725 kg lattbensin med en slutkokpunkt av 110° C. Efterreaktionsrummet bestod av en grafitcylinder, vars inre vaggar bespolades genom en tangentiellt in-ford och skruvformigt neat Mord extra angstrom, som bestod av 100 kg bensinanga. Example 5. In a device similar to that of Example 1, 700 Nm 3 H 2 was heated through a candlestick with an output of 1870 kW and after the water left the candlestick fire slurry it was mixed in the reaction chamber with 725 kg of slow gasoline with a final boiling point of 110 ° C. graphite cylinder, the inner cradles of which were flushed by a tangential in-ford and helical neat Mord extra angstrom, which consisted of 100 kg of petrol vapor.

Man erlibll 1547 Nina ton spaltgas med jande sammansattning: 12,9 Vol.-% acetylen 8,»Eten 1,prop en 8,» metan 1,» hogre acetylener 0,31 » bensen 3,88 » mattade kolvaten Rest vate Den specifika energiforbrukningen per kg acetylen uppgick till 8,0 kWh, resp. 4,7 kWh per kg acetylen och eten. Nine tons of flue gas with the same composition were obtained in 1547: 12.9 Vol. energy consumption per kg of acetylene amounted to 8.0 kWh, resp. 4.7 kWh per kg acetylene and ethylene.

Claims

Patent claim:

1. Set to split the hydrocarbons by means of an electric light bag, characterized in that a first substream of pure or carbonaceous vale is introduced at the tier edge of the burner zone of the candle bag tangentially in it and a second substream of pure or carbonate containing Tate, which uniformly envelops The electrodes, along them, are inserted into the fire zone of the candle bag, after which in case of burning candle the heated water in a reaction zone adjoining the candle bag fire zone is combined with a gaseous or vaporous exit piston, which is inserted tangentially at the farthest part of the reaction zone. direction of the inlet stall for the heated water, after which the heated mixture present in the reaction in the opposite direction to the main direction of movement of the introduced hydrocarbon along the central axis of the rotationally symmetrical reaction zone with increasing flow rate is pressed into a post-reaction zone. and that after completion of the reaction the cleavage product is cooled and processed at the exit from the latter reaction zone per se edge salt.

2. According to claim 1, it is claimed that the water in the light baking fire zone is supplied with an energy amount between 2 and 7 kWh per Nina, preferably 2-5 kWh / Nm 3.

3. Set according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reaction time in the reaction and post-reaction zones is adjusted to 0.5 .10-3 to 20 .10-3 sec, preferably to 1 • 10-3 to 10 .10-3 sec .

4. According to one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that the water introduced tangentially into the light bag fire zone contains up to 20 gram atoms of carbon per Nina gas in the form of the carbonate, while along the electrode it enters the light bag fire zone. contains up to 10 gram atoms of carbon in the form of hydrocarbons.

5. Set according to patent claims 1-4, characterized in that the starting piston is preheated, e.g. overhettas.

6. Set according to patent claims 1-5, characterized in that a gaseous and liquid by-product formed during work-up of the reaction product is fed back to the decomposition process.

7. A kit according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the heated reaction mixture flowing out of the first reaction zone is introduced in the axial direction into a second similar reaction zone and in this is combined with a further amount of starting piston, this piston may be chemically different. from the carbonate introduced into the preceding zone, whereby these operations can be repeated in several successive steps.

8. Set according to claims 1-7, characterized in that of the starting carbon, which is also a final, post-reaction zone immediately preceding, reaction zone, a subset is branched off and introduced tangentially into the post-reaction zone. - -

9. Apparatus for carrying out the set according to claims 1-8, characterized in that it consists of units arranged on axially one on top of the other, namely: a circular cylindrical or tapering downwards, provided with a cooling jacket (17), at the top by a lid (9 ) closed and with holders and re-entry openings for electrodes (1, 2 and 3), candle baking chamber (4), an adjoining reaction chamber (22) connected thereto, the larger diameter of which is water towards the candle baking chamber (4) and a post-reaction chamber (24) with drip-following cooling product for reaction product, the candle-burning fire chamber (4) being provided with vacuum lines (8, 12 and 39) and the reaction chamber (22) on the frail candle-baking fire chamber (4) being dewatered (removed). Or provided with leads (23) for the starting piston.

Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that one or more similar reaction chambers are coaxially connected to the first reaction chamber (22), the outflow side of the preceding reaction chamber having the smaller inner diameter being connected to the side of the following reaction chamber has a larger hire diameter and that each reaction chamber is provided with its own feed for the starting flask or flasks.

Device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that each of the electrode holders inserted in the through-hole openings of the block (9) consists of a nipple (41) inserted in the through-hole opening, of an inner sleeve projecting into the denim nipple (41). (33), as Or provided with: on the front and on electrodes (31, 32) abutting duct with longitudinal slots, in the middle with an electrode diameter exceeding hire diameter, on the rear duct with a connecting tube (30) for current conduction and on the outermost circumference with two circumferential annular channels (35, 38), one of which (38) communicates with the longitudinal slots of the inner sleeve (33), and of one inscribed in the nipple (41), with supply and discharge (36, 37) for a coolant and supply (39) for vategas fitted outer sleeve (34).

Device according to patent claims 9-11, characterized in & rayon, that an intermediate ring (10) inserted between the lid (9) and the bake oven fire chamber (4) as well as an intermediate ring (10) respectively inserted between the bake oven fire chamber (4) and the reaction chamber (22). bottom part (18) of this arc combustion chamber (4) is provided with annular ducts (11, 19), one annular duct (11) being provided with water gas ducts (12) and tangential outflow openings (13) and that the other annular duct (19) serves for the transport of a refrigerant.

Device according to patent claims 9-12, characterized in that a flange of the reaction chamber (22), resp. the intermediate ring (10) inserted between the reaction space (22) and the post-reaction space (24) is provided with an annular channel with tangential outflow openings (44) and a supply line (23) for the carbonate.

Device according to claims 9-13, characterized in that the circular-cylindrical post-reaction space (24) contains a heat-resistant impression (29), which Or is surrounded by a heat-insulating layer (25). Request publications: