SE190832C1

SE190832C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE190832C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1964-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: W W Carlton och H N Burnham FOreliggande uppfinning hanfor sig till variabla konvergentdivergenta gasmunstycken, sarskilt variabla utloppsmunstycken for reaktionsmotorer for flygplan. Inventors: W W Carlton and H N Burnham The present invention relates to variable convergent divergent gas nozzles, in particular variable outlet nozzles for aircraft reaction engines.

IS/id konstruktion av utloppsmunstycken avsedda att anvandas vid reaktionsmotorer for flygplan är det ett flertal for gasmunstycken karakteristiska aerodynamiska forlallanden, som maste tas med i berakningen. En av dessa hanfor sig till munstyckets halsarea, vilken kan definieras som munstyckets minsta tvarsnittsarea. Munstyckets halsearea är bestammande for den storsta masstrOm av arbetsmedium, som vid givet tryckforhallande over munstyckshalsen och given temperatur kan passera genom munstycket. In the design of exhaust nozzles intended for use in reaction engines for aircraft, a number of aerodynamic displacements characteristic of gas nozzles must be taken into account. One of these refers to the neck area of the nozzle, which can be defined as the smallest cross-sectional area of the nozzle. The neck area of the nozzle determines the largest mass flow of working medium, which at a given pressure ratio over the nozzle neck and a given temperature can pass through the nozzle.

Det stOrsta tryckforhallande, som kan uppnas over ett munstyckes halsparti, benamnes det pkritiska tryckforhallandet» for munstycket. Detta kritiska tryckforhallande uppstar, da arbetsmediets str8mningshastighet genom halsen uppnar ljudets hastighet i det genom munstycket pas serande arbetsmediet. Varje ytterligare stegring av arbetsmediets tryck medfOr endast, att utloppsgasen pa utloppssidan om halsen expanderar till omgivningens atmosfarstryck, medan tryckfOrhallandet over halsen bibehalles vid det kritiska vardet. Det inses, att ‘masstrOmmen av arbetsmedium genom munstycket, sedan munstyckshalsens kritiska tryckforhallande uppratts och 8verskrides, blir en funktion enbart av utloppsgasens tryck och temperatur ,samt. halsarean. DarfOr Or det i manga fall nadvandigt, saxskilt vid motorer, som Oro fOrsedda med sarskilda anordningar for dragkraftsokning, att forse motorn med en anordning for variering .av utloppsmunstyckets halsarea i syfte att med god verimingsgrad kunna anpassa motorns drift till de olika stora .masstromsvarden och gastillstand, som upptrada morn onhalet for motorns varierande drifttillstand, dvs. mm-torus arbetsomrade. The largest pressure ratio that can be achieved over the neck portion of a nozzle is called the critical pressure ratio for the nozzle. This critical pressure ratio arises when the flow rate of the working medium through the neck reaches the speed of sound in the working medium passing through the nozzle. Any further increase in the pressure of the working medium only means that the exhaust gas on the outlet side around the neck expands to the atmospheric pressure of the surroundings, while the pressure ratio over the neck is maintained at the critical value. It will be appreciated that the 'mass flow of working medium through the nozzle, after the critical pressure ratio of the nozzle neck has been established and exceeded, becomes a function only of the pressure and temperature of the exhaust gas, and. neck area. It is therefore in many cases necessary, especially in the case of motors, such as Oro provided with special devices for traction, to provide the motor with a device for varying the neck area of the outlet nozzle in order to be able to adapt the motor operation to the various large .mass current values. gas condition, which occurred morn onhalet for the engine's varying operating condition, ie. mm-torus work area.

FOr att erhalla nyttig dragkraft av arbetsgas, vars tryck vida dverstiger det kritiska forhallandet, exempelvis vid gasturbinmotorer konstruerade for overljudhastigheter, har det numera blivit praxis att anordna en divergent munstyckskanal pa utloppssidan em munstyckshalsen. Munstycken av denna typ benamnas generellt 1.convergent-divergenta» munstycken, i det att munstyckskanalen Or sa utformad, att den i arbetsmediets stromriktning sett forst konvergerar radiellt inat till ett halsparti och efter detta diivergerar radiellt utat till en utloppsmynning. Ett dylikt munstycke kan astadkomma nyttig dragkraft genom den fullstandiga expansionen av arbetsgasen frail ett tryck overstigande det kritiska tryckforhallandet och anda ned till omgivningsluftens tryck. Tryckoverskottet omvandlas till nyttig dragkraft i munstyckets divergenta del genom expansion till omgivningstrycket under samtidig oinvandling av tryckenergi till en Overljudhastighet hos gasen, vangenom ett extra, ,dragkraftsalstrande reaktionstryck utavas p0 munstycket. In order to obtain useful traction of working gas, the pressure of which far exceeds the critical ratio, for example in gas turbine engines designed for supersonic speeds, it has now become practice to arrange a divergent nozzle channel on the outlet side around the nozzle neck. Nozzles of this type are generally referred to as "convergent-divergent" nozzles, in that the nozzle channel Or is designed so that in the direction of flow of the working medium it first converges radially inwards to a neck portion and then diverges radially outwards to an outlet orifice. Such a nozzle can provide useful traction through the complete expansion of the working gas from a pressure in excess of the critical pressure ratio and breathe down to the ambient air pressure. The excess pressure is converted to useful traction in the divergent part of the nozzle by expansion to ambient pressure while simultaneously converting pressure energy to an acoustic velocity of the gas, through which an extra, traction-generating reaction pressure is applied to the nozzle.

Ett allvarligt problem foreligger i samband med utloppsmunstycken, som anvandas vid reaktionsmotorer, vilka arbeta inom ett stort omrade for varierande tryckforhallanden Over och under det kritiska vardet, I. ex. sadana som anvandas for framdrivning av flygplan med overljudfarter saval som med underljudfarter. Ett rent konvergent munstycke Or icke i stand aft fill nyttig dragkraft alstrande reaktionstryck omvandla arbetsmedietryck Overstigande det, som svarar mot det kritiska tryckforhallandet. A andra sidan stravar en divergent munstycksdel vid underljudhastigheter respektive lagre tryckfOrhallanden att overexpandera arbetsmediet till ett tryck understigande ytterluftens tryck, varigenom den divergenta munstycksdelen orsakar ett stemningsmotstand, dvs. en negativ ,dragkraft. For att losa problemet med dessa inbordes mot- 2— — stridiga forhallanden är det onskvart att sa mycket som mojligt begransa graden av diver- gens hos den divergenta delen av ett konver- gent-divergent utlappsmunstycke, d. arbetsgasens tryckforhallande ligger I narheten av det kritiska vardet, och att Oka namnda dels grad av divergens, sâ snart tryckforhallandet stiger avsevart Over det kritiska vardet. A serious problem exists in connection with outlet nozzles, which are used in reaction engines, which operate within a large range for varying pressure conditions Above and below the critical value, I. ex. those used for propulsion of airplanes with supersonic speeds as well as with supersonic speeds. A purely convergent nozzle Or not capable of useful traction generating reaction pressure converting working medium pressure Exceeding that which corresponds to the critical pressure ratio. On the other hand, a divergent nozzle part at subsonic speeds and lower pressure conditions, respectively, tends to overexpand the working medium to a pressure below the pressure of the outside air, whereby the divergent nozzle part causes a mood resistance, i.e. a negative, traction. In order to solve the problem of these inboard contradictory conditions, it is unreasonable to limit as far as possible the degree of divergence of the divergent part of a convergent-divergent outlet nozzle, i.e. the pressure ratio of the working gas is close to that. critical value, and that Oka named part degree of divergence, as soon as the pressure ratio rises significantly Over the critical value.

For att astadkomma maximal dragkraftsalstrande reaktionstryek frau arbetsgas, vars tryck varierar inam vida granser aver och un- der det kritiska vardet, bor motorn saledes vara forsedd med en anordning for variering av graden av divergens hos ett konvergent- divergent utloppsmunstycke, liksom dven munstyckshalsens genomstrOmningsarea, i motsvarighet till varierande aerodynamiska fOrhallanden hos arbetsgasen i munstycket. Detta kan astadkommas genom konstruktion av ett munstycke, vars halsarea och utloppsmynningsarea aro -varierbara. Thus, in order to provide maximum traction generating reaction pressure from working gas, the pressure of which varies within wide limits and below the critical value, the engine should be provided with a device for varying the degree of divergence of a convergent-divergent outlet nozzle, as well as the nozzle neck. corresponding to varying aerodynamic conditions of the working gas in the nozzle. This can be accomplished by designing a nozzle whose neck area and outlet orifice area are variable.

Ett syfte med foreliggande uppfinning har salunda varit att astadkomma ett konvergentdivergent reaktions-utloppsmunstycke, som uppvisar ett enkelt system av stallbara munstycksklaffar av konvergent-divergent form, vars halsarea och utloppsmynningsarea aro samfallt varierbara i en Onskad, pa forhand bestamd inbordes relation i motsvarighet till varierande flygforhallanden. An object of the present invention has thus been to provide a convergent-divergent reaction outlet nozzle which has a simple system of adjustable nozzle flaps of convergent-divergent shape, the neck area and outlet orifice area being mutually variable in a desired manner in relation to each other. flight conditions.

Uppfinningen hard& sig narmare bestamt till ett sadant variabelt utloppsmunstycke for reaktionsmotorer for flygplan, som innefattar dels en primar munstycksdel for genomforing av arbetsgasstrommen fran motorn och uppvisande i stromningsriktningen raknat i tur och ordning en konvergent inloppskanal, en hals och en divergent utloppskanal, som utmynnar i en primar utloppsoppning, dels en fast anordnad sekundar munstycksdel, som periferiellt och med mellanrum ()Inger den primara munstycksdelen, sä att det mellan dessa bildas en passage for inforande av en sekundar gasstram i utlappsmunstycket. The invention is more particularly directed to such a variable outlet nozzle for reaction engines for aircraft, which comprises on the one hand a primary nozzle part for passing the working gas stream from the engine and having in the flow direction straightened in turn a convergent inlet channel, a neck and a divergent outlet divergent. a primary outlet opening, on the one hand a fixedly arranged secondary nozzle part, which peripherally and at intervals () enters the primary nozzle part, so that between them a passage is formed for insertion of a secondary gas stream into the outlet nozzle.

Ett utloppsmunstycke av detta slag kannetecknas enligt uppfinningen i huvudsak darav, att den sekundara gasstrommen ãr luft av underljudhastighet, att den primara munstycksdelen är stallbar i och far variering av genomstrOmningsarean hos densammas hals och genomstromningsarean for densanimas utloppsoppning, att den sekundara munstycksdelen i stramningsriktningen utskjuter forbi den primara munstycksdelens utlappsoppning mom ett omstallningsamrade for den sistnamnda munstycksdelen, vilket omilde nedstroms begransas av ett installningslage, i vilket arbetsgasstrommen far stromma ut i ytterluften direkt genom den primara utloppsoppningen, medan namnda omrade uppstroms begransas av ett installningslage, i vilket arbetsgasstrommen avges till ytterluften frail den primara utloppsoppningen under f8rmedling av den sekundara munstycksdelens utlopps- Oppning, samt att namnda passage i den andra munstycksdelen ãr anordnad att mom namnda omstallningsomrade fOr den primara munstycksdelen varieras pa sadant satt, att den sekundara luftstr8mmen genom densam- ma astadkommer avlosning av arbetsgas- strommen Iran den nedstr8ms darom belagna delen av den sekundara munstycksdelens vagg n.arm.elsevis i skarningslinjen mellan denna vagg och det tvarsnittsplan, dar det vid radande installningslage foreligger tryckj dmvikt mellan arbetsgasstrommen .och yttertuften. An outlet nozzle of this kind can be characterized according to the invention mainly in that the secondary gas stream is air of supersonic speed, that the primary nozzle part is adjustable in and varies the flow area of its neck and the flow area of its outlet opening direction, that the secondary nozzle part the outlet nozzle opening of the primary nozzle part with a rearrangement area for the latter nozzle part, which is delimited downstream by an installation layer, in which the working gas stream is allowed to flow out into the outside air directly through the primary outlet opening, while said upstream area is delimited by an installation layer the primary outlet opening during mediation of the outlet opening of the secondary nozzle part, and that said passage in the second nozzle part is arranged that the said conversion area for the primary nozzle part is varied on in such a way that the secondary air flow through it provides relief of the working gas flow Iran the downstream part of the cradle of the secondary nozzle part n.arm.els.vis.s. in the dividing line between this cradle and the cross-sectional plane, where there is pressure in radiating installation layers. dm weight between the working gas stream .and the outer tuft.

Konstruktionen är darvid enligt en sarskilt fardelaktig utforingsform av uppfinningen sadan, att den sekundara munstycksdelen uppvisar en hats och en divergent utloppskanal, att halsen tillsammans med den primara munstycksdelen bildar en ejektormunstyckspassage av variabel genomstromningsarea for sekundarluftstrommen, och den divergenta utloppskanalen bildar en forlangning av den primal-a munstycksdelens divergenta utloppskanal for att halla sekundarluftstrommen vid underljudhastighet. En vidareutveckling av munstyckets konstruktion utmarkes darvid av att den primara munstycksdelen Or sammansatt av i form av en cirkular krans anordnade, inbordes rorliga klaffar, sa utformade, att de tillsammans bilda en konvergentdivergent munstycksdel, ,och att en anordning forefinnes for uppbarande av dessa klaffar pa sadant satt, att de i forhallande till den sekundara munstycksdelen aro omstallbara langs i .fOrvag bestamda, fixerade kurvformiga banor fOr att variera hals- och utloppsareorna enligt en given inbordes relation. The construction is then according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention such that the secondary nozzle part has a hatch and a divergent outlet channel, that the neck together with the primary nozzle part forms an ejector nozzle passage of variable flow area for the secondary air flow and the discharge air outlet. -a divergent outlet duct of the nozzle part to keep the secondary air stream at supersonic speed. A further development of the construction of the nozzle is thereby marked by the fact that the primary nozzle part Or composed of in the form of a circular ring, movable flaps are arranged in such a way that they together form a convergent divergent nozzle part, and that a device is present for supporting these flaps on in such a way that they are adjustable in relation to the secondary nozzle part along fixed, fixed curved paths in order to vary the neck and outlet areas according to a given inboard relation.

Uppfinningen beskrives narmare i det foljande i anslutning till bifogade ritningar. The invention is described in more detail in the following in connection with the accompanying drawings.

Pa dessa visar fig. 1 i axialsnitt ett brottstycke av en reaktionsmotors utloppsdel, f8rsedd med ett enligt en utforingsform av uppfinningen konstruerat utloppsmunstycke, varvid dettas delar visas i ett fOrsta, eller slutet lage; fig. 2 visar samma utlappsdel .med munstyckets delar i ett andra, eller maximalt oppet lage; fig. 3 visar en del avfmunstycksanordningen i andvy frail utloppsanden och med de munstycksbildande elementen I det forsta eller slutna laget enligt fig. 1; fig. 4 visar munstycksanordningen pa samma satt som fig. 3, men med de munstycksbildande elementen i det andra, eller maximalt oppna laget enligt fig. 2; fig. 5 visar i perspektiv ett av de munstycksbildande elementen enligt fig. 3 och 4 jamte vissa darmed farbundna organ; fig. 6 visar i perspektiv ett armat av munstyckselementen enligt fig. 3 och 4 jamte vissa armed forbundna organ; fig. 7 visar en del av munstycksanordningen i tvarsnitt tangs linj en 7-7 i fig. 2; fig. 8 visar i perspektiv vissa inanoverorgan — —a for de i fig. 1 och 2 askadliggjorda munstyckselementen; fig. 9 visar i perspektiv brottstycken ay yissa i munstycksanordningen enligt fig. 1 och 2 ingaende stodorgan, och fig. 10 visar munstycket i axialsnitt och rent schematiskt, dels med heldragna linjer i det forsta, eller slutna laget enligt fig. 1, dels med streckade linjer i det andra eller maximalt oppna laget enligt fig. 2. In these, Fig. 1 shows in axial section a fragment of an outlet part of a reaction engine, provided with an outlet nozzle constructed according to an embodiment of the invention, its parts being shown in a first, or closed layer; Fig. 2 shows the same outlet part with the parts of the nozzle in a second, or maximally open position; Fig. 3 shows a part of the nozzle device in view of the outlet sand and with the nozzle-forming elements in the first or closed layer according to Fig. 1; Fig. 4 shows the nozzle device in the same way as Fig. 3, but with the nozzle-forming elements in the second, or maximally open layer according to Fig. 2; Fig. 5 shows in perspective one of the nozzle-forming elements according to Figs. 3 and 4 together with certain means connected thereto; Fig. 6 shows in perspective an arm of the nozzle elements according to Figs. 3 and 4 as well as certain armed connected members; Fig. 7 shows a part of the nozzle device in cross section of line tangent 7-7 in Fig. 2; Fig. 8 is a perspective view of some inanover means for the nozzle elements of Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 9 shows in perspective fragments ay yissa in the nozzle device according to Figs. 1 and 2 inputting support means, and Fig. 10 shows the nozzle in axial section and purely schematic, partly with solid lines in the first, or closed layer according to Fig. 1, partly with dashed lines in the second or maximum open layer according to Fig. 2.

Sasom visas i fig. 1, innefattar det forbattrade reaktions- eller utloppsmunstycket enligt uppfinningen en med 1 allmant betecknad, stallbar, primär munstycksdel och en med 2 allmant betecknad, fast anordnad sekundar munstycksdel. Dessa munstycksdelar avgransa genomstrdmningskanaler fOr en med svarta 'Aar betecknad strdm av arbetsmedium frail en reaktionsmotor ay godtycklig lamplig typ genom en ,utloppssandare 3 av cylindrisk form. Utloppssamlaren 3 är av valbekant konventionellt utforande och behover addr icke beskrivas narmare. Arbetsgasstrommen ledes till utloppsmunstycket genom utloppssamlaren 3 I och for ,omvandling av dess inneboende tryck- och varmeenergi till rorelseenergi i utloppsmunstycket, varigenom. ett som dragkraft tjanande reaktionstryck utovas pa utloppsmunstycket. Reaktionsmotorn med dess utloppsmunstycke och utloppssamlare omslutas normalt av flygplanets eller motorgondolens med prickstreckad linje antydda ytterholje eller >>skal>> i syfte att begransa stromningsmotstandet under flykten till lagsta mOjliga varde. Flygplanets skal antas har vara konstruerat och utformat pa. brukligt satt, varf Or det har askadliggjorts endast rent schematiskt. As shown in Fig. 1, the improved reaction or outlet nozzle according to the invention comprises a 1, generally designated, stable, primary nozzle part and a 2, generally designated, fixedly arranged secondary nozzle part. These nozzle parts delimit flow channels for a stream of working medium denoted by black veins from a reaction motor of any lamp type through an outlet transmitter 3 of cylindrical shape. The outlet collector 3 is of known conventional design and need not be described in more detail. The working gas stream is led to the outlet nozzle through the outlet collector 3 I and for, conversion of its inherent pressure and heat energy to agitation energy in the outlet nozzle, thereby. a reaction pressure serving as a traction force is exerted on the outlet nozzle. The reaction engine with its outlet nozzle and outlet collector is normally enclosed by the outer shell or >> shell of the aircraft or engine gondola indicated by a dotted line in order to limit the flow resistance during flight to the lowest possible value. The shell of the aircraft is assumed to have been constructed and designed on. customary set, varf Or it has been damaged only purely schematically.

Utloppsmunstycksanordningen är stodd pa utloppssamlaren 3 med hj alp av ett antal kring dennas omkrets fdrdelade fasten 4, som aro fastsvetsade vid utloppssamlaren eller pa annat lampligt satt forenade ined denna. Ett sA- dent faste 4 ar askadliggjort i fig. 1. En cylindrisk stodmantelring 5 omger med mellanrum utloppssamlaren och utskjuter i axialled bakat fran denna. Denna ,mantelring ar genom svetsning eller pa annat lampligt salt stodd pa ett antal kring del-mammas in.sida periferiellt f8rdelade fasten 6, belagna i narheten ay mantelringens framre ande. Ett sadant faste 6 ar synligt i fig. 1. For att mojliggora upptagande av inbordes termiska deformationer i radialled mellan mantelringen 5 och utloppssamlaren 3, ar vart och ett av fastena 6 f Orbundet med ett motsvarande av fastena 4 med hja'lp av avlanga, elliptiska hal 7 i samtliga fasten 4, runda hal 8 i fastena 6 saint en nit eller annan lamplig fastdetalj 9, som ar insatt i varje par dylika hal 7 och 8. The outlet nozzle device is supported on the outlet collector 3 by means of a number of fasteners 4 distributed around its circumference, which are welded to the outlet collector or in another suitably connected manner therein. Such a fastener 4 is damaged in Fig. 1. A cylindrical support shell ring 5 occasionally surrounds the outlet collector and projects axially behind it. This mantle ring is supported by welding or other suitable salt on a number of fasteners 6 circumferentially distributed around the inside of the part-mother, located close to the front end of the mantle ring. Such a fastener 6 is visible in Fig. 1. In order to make it possible to absorb the thermal deformations of the inboard radially between the jacket ring 5 and the outlet collector 3, each of the fasteners 6 is connected to a corresponding one of the fasteners 4 by means of elongate, elliptical hall 7 in all the fasteners 4, round hall 8 in the fasteners 6 saint a rivet or other suitable fastener 9, which is inserted in each pair of such halls 7 and 8.

Den ,sekundara munstycksdelen 2 ar utfOrd som en. av metallplat bestaende ring med en flans 10, en konvergent konisk del 12 och en divergent konisk del 13, som avslutas med en sekundar utloppsoppning eller -mynning 13a. The secondary nozzle part 2 is designed as one. sheet metal ring having a flange 10, a convergent conical portion 12 and a divergent conical portion 13, which terminates with a secondary outlet opening or orifice 13a.

Munstycksdelen 2 omger pa radiellt avstand munstycksdelen 1 och ar fast vid mantelringen 5 med hjalp av en ringformig inkladnad eller forlangning 14 i direkt anslutning till ringen 5. Munstycksdelen 2 ar kring ,omkretsen infast i mantelringsforlangningen 14 genom punktsvetsning eller pa annat lampligt satt, dels kring 'flansen 10, dels i omradet fOr den sekundara utloppsoppningen 13a. Ringforlangningens 14 framre kantparti tacker ett inkragat bakre kantparti 15 pa mantelringen 5 och ar fa.st yid ,detta ,med hjalp av ett antal kring dess omkrets fordelade bultar 16 och muttrar 17. The nozzle part 2 surrounds the nozzle part 1 at a radial distance and is fixed to the jacket ring 5 by means of an annular cladding or extension 14 in direct connection with the ring 5. The nozzle part 2 is around, the circumference is fixed in the jacket ring extension 14 by spot welding or otherwise flange 10, partly in the area of the secondary outlet opening 13a. The front edge portion 14 of the ring extension 14 abuts a recessed rear edge portion 15 on the jacket ring 5 and is fixed at this, by means of a number of bolts 16 and nuts 17 distributed around its circumference.

Den sekundara munstycksdelen 2 avgransar tillsammans med de utatvanda ytorna pa den stallbara primara munstycksdelen 1 en reglerbar ejektormunstyckskanal 18, vilken tillfores en med vita pilar antydd strom av sekundarluft genom de ringformiga passager, som bildas i mellanrummet Indian A ena sidan utloppsamlaren 3 och utsidan av munstycksdelen 1 och A andra sidan stodmantelringen 5. The secondary nozzle part 2, together with the extruded surfaces of the adjustable primary nozzle part 1, delimits a controllable ejector nozzle duct 18, which is supplied with a white arrow-indicated stream of secondary air through the annular passages formed in the space Indian A on one side of the outlet collector part 3 and the outside 1 and A on the other side of the standing jacket ring 5.

Sekundarluften kan tillfiiras ejektormunstyckskanalen 18 fran vilken somhelstlamplig Ulla; fOretradesvis anvandes emellertid luft, som uttagits frau reaktionsmotorns (icke visade) inloppsande. Ejektormunstyket tjanar till att suga denna luft in. i utloppsgasstrommen genom .munstyckshalsen 12 pa. Mom hithOrande tekniska omrade valbekant salt. The secondary air can be supplied to the ejector nozzle duct 18 from any Ulla; Preferably, however, air taken from the inlet of the reaction engine (not shown) was used. The ejector nozzle serves to suck in this air. in the exhaust gas stream through the nozzle neck 12 pa. Mom hithOrande technical area valbekant salt.

For att narmare fdrklara konstruktionen av den stallbara primara munstycksdelen 1, som visas i hopmonterat skick i fig. 3 och 4, hanvisas nu till fig. 5-och 6. Denna primara munstycksdel ar sammansatt av ett ringformigt anordnat system av i periferiell led overlappande munstycksklaffar, som Oro inbordes forskjutbara. Foretradesvis anvandas, som i den visade utforingsformen, tvd. olika typer av vaxelvis anordnade klaffar fOr ifragavarande andamal, namligen ytterklaffar 20, av vilka en Or visad i fig. 5, och innerklaffar 21, av vilka en ar visad i fig. 6. Sasom framgar av fig. 5, bestar var ocli en av klaffarna 20 ay me- som genom dragpressning eller pa annat lampligt salt ar utformad till sadan kriikt axialsnittsprofil, att klaffen uppvisar ett kon- vergent parti 22, ett halsparti 23 och ett divergent parti 24, varvid klaffarnas sistnamnda partier Are sa avslutade, att de tillsammans bilda det hopmonterade 'munstyckets primara utloppsoppning eller -mynning. For att hos den sammansatta primara munstycksdelen erhalla den erforderliga krokningen i periferiell led, Are klaffarna 20 utformade med ett asformigt upph8jt mittparti 26, soin stracker sig utefter klaffens hela langd. To further explain the construction of the adjustable primary nozzle part 1, which is shown in assembled condition in Figs. 3 and 4, reference is now made to Figs. 5 and 6. This primary nozzle part is composed of an annularly arranged system of circumferentially overlapping nozzle flaps , as Oro is embedded displaceable. Preferably, as in the embodiment shown, tvd. various types of alternately arranged flaps for the purpose in question, namely outer flaps 20, one of which is shown in Fig. 5, and inner flaps 21, one of which is shown in Fig. 6. As shown in Fig. 5, each consists of one of the flaps 20 ay with which, by tensile pressing or other suitable salt, are formed to such an axial sectional profile that the flap has a convergent portion 22, a neck portion 23 and a divergent portion 24, the latter portions of the flaps being so terminated that together form the primary outlet opening or mouth of the assembled nozzle. In order to obtain in the composite primary nozzle part the required curvature in the peripheral joint, the flaps 20 are formed with an as-shaped raised central portion 26, which extends along the entire length of the flap.

For att mojliggora klaffarnas 20 stodjande och desammas forskjutning langs avsedd bana, ar vid var och en av klaffarria 20 fast en langsgaende akskena 28. Akskenan 28 ar utford som en partiellt sluten U-skena eller lad-balk med den partiellt oppna sidan vand utat 4— — och ãr krokt i Ifingclled i enlighet ,med en godtycklig anskad variatiansmajlighet for den primara munstyeksdelens dimensioner. Akskenan är vidare forsedd med lattningshal 28a. Akskenan 28 Sr. for att astadkomma farhojd formstyvhet, fast vid klaffen 20 langs dennas konvergenta parti 22 med hjalp av ett flertal flansforsedda fastbyglar 29 och langs det .divergenta partiet 21 med hjalp av en. flansad fastbygel 30. Fastbyglarna 29 och 30 aro genom svetsning eller pa annat lampligt salt fasta ,vid klaffen 20 langs dennas upphOjda, langsgaende mittparti 26 samt vid akskenan 28. In order to enable the standing 20 of the flaps 20 and their displacement along the intended path, a longitudinal rail 28 is attached to each of the flaps 20. The rail 28 is challenged as a partially closed U-rail or loading beam with the partially open side water out 4 - and is hooked into the Ifingclled in accordance with any arbitrary variation in the dimensions of the primary nozzle member. The axle rail is further provided with a loading hall 28a. Akskenan 28 Sr. to provide elevated dimensional rigidity, fixed to the flap 20 along its convergent portion 22 by means of a plurality of flanged retaining brackets 29 and along the divergent portion 21 by means of a. flanged fixed bracket 30. The fixed brackets 29 and 30 are fixed by welding or other suitable salt, at the flap 20 along its raised, longitudinal central portion 26 and at the axle rail 28.

For att ytterligare forstyva klaffen 20, Sr denna forsedd med en. forstyvningsplat 31, vars sidokanter sanamanfalla med klaffens 20 oeh vilken Sr fast vid klaffen genom punktsvetsning eller ph annat lampligt satt. Forstrningsplaten 31 Sr forsedd med ett antal lattningshal 32, som ocksa ge plats far fastbyglarna 29. Forstyvningsplaten Sr vidare utformad med en serie tvarlister 33 for att ytterligare forstyva konstruktionen. To further stiffen the flap 20, Sr this provided with a. stiffening plate 31, the side edges of which coincide with the flap 20 oeh which Sr attached to the flap by spot welding or ph otherwise suitably set. The stiffening plate 31 is provided with a number of loading halls 32, which also provide space for the fixed brackets 29. The stiffening plate is further formed with a series of transverse strips 33 to further stiffen the construction.

Sasom visas i tvarsnitt i fig. 7, Sr forstyyningsplaten 31 utformad med ett upphojt mittparti 34, som stracker sig kings hela platen och Sr utformat p5 sadant salt, att det i platens pamonterade lage hojer sig nagot over klaffens 20 upphoj da mittparti 26, vilket ytterligare forhojer klaffkonstruktionens formstyvhet. Tvarlisterna 33 ligga an mot akskenans 28 undersida tvarsaver det upphojdu mittpartiet 34 och aro fa.sta vid akskenan genom punktsvetsning. As shown in cross section in Fig. 7, the support plate 31 is formed with a raised central portion 34 extending the king's entire plate and is formed on such a salt that in the mounted layer of the plate it rises slightly above the raised central portion 26 of the flap 20, which further increases the dimensional rigidity of the flap structure. The transverse strips 33 abut the underside of the axle 28 transverse to the raised central portion 34 and are secured to the axle rail by spot welding.

Sasom vidare visas i fig. 5, aro anordningar mks& rvidtagna for forstyvning av klaffens 20 divergenta parti 24, far vilket andamal forefinnes en tvargaende bygel 35, vars utatbockade skanklars andkanter sammanfalla med klaffens sidokanter och vilken Sr fastsvetsad vid klaffen. Bygeins 35 upphojda mittparti 36 omgriper fldnsarna eller skanklarna 30a pa fAstbygeln 30 och Sr fastsvetsat vid dessa kings de mot varandra anliggande ytorna. Tvarbygeln 35 Sr o&sh utformad med tvargaende forstyvningslister 37 far att ge Okad formstyvhet St sidopartierna av klaffens divergenta del 24. As further shown in Fig. 5, devices are shown taken for stiffening the divergent portion 24 of the flap 20, the end of which is a transverse bracket 35, the ends of which of the bent-out shanks coincide with the side edges of the flap and which are welded to the flap. The raised central portion 36 of the bar 35 engages the flaps or shins 30a of the bracket 30 and is welded to the abutting surfaces of these kings. The cross brace 35 Sr o & sh designed with transverse stiffening strips 37 may give Increased dimensional rigidity St the side portions of the divergent part 24 of the flap.

Far att bibringa klaffen 20 dess avsedda rorelse, Sr varje klaff 20 forbunden med en sarskild drivlank 40. Drivlanken 40 Sr utford klykformig, sA att den uppvisar tungor 41, som aro avsedda att farbindas med motsvarande tungor 42, utformade pa akskenan 28. Drivlanken 40 och akskenan 28 dro drivande forbundna med varandra med hj alp av en ledtapp 43, som Sr insatt i pa lampligt satt utformade hal 44 oeh 45 i tungorna 41 respektive 42. Drivlanken 40 Sr vid sin motsatta ande utformad 'med tva. Iiknande klyktungor 16, fOrsedda med hal 47 for drivande hopkoppling med en lamplig drivanordning. In order to impart to the flap 20 its intended movement, each flap 20 is connected to a special drive link 40. The drive link 40 is so-called clamp-shaped, so that it has tongues 41, which are intended to be connected to corresponding tongues 42, formed on the axle rail 28. The drive link 40 and the axle rail 28 is driven in a driving manner connected to each other by means of a pivot pin 43, which is inserted in a suitably shaped hall 44 or 45 in the tongues 41 and 42, respectively. The drive link 40 is formed at its opposite end by two. Similar tongue tongues 16, provided with hall 47 for driving coupling with a suitable driving device.

Sasom visas i fig. 6, likna innerklaffarna 21 till formen ytterklaffarna 20, men de forra ara av en mera elastiskt bojlig, dvs. mindre formstyv konstruktion. Alyea klaffarna 21 aro utforda av metallplat, men denna har foretrddesvis na' got mindre tjocklek och .styvhet an den, varav ytterklaffarna 20 besta. Genom att utfora klaffarna 21 relativt bajliga, kan man dra nytta av de under matorns arbete radande gastrycken inuti munstycket for att brings. klaffarna 21 att tatt ansluta sig till de Matva.nda ytarna p5 klaffarnas 20 kantpartier, att en .effektiv tatningsverkan erhalles mellan angransande klaffar. Klaffarna 21 kunna safunda tillverkas relativt latta och elastiskt bOjliga, utan att den effektiva forrmstyvheten hos munstycksdelen som helhet aventyras. As shown in Fig. 6, the inner flaps 21 are similar in shape to the outer flaps 20, but the former are of a more elastically flexible, i.e. less rigid construction. Alyea flaps 21 are challenged by sheet metal, but this preferably has a slightly smaller thickness and rigidity than that of which the outer flaps 20 consist. By making the flaps 21 relatively flexible, one can take advantage of the gas pressures radiating during the work of the feeder inside the nozzle to be brought. the flaps 21 to adhere to the mating surfaces on the edge portions of the flaps 20, that an effective sealing effect is obtained between adjacent flaps. The flaps 21 can thus be manufactured relatively light and elastically flexible, without compromising the effective deformation rigidity of the nozzle part as a whole.

Klaffen 21 Sr likaledes utformad med ett konvergent parti 50, ett halsparti 51 °eh ett divergent parti 52, vars bakre andkant samverkar med klaffarnas 20 bakre andkanter for bildande av det sammansatta munstyekets primara utloppsoppning eller -mynning. Klaffen 21 Sr utformad flied ett langsgaende, upphojt mittparti 53. For att astadkomma glidande samverkan mellan klaffarna 20 och 21 samt far att astadkomma en periferiellt sluten genomstromningskanal i munstycksanordningen, Sr klaffen 21 forsedd med ett par utat och framat ombojda tungor 54, som arc anordnade pa klaffens bakre andparti och utga fran deltas bakre dndkant pa omse sidor om det upphajda mittpartiet. Tungorna 54 avergripa glidbart klaffarnas 20 bakre andkanter i det sammansatta munstycket och tjdna till att halla narbeldgna klaffars bakre andpartier tatt intill varandra, samtidigt som de medge relativ forskjutning av klaffarna periferiell led under den primara munstycksdelens omstallning. The flap 21 is likewise formed with a convergent portion 50, a neck portion 51 ° and a divergent portion 52, the rear end edge of which cooperates with the rear end edges of the flaps 20 to form the primary outlet opening or mouth of the composite nozzle. The flap 21 is formed with a longitudinal, raised central portion 53. In order to effect sliding cooperation between the flaps 20 and 21 and to provide a circumferentially closed flow channel in the nozzle device, the flap 21 is provided with a pair of outwardly and forwardly bent tongues 54, which arc arranged on the rear end portion of the flap and starting from the rear end edge of the delta on opposite sides of the raised middle portion. The tongues 54 slidably engage the rear end edges of the flaps 20 in the composite nozzle and serve to hold the rear end portions of adjacent flaps taken adjacent to each other, while allowing relative displacement of the peripheral joint of the flaps during rearrangement of the primary nozzle portion.

Var och en av klaffarna 21 Sr oeksh forsedd med en Ifingsgh.ende akskena 55, som i langdled Sr krokt pa samma salt som akskenan 28 och liksom denna ocksa liar partiellt sluten Uformig tvarsnittsprofil. Akskenan 55 Sr forsedd med lattningshal 55a, sa att kanstruktionen blir sh latt som mojligt. Akskenan Sr fd.st vid klaffens upphajda mittparti 53 med hjalp av flansade fastbyglar 56 fordelade utefter klaffens konvergenta parti 50 samt en flansad fastbygel 52, som stracker sig kings det divergenta partiet 52. Dessa fastbyglar aro vid sina anliggningsytor mat Skskenan respektive klaffen fasta vid dessa genom svetsning eller ph annat lampligt satt. Each of the flaps 21 is unequivocally provided with an ifingsgh.ende axle rail 55, which in the longitudinal direction is curved on the same salt as the axle rail 28 and like this also has a partially closed shapeless cross-sectional profile. The axle rail 55 is equipped with a sliding hall 55a, so that the construction can be as light as possible. Akskenan Sr fd.st at the raised part 53 of the flap by means of flanged fixed brackets 56 distributed along the convergent part 50 of the flap and a flanged fixed bracket 52, which extends to the divergent portion 52. These fasteners are attached to their abutment surfaces. by welding or ph otherwise aptly set.

Varje klaff 21 Sr anordnad att paverkas med hjalp av en sarskild drivlank 60, sam Sr forsedd med ett par klyktungor 61 far samverkan med motsvarande tungor 62, utformade vid framre anden av akskenan 55 DrivMilken 60 och akskenan 55 aro drivande sammankopplade med hj alp av en ledtapp 63, som Sr insatt i lampliga hal 64 och 65, anordnade i tungorna 61 respektive 62. Each flap 21 is arranged to be actuated by means of a special drive shaft 60, which is provided with a pair of fork tongues 61 cooperating with corresponding tongues 62, formed at the front end of the axle rail 55. The drive milk 60 and the axle rail 55 are operatively connected by means of a guide pin 63, which Sr is inserted in suitable halves 64 and 65, arranged in the tongues 61 and 62, respectively.

Samverkan mellan ytterklaffarna 20 och — — innerklaffarna 21 i den sammansatta primara munstycksdelen framgar av fig. 3 och 4, av vilka den forra visar den primara munstycksdelen i det slutna laget enligt fig. 1, medan den ,senare visar densamma i det maximalt oppna laget enligt fig. 2. Hdr ser man, att klaffarna 21 underifran overlappa klaffarna 2.0 i periferiell led, och att klaffarnas 21 framatbojda tungor 54 glidhart oragripa de bakre kantparlierna pa. motsvarande klaffar 20. Klaffarnas inhOrdes rarelse i periferiell led ãr sa.lunda hegransad till de for de askadliggjorda lagena sa.som granslagen, i det att de framatbojda tungorna 54 i ena gran:slaget stota emot fastbyglarna 30 och i det andra granslaget stota emot byglarna 35, som aro fastsvetsade vid klaffarnas 20 bakre kantparti. Del bar observeras, att ,medan stela konvergent-divergenta klaffar teoretiskt icke skulle kunna hoppassas med glidbar inbordes anliggning pa detta satt .och darvid bilda en periferiellt flint sluten kanal, uppnas detta resultat i fOreliggande fall, genom att klaffarna 21 aro elastiskt bojliga. The interaction between the outer flaps 20 and - - the inner flaps 21 in the composite primary nozzle part is shown in Figs. 3 and 4, of which the former shows the primary nozzle part in the closed layer according to Fig. 1, while it, later shows the same in the maximally open layer according to Fig. 2. Hdr, it can be seen that the flaps 21 from below overlap the flaps 2.0 in the peripheral direction, and that the forwardly bent tongues 54 of the flaps 21 slid-hardly grip the rear edge portions on. corresponding flaps 20. The appearance of the flaps in the peripheral joints is thus narrowed to the layers which have been damaged, such as the spruce layers, in that the forward-bent tongues 54 in one spruce: strike the fixed shackles 30 and in the other spruce strike push against the shackles 35, which are welded to the rear edge portion of the flaps 20. It should be noted that, while rigid convergent-divergent flaps could theoretically not be matched with slidable inboard abutment in this manner, thereby forming a circumferentially flint-closed channel, this result is obtained in the present case by the flaps 21 being elastically flexible.

Forskjutningen av .klaffarna 20 och 21 i samband med munstyckets .omstallning mojliggines, genom att vid mantelringen 5 fast anbragta loprullar samverka med klaffarnas respektive akskenar 28 och 55. Dessa loprullar aro tydligast askadliggjorda i fig. 1, 2 och 7. Tvi stall dylika loprullar samverka med varje akskena, sa att varje klaff är forskjutbar langs en bana, som bestammes av klaffens egen krolming samt av placeringen av de badarullstallens rotationsaxlar. The displacement of the flaps 20 and 21 in connection with the adjustment of the nozzle is made possible by cooperating with the rollers fixedly mounted at the jacket ring 5 with the respective shafts 28 and 55 of the flaps. These rollers are most clearly damaged in Figs. 1, 2 and 7. Two such rollers. cooperate with each axle rail, said that each flap is displaceable along a path, which is determined by the flap's own curling as well as by the location of the rotation shafts of the bathing roll stables.

I fig. 7 visas ett sadant rullstall 70 i samverkan med en akskena 28 ph en klaff 20. Rullarnas 70 diameter ãr sh avpassad, att rullarna samverka med hkskenans 28 motstaende invandiga ytor med minsta mOjliga radialspel. Rullarna 70 i varje rulistall aro fasta vid var sitt andparti av en axel 71, som ãr roterhart lagrad i en delad glidlagerskal 72. Lagerskalen 72 är monterad i en barbygel eller hallare 73, som salunda hailer rullarna 70 i rullningskontakt med alskenan 28. For att hindra loprullran 70 fra.' n att under rotationen skava mot Riprulls- eller lagerhallaren 73, aro sjalvsmorjande brickor 74 anbragta pa axeln 71 mellan respektive mile och hallaren. Brickorna 71 kunna vara av godtyckligt lampligt material med lag friktionskoefficient. Fig. 7 shows such a roller stable 70 in cooperation with an axle rail 28 ph a flap 20. The diameter of the rollers 70 is adapted so that the rollers cooperate with the opposite inner surfaces of the rear rail 28 with the least possible radial play. The rollers 70 in each roller shutter are fixed to each end portion of a shaft 71, which is rotatably mounted in a split plain bearing shell 72. The bearing shells 72 are mounted in a bar shackle or holder 73, which thus holds the rollers 70 in rolling contact with the rail 28. prevent loprullran 70 from. ' to rub against the Rip Roller or Bearing Holder 73 during rotation, self-lubricating washers 74 are mounted on the shaft 71 between each mile and the holder. The washers 71 can be of any suitable material with a low coefficient of friction.

En anordning for uppbarande av lOprullshallarna 73 innefattar en liven i fig. 1 synlig barring 75. Ringen 75 ar till formen stympat konisk ,och forsedd med cylindriska flansar 76 .och 77, vilka med sin utsida ansluta sig periferiellt till .inantelringens 5 insida. Flansarna 76 och 77 aro genom punktsvetsning eller pa annat lampligt salt fasta vid mantelringen 5 for att uppbara loprullshallarna 73 pa lagom avstand from derma. Varje 18prullshdalare 73 är fast vid barringen 75 me-deist nitar 78 eller andra lampliga fastdetaljer. En loprullshallare 73 med tillhorande lop- ruHar 70 aro anordnade for varje akskena 28 och 55, tillhOrande klaffarna 20 respektive 21, loch loprullshallarna aro fordelade runt bar-ringer's 75 omkrets i motsvarighet till det avsedda antalet klaffar i den primara munstycksdelen och klaffkransens delning. A device for supporting the 10 roller rollers 73 comprises a barrel 75 visible in Fig. 1. The ring 75 is frustoconically shaped, and is provided with cylindrical flanges 76 and 77, which with their outside connect peripherally to the inside of the inner ring 5. The flanges 76 and 77 are fixed by spot welding or other suitable salt to the jacket ring 5 to support the roll roll holders 73 at a reasonable distance therefrom. Each 18-pulley holder 73 is attached to the bar 75 by means of rivets 78 or other suitable fixtures. A barrel roller holder 73 with associated barrel rollers 70 is provided for each of the axle rails 28 and 55, belonging to the flaps 20 and 21, respectively, and the barrel roller holders are distributed around the circumference of the bar rings 75 corresponding to the intended number of flaps in the primary nozzle portion and the valve ring pitch.

Sasom framgar av fig. 1 fiirefinnes vidare far varje akskena 28 respektive 55 ytterligare ett stall laprullar 80, som are lagrade i en loprullshMlare 81 med hi alp av en gemensam axe! 82. Rullarna 80 aro anordnade pa avstand bakat fran rullarna 70, och axlarnas 71 och 82 inhordes lage är tillsammans med akskenornas 28 och 55 kurvatur bestammande for klaffarnas 20 och 21 rorelsebanor. Rullhallarna 81 aro infasta i en barring 83, som är sammansatt av en fOrsta flansf5rsedd profilring 84 och en andra flansforsedd profilring 85, vilka aro forenade med varandra genom svetsning eller pa annat lampligt satt. Flansringarna 84 och 85 lire kring sina yttre periferiella flansar genom punktsvetsning fasta vid insidan av mantelringen 5 for att uppbara ruillhallarna 81 pa lagom avstand frau denna. Rullhallarna al aro fordelade runt barringens 83 omkrets och uppbara medelst loprullarna akskenorna 28 och 55 med avsedda inbOrdes avstand runt barringens insida samt aro fasta vid barringen medelst nitar eller andra lampliga fastdetaljer 86. I den visade utfaringsformen stOder profilringen 85 med sin ytterflans mot insidan av mantelringens 5 inkragade andparti 15 och ãr fast vid detta med hjalp av bultarna och muttrarna 16, 17. As can be seen from Fig. 1, there is further provided each axle rail 28 and 55, respectively, of a further set of lap rollers 80, which are mounted in a race roller holder 81 with a common axis! 82. The rollers 80 are arranged at a distance behind the rollers 70, and the axis of the shafts 71 and 82, together with the curvature of the shafts 28 and 55, determine the paths of movement of the flaps 20 and 21. The roller holders 81 are fixed in a bar ring 83, which is composed of a first flanged profile ring 84 and a second flanged profile ring 85, which are joined to each other by welding or in another suitable manner. The flange rings 84 and 85 are wound around their outer peripheral flanges by spot welding fixed to the inside of the jacket ring 5 to support the swap holders 81 at a reasonable distance therefrom. The roller bearings are distributed around the circumference of the barrel 83 and support by means of the running rollers the rail rails 28 and 55 with intended abutments around the inside of the barring and are fixed to the barring by means of rivets or other suitable fixed details 86. In the embodiment shown the profile ring 85 stands with its outer flange. 5 collared duct portion 15 and is fixed thereto by means of the bolts and nuts 16, 17.

Det inses, att rullarna 70 och 80 uppbara klaffarna 20 och 21 pa sadant satt, att dessa aro rOrliga langs banor, som bestammas av placeringen av rullstallsaxlarna och av akskenornas 28 respektive 55 kurvatur, varvid klaffarna sdlunda aro fOrskjutbara Indian det maximalt slutna laget enligt fig. 1 och 3 och det fullt oppna laget enligt fig. 2 och 4, vilka lagen utgora and- eller granslagena for klaffarnas rorelse andledes. I sammansatt skiek bilda klaffarna 20 och 21 tillsammans en stall-bar, konvergent-divergent primar munstycksdel, som innefattar ett halsparti 87 och en prinaar utloppsoppning eller -mynning 88. It will be appreciated that the rollers 70 and 80 support the flaps 20 and 21 in such a way that they are movable along paths determined by the location of the roller shafts and the curvature of the shafts 28 and 55, respectively, the flaps thus being displaceable Indian the maximum closed layer of FIG. 1 and 3 and the fully open layer according to Figs. 2 and 4, which layers constitute the duck or spruce layers for the movement of the flaps differently. In composite skiek, the flaps 20 and 21 together form a stable, convergent-divergent primary nozzle portion, which includes a neck portion 87 and a prinear outlet opening or orifice 88.

Sa.som visas i fig. 1 och 8, finns en manOvereller drivanordning for valfri lagesinstallning av munstyckets klaffar 20 och 21. Sasom beskrivits i det foregaende, ar en sarskild driveller overforingslank 40 drivande forbunden med varje akskena 28 och Sr en liknande lank 60 drivande forbunden med varje akskena 55. For paverkan av alla drivlankarna och likskenomna gemensamt anvandes en drivring 90. Drivringen 90 Sr sammansatt av ett par koncentriska ringar 91 och 92, som kring omkretsen genom svetsning eller pa annat lampligt satt aro forenade ,med varandra genom ett par mellanringar 93 och 94. Ytterringen 91 Sr utformad med en runtomgaende, vulstformig 6— — korrugering, och genom det beskrivna utförandet av drivringen 90 erhaller denim storsta mojliga formstyvhet parad med Fagsta mojliga vikt. As shown in Figs. 1 and 8, there is a maneuver or drive device for optional layer installation of the nozzle flaps 20 and 21. As described above, a particular drive or transfer hose 40 is driven connected to each rail 28 and a similar hose 60 is driven. connected to each axle rail 55. For the effect of all the drive shafts and similar joints, a drive ring 90 was used in common. The drive ring 90 is composed of a pair of concentric rings 91 and 92, which around the circumference by welding or in another suitable manner are united, with each other by a pair intermediate rings 93 and 94. The outer ring 91 is formed with a circumferential, bead-shaped corrugation, and through the described embodiment of the drive ring 90 the denim obtains the greatest possible dimensional rigidity paired with the finest possible weight.

Drivringen. 90 ar drivande .forbunden med var och en av drivlankarna 40 och 60 genmn ett motsvarande antal i tvarsnitt U-formiga dragfasten 95 (se sarskilt fig. 8). Dragfastena 95 aro utformade med utvikta kantflansar 96, som ansluta sig till drivringens 90 inre periferiella yta och stracka sig tvarsover denna samt firo fastsvetsade vid densamma. Ett sadant dragfaste 95 finnes for varje drivlank 40 respektive 60, varvid dragfastena firo fordelade kring drivringens 90 insida med samma .delning som drivlankarna. Sasom angivits i det foregaende, är var och en av lankarna 40 forsedd med tungor eller la.geroron 46 med motsvarande hal 47. Dragfastena 95 aro utforda med liknande tungor eller lageroron 97, avsedda att hopkopplas med lageroronen eller tungorna 46. Darvid Sr dragfastet 95 lampligen ledbart forbundet med motsvarande drivlank 40 med hjalp av en nit 99 eller annan lamplig fastdetalj, som Sr ford genom de i tungorna 46 och 97 anordnade halen 47 respektive 98. Ett sarskilt sadant dragfaste 95 ar pa detta satt sammankopplat med var och en av drivlankarna 60. Pa detta satt är drivringen 90 genom drivlankarna forbunden med samtliga klaffar 20 och 21 for att driva dessa gemensamt. The drive ring. 90 are drivingly connected to each of the drive shafts 40 and 60 by a corresponding number of cross-section U-shaped traction fasteners 95 (see especially Fig. 8). The tension fasteners 95 are formed with unfolded edge flanges 96, which connect to the inner peripheral surface of the drive ring 90 and extend across it and are welded thereto. Such a tie rod 95 is provided for each drive link 40 and 60, respectively, the tie rods being distributed around the inside of the drive ring 90 with the same pitch as the drive links. As stated above, each of the strings 40 is provided with tongues or bearing gear 46 with corresponding slits 47. The traction fasteners 95 are challenged with similar tongues or bearing grooves 97, intended to be coupled to the bearing groove or tongues 46. suitably articulated to the corresponding drive link 40 by means of a rivet 99 or other suitable fixed part, which is passed through the tails 47 and 98, respectively, arranged in the tongues 46 and 97. A special such traction 95 is in this case connected to each of the drive links. 60. In this way, the drive ring 90 is connected through the drive shafts to all the flaps 20 and 21 to drive them together.

For paverkan av drivringen 90 i .och for omstallning av klaffarna 20 och 21 finnas ett antal (joke visade) drivmotorer av godtycklig lamplig qp. Antalet drivmotorer kan variera, men det har i praktiken visat sig onskvart med minst Ire, sa att drivringen 90 kan paverkas likformigt for att parallellforskjutas i axialled utan tendens till snedstallning. En drivstang 102 utgar fran varje drivmotor. For pa_verkan av drivringen 90 medelst drivstangerna 102 finnes for var och en av de sistnamnda ett Uprofilerat dragfaste 103. Dragfastet 103 ar forsett med utvikta kantflansar 104, som aro fasta vid drivringens 90 inre periferiella yta genom svetsning. Drivfastet 103 ar vidare at-format med ett par lagerbron 105 for hopkoppling med motsvarande drivsting 102. Detta astadkommes med hjalp av en oglebult 106, som fir inskruvad i ett gangat, axiellt hal drivstangens 102 narhelagna ande, sa att drivlanksystemet kan regleras .och justeras. Oglebulten 106 sakras i korrekt injusterat lage relativt drivstangen 102 med hjalp av en pa oglebulten pagangad lasmutter 107, som dras at mot drivstangens andyta. Oglebulten dr forbunden med dragfastets 103 lageroron 195 med hjalp av en bult 109, som Sr tradd genom oglan och lagerOronens (icke synliga) hdl samt sfikrad pa sin plats Tried hjalp av en mutter 108. For the effect of the drive ring 90 in. And for the conversion of the flaps 20 and 21 there are a number (joke shown) drive motors of any suitable qp. The number of drive motors may vary, but in practice it has been found to be inconsistent with at least one Ire, so that the drive ring 90 can be affected uniformly to be displaced in parallel in the axial direction without a tendency to tilt. A drive rod 102 extends from each drive motor. For the effect of the drive ring 90 by means of the drive rods 102, there is for each of the latter an unprofiled tension bracket 103. The tension bracket 103 is provided with folded edge flanges 104, which are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the drive ring 90 by welding. The drive fixture 103 is further formed with a pair of bearing bridges 105 for coupling to corresponding drive stitches 102. This is accomplished by means of an ogle bolt 106, which is screwed into a perpendicular, axially slid proximity of the drive rod 102 so that the drive link system can be adjusted and adjusted. . The eye bolt 106 is secured in a correctly adjusted bearing relative to the drive rod 102 by means of a locking nut 107 mounted on the eye bolt, which is pulled against the front surface of the drive rod. The eye bolt is connected to the bearing bracket 103 of the towing bracket 195 by means of a bolt 109, which is threaded through the eye and the bearing of the bearing bracket (not visible) and secured in place.

Fig. 9 visar en anordning for glidbart stodjande air drivringen 90 i ett med utloppssam laren 3 och munstycksanordningen koncentriskt, koaxiellt lage. Denna anordning innefattar ett antal kring motorholjets 125 °eh atloppssamlarens 3 omkrets med jamna mellanrum fOrdelade glidskenor 112. Varje glidskena 112 Sr utformad med en plan, langstrackt alidbana 113 for samverkan med undersidan av drivringens 90 inre ringformiga del 92. Glidskenan 112 är utformad med tre par stOdben 114, 115 och 116, som aro forsedda med at respektive sidor utvikta flansar eller fiitter 117, 118 respektive 119, medelst vilka glidskenan star pa motorholjets och utloppssamlarens utsida. I den visade utforingsformen ligger utloppssamlarens failure andkant om lott med utsidan av motorholjets 125 bakre andkant och ar fast vid denna pa lampligt (icke visat) satt. Glidskenorna 112 aro sa dimensionerade, att deras plana glidytor 113 glidhart samverka med drivringens 90 inre periferiella yta utefter drivringens hela rorelsestracka i langdled mellan lagena enligt fig. 1 och fig. 2. Glidskenornas 112 fatter 117 och 118 vila i den visade utforingsformen pa. motorholjets 125 utsida och aro fasta vid denna genom punktsvetsning eller pa annat lampligt salt. Varje glidskenas 112 rater 119 vila pa utloppssamlarens 3 utsida och aro losbart fOrbundna med denna pa sadant satt, att demonteringen av utloppssamlaren fran motorholjet underlattas. Denna losbara forbindning innefattar ett par overfallsbeslag 126, som genom punktsvetsning eller pa. annat lampligt salt aro fasta vid utloppssamlarens 3 utsida. Beslagen aro utformade med uppbockade overfallsflikar 127,som glidbart overgripa glidskenans respektive fatter 119. Pd detta satt Mlles drivringen 90 i koncentriskt lage kring utloppssamlaren 3 och ar i langdriktningen glidbart stodd pa glidskenorna 112. Fig. 9 shows a device for slidably standing air drive ring 90 in a concentric, coaxial position with the outlet collector 3 and the nozzle device. This device comprises a number of sliding rails 112. Distributed at regular intervals around the circumference of the motor housing 125 ° and the atlet collector 3. Each sliding rail 112 is formed with a flat, elongate guide track 113 for co-operation with the underside of the inner annular part 92 of the drive ring 90. The sliding rail 112 is formed with three pairs of support legs 114, 115 and 116, which are provided with respective sides developing flanges or fittings 117, 118 and 119, respectively, by means of which the slide rail rests on the outside of the engine housing and the outlet collector. In the embodiment shown, the failure collector of the outlet collector lies perpendicular to the outside of the rear end edge of the engine housing 125 and is attached to it in a suitable manner (not shown). The slide rails 112 are dimensioned so that their flat sliding surfaces 113 slidably co-operate with the inner peripheral surface of the drive ring 90 along the entire longitudinal trajectory of the drive ring between the layers of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The slides 112 and 118 of the slide rails 112 rest in the embodiment shown. the outside of the engine housing 125 and be fixed to it by spot welding or other suitable salt. The rows 119 of each slide rail 112 rest on the outside of the outlet collector 3 and are releasably connected to it in such a way that the disassembly of the outlet collector from the engine housing is facilitated. This releasable connection includes a pair of assault fittings 126, which by spot welding or pa. other suitable salt is attached to the outside of the outlet collector 3. The fittings are formed with bent-over rafting tabs 127, which slidably overtake the respective rails 119 of the slide rail.

Med hj alp av do i det foregaende heskrivna anordningarna kan den av klaffsystemet 20, 21 bestaende primara munstycksdelen saledes utefter en bana, som bestfimmes av loprullarnas 70 och 80 lagen och akskenornas 28 och 55 kurvatur, omstallas mellan det partiellt maximalt slutna laget enligt fig. 1 och det maximalt oppna laget enligt fig. 2. En man& verim.attning av godtyckligt lampligt slag kan farefinnas for manovrering av ornstallningsanordningen eller drivanordningen i ,enlighet med ett onskat omstallningsprogram eller -schema fOr den primara munstycksdelen. With the aid of the do in the foregoing described devices, the primary nozzle part consisting of the flap system 20, 21 can thus be switched between the partially maximally closed layer according to fig., Along a path determined by the layers of the rollers 70 and 80 and the curvature of the shafts 28 and 55. 1 and the maximally open layer according to Fig. 2. An operation of any suitable type can be found to be dangerous for maneuvering the device installation device or the drive device in accordance with a desired adjustment program or scheme for the primary nozzle part.

For att avtata den av utloppssamlaren 3 och den primara munstycksdelen 1 avgransade genomstromningskanalen for motorns arbetsgasstrom gentemot den av sekundarluft genomstrommade ejektormunstyckskanalen 18 i alla installningsla.gen hos den primara manstycksdelen, anvandes en i fig. 1 och 2 visad glidtatning 130. Denna glidtatning 130 Sr utford som en. profilring med ett stympat koniskt mellanparti 131, ett bakre kantparti, som ansluter sig till klaffarnas 20 och 21 inatvan- — —7 da ytor och ett framre kantparti, som st8der mot uloppssamlarens 3 utsida. Tatningsringen är genom svetsning eller pa annat lampligt satt fast vid utloppssamlaren 3 och ansluter sig vatsketatt och langclledes glidbart till klaffarna 20 och 21. Tatningsringen är utford av elastiskt bojligt material, sa att tryckskillnaden mellan arbetsgasstrommen och sekundarluftstrommen bringas till verkan pa den stympat koniska delen 131, varigenom tatningsringens bakre kantparti tryckes elastiskt radiellt utat och jamnt Mande ansluter sig till Maffarna. In order to reduce the flow channel of the engine working gas stream delimited by the outlet collector 3 and the primary nozzle part 1 against the ejector nozzle channel 18 flowed by secondary air in all the installation layers of the primary nozzle part, a sliding ring 130 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is used. challenge as one. profile ring with a frustoconical intermediate portion 131, a trailing edge portion adjoining the inwardly facing surfaces of the flaps 20 and 21, and a leading edge portion abutting the outside of the outlet collector 3. The sealing ring is by welding or otherwise suitably attached to the outlet collector 3 and connects liquid-tightly and slidably to the flaps 20 and 21. The sealing ring is challenged by elastically flexible material, so that the pressure difference between the working gas stream and the secondary air stream is actuated on the truncated conical part 131. , whereby the rear edge portion of the sealing ring is pressed elastically radially outwards and evenly Mande joins the sleeves.

Verkningssatt Far att underlatta forstaelsen av reaktionsmunstyckets verkningssatt hanvisas till principschemat i fig. 10. Har visas den primara munstycksdelen 1 med heldragna linjer i det maximalt slutna laget enligt fig. 1 och 3 saint med streekade linjer i det maximalt oppna la-get enligt fig. 2 och 4. Den primara munstycksdelens hfinvisningsbeteckningar aro i det maximalt oppna laget forsedda med primtecken. For enkelhets skull inforas foljande beteekningar for forekommande diametermatt i syfte att ange tvarsnittsarean for olika delar av munstyeket: betecknar diametern for den primara munstycksdelens 1 hals parti 87 i det maximalt slutna laget; betecknar diametern for den primara munstycksdelens 1 utloppsOppning 88 i det maximalt slutna laget; betecknar divergensvinkeln for den primara munstycksdelens 1 divergenta d.el i det maximalt slutna laget; betecknar diametern for den primara munstycksdelens 1 halsparti 87 i det maximalt oppna laget; betecknar diametern for den primara munstycksdelens 1' utloppsoppning 88' i det maximalt oppna laget; betecknar divergensvinkeln fOr den primara munstycksdelens 1' divergenta del i det maximalt oppna laget, och betecknar diametern for den stationara, sekundfira munstycksdelens 2 utloppsoppning 13a. Operated To facilitate the understanding of the reaction nozzle's operation, reference is made to the principle diagram in Fig. 10. The primary nozzle part 1 is shown with solid lines in the maximally closed layer according to Figs. 1 and 3 with dashed lines in the maximally open layer according to Figs. 2 and 4. The reference numerals of the primary nozzle part are provided with prime characters in the maximum open layer. For the sake of simplicity, the following designations for existing diameter mats are introduced in order to indicate the cross-sectional area of different parts of the nozzle: denotes the diameter of the neck portion 87 of the primary nozzle part 1 in the maximally closed layer; denotes the diameter of the outlet opening 88 of the primary nozzle part 1 in the maximally closed layer; denotes the divergence angle of the divergent part 1 of the primary nozzle part 1 in the maximally closed layer; denotes the diameter of the neck portion 87 of the primary nozzle part 1 in the maximally open layer; denotes the diameter of the outlet opening 88 'of the primary nozzle part 1' in the maximally open layer; denotes the divergence angle of the divergent part of the primary nozzle part 1 'in the maximally open layer, and denotes the diameter of the outlet opening 13a of the stationary, second four nozzle part 2.

Det Or att marka, att den primara munstycksdelens 1 maximalt Oppna och maximalt slutna lfigen har valts endast som belysande exempel, och att installningslagen belagna mellan dessa bade granslagen komma till anvandning vid flygforhallanden, som ligga mellan dem, som har komma att beskrivas, varjamte lampliga anordningar forutsattas komma till anvandning for reglering av den primare munstycksdelens installningslfigen, sd att dessa svara mot alla fOrandringar av drifttillstandet under flygningen. It should be noted that the maximum open and maximum closed bodies of the primary nozzle part 1 have been chosen only as illustrative examples, and that the installation laws coated between these two branches are used in flight conditions which lie between those which have been described and are appropriate. devices are assumed to be used for regulating the installation of the primary nozzle part, so that these correspond to all changes in the operating condition during the flight.

Vidare ar att marka, att da i den visade utforingsformen av den primara .munstycksdelen 1 denna inter sitt maximalt oppna respektive sitt maximalt slutna lage, sa. ha oeksa dimensionerna av halspartiet 87, den primara utloppsi5ppningen 88 samt divergensvinkeln a sine respektive gransvarden. Daremot kunna de relativa dndringshastigheterna for dessa dimensioner, da den primara munstycksdelen omstalles mellan sina granslagen, bestammas i forvag genom lamplig utformning av kurvaturen for akskenorna 28 och 55 samt genom placering av 18prullarna 70 och 80 i lampliga lagen i fOrhallande till denna kurvatur. Furthermore, it should be noted that then in the shown embodiment of the primary nozzle part 1 this inter its maximum open and its maximum closed bearing, respectively. have increased the dimensions of the neck portion 87, the primary outlet opening 88 and the divergence angle of their respective spruce bars. On the other hand, the relative rates of change for these dimensions, as the primary nozzle portion is rearranged between its branches, can be determined in advance by suitable design of the curvature of the axis rails 28 and 55 and by placing the 18 coils 70 and 80 in the suitable layers in relation to this curvature.

Drift med lagre tryck och maximalt slutet munstycke. Operation with lower pressure and maximum closed nozzle.

Det maximalt slutna laget hos munstyeksdelen 1 anvandes, da trycket hos arbetsgasstrOmmen har sitt minimivarde, motsvarande ett drifttillstand utan efterforbranning. Den av diametern TP hestamda halsarean har harvid sitt .minimiyarde. Forhallandet .mellan arbetsgasstrommens tryck och atmosfarstrycket Or harvid tamligen lagt och uppgar i allmanhet till mellan 2: 1 ,och 4: 1, generellt svarande riot underljudfarter hos flygplanet. Optimal arbetsverkningsgrad och framdrivningsverkan kan darvid erhMlas med munstycket, om den primara utloppsoppningen fir endast helt litet storre an halsarean; darfor bor divergensvinkeln a nedbringas till ett litet varde, sa att forhallandet mellan den primara utloppsarean yid diametern DP och mun:styekets halsarea vid diametern TP blir narmelsevis like imed 1 (ett) i syfte att forhindra en overexpansion av arbetsgasstrommen till undertryck (ett lryck understigande atmosffirstrycket). Ett sadant utforande av munstycket enligt uppfinningen Or praktiskt mojligt och skulle kunna astadkommas genom lampligt labor-des lagesforhMlande mellan lOprullarnas axlar och klaffarnas akskenor. I praktiken har det dock visat sig mojligt att astadkomma en tillrackligt god approximation till det ideala forhallandet genom att begransa munstyckets rorelse till det askadliggjorda laget i maxi-malt slutet tillstand. The maximum closed layer of the nozzle part 1 is used, as the pressure of the working gas stream has its minimum value, corresponding to an operating state without afterburning. The TP horse-drawn neck area has a .minimiyarde. The ratio between the pressure of the working gas drum and the atmospheric pressure Or has at this point been quite high and generally amounts to between 2: 1, and 4: 1, generally corresponding to the riot subsonic speeds of the aircraft. Optimal working efficiency and propulsion effect can thereby be obtained with the nozzle, if the primary outlet opening is only slightly larger than the neck area; therefore, the divergence angle a should be reduced to a small value, so that the ratio between the primary outlet area yd diameter DP and mouth: neck neck area at diameter TP becomes approximately equal to 1 (one) in order to prevent an overexpansion of the working gas stream to negative pressure (a pressure below atmospheric pressure). Such an embodiment of the nozzle according to the invention is practically possible and could be achieved by appropriate labeling between the shafts of the rollers and the axis rails of the flaps. In practice, however, it has proved possible to achieve a sufficiently good approximation to the ideal ratio by limiting the movement of the nozzle to the ash-damaged layer in the maximum closed condition.

I munstycksdelens 1 slutna lage ar den primara utloppsoppningen 88 belagen ungefar i plan med den sekundara utloppsOppningen 13a, dvs. den sekundara munstycksdelens 2 utloppsoppning, sa att en mycket ringa ejektorverkan sker genom vaxelverkan mellan arbetsgasstrommen och sekundarluftstrommen I ejektormunstyckskanalen 18, I utloppsoppningens plan har arbetsgasstrommen expanderats till narheten av atmosfarstryck, vid vilket tryck den kommer att bibehallas, oin den joke tillates expandera ytterligare in i det vidare omradet efter den sekundara utloppsoppningen riled diametern DS. Den langsammare isekundarluftstrommen fyller derma ringformiga oppning eller Aoasv och skiljer TP DP a TP' DP' a' DS 8— — arbetsgasstrommen fran den stem av atmosfarsluft, som passerar Over det sekundara utloppet samt astadkommer darigenom, att Overexpansionen av arbetsgasstroramen eller av den yttre strOmmen av atmosfarsluft nedstroms fran den primara utloppsoppningen, vilken Overexpansion skulle kunna medfOra bromsning, eller negativ dragkraft, begransas till ett minimum. Narvaron av den langsammare sekundara luftstrommen medger overforing av atmosfarstryck till namnda »basomrade», varigenom Overexpansion av arbetsgasstrammen till undertryck inom detta omrade forhindras. In the closed layer of the nozzle part 1, the primary outlet opening 88 is located approximately flush with the secondary outlet opening 13a, i.e. the outlet opening of the secondary nozzle part 2, so that a very small ejector action takes place by the interaction between the working gas stream and the secondary air stream In the ejector nozzle duct 18, In the plane of the outlet opening the working gas stream has expanded to near atmospheric pressure, at which pressure it will be maintained. the further area after the secondary outlet opening riled the diameter DS. The slower isecondary air stream fills this annular opening or Aoasv and separates TP DP a TP 'DP' a 'DS 8— - the working gas stream from the atmosphere of atmospheric air which passes over the secondary outlet and thereby causes the overexpansion of the working gas stream frame or of the outer stream of atmospheric air downstream from the primary outlet opening, which Overexpansion could cause braking, or negative traction, is limited to a minimum. The presence of the slower secondary air stream allows the transfer of atmospheric pressure to the so-called "base area", thereby preventing overexpansion of the working gas stream to negative pressure within this area.

Nedstromsanden av mantelringsforlangningen 14, vilken bildar en avslutning pa flygplanets eller motorgondolens ytterholje eller »skal», är utformad med en successivt iikande konvergensvinkel fl; darigenom astadkommes, att den yttre luftstrommen, slipstrommen, konvergerar mot utloppsgasstrommen pa sadant salt, att den i samverkan med den primara utloppsoppningens lage i plan med den sekundara .utloppsoppningen astadkommer en minskning av blandningen mellan luft- och gasstrommarna och darmed favljande acceleration av den langsamma sekundarluftstrommen. The downstream sand of the jacket ring extension 14, which forms an end on the outer shell or "shell" of the aircraft or engine gondola, is formed with a successively similar convergence angle fl; thereby causing the outer air stream, the grinding drum, to converge towards the exhaust gas stream of such salt that, in conjunction with the layer of the primary outlet port in plane with the secondary outlet port, it causes a reduction of the mixture between the air and gas cylinders and thereby accelerating the secondary air flow.

Drift med medelhogt tryck och maximalt, oppet munstycke. Operation with medium pressure and maximum, open nozzle.

Om arbetsgasens tryck stegras, exempclvis genom okad bransleinsprutning, forskjutes den primara munstycksdelen i riktning mot det fullt appna laget 1'. I detta lage samverkar den sekundara munstycksdelen med den primara munstycksdelens divergenta parti och bildar tillsammans med detta en forlangd divergent del av utloppsmunstycket, varvid ejektormunstyckskanalen .mynnar i mittpartiet av den salunda forlangda divergenta munstycksdelen. Den primara munstycksdelen samverkar med den sekundara munstycksdelen saint med det sekundara luftejektormunstyckets genomstramningskanal 18, som salunda mynnar i den forlangda divergenta munstycksdelen, pa sadant satt, att den effektiva utloppsoppningsarean automatiskt varieras som en funktion av forhallandet mellan arbetsgasstrommens tryck -oda det radande atmesfarstrycket. If the working gas pressure is increased, for example by increased fuel injection, the primary nozzle part is displaced in the direction of the fully open layer 1 '. In this layer, the secondary nozzle part cooperates with the divergent portion of the primary nozzle part and together with it forms a required divergent part of the outlet nozzle, the ejector nozzle channel opening into the middle part of the thus required divergent nozzle part. The primary nozzle portion cooperates with the secondary nozzle portion saint with the through-flow channel 18 of the secondary air ejector nozzle, which thus opens into the required divergent nozzle portion, in such a way that the effective outlet opening area is automatically varied as a function of the ratio of working gas flow.

!Da. arbetsgasstrommens tryck overskrider del kritiska vardet och uppnar ett varde av 3-5 atmosfarer, kommer den primara munstycksdelens 1' divergenta del aft expandera arbetsgasstrammens tryckoverskott utover det kritiska vardet ungefar till atmosfarstrycket, varigenom arbetsgasstrammens hastighet Ras till ett sa hogt Overljudvarde, som erfordras far att motorn skall arbeta med god verkningsgrad. mom detta driftornrarle for flygplanet bar den primara munstycksdelens divergenta parti inta sidant lage, att dess langd, divergens ,och utloppsarea effektivt astadkomma expansion. av gaserna till de onskade tillstanden, varjamte den divergenta delen av det sekun.dara munstycket 2:1&r sattas ur stand att ytterligare expandera arbetsgaserna; dvs. den primara utloppsarean (med diametern DP') bor stâ i ratt relation till halsarean (med diametern TP') for att flygplanet under ifragavarande .driftforhallanden skall framdrivas med maximal totalverkningsgrad och maximal dragkraft. Yes. the pressure of the working gas stream exceeds the critical value and reaches a value of 3-5 atmospheres, the divergent part of the primary nozzle part 1 'will expand the excess pressure of the working gas strain beyond the critical value approximately to atmospheric pressure, whereby the working gas velocity is reduced to such a high noise level. the engine must operate at good efficiency. In this mode of operation of the aircraft, the divergent portion of the primary nozzle member should not laterally allow its length, divergence, and outlet area to effectively expand. of the gases to the desired state, and the divergent portion of the secondary nozzle 2: 1 & r is set to further expand the working gases; i.e. the primary outlet area (with the diameter DP ') should be in direct relation to the neck area (with the diameter TP') in order for the aircraft to be propelled under maximum operating efficiency and maximum traction during the operating conditions in question.

Detta resultat astadkommes enligt uppfinningen, genom att ejektormunstyckskanalen 18 bringas att bli belagen pa ett stalle mellan halsen 87' och den sekundara munstycksdelens utloppsoppning I3a. Det har befunnits, att det avsedda upphavandet av den sekundara munstycksdelens expansionsverkan uppnas till foljd av denna placering vid ifra.gavarande tryckforhallanden och flyghastigheter; den sekundara luftstrommen satter arbetsgasstrommen i stand att losa sig fran munstycksvaggarna vid den primara munstycksdelens utloppsOppning 88'. Pa sa satt kommer arbetsgasstrOmmen ieke att divergera i sa hog grad som erfordras for att Raja den sekunddra munstycksdelens va.ggar, varigenom denna munstycksdel hlir ur stand att under ifragavarande driftforhallanden respektive flygningsfOrhallanden overexpandera arbetsgasstrommen. This result is achieved according to the invention, by causing the ejector nozzle channel 18 to be coated in a place between the neck 87 'and the outlet opening I3a of the secondary nozzle part. It has been found that the intended abolition of the expansion action of the secondary nozzle part is achieved as a result of this location at the respective pressure conditions and flight speeds; the secondary air stream enables the working gas stream to disengage from the nozzle cradles at the outlet nozzle 88 'of the primary nozzle portion. In this way, the working gas flow will not diverge to the extent required for Raja the walls of the second nozzle part, whereby this nozzle part is unable to overexpand the working gas flow during the operating conditions or flight conditions in question.

Teorien far avlosning av en utloppsgas: strom Iran vaggarna till ett divergent munstycke är icke fullstandigt utredd. Dessa forhallanden diskuteras i handboken »Boundary Layer Theory» av dr Herman Schlichting, McGraw-Hill, New York (1955). Stromningsavlosning kan emellertid sum bekant ske, om atmosfariskt lufttryck langs munstycksvaggarnas insida kan 5verfiiras Lill en punkt, dar utloppsgasstrommen har uppnatt atnaosfarstryck, sa att tryckjamvikt uppnas pa. detta stalle. Atmosfarstryck kan emellertid pO. detta satt joke 5verforas gencan ett gransskikt med overljudhastighet. Det ãr dad& nadvandigt att astadkomma en stromning med underljudhastighet (Mugs de divergenta vaggarna, for att darigencvm mojliggora overforing av atmosfarstryck till gransskiktet. Utan inforandet av en stromning med underljudhastighet i dessa omraden, kommer namligen det med liverljudhastighet strOmmande arbetsmediet att fortsatta .att expandera och Oka sin hastighet, anda tills det uppnatt munstyckets utloppsoppning, dar det kommer att ha uppnatt ett tryck understigancle amosfarstrycket (och foljaktligen utOvar en bromskraft pa. motorn respekive flygplanet. Genom att enligt uppfinningen. infara en sekundar luftstram med underljudhastighet i arbetsgasstrommens gransskikt, tillates atmosfarstryck att Uedaras uppstroms till en jamviktspunkt, dar arbetsgaserna narmelsevis uppnatt atmosfarstryck, varigenom arbetsgasstrommen bringas att losa sig fran munstycksvaggarna pa detta — —9 stalle utan att underga nagon nainnvard overexpansion nedstroms fran detta. The theory is that an exhaust gas is released: the current from Iran to the rocks of a divergent nozzle is not fully investigated. These conditions are discussed in the handbook "Boundary Layer Theory" by Dr. Herman Schlichting, McGraw-Hill, New York (1955). Flow discharge can, however, be known to occur if atmospheric air pressure along the inside of the nozzle cradles can be reduced to a point where the exhaust gas stream has reached atmospheric pressure, so that the pressure equilibrium is reached. this stable. However, atmospheric pressure can pO. this sat joke 5verforas gencan a spruce layer with supersonic speed. It is advisable to provide a flow with supersonic velocity (Mugs the divergent cradles, in order to thereby enable the transfer of atmospheric pressure to the boundary layer. Increase its speed, breathe until it reaches the nozzle outlet opening, where it will have reached a pressure below the ambient pressure (and consequently exerts a braking force on the engine and the aircraft, respectively). that Uedaras is upstream to a point of equilibrium, where the working gases have almost reached atmospheric pressure, whereby the working gas stream is caused to separate from the nozzle cradles at this point without undergoing any inward overexpansion downstream thereof.

Enbart inforandet av den sekundara tuftstrommen är emellertid icke tillrãekligt for att sakerstalla det avsedda resultatet, sasom visat 'sig vid forut kanda munstycken air ejektortyp. Sekundarluften maste namligen hallas vid underljudhastighet, tills den uppnar atmosfarstryck under stromning bakat, och darigenom erbjuda en kontinuerlig vag, lungs vii-ken atmosfarstrycket kan overforas uppstroms tangs det omrade med starkare vaggdivergens, som är belaget nedstroms fran det stalle, dar .arbetsgasstrommen skall avlosa sig Iran ,munstycksvaggen. Den hastiga arbetsgasstrommen och atmosfarsluftstrammen invid sekundfirluftstrommen tendera till att accelerera den, sistnamnda ‘genom viskos blandning. Denim blandning maste forhindras eller begransas .sa mycket SOThl mOjligt. Genom att enligt uppfinningen placera en ej ektormunstyckspassage ftir sekundar tuft langs munstyckets divergenta del, minskas den del av munstyckets langd, Mom vilken blandning och acceleration av den langsammare strOmmande sekundarluften kan ske. Pet liar enligt uppfinningen vidare befunnits, att det di mojligt att utfora ej ektormunstyckspassagen relativt snn1, vilket medfor en forbattrad prestationsformaga vid hOgre tryckforhallanden for arbetsgasstrommen, da hela den divergenta munstycksdelen ar fylld med arbetsgas av overlj udhastighet. However, the introduction of the secondary tuft drum alone is not sufficient to establish the intended result, as has been shown with prior art nozzle type nozzles. Namely, the secondary air must be kept at a supersonic speed until it reaches atmospheric pressure during flow backwards, and thereby offer a continuous wave, the lung at which atmospheric pressure can be transmitted upstream of the area with stronger rock divergence, which is coated downstream of the working gas stream. Iran, the mouthpiece cradle. The rapid working gas stream and the atmospheric air stream next to the second four-air stream tend to accelerate the "latter" through viscous mixing. Denim blend must be prevented or limited. As much SOThl as possible. By placing according to the invention a non-eector nozzle passage for a second tuft along the divergent part of the nozzle, the part of the nozzle length is reduced, which mixing and acceleration of the slower flowing secondary air can take place. It has further been found according to the invention that it is possible not to make the ejector nozzle passage relatively snn1, which results in an improved performance at higher pressure ratios for the working gas stream, since the entire divergent nozzle part is filled with working gas of excessive speed.

Drift vid Mgt tryck och oppet munstycke. Operation at High pressure and open nozzle.

Out flygplanets fart nu skall okas till ett varde, som avsevart 8verstiger ljudhastigheten, eller om stegrad acceleration onskas, Ras arbetsmediets tryck genom stegring av ranuntrycket hos den i motorn instrOmmande luften. Pit stromningshastigheten narmar sig machtalet 2, liar det enligt uppfinningen i praktiken visat sig, att arbetsmediets tryck kan uppna ett varde av storleksordningen 10-15 atmosfarer. Vid sit hoga flyghastigheter och arbetsgastryck fir den primara munstycksdelens divergenta del icke langre i stand att expandera arbetsgasstrOmmen till narheten air atmosfarstrycket, utan det erfordras darfor ett okat forhallande !Indian utloppsarea och halsarea for utloppsmunstycket. Arhetsgasen har ett visst tryekoverskott, da den lamnar .den primara munstycksdelen, och stravar darfor efter att fortsatta att expandera och avta i statiskt tryck i den sekundara munstycksdelen 2 samt att ftilja dennas vaggar till den sekundara utloppsoppningen 13a. Det tryckoverskott, som finns kvar hos arbetsgaserna i den primara munstycksdclen 1' primara utloppsoppning 88', har ett varde, som är tillrackligt hogt for att forhindra den stromningsavlosning i den. primara utloppsoppningen, som sker vid lagre strumningshastigheter och tryckforhallanden. Pet tryckoverskott, som finns kvar hos arbetsgaserna i den primara utloppsiippningen, har sadan storlek, att det alstrar ett mottryck ph sekundarluften i ejektormunstycket, sa att sekundarluften verkar som ett dragkraftsoverfOrande medium i mellanrummet mellan den primara munstycksdelen och den sekundata munstycksdelen. Till foljd av denna verkan liar det enligt uppfinningen visat sig, att det icke sker flagon plotslig overexpansion av arbetsgasstrammen, da den lamnar den primara utloppsOppningen 88' for att fOlja den sekundara munstycksdelens vaggar, och att det uppstar en helt ringa forlust i dragkraft, jamfort med vad fallet ar, dii man anvander en kontinuerlig, slatvaggig divergent munstycksdel. 1/id de tillfallen, da ett forhallande mellan arbetsfluidets tryck och atmosfarstrycket mellan de nyss angivna maximivardena och de i det fOregaende angivna medelhoga vardena anvandes, kan arbetsgasstrommen uppna atmosfarstryck pa ett stifle belaget mellan de primara och sekundara utloppsOppningarna (med diametern DP' respektive DS). Under dylika forhallanden erhalles i munstycket en.- ligt uppfinningen stromningsavlosning i det Onskade mella;nlaget. The speed of the aircraft must now be increased to a value which significantly exceeds the speed of sound, or if increased acceleration is desired, the pressure of the working medium is increased by increasing the runoff pressure of the air flowing into the engine. The pit flow rate approaches the power number 2, according to the invention it has been found in practice that the pressure of the working medium can reach a value of the order of 10-15 atmospheres. Due to its high flight velocities and working gas pressure, the divergent part of the primary nozzle part is no longer able to expand the working gas flow to near air atmospheric pressure, but an increased ratio is required! Indian outlet area and neck area for the outlet nozzle. The working gas has a certain excess pressure, as it leaves the primary nozzle part, and therefore strives to continue to expand and decrease in static pressure in the secondary nozzle part 2 and to fill its cradles to the secondary outlet opening 13a. The excess pressure remaining with the working gases in the primary nozzle part 1 'primary outlet opening 88' has a value which is sufficiently high to prevent the flow release in it. primary outlet opening, which occurs at lower flow rates and pressure ratios. Excess pressure pressure, which remains with the working gases in the primary outlet sieve, is of such a magnitude that it generates a back pressure of the secondary air in the ejector nozzle, so that the secondary air acts as a traction-transmitting medium in the space between the primary nozzle part and the secondary nozzle part. As a result of this effect, it has been found according to the invention that there is no sudden overexpansion of the working gas strain as it leaves the primary outlet opening 88 'to follow the cradles of the secondary nozzle part, and that there is a very slight loss in traction, cf. in which case a continuous, smooth-wave divergent nozzle part is used. In those cases where a ratio between the pressure of the working fluid and the atmospheric pressure between the maximum values just stated and the above-mentioned medium values is used, the working gas stream can reach atmospheric pressure at a level between the primary and secondary outlet openings (with diameters DP 'and DS respectively ). Under such conditions, in the nozzle according to the invention, flow relief is obtained in the desired intermediate layer.

Ett visst, litet tryckoverskott Over atmosfarstryeket bibehalles i arbetsgasstrommen, sedan denna lamnat den primara utloppsOppningen 88', och gasstrommen fortsatter darfor att expandera langs en mindre stracka utefter den sekundara munstycksdelens 2 vaggar och darvid utOva mottryck mot sekundarluftstrommen genom ejektormunstyckspassagen 18. Pa ett stalk, dar tryckjamvikt -appals mellan arbetsgasstrommens tryck och del atmosfarstryck, som Overfores uppstroms genom den, med underljudhastighet strain- mande sekundarluften, sker strOmningsavlosning hos arbetsgasstrommen fran den sckun- dara munstycksdelens divergenta vaggar. Ar- betsgasstriimmen fortsatter darefter i utloppsriktningen utan ytterligare expansion till lag- re tryck dxi atmosfarstrycket (dvs. till under- tryck), och sekundarhiften fyller ut det divergenta mellanrummet mellan arbetsgas- str8mmen och den sekundara munstycksde- lens vaggar pa nedstromssidan om avlosningsstallet. Avlosningsstallets lage bestammes av jamviktstrycket och kan upptrada var som heist mellan de primara och sekundara utloppsoppningarna. For varierande .driftfOrhal- landen under flygning uppratthalles salunda -automatiskt den optimala utloppsarean, utan att flagon mekanisk ,omstalluing eller reglering av utloppsmunstycket behlivs. A certain, small excess of pressure over the atmospheric pressure is maintained in the working gas stream, after it has left the primary outlet opening 88 ', and the gas stream therefore continues to expand along a smaller distance along the cracks of the secondary nozzle part 2 and thereby exert pressure against the secondary air stream through ejector nozzle 18. where the pressure equilibrium is applied between the pressure of the working gas stream and the part of atmospheric pressure which is transmitted upstream through the secondary air, which supersedes the sounding air, the flow of the working gas stream takes place from the divergent rocks of the secondary nozzle part. The working gas flow then continues in the outlet direction without further expansion to lower pressures at atmospheric pressure (ie to negative pressure), and the secondary shift fills the divergent space between the working gas flow and the cracks of the secondary nozzle part on the downstream side of the discharge stall. The layer of the unloading stable is determined by the equilibrium pressure and can occur anywhere as a lift between the primary and secondary outlet openings. For varying operating conditions during flight, the optimal outlet area is thus automatically maintained, without mechanical flaking, rearrangement or regulation of the outlet nozzle being maintained.

Air det foregaende inses, att man enligt uppfinningen erhallit .ett konvergent-divergent re- aktions-utloppsmunstycke, vats halsarea och utloppsarea aro samfallt varierbara i onskad inbordes relation, rnotsvarande ett stort omride air varierande driftforhallanden vid un- -- — der- och averljudfarter, men vilket är utfort med endast ett enkelt system av rorliga munstyckselement. Detta resultat uppnas genom atgarder, varigenom namnda areor aro varierbara delvis med mekaniska hjalpmedel och delvis genom automatiska aerodynamiska verkningar. From the foregoing it will be appreciated that according to the invention a convergent-divergent reaction outlet nozzle is obtained, whose neck area and outlet area are simultaneously variable in the desired inboard relationship, corresponding to a large range of air varying operating conditions at under- and aver- sound , but which is designed with only a simple system of movable nozzle elements. This result is achieved by means of action, whereby said areas are variable partly by mechanical aids and partly by automatic aerodynamic effects.

Claims

Patent claim:

A variable outlet nozzle for reaction engines for aircraft, comprising on the one hand a primary nozzle part for the passage of the working gas stream Iran engine and having in the direction of tightening straight in turn a convergent inlet duct, a neck and a divergent outlet duct, which opens into a primary outlet. arranged secondary nozzle part, which peripherally oth at intervals surrounds the primary nozzle part, so that between them a passage is formed for introducing a secondary gas stream into the outlet nozzle, characterized in that the secondary gas stream is air of supersonic speed, that it. the primary nozzle part (1) is adjustable in order to vary the flow area (TP, TP ') of its neck (87) and the flow area (DP, DP') for its outlet opening (88), that the secondary nozzle part (2) projects in the direction of flow. past the outlet opening (88) of the primary nozzle part (1) with a rearrangement area for the latter nozzle part (1), which area downstream is delimited by an installation layer, in which the working gas stream is allowed to flow out into the outside air directly through the primary outlet opening. (88), while said OMrhde upstream is bounded by an installation layer, in which the working gas throne is discharged to the outside air from the primary outlet port (88) during transmission thereof. the outlet opening (13a) of the secondary nozzle part (2), and that said passage (18) in the second nozzle part (2) is arranged so that it has a conversion area for it. the primary nozzle part (1) is varied in such a way that the secondary air stream thereby releases the working gas stream from the downstream part of the secondary nozzle part (2) cradle approximately in line of intersection with a radius of this cradle and the cross-sectional plane where the radiating installation layer there is a pressure balance between the working gas stream and the outside air.

Outlet nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary nozzle part (2) has a neck and a divergent outlet channel (13), that the neck together with the primary nozzle part (1) forms an ejector nozzle passage (18) of variable flow area for secondary air. and the divergent outlet duct (13) forms an extension of the divergent outlet duct (24, 51, Figs. 5, 6) of the primary nozzle part (1) for holding the secondary air stream at supersonic speed.

Outlet nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the primary nozzle part (1) is composed of movable flaps (20, 21) arranged in the form of a circular ring, designed so that together they form a convergent-divergent nozzle part , and that a device (5, 7074, 28, 55) is provided for supporting these flaps (20, 21) in such a way that they are adjustable in relation to the secondary nozzle part (2) along predetermined, fixed curved paths (28, 55) for varying the neck and outlet areas (87, 88) according to a given inboard relationship.

4. An outlet nozzle according to any one of the appended patent claims, characterized in that a. the outlet nozzle at a distance surrounding streamlined cladding (11) is arranged to direct the surrounding external air stream in a convergent path towards the working gas stream flowing out through the outlet opening (88) of the nozzle in order to reduce the overexpansion of the working gas stream, except for the peripheral the space between the secondary nozzle part (2) and the primary nozzle part (1). Cited publications: Patents freuz France 1,215,236; USA. 2 724 238. ° mind: Civ.ing.IBergenstrahle, Stockholm Stockholm 1964. Kungl. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt ec Soner. 640089 28 1197 GENERAL STABENS LITOGR. INSTITUTION