SE181971C1 - - Google Patents

Description

Inventors: RE Bell, RB Williams Jr. and CE Adler Priority Required from August 11, 1955 and June 21, 1956 (USA). 'g.

Due to time constraints and the risk of errors, human operators must read the indication to a state-of-the-art device, such as a vhg, and manually register this indication, Sr det Onskvart, that & Man reading and registration is done by fully automatic means. It is furthermore in many plants undesirable that the recording means are placed at a distance from the apparatus. It is furthermore unequivocal in many cases that the indication of the conditional and indicating apparatus is multiplied by an arbitrarily selected factor. If, for example, it is true that a certain material has a moisture content of 2 per cent, it may be unwise to multiply the reading on the road by 98 per cent, so that the net or dry weight of the material is the value that is actually displayed and registered. Another use, which involves multiplication by an arbitrarily selected factor, can be in retail stores, where it is desired to trace the value of a package of goods in money in accordance with the weight of the package in question and the price of the item per unit of weight. Another such use is in shaving zinc-like pieces by weight, the number of pieces per unit weight being determined for each piece class and this number being the arbitrarily selected factor and the calculated result being the number of pieces in the mass laid.

An automatically operating state-feeding or indicating apparatus according to the invention, usable for any of the above or analogous purposes, comprises at least one movable state-scanning means, the magnitude of which is indicated by accurately counting a series of photoelectric pulses generated by a photoelectric device. a scale, the scale of which is variably tapped in accordance with the movement of the condition-causing body.

Hitherto known devices of this kind have various disadvantages and shortcomings, such as disassembly over the indication area as a whole, susceptibility to vibrations especially at high resolution and consequently due to inaccuracy in pulse detection, the need to read the state scanning means for unloading, etc.

These disadvantages and shortcomings are eliminated or reduced in an apparatus constructed according to the invention, which is primarily characterized by the fact that the scale bar provided is stationary arranged in the motion path of the state scanning means and that the number of photoelectric impulses is determined by the size of the state scanning means. for detecting the scale lines thereof, each containing the photoelectric holding device contains a projection optics with a movable lens in relation to the scale and optically between the scale and a photoelectric member lens, which is arranged to project successive images of the detected electrostatic currents during its movement. the body, which here is provided with a mixer, which limits the light incident on the body to the one projected by a single line of scale, and thereby to generate the series of photoelectric pulses, which must be carefully counted.

The invention is explained in more detail in the following description of a ph. Accompanying drawings shown in the preferred embodiment. Fig. 1 shows in block diagram form the general structure of the equipment for holding a state-sensing organ in a state-measuring and indicating apparatus and for indicating this reading in a suitable numerical form for registration and the life for multiplying this holding by an arbitrarily selected factor and 2— - indication of the product, also in a form suitable for visual indication and registration. Fig. II shows a front view with parts removed by the load balancing mechanism and a darpa mounted unloading device for a vag. Fig. III schematically shows a spring lever system equipped with a unloading device. Fig. IV shows a horizontal section through the unloading device with the optical system and the mechanical devices for driving the optical system in relation to the scale. Fig. V shows a vertical section on the line V-V in Fig. IV for the damage of the unloading device's interaction with the scale. Fig. VI shows a section substantially the line VI-VI in Fig. IV for ash-laying of a set to control the unloading device. Fig. VII shows a wiring diagram of an electronic coupling device adapted for use together with the unloading or scanning device in Fig. IV. Fig. VIII shows a diagram of the connections for a multiplier pulse generator, pulse combining matrix and a factor installation device suitable for use in the reading and indicating mechanism shown in Fig. 1. Fig. IX shows a circuit diagram of certain amplifiers to use between the multiplier pulse generator shown in Fig. VIII and the electronic rakes in Fig. I. Fig. X shows a circuit diagram of a stage in an electronic rake suitable for use in those shown in Fig. 1. the rake decades. Fig. XI shows a time schedule for the ashing of the sequence of trades that occurs during a unloading of the road. Fig. XII schematically shows a decade in a razor and the equipment for providing a visual indication of the result stored in this razor. Fig. XIII shows a diagram of a commutator disk lamped for use in the mechanism shown in Fig. XII. Fig. XIV is a table of the current conduction state in the various stages of the electronic circuit breaker in Fig. XII for different circuit results. Fig. XVI shows a dimetric view of a drawn embodiment of the mechanism for mechanical indication of the result accumulated in a rake deck Fig. XVII shows a wiring diagram of the various electrical circuits required for driving the various parts 1a-de-welding and Fig. XVIII shows a circuit diagram of the interlock circuits used to control the sequence of operations indicated in Fig. XI. Fig. XX shows a diagram of electronic connections lit for removal of a plurality of rakes and to press for each step some of a plurality of wires voltage in accordance with the result given in the rake decade, which is given by chance.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the condition-sensing instrument, which may be a vague or flake other feeding device, is provided with a scanning or unloading device 1 (see Figs. IV, V and VI), which is arranged to generate a series of pulses to the number proportional to the numerical value of the reading. These pulses are generated as independent, successive wave sequences or pulse sequences and can either be generated continuously, ie. one pulse sequence Mier on the other after a short time interval, or they can also be generated depending on a start or interrogation signal. An interrogation signal can be constituted by a request made by a start button or other control means to the unloading device to perform a unloading cycle.

The pulses generated in the unloading device 1 are transmitted via a line 2 to a pulse shaper and waveguide identification mechanism 3, which in turn transmits pulses of accurately determined waveform over a line 4 to a multiplier pulse generator 5. indicate and / or register the product of the reading on the licensing body and the selected factor. If any such multiplication joke is required, the multiplier pulse generator 5 is omitted in the connection and the signals on line 4 are transmitted directly to a rake input line 6. When the pulse generator 5 is used, it leaves a razor line 6 for each pulse received on line 4. These pulses on. the razor line 6 is fed to a first decade 71 a rake of modified binary type, which consists of four decades, the decade 7 and the decades 8, 9 and 10 arranged to register the singular, tens, hundreds and thousands positions in the indication relieved by the unloading device 1 . While the maximum shaving and indicating capacity of the shaver Or 9,999 shavers composed of decades 7, 8, 9 and 10 is not generally utilized in its entire capacity, the common condition sensing element 1 can only give one or eleven thousand different scale strokes. Thus, the decade 10 can only indicate one or two. In the thousands position. It is understood that the singular, the tens, the hundreds and the thousands can represent as many decimal parts as whole numbers, in that a small scale, for example, can be read on one. one thousandth of a unit of weight, either pounds or kilograms, or if the weight is larger and read on one hundredth of a unit, may indicate up to 99 units. As mentioned, however, the entire capacity is used, in that - - for example, a ten-unit scale can be unloaded to the nearest hundredth of a unit, where decades 7 and 8 would indicate hundredths and tenths of units, while decade 9 would indicate the whole number of units and the decade 10 the number of tens of units. At the end of the unloading device 1's unloading of the condition-sensing element, the result accumulated in the rake consisting of decades 7-10 is transmitted over an output cable 11, which contains a plurality of wires from each rake decade. The voltages transmitted over the cable are printed on an indicating device 12, which on scales or numeric wheels can give a direct numerical indication of the result and which can be arranged to install type wheels, so that impressions can be obtained directly from the indication.

If only a direct numerical indication of the unloading of the state-sensing apparatus of the unloading device 1 is all that is desired, the devices specified so far are complete and leave the desired result. In many plants, however, it is unwise to not only obtain the direct number indication but to provide an indication of the product of the direct number reading times an arbitrarily selected factor such as the price per unit of weight, pieces per unit of weight, humidity or moisture factors, etc. To produce this further information is the pulse generator 5, which constitutes a means for generating a predetermined number of voltage pulses for each received plaster, arranged to provide output pulses on an output line 13, four output pulses on an output line 14, in a longer described manner for each pulse ph line 4. two output pulses per. an output line 15 and an output pulse ph. an output line 16. These are transmitted via a cable 17 to a switching matrix or a combination night 18, which is made up of diodes and will hereinafter be called diode matrix. The pulses transmitted over the cable to the diode array 18 are combined therein to form a group of nine lines in a cable 19, in which the first line is supplied with a single pulse for each voltage pulse supplied to the pulse generator 5, a second with two pulses, one third three pulses, etc. up to nine. These wires are connected to selectors in a multiplier installation device 20, which selectors are installable in accordance with the price per unit of weight, the height per unit of weight, etc.

The number of selectors used is equal to the number of digits or positions in the multiplier to be used. To indicate prices per pound in a three-unit decimal coin system, as in A.f.s. using the coinage, dollars, ten cent coins and cent coins, three voters would thus be required. The arms of the selectors are connected to output lines 21, 22 or 23, which are connected by a cable 24 to combining amplifiers 25, 26 and 27, which transmit the pulses from the multiplier installation device 20 to corresponding decadents in an electronic shaving device 28 arranged to shave pulses representing the amount drawn and consisting of the decades 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 and 34. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the state-sensing device 1 can be constituted by a vaguary with a capacity suitable for use in retail stores and in which the minimum scale division is 1. / 100 of a US unit of weight. Likash, the multiplier installed in the multiplier installation device 20 can be a price in dollars, ten cents and cents. EMIT cents of the smallest monetary unit to be indicated are the first two decades in the amount calculation 28, ie. decades 29 and 30, which resp. shaved hundredths and tenths of a cent in the product, not connected to an indicating device but they accumulate only those bral parts of cents and Transfer the accumulated part to the nearest higher decade in the shaving device 28.

The cents, tens of cents, dollars and tens of dollars representing the voltages of decades 31-34 in the extracted product are transmitted via a cable 35 with eight conductors for each decade to an amount indicator 36.

Free pulses are transmitted from the pulse generator 5 through the diode array 18 and the multiplier installation device 20 simultaneously to the lines 21, 22 and 23 and if these pulses are transmitted simultaneously to the rake decades 29, 30 and 31 through the amplifiers 25, 26 and 27, it is necessary to prevent errors. a possible memory pulses from a decade to a subsequent decade or to a decade with a higher position, until the transmission of pulses through the amplifiers 25, 26, 27 is completed. The only static where such errors could occur is in the decades fed from amplifiers 26 and 27, such devices are taken that memory pulses from decade 29 are transmitted via a line 37 to an accumulation circuit 38, where it is retained until the accumulation circuit 38 receives a clearance pulse from the pulse generator 5 via the output terminal 39 and the line 40.

The clearing pulse emitted from the output 39 via the line 40 occurs once for each pulse on the line 4 but occurs later in time to the pulses sent to the diode array 18 and the factor installation device 20. If the shaver 29, while shaving a group of pulses from the diode array 18, exceeds its capacity and generates a memory pulse on line 37, this pulse is stored and then transmitted upon receipt of the clearing pulse to Rasta amplifier 26 via line 41 and then through this amplifier for the next decade 30 in the amount calculator 28. Ph.D. In the same way, memory pulses from the decade 4-30 are transmitted over a line 42 to a second accumulation circuit 43. The accumulation circuit 43 is thus installed to transmit a pulse each time it receives a memory pulse from the decade 30 and emits this pulse upon receipt of a clearing pulse from the output terminal. 44 and line 45. Upon receiving the pulse Iran output terminal 44, which takes place one unit of time after the pulse on output line 39, where one unit of time is the time interval between pulses from the multiplier generator 5, the memory accumulation circuit 43, if switched by a memory pulse Iran 30, pulse Over a line 46 to the combining amplifier 27 and thence to the rake decade 31.

The time sequence of the pulses from the pulse generator 5 is such that the output line 13 Over the first two in generator n generated the pulses which occurred during the first two time units, the output line 14 the next four pulses which occurred during the filling four time units, while the output line 15 opposite the following two pulses, which occur during the following two time units and the line 16 Against a single pulse, which occurs during the ninth time unit. Then opposite the output terminal 39 the tenth pulse and the output terminal 44 the elite pulse, which pulses occurred at substantially equal time intervals after the other pulses. The time interval between the pulses is sufficient for a memory accumulation circuit, for example the circuit 38, when a memory is formed and stored therein, to have time to be triggered by the pulse on the line 39 and input its pulse through the amplifier 26 to the decade 30 and then this decade, if it is counted to nine and is on standby to transmit a memory pulse, it shall have time to transmit and receive this memory pulse and stored in the memory circuit 43 in time to be transmitted by triggering a pulse on the line 44, so that the second memory digit transmission takes place salt, regardless of the condition of the electronic shaver.

In the use of the road, after a load has been placed on the road, a start signal is provided on a line 47, which signal is transmitted to a sequence control device 48 at the unloading station 49. The unloading station 49 contains all the devices lying in the dashed frame, namely the indicators 12 and 36, the multiplier installation device 20 and the diode array 18. Upon receiving the start signal on line 47, the sequence control device 48 transmits a pulse or a signal over an output line 50 to the reading device 1, so. that it begins a licking. At the same time, over a line 51 a unblocking signal is transmitted to the amplifier and pulse shaping stage, so that this stage can transmit the pulses captured by the unloading device 1 and transmit them as properly formed pulses over the line 4 to the multiplier pulse generator 5.

Upon receipt of the start signal on line 47, a reset signal is also sent over line 52 to each of the rake decades, so that all of these decades are reset to zero in preparation for the next unloading. The only exception to Iran's reset to zero is the calculator decade 30 in the amount calculator, which for rounding off the nearest cent value is pre-installed to a value of 5 representing half a cent. Consequently, as soon as half a cent or whatever the highest number of cents plus half a cent has accumulated, the center decadence indicates 31 the next cent value and thus rounds the whole to the nearest cent.

Upon receipt of a scan end signal, which can be transmitted over a line 53 from the unloading device 1 to the sequence control device 48, this device puts the visual indicating devices 12 and 36 under voltage Over in Figs. install the indicator wheels and the pressure wheels, if used, in the law corresponding to the rake results accumulated in the rake. If this occurs after the end of the unloading scan and the electronic razors, both the weight indicator racks 710 and the amount indicator racks 31-34, have reached their final indication state, the mechanical indicators 12 and 36 are ready to scan these racks and adjust themselves in accordance with the indicated values. .

For the sake of convenience, a brief overview of the mode of action may now be left before the respective devices for performing the various functions of the equipment are discussed. The unloading device 1 generates several pulses, one for each unit of weight. These pulses are transmitted after proper shaping by the pulse generator 5, which emits a fixed number of pulses on each of a plurality of different lines for each received pulse. The output line of the Iran pulse generator, which transmits the last pulse generated in it, is connected to the electronic shaver with decades 7-10, which is arranged to shave the actual number of pulses emitted from the unloading device 1. As a safety measure, the pulse is taken from the last the step in the pulse generator in the place of the input line 4, because when the generator is so connected there can be no indication of either weight or amount unless the pulse generator 5 operates correctly.

The pulses, i.e. the fixed number of pulses generated in the pulse generator 5 for each pulse in the pulse series from the unloader 1 is transmitted over the diode array 18 to the selectors in a factor setting device and the selected pulses, which constitute a predetermined number, are transmitted through the first decades of the aura in the amount calculator 28 connected amplifiers. These pulses are added in the amount calculator 28, which together with the indicator. 36 indicates the product of the unloading on the sensing means according to the unloading device 1 and the factor installed in the factor installation device 20.

The pulses are shaved by the electronic shavers at the same time as the unloading of the condition sensor means, so that the complete shaving results representing weight or condition and amount or product are ready to be used either for visual indication or printing, as soon as the unloading device has finished its scanning or unloading of the conditional body. Usually, the discharge device 1 is installed to operate at such a speed that the pulse frequency in the pulse series is of the order of 0000 per second. If the maximum number of scale lines to be indicated is 2500, for example at a scale for 25 units of weight unloaded on one hundredth of a unit, then the unloading device would be operated so that a single scan would require a third of a second or something more. The device for installing the indicator wheel in indicators 12 and 36 operates for a maximum time of slightly less than two tenths of a second. It is thus possible that approximately half a second for unloading and indication of the weight and the amount or weight times the constant factor. If a printed registration is desired, the required time must allow an imprint of the type wheels installed by the indicator wheels 12 and 36 to be added to this time. Normally, a printing apparatus can be arranged to make an impression for a time not exceeding half a second, so that a total time of approximately one second is required from the ph line 47 transmitting the start signal, until a printed ticket is ready for ejection.

In Fig. II, which shows a form of conditional means to which the unloading device 1 can be connected, this means is constituted by a double-pendulum load balancing and indicating mechanism for an ordinary scale. Such a mechanism comprises a pair of pendulums 60 and 61, which are suspended in a sector guide 62 by means of flexible steel bands 63, which are attached to the sector guide 62 near its upper end and hang down along the parallel sides of the guide and at their lower spirits are attached to the lower spirits of bag-shaped sectors 65 and 66 on respective pendulums 60 and 61. Load forces transmitted by means of a rod 67 from a loader are divided and transmitted in equal parts via load bands 68 and 09 to eccentric rear sectors 70 and 71 on the pendulums 60. and 61. The loading force acting on the rod 67 causes the pendulums 60 and 61 to roll up the vertical sides of the upright sector guide 62, thereby lifting their centers of rotation to which compensation rods 72 Or are attached. The upward movement of the compensating rods 72 is transmitted to a rack 73, which engages a gear 74 on an indicating shaft, which also has an indicating member 75, which cooperates with scale bars 76 on the surface of a scale 77 for indicating the size of the balanced weight.

An Iran carrying the spirit of the rack 73 or from the compensating rods 72 upwardly extending hose 78 extends through the upper side of the housing past the pendulum mechanism and carries at its upper end a mixer 79, which is arranged to expose varying parts of a stationary graduated scale 80. , which forms part of the de-icing device 1. The de-icing device 1 is damaged in more detail in Fig. VI. As shown in Fig. II, a part of the unloading device is driven by means of a belt 81, which connects a rotating part 82 the unloading device to a drive motor 83. The unloading device Or is suitably enclosed in an Mk 84 mounted on the upper side of the housing for the pendulum mechanism.

As indicated in Fig. III, the unloading device 1 can also be applied to a spring scale as another example of a condition-sensitive instrument. As shown in this figure, loads applied to a rod 85 are delivered over a single-armed shark rod 86, soul Or stored in a fixed bearing 87 and whose load bearing 88 by means of a rod 89 is articulated to a bearing 90 on a heated sea rod 91. The flap rod 91 is mounted on a pillar 92 and is retained by a load balancing spring 93 connected between a spirit on the sea rod 91 and a fixed frame part 91. the movement of the sea rod 91, the mixer 96 being similar to the mixer 79 shown in Fig. II. The rest of the unloading device corresponds to that shown above. The mixer thus constitutes a mobile state-sensing organ, along whose trajectory of motion extends a station Or scale with scale lines, which are variedly exposed in correspondence with the state of the state-sensing organ.

The unloading device can be used together with any other state-sensing member with a movement proportional to the matte size. If the proportionality factor is not linear, the device can be used to give linear results by arranging the scale bars at appropriate intervals on the stationary scale.

The main mechanical parts of the unloading device 1 are ash-damaged in Figs. IV, V and VI.

As can be seen from Fig. IV, the unloading device is photoelectric, so that it offers - - Instant possible resistance to the movement of the state-sensing organ. In the photoelectric system, movable optical projection elements are used, so that the light path is swept over the exposed part of the stationary graduated scale 80 and to generate photoelectric pulses corresponding to the number of exposed scale bars. The optical elements include a station light 101 mounted on a station. holder 102. The lamp 101 extends axially into an ihfflig spirit p0. a movable member in the form of a rotating revolver 103 ° eh coated radially in line with collecting lenses 104 mounted in a radially directed arm 105 of the revolver 103. After passing through the collecting lenses 104 the light from the lamp is reflected by means of one of the radially directed arm 105 supported mirror 106 against the stationary graduated scale 80, which is mounted in a holder 107 rising from the bottom plate 108 of the unloading device 108. the projected light after reflection against a stationary mirror 111 on a red mixer provided with photocell 112. The arms 105 and 110 on the rotating revolver 103 are substantially parallel to each other, so that the lenses are inclined on such salt in line with each other along the optical path, that the maximum amount of light of the Iran light source 101 can be directed towards the projection lens 109.

On the front side, the photocell 112 is provided with a mixer 100, which has a slot which is just so wide that it lets through a projected image of a scale bar. Thus, as the projection lens 109 sweeps across the stationary scale, the projected enlarged images of the scale lines are passed over the photoelectric cell 112 and each one produces its own output stream pill.

The collecting lenses 104 are preferably mounted in a radial hall in the arm 105 and are held at a distance from each other by means of a coil spring 113. An ordinary spring ring can be used to close the opening in the hall and hold the lenses there.

The turret 103 is mounted for rotation on a stationary shaft 114 which extends horizontally from a vertical cradle 115 in the frame of the device. Ball bearings 116 and 117 are used to repair revolvers. nog-grant Hiles in its place, when it rotates. It is prevented from moving in the axial direction by means of a sleeve 118 inserted between the outer race rings in the bearings 116 and 117 and by wedge or shaft or on another sail fixed in the planer of the turret 103. The turret 103 is driven from the motor 83 by means of a belt 81, as Or ford Over a pulley 119 formed on one end of a drum 120, as Or mounted on ball bearings 121 and 122 on the shaft 114. The drum 114 is secured against axial movement by means of a sleeve 123 ins that between the bearings 121 and 122 and fixed or on another is attached to the inside of the drum 120. The inner race rings on the ball bearings 117 and 122 are pressed hard apart by means of a spring interposed therebetween, which is not shown in the drawings. If the inner race rings fit the bearings or can carry axial movements on the shaft 114, the ring between the inner race rings holds the entire assembly in the axially fixed layers.

The cylindrical surface of the drum 120 tilts the inner working surface of a coil spring coupling 124, one second p0. the coupling spring Or engages the turret 103 at a point 125, while the other end of the spring engages a maneuvering disc 126, which Or is freely rotatably mounted on the tipping ph turret 103 and at some distance from the drum 120. The disc 126 has, as can be seen, in Fig. VI a. outwardly directed tooth 127 arranged to be caught by a hook 128, which serves to stop the movement of the disc 126 and thereby fray. the clutch. Hooks. 128 is operated by a solenoid 129, which is briefly magnetized to initiate a readout.

As shown in FIG. 103 in such a position that the roller is fully engaged in the recess, the projection lens 109 is almost but not in projection position relative to the first scale line on the scale 80. At the same time, the hook 128 engages the tooth 127 with sufficient force to unwind the coil spring coupling 124 and then release the frictional contact between the Indian drum 120 and the spring 124. Upon magnetization on the solenoid 129, the hook 128 is retracted, thereby contracting the coupling spring 124, engaging the drum 120 with sufficient force to drive the roller 130 out. out of its recess and cause the revolver 103 to rotate together with the drive disk 119.

When revolver. 103 rotates, sweeps the projection lens and the optical system over the stationary graduated scale 80 and projects images of the scale bar ph the photoelectric cell 112, until the lens's is visibly interrupted by the mixer 79, which is installed by the state sensory means, Tars lodge to be indicated. After the release of the disc 126, the solenoid 129 is demagnetized so that the hook can return. to its upper position in readiness for trapping the tooth 127 by completing one turn of the turret 103. When the hook engages the tooth and stops the disc 126, the clutch spring 124 is wound slightly and the roller 130 is forced in by the spring 131. in the recess 132 and hailer dammed revol- - --7 protection in the selected angle layer in readiness for the next scan.

The electronic parts of the pre-fitted condition feeding and indicating apparatus are ascoded in Figs. VII, VIII, IX and X.

After amplification in a preamplifier in the unloading device 1, as Fig. VII shows, the electrical pulses from the photocell 112 over a line 135 and a capacitor 136 and a grid current limiting resistor 137 are transferred to a control grid 138 in a pentode preamplifier 139. is grounded by means of a grid resistor 140. The pentode amplifier 139 is of completely normal construction with an anode resistor 141 and a screen grid wire 142 connected to a B + wire and with the brake grid and cathode 143 connected and connected to the connection point between the voltage dividing resistors 144 and 145. The resistor 145 operates as a kind of cathode bias resistor and is bypassed by a capacitor 146. The output signal from the amplifier 139 is taken from the anode resistor 141 via a capacitor 147 to the connection point between the voltage dividing resistors 148 and 149 and transmitted therefrom via a gaiter current limiter. tooth 150 to a first grille 151 in a Schmidt-type release or rocker coupling.

The Schmidt coupling consists of a two-stage resistor coupled amplifier with cathode resistor coupling from the second stage to the first. This particular coupling includes a first anode resistor 152 for the first stage and an anode resistor 153 for the second stage. The cathodes 154 and 155 are interconnected and connected to ground. with ground Over a resistor 161. If this coupling is used in a conventional manner, the reconnection is sufficient to achieve such an unsteady state that the other half of the tube rued the cathode 155, the grid 160 and the corresponding anode 162 are either conducting at full current. or non ails leading. The condition is determined by the voltage printed on the grid and the coupling operates on such a salt that when the potential on the grid 151 slowly increases (the first half is non-conductive) a point is reached at which the cathode 154 begins to draw anode current from the anode 157 and thereby reduces the potential on the grid 160 This second tube section immediately reduces the current to the cathode 155 and thereby tends to purge the current through the cathode resistor 156, thereby lowering the voltage or potential of the cathode 154. This decrease in potential combined with the continuous increase of the potential on the grid 151 or this potential reduction alone is sufficient to drive the current through the anode 156 and the cathode 154 further. This effect continues, this current from the anode 157 to the cathode 154 becomes maximum and the current flow through the other half of the tube, i.e. anode 162 and cathode 155 for completely sparred. At this time, the potential on the anode 162 so that it transmits over an output line 163 has its maximum value. When the potential on the grid 151 falls below the genuine amplifier 139, the decreasing action of the pulse is rapidly reversed, and the grating 151 passes through the critical potential range. The coupling consisting of the two stages thus functions as an equivalent to a toggle current counter, in that the output current rapidly transitions from one state to another. Although the input voltage on the grid 151 is continuously varied from one potential level to another.

The voltages occurring on line 163 are transmitted over an output terminal 164, which corresponds to line 4 in Fig. 1, and are used, depending on the circumstances, to supply pulses to the pulse generator 5 or directly to the weight tractor. If one wishes to control the signals through an opening circuit, which may be necessary in some plants and as indicated in the discussion of Fig. 1, the second grid 160 is shunted to ground through the anode circuit for a triode not shown in the drawings, which is either conductive or non-conductive. depending on whether the opening circuit is to be open or closed. If the additional triode Or is non-conducting, the pulses are transmitted to line 164 without any loss. However, if the triode section Or is leading, the rocker coupling will not snap over frail one state to the other and consequently there will be no output pulses to 8verf Ora.

The amplified and shaped pulses on line 163 are transmitted above a resistor 165 and a capacitor 166 to a diode rectifier 167, which is grounded across a conductor. sator 168 and Oven connected to a first control grid 169 in a second rocker connection and via a resistor 170 to the B + voltage supply line. The anode side of the diode rectifier 167 Or connected to ground Over a resistor 171. The rectifier 167 serves to during that time pulses Overforas drive the control grid 169 in the second Tilt coupling in a negative direction in relation to its static state to such an extent that the rocker coupling snaps Over to its second state and thereby a sharp pulse ph generates its output line 172. This first sharp pulse on line 172 can be taken as an indication of the beginning of the scanning or unloading cycle of the unloading device 1, in case this signal is not taken from the operation of the solenoid 129.

In cases where the negatively directed pulse on line 172 is used as an indication at the start of a scan, the stationary scale of the unloading device is provided with an additional scale line ph 5 to 10 scale lines away from those to be tracked. This first scale bar generates during the scan the first pulse on line 172, which is used as a call for a reset signal to reset all racks used in the clutch. This voltage pulse, which goes sharp in the negative direction at the beginning of a reading, also goes sharp in the positive direction a short time after the last pulse in a pulse sequence. This positive signal thus marks the end of the scan. The individual components of the second rocker coupling are not described, they have a similar function and value as those of the first rocker coupling.

To reset the rakes, the first negative direction signal is transmitted on line 172 via a coupling capacitor 173 to a cathode resistor 174 in one. amplifier 175 with grounded grille. An anode 176 in this amplifier is connected to the BF line via an anode resistor 177 connected in parallel with a primary winding 178 in an oscillator transformer 179. voltage in the secondary winding 180 in such a direction that this voltage tends to drive the claimed connected grid 181 in the positive direction and thereby generate current through the primary winding 178, the anode 182 and the cathode 183 containing the circuit in the oscillator section of the amplifier. The current through this circuit provides one. increasing dimming of the voltage generated in the secondary winding 180, until the tube becomes dull and can no longer conduct current. When the condition is reached, no flake tension is generated in the winding 180 and the tube is then sparred for strain. The large current pulse through the tube and its cathode resistor 184 form a large low impedance pulse signal on a line 185, which signal acts as a reset signal for all the rakes.

This signal can be taken from this point for recovery of the rakes or it can also be taken from the sequence control device 48, as shown in Fig. I. If the general arrangement can be made the subject of several modifications, the type of control can be used, which is fits the special conditions in habit cases. The grid 181 in the oscillator section of the amplifier normally has a sufficiently negative potential for the current through the section to be blocked, by means of the voltage dividing resistors 186, which are connected between a ground line 187 and a supply line 188 from a negative voltage source. One of the resistors 186 is shunted by a capacitor 189 to stabilize its voltage.

The remainder of the coupling shown in Fig. VII was used in connection with the apparatus shown in Fig. XIX and is not necessary for the operation of the equipment generally shown in Fig. 1. The detailed description of this part shall be postponed until Fig. XIX has been processed.

The pulses appearing on line 164 in Fig. VII, which correspond to the pulses unloaded by the scale scanning device, are transmitted via line 164 (Fig. VIII) to the pulse generator 5, when the product by weight times an arbitrary factor must be calculated. In the event that the product is not required, the input pulses received from line 164 are transmitted directly to a rake, such as, for example, via line 6 to the racks 7, 8, 9 and 10 shown in Fig. 1.

The multiplier pulse generator, shown in Fig. VIII, consists of a series or chain of spar oscillators, the first of which in the chain contains a first half 190 of an amplifier carriage with a cathode 191, guide grid 192 and anode 193. The cathode 191 ay connected to ground Over a resistor 194, while the anode 193 is connected to a BI line 195 via a primary winding or anode winding 196 in an oscillator transformer and a parallel-connected steaming resistor 197. The grid 192 is connected to a bias line 198 above the secondary winding 199 in the transformer and a resistor 200. The input line 164 Or via a switching capacitor 201 connected to the connection point between the grid resistor 200 and the secondary winding 199 in the oscillator transformer. The negatively directed part of the pulse signal on line 164 has no effect on the spar oscillator due to the fact that the oscillators are already pressed a sparing bias voltage. The positively directed part of the pulse signal, on the other hand, raises the grid potential to such an extent that current passage through the tear is allowed. This incipient current through the primary winding 196 in a transformer and through the tube Iran anode 193 to the cathode 191 generates by transformer action a voltage in the secondary winding 199 in such a direction that the grid potential aliases in the positive direction and thereby allows more current through the tube. This effect is self-increasing and is limited only by the resistance of the cathode resistor 194 and the resistance of the tube and the primary winding 196. The current thus increases to a maximum value and when the tube is slowed at this value, no further current increase occurs and no voltage is generated in the secondary winding 199. and consequently the potential on the grid 192 - -9 drops to zero or to the potential of the biasing skull, whereby the current through the tube 190 is sparred and a sharp positive voltage increase on the anode and a lowering of the potential across the cathode resistor 194 is obtained.

The voltage pulse appearing on the anode 193 of the tube 190, which first travels in the negative direction and then in the positive direction is transmitted via a coupling capacitor 202 to a grid winding 203 in the nearest chassis oscillator transformer 204. The grid winding 203 is directly connected to a grid 205 in the chassis the current through this tube 206. The second oscillator is coupled in the same way as the first and has its cathode 207 connected directly to the cathode 191 and also to the output line 13. negative direction signal which occurs during the first part of the oscillation period of the first oscillator 190 does not have a flaw effect on the second oscillator except that it charges condensation; tower 202 Above the resistor 208. However, the positively directed or trailing edge of the voltage pulse on the anode 193 moves the grid 205 positively, so that a period of oscillation is started in the second tube 206.

The current flowing through the tube section 190 generates a sharp positive pulse across the cathode resistor 194. Similarly, the oscillation period in the tube 206 generates a similar voltage pulse at the cathode resistor 194, so that line 13 thus presses two voltage pulses for each pulse printed at input 164. The steam resistor 107 is switched on to control the voltage transient which follows the sudden sparring of the stron-im through each of the spar oscillator tor. The other oscillators, consisting of the rudder sections 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216 and 217, are connected in the same circuits and each is utilized by the rear part or part of the oscillation period of the preceding oscillator tube. The rudder sections 210-213 have a common cathode resistor 218, while the sections 214 and 215 have a common cathode resistor 219. Finally, the last two rudder sections 216 and 217 each have their cathode resistors 220 and 220, respectively. 221. The lamp values for the coupling elements are 1000 picofarads for each of the capacitors, 5000 ohms for the resistor 200 in the first oscillator and 1000 ohms for the corresponding resistance in the other oscillators and 500 ohms for each of the cathode resistors. The transformers preferably consist of fixedly connected coils with a turnover ratio of 1: 1 and with suitable inductance values to give a oscillation period of about 10 microseconds. The ph line 198 printed grid bias is Whacklig to spar each of the riiren, so that in the absence of input pulses the coupling does not for any current. The line 13 is connected to the cathode resistor 194 and thus receives two positive voltage pulses, one from each of the oscillator tube sections 190 and 206, thereby giving two pulses for each input pulse at the input 164. The cathode resistor 218, to which the line 14 is connected, is common to the cathodes. in the rudder sections 210, 211, 212 and 213 and thus receives four voltage pulses for each signal pulse on the input terminal 164. Similarly, service 211 for the sections 214 and 215 and thus receives two voltage pulses per period or input signal. The ninth section 216 has its own cathode resistor 220 and thus emits a single voltage pulse on the output line 16 for each input signal on the line 164.

The negative-directed portion of the voltage pulse occurring across the last cathode resistor 220 is utilized in the memory accumulation step 38, which operates between the rake decades 29 and 30. This coupling utilizes the negative output portion of the pulse or chess rear portion and its function is thus time delayed in relation to the original positively directed pulse, which is used for the actual multiplication operation. Similarly, to clear the second memory accumulation stage, the signal from the cathode in the last oscillator stage 217 is used. the last two pulses, which posterior parts generally coincide in time with the positively directed part of the next pulse, are obtained in the seven different operations of ten sparroscillator couplings eleven at regular intervals separate pulses. The extra pulses are obtained by utilizing both the negatively and positively directed parts which occurred across the cathode resistor 220 in the ninth oscillator.

As mentioned in connection with Fig. I, the output pulses are transmitted from the pulse generator 5, i.e. the chain of sparroscillators just described, via lines 13, 14, 15 and 16 to the diode array 18, where these four lines are connected by nine lines on such a salt that on a first line a pulse occurs for each signal on the one corresponding to line 4 input terminal 164, while on the second wire two pulses per signal occurred, on a third three etc. This diode matrix is shown in the lower left corner of Fig. VIII and consists of a number of diodes for connecting the wires 13, 14, 15 and 16 to their respective of the nine wires, represented by the nine horizontal lines in the lower half of the figure.

The line 16, which carries a pulse for each pulse passing through the pulse generator, is directly connected to the first horizontal line, line No. 1 in a numerical sequence. The line 15 is likewise directly connected to the second line marked 2, it emits two pulses per period. Likewise, line 14, which carries four pulses per period or per input pulse, is directly connected to line 4. Line 3 is supplied with two pulses per period across the diode 222 connected to line 15 and with one pulse per period via connected diode 223. If the pulses on the different lines 13, 14, 15 and 16 never coincide in time, the pulses can be added by simply leading them to the respective lines Over diode rectifiers, the diodes being used to prevent each re-supply from one pulse rag to another. . Line No. 5, which is to carry four pulses per period, is thus fed from line No. 4 Over diode 224 and is awn connected to line No. 1 Over diode 225. This line receives on this salt four pulses Over diode 224 and one Over diode 225, which gOr fern pulses per operation cycle. Similar counter-stock line No. 6 four pulses per period Iran line 14 Over diode 226 and also two pulses per period Over diode 227. The six pulses occurring on line No. 6 are transmitted awn to line No. 7 Over diode 228, which line also receives a additional pulse across diode 229 from line 16, which makes a total of 7 pulses per cycle.

Eight pulses for line No. 8 are obtained by six pulses from line No. 6 via diode 230 and two more from line 13 over diode 231. Diode 231 is necessary to prevent re-supply Iran lines 14 and 15 to line 13. For this reason, line 13 is not connected directly to the part of the line 8 which grinds the valves but is instead insulated, as shown.

The remaining line, No. 9, receives nine pulses per cycle, eight of it from line No. 8 via diode 232 and the further via diode 233. This combination of diodes or semiconductors makes it possible to combine the different timed pulses on lines 13, 14. , 15 and 16 to the combinations appearing on lines 1-9, where each line has a number of pulses per cycle corresponding to its position in the group and thus line No. 1 for one pulse per cycle, No. 2 two pulses per cycle, etc.

These lines are connected via the cable 19 to the factor setting device, which consists of a plurality of selectors 234, 235 and 236. The selectors, one for each digit position in the factor, are provided with switching arms, which in turn are connected to the output lines 21, 22 and 23 of the amount calculator. The output impedance of the pulse generator is such that a number of selectors larger than those shown can be used without inboard influence of the circuits and without overloading the generator. The most overload condition occurs when all selectors are connected to the same line. Even in this case, however, the input impedance of the subsequent amplifiers is sufficiently high that no signal is lost in the coupling.

From Fig. IX in comparison with Fig. 1 it appears that the voltage pulses from the pulse generator 5 shown in detail in Fig. XIII via the matrix 18 and the wafers 234, 235 and 236 are transmitted to the combining amplifiers 25, 26 and 27. These amplifiers are shown in Fig. IX. The pulses selected by selection area 234, which may represent the singular position in the factor, are transmitted via line 21 to the combining amplifier 25. The connection for this amplifier mimics a switching capacitor 237, a grid current limiting resistor 238 and a grid bias resistor 239. The line 21 is from the selector charger. earth Over a load resistor 240 to make sure that the grid in the amplifier 25 never sees a high impedance and to maintain a constant load on the matrix 18 as far as possible. Without the resistor 240, the matrix charge on the capacitor 237 and provide a bias voltage on the diodes, which prevents further supply of impulses to the amplifier. However, the load resistor 240 provides a discharge wave, so that all pulses are transmitted to the amplifier 25. The grid leak resistor 239 is shunted with a crystal diode 241 to prevent the gaiter bias voltage from becoming negative due to grid currents in the amplifier tube. The grid resistor and the diode Ore are connected to a grid bias line 242, which is held at approximately -8 volts by means of resistors 243 and 244, which form a voltage divider from a -16 V grid bias source for the pulse generator 5. The amplifier cathode Or is connected to the ground wire, to a +150 V supply line 246. The amplifier tube 25 also contains an anode 247, which via an anode resistor 248 is connected to the supply line 246. The positive voltage pulses received from the selector are amplified in the amplifier 25 and act as negative pulses 24 as output wire input to the first decade 29 in the amount counter 28. The amplitude of the output printed on the output line 249 is limited in the positive direction by the blocking of the anode current in the amplifier 25 and in the negative direction of current passage through a diode 250 connected to the voltage divider resistor 251 and 252, by which the other resistor 252 Or shunt at by means of a capacitor 253. The resistances of the resistors 251 and 252 are preferably 2: 3, sh. that the voltage drop Over the resistor 251 Or about 60 V. This regulates the amplitude of the signal pa. line 249, so that reliable - —11 operation of the electric rakes 29, 30, 31, etc. is ensured.

When the decade 29 (Fig. I) is filled, it sends a memory pulse across the line 37 to the memory accumulator coupling 38, which signal is transmitted across the coupling capacitors 254 and 255 to a first control grid 256, which is normally at positive potential, so that current flows from the supply line 246. through the anode resistor 257, the anode 258, the control grid 256, the cathode 259 and the cathode resistor 260 connected to the ground wire. The cathode resistor 260 is shunted by a capacitor 261. pair of triodes, one with the cathode 259, the other with a cathode 262, a control grid 263 and an anode 264. As is usual in such connections, the anodes and grids are cross-connected by means of resistors shunted by capacitors and in this case the anode 258 is connected to the grid. 263 Over a resistor 265 and a capacitor 266, while the anode 264 Sr is connected to the grid 256 via a resistor 267 and a capacitor 268. The grids are connected to ground. Likewise, the connection point between the input capacitors 254 and 255 is connected to ground Over a parallel connection of a resistor 271 and a diode 272.

In the normal operation of this coupling, at the beginning of a. unloading operation and before transmitting pulses to the rake connections a positive pulse on the reset line 52 across the resistor 270, which makes the grid 256 positive, if the joke is already in this state, so that the right half of the tube for current passing through the anode resistor 257 and the anode 258. The voltage drop on the anode 258 is transmitted via the coupling resistor 265 to the second control grid 263, so that the current to the anode 264 in this tube section is saved. The anode 264 and the lead 41 connected thereto are thus now at their highest positive potential, which is determined only by the anode resistor 274 and the coupling resistor 267. This is the normal state of the coupling.

When the rake decade 29 is filled and emits the memory pulse across line 37, this pulse, which goes in the negative direction, turns the grid 256 negative, thereby sparring the current in the right half of the tube, so that the potential of the anode 258 rises in the positive direction and this positive voltage is transmitted. to the grille 263, whereby the left section of the rudder becomes conductive. When this side of the tube becomes conductive, the current through the resistor 274 causes the voltage drop ano the 264 and line 41 to be negative, thereby maintaining the sparring of the current in the right tube section. This voltage drop drives the five via the small coupling capacitor 275 connected to the line 41 negative in the next combining amplifier 26, which is ineffective at this time, since the amplifier is already energized by bias. After the memory accumulation coupling 38 is adjusted by the memory pulse received on line 37, it remains in this converted state until it is either reset or until a pulse is received from the pulse generator 5 via line 44, which is connected to the grid 263 via the connection capacitors 276 and 277. capacitors 276 and 277 Sr connected to ground Over a parallel connection of a resistor and a diode 279. The diode Sr said water that it shunts current to ground when the wire. 44 seeks to be positive, thereby charging the capacitor 276, said. that the negative rear portion or rear side of the positive pulse drives the grille 263 in the negative direction. When the grid 263 is driven in the negative direction, it saves the current to the anode 264 and thus generates a positively directed voltage on the anode 264, which is transmitted via the line 41 and the capacitor 275 to the control grid in the second combining amplifier 26. This clearing pulse from the generator 5 changes the memory accumulation coupling 38 to its original state and emits the accumulated memory pulse Over the amplifier 26 and the line 280 to the second rake decade 30.

The second combining amplifier Sr is similar to the first fringe addition of pulses from the memory accumulation circuit 38 and the doss output signal is output over the output line 280 and fed into the rake decade 30 in the amount calculator 28. When this second rake is filled, i.e. reaches the limit of its capacity and restarts, it emits a voltage pulse via line 42 to the second memory accumulation connection 43. This connection is similar to the first and when it is restored by the negative part or rear edge of it from the pulse generator 5 on line 39 received pulse, it emits a positive signal over line 46 and switching capacitor 281 to control grid 282 in the next combining amplifier 27. The positive pulse printed on this control grid produces a corresponding negative pulse on output line 283, which is transmitted directly to the third rake decade 31.

While the combined or mixed amplifiers 26 and 27 have been shown with a resistor-capacitor connection to the control grids, they are made to work with a diode connected between a control grid and the input wire going from the multi-selector generator with the control grid itself shunted to it. negative bias line across one resistor. A rectifier in this place functions as an opening coupling, so that the amplifier which seeks to drive the step in question is not subjected to any load. The diodes would thus relieve the memory accumulation steps and allow the steps to function somewhat faster.

These special components thus allow the transmission of multiplier pulses simultaneously to several decades in the amount calculator and prevent any interference between the calculator decades by accumulating the memory pulses during the transmission of the multiplier pulses and by transmitting the memory pulses to the following decades in the calculator after this series of pulses. This clearance of the memory accumulation connections by causing them to emit any accumulated pulses takes place in turn, so that in no case is there a flawless possibility for simultaneous arrival of pulses to the flakes of the electronic rake decades.

A single step in each of the binary numbers spoken in Figs. 7-10 or 29-34 is illustrated in Fig. X. Bet is assumed that each decade uses four such steps. Each individual such step is generally edge under the name flip-flop coupling and consists, as is well known, of a common anode resistor 285, individual anode resistors 286 and 287, resistors 288 and 289 connected between anode and grid and resistors 290 and 291 connected between grid and ground. In addition, the cathodes 292 and 293 are interconnected and grounded to a common cathode resistor 294, which is shunted by a capacitor 295. Also, the resistors 288 and 289 connected between the grid and anode are shunted by capacitors 296 and 297. Beam with the cathode 292 cooperating grid 298 is connected to the winding point between resistors 288 and 290, while the anode 299 cooperating with cathode 292 and grating 298 is connected between resistors 287 and 289. On the same salt, the grating ZOO cooperating with cathode 293 is connected to the connection point between resistors 289 and 291, while an anode 301 cooperating with the grid 300 is connected to the connection point between resistors 286 and 288. In the negative direction input pulses are transmitted to the rake coupling via an input capacitor 302 and output pulses from the rake stage are transmitted over an output capacitor 303, which may be the input capacitor for the next stage. The input capacitor is connected to the connection point between the common anode resistor 285 and the separate anode resistors 286 and 287, so that the negative voltage pulse at this point is evenly distributed on the anodes 299 and 301. The output pulse is taken from the anode 299 as connected to the intermediate connection point 287 and the resistor 289 connected between grille and anode.

With the commonly assumed values of the anode resistor, the Indian anode and grid and the resistor connected between grid and ground, the connection is bistable, ie. one or the other side of the pipe will carry current, while the other will be sparred. This current state can be reversed by pressing a sharp negative pulse on the anode resistor via capacitor 302. This can be explained as follows: When the grid 300 is positive relative to its cathode 293, so that current passes through the anode resistor 286, the potential on the grid 298 is negatively to such an extent that this pipe section is sparse and a relatively high voltage occurs at the connection point between. resistors 287 and 289. This meant a charge on the capacitor 297 with a relatively high charge and a relatively smaller charge on the capacitor 296. The negative impulse printed at the connection point between the anode resistors drives both anodes in the negative direction and at the same time the grids are driven negative. Of course, when the anodes and grids are made negative, the current through the anode 301 and the cathode 293 is blocked and the resulting tendency of the anode 301 to become positive due to the decrease in current through the resistor 286 tends to drive the grid 298 in a positive direction relative to the cathode 292 and thereby to bring the left half of the rudder to feed strom. With the disappearance of the negative pulse on the anode resistor, the coupling thus remains in the stable state, where current flows between the cathode 292 and the anode 299. This results in a sharp negative voltage jump on the anode 299, which is transmitted to the next stage via the capacitor 303. The time constant of the capacitors 302, 303 or equivalent capacitors as well as the common anode resistors 285 is so small that the voltage jump printed on the input capacitor appears as a short voltage pulse at the output. The following voltage pulse, printed via the input capacitor, reverses the conduction state in the tube again, so that the complete operating cycle ends for two input pulses and results in one. output pulse. The line state In the rudder or stage is transmitted to welding devices via resistors 304 and 305 connected to output lines 306 and 307, which go to the respective display devices. These can either consist of neon lamp combinations or consist of a commutator or other switching devices arranged to scan the connections to a decade, a group of four such steps, and of the voltage state determine the rake result shown by this decade. - —13 In order for a decade to be able to display and repeat in cycles of 10 instead of 16, which later Sr the normal repetition cycle for a four-stage binary straightener, aro connectors arranged frail anode in the third stage to a control grid in the second stage and Iran an anode in the fourth stage to a control grid in the third stage on the selected edge salt, so that on an artificial wave the equivalent of six additional pulses is injected and the calculation result is thereby advanced, so. that the complete cycle ends at ten input pulses instead of sixteen.

Electromechanical means, a form of trigger for displaying an indication corresponding to the result represented by the rake decades, are schematically ash-damaged in Figs. XII, XIII, XIV and XV and the actual mechanism is shown in Fig. XVI. As indicated in Fig. XII, when the various steps in a decade are marked with rectangles numbered 1, 2, 2 'and 4, these steps have their output leads 306, 307 connected to contacts schematically disassembled as 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314 and 315 and there are eight contacts for a decade. Movable contacts arranged to be able to swing between two and two of these contacts are shown by means of the contact arms 316, 317, 318 and 319. These contacts and contact arms are only a symbolic representation of an arrangement with a commutator or step switch or other device, which is installed to close circuits In different combinations in turn in accordance with the different voltage combinations, which can be obtained in the rake decade. The connecting line common to the contact arms 316-319 is connected to a grid 320 in an amplifier carriage with an anode 321 and a. cathode 322. The anode circuit contains a relay coil or solenoid 323, which is arranged to control a ratchet 324, which cooperates with a friction-driven gear 325. The gear Sr is arranged on an arm 326, which is mounted on a shaft of an indicator drum 327, which Deist gear with a gear ratio of 21 Sr coupled to the gear assembly 325. The gear assembly 325 includes a hollow member arranged to engage a rubber coated drive wheel 328 when a discharge is to be made.

When, during the operation of the apparatus, Ora desires a unloading, after the rakes have had their final shaving position, the ratchet 324 is pulled away, so that the arm 326 can pivot downwards and move the gear unit 325 in engagement with the clockwise rotating drive wheel 328. Thereby the gear unit and the mechanically coupled indicator drum 327 at a fairly high speed. The indicator drum 327 is provided with a commutator, as shown in Fig. XIII, or with a flake type cam actuator for maneuvering the actuators, such as the contact arms 316, 317, 318 and 319 stalling. When the selected voltage combination is obtained, in which the contact arms 316-319 are in contact with the then positive lines from the rake, the rudder becomes conductive and the solenoid 323 maneuvers the ratchet 324 to catch the approaching tooth ph the gear 325. The inertia of the indicator drum 327 and any associated type wheel, such as the type wheel 329, seeks to force the gear to continue to rotate counterclockwise and thereby throws it, as it is caught by the hook 324, out of engagement with the drive wheel 328 and up against a stop stop (not shown), which stops the movement of the indicator drum and type wheels. The inertia of the display device is thus used to disengage the drive device, so that very little force is required from the electric solenoid to stop the relatively heavy display wheels.

A commutator lamped to be used in conjunction with the indicator drum 327 is boxed in Fig. XIII. A skim commutator Sr mounted on. each indicating drum 327 and contains nine rings, against each of which a separate brush indicated by the small circles abuts. Attach the brushes connected to them from the four steps of it. corresponding to the decade in the rake coming lines, while the ninth line Sr the common connection going to grid 320 in the amplifier carriage. As shown, a suitable arrangement of conductive and non-conductive parts is selected for the commutator, so that all parts are interconnected without the need for any bridging lines to be arranged on the back of the commutator disk.

Fig. XIV disassembles the code or conduction state present in the four stages of a decade in a binary rake, which is operated with the said feedback system for conversion from the sixteen-part scale of the binary rakes to the decadal scale. As shown in the table in Fig. XIV, the decimal number 0 is indicated when all the left sections of the rudders are non-conductive and all the right-hand sections are conductive. The relative states of conduction or non-conduction on the output conduits from each of the stages in one. bees straighteners are shown in the table in Fig. XIV. The number 1, which occurs after a plus in the first stage has caused a reversal of the line in the first stage, which is indicated by the left side for current and the right side Sr non-conducting and the remaining three stages not affected. The second pulse restores the first stage to its original state and this in turn emits a signal to the second stage, whereby this goes to its second state with the left side leading and the right side non-leading. The third pulse then restores the first stage to its conducting state and thus laminar steps 1 and 2 leading to represent the number 3. The fourth pulse normally returns the first stage to its non-conducting state, warping this in turn drives the second stage to its non-conductive state and this in turn drives the third stage to its non-conductive state, which is indicated by the left side for current. However, in this case, the feedback connection from the third to the second stage transmits a signal back to the second stage to restore it to the state with its left side conducting. The guard pulse is thus indicated by conduction in the second and third stages. The fifth pulse opposite only the first stage returns to its conducting state, while the sixth pulse faces the first stage to its non-conducting state. This in turn 'Wed & the second stage to its non-conductive state and this in turn Overfor the third stage to its non-conductive state, after which this stage liverfor the fourth stage to its non-conductive state but the pulse from the fourth to the third stage reconnects the remnant filler this to its leading state, so that the number six is indicated by lead In the third and guard step. The seventh pulse opposite only the first stage returns to its non-conducting state, while the eighth pulse faces the first stage to its non-conducting state and the second stage to its conducting state while leaving the third and fourth stages as they are. The ninth pulse takes the first step to its conducting state, thereby leaving all four stages in the conducting state. The next pulse or the tenth pulse is transmitted throughout the chain to reset all the steps, so that the left side is non-conductive or the right side conductive, indicating the number 0. The conversion of the fourth step provides the memory signal for the next decade.

The commutator shown in Fig. XIII has its conductive parts so arranged in relation to the brushes that the various voltage combinations given in the table in Fig. XIV can be obtained at ten different points around the circumference of the commutator. In this arrangement, one and only one of the ten segments results in a state where all brushes, which are in contact with conductive parts of the commutator, are connected to positive voltages. At this point, the grille 320 is made sufficiently positive to maneuver the ratchet. At all other times, the tube is pressurized by a bias voltage which varies in size depending on the combination in question.

The order between the segments on the commutator is chosen so that when switching from one segment to the next only two brushes & erg & from leading to non-conducting segments or vice versa. By this arrangement it is stated that during the rotation of the commutator there is never a major voltage change at the transition from a segment to almost one step or 1/4 of the total voltage range which is pressed into the grid in the tube. This avoids the risk of malfunction due to large transient voltages resulting from star voltage changes on the line to the pipe. As shown, the commutator is arranged so that the innermost circle is continuous and connected to the common brush, which in turn is connected to the grid in the solenoid control tube. The nfista brush in the order is connected to the right side in the first rfiknar step, ie. to the contact 309, the nfista ring, the third, to the right side In the second razor step, the guard ring to the left side in the first, i.e. to the connector 308, the fifth ring to the left side in the second step, i.e. to the contact 310, the next ring, the sixth, to the right side in the third rfiknar stage, the seventh ring to the right side in the guard stage, i.e. to the connector 315, while the eighth ring is connected to the left side of the third rake stage and the ninth ring is connected to the left side of the fourth rake stage.

The voltages which, during the rotation of the commutator, appeared on the control grid in the control tube are shown in Fig. XV for three different razor positions. In the upper part of the figure with the razor set to zero, the voltage thus has its maximum value, when the indicator drum is in its nonage, then falls step by step In four successive steps as the commutator turns from zero to team number 9, then rises in two steps to Iaget number 6, then falls to team 1, then rises step by step back to zero or to the maximum voltage, when zero Ater has been night at the end of a whole vary. It is thus understood that only in one place of habit vary of the commutator, the voltage exceeds the bias voltage at which the tube is so controlled that it avoids strain during only 1/10 commutator duty. Likash realizes that when the razor is set to the maximum voltage of six, then the commutator is in team number 6. The same applies to other possible razor combinations, in which, if the Mips, the maximum voltage appears at the respective number and not elsewhere. Thus, the commutator is driven by the gear drive device of Fig. XII and the voltage state in which the tube is conductive engages the gear with the hook and stops the indicator drum in the right position to indicate the amount standing in the electronic shaver. Such a device exists for each of the decades, the amount of which is to be indicated. In the device shown in Fig. 1, there are thus eight such indication drums, commutators, gears and control ratchets.

A suitable mechanical design of a saclan device is shown in Fig. XVI. As shown in this figure, the indicator drum 327 is suspended on a shaft 330, which extends through the entire assembly of indicator drums. Each of the arms 326, which are substantially triangular in shape, has an ascending portion on which the gear assembly 325 is mounted. This is done by means of a shaft journal which extends laterally outwards from the free spirit on the arm 326 and carries the gear assembly. A control rod or shaft 331 extends through the entire assembly substantially parallel to the shaft 330 and on this is mounted a yoke 332 which can be pivoted back and forth a small angle to control the operation of the movable parts of the assembly.

When the indicating drums 327 are to be turned to the law corresponding to the result then accumulated in the electronic rakes, the control rod 331 and the yoke 332 are rotated clockwise as in Fig. XVI, until the yoke engages with one finger on a control arm 333 and one finger 334 on the arm 326. The resulting rotation of the control arm 333 by cam action pushes the ratchet 334 out of engagement with the gear and at the same time drives the yoke 332 by engaging against the finger 334 the arm 326 neatly, so that the gear assembly 325 is engaged with the drive wheel 328, which rotates counterclockwise in Fig. XVI. The drive wheel 328 now drives the gear assembly and this in turn drives the indicator drum 327 counterclockwise, so that the commutator mounted on its inside Hires past a series of brushes mounted on the arm 326 and connected to it through the side of the arm to challenge the group of conductors. When the drum is rotated to a position where the commutator indicates correspondence between the razor voltages and the position of the indicator drum, the solenoid 323 is magnetized to pull the ratchet rod 324 into engagement with a receiving tooth on the gear assembly 325. the following tooth is just clear from a stop rod 335, which prevents any backward bounce of the indicator drum 327. As the arm 326 moves upward, a gripping member 336 moves under a projecting tab on the arm 326, sA. that the arm is read in an iivre lage. This prevents any further change in the indication on this particular type wheel. After all the wheels on this set had been loaded, the yoke 332 was finally finished, which had been pushed back by the rules 333, which had not yet been released by the movement of the corresponding arms 326, finally to move to its Elven Age canned indicating that all type wheels had instant on properly set. This final motion of the yoke 332 may about sO. is used to initiate an operating cycle in a pressure mechanism.

A simplified diagram of suitable lighting devices for a sequence control device for the improved indication, multiplication and registration mechanism is shown in Figs. XVII and XVIII. As shown in Figs. XVII, a pair of AC power supply lines 340 and 341 are arranged to supply power to a glow current transformer 342 via a glow current switch 343. An anode voltage source 344 is fed from the lines 340 and 311 via a current generator 345. The current generator 345 controls a current. line 346, which supplies a motor 347 for driving the scanning mechanism on the road, a motor 348, which drives the pushing mechanism each time it is connected to the motor by means of a later described solenoid, and a rectifier 349, which leaves direct current to lines 350 and 351 for feeding the solenoids used in the control circuit. Two preferably rotary type SOL-1 and SOL-2 solenoids are commonly used in the actuator. The solenoid SOL-1 is arranged to operate the yoke 332 of Fig. XVI, which, as just mentioned, was used to unload the ratchets and engage the gear assemblies with the drive rollers 328. the other a single-pole two-way power switch. The single-pole single-way current generator 354 is connected in line J in Fig. XVIII, while the single-pole, two-way current filler 355 is connected in lines N and 0 in Fig. XVIII. The solenoid SOL-1 is arranged to end its. power supply 354, when it moves to the age in which all the gears are engaged with drive rollers. At the same time, it maneuvers its single-pole two-way switch 355 to its operated position and this switch returns the joke to its original state, the shape-solenoid SOL-1 and the yoke 332 reach their fully retracted age when the last indicator drum coming to the indication position is really locked. in this law. The renewed closing of the switch 355 is thus a signal that the rake indications have been properly reproduced by the indicating mechanism. The second solenoid SOL-2 is used to initiate the printing cycle and has a normally closed contact which is open during the feu. the printing cycle. This contact 356 is connected in the direct current supply line 351 to the coil of the solenoid SOL-1, as shown in Fig. XVII, line A.

Three relays R-1, R-2 and R-3 are used in the control device shown in Fig. XVIII. The various relays are necessary to interlock the operations so that incorrect operations or results are prevented. The special risk that one has to protect oneself against is partial unloading, ie. an independent scan of the VA-16— - gene or other condition-sensitive element. For example, if a recovery operation were to occur in the middle of a scan, then only the remaining part of this scan would be indicated. This would give a result that is much less than the actual indication of the instrument. To protect against this, the coupling is arranged so that the action of the start button does not automatically initiate a defrost operation. It can start the coupled type of scanner, because the actual scanning mechanism is engaged by a coupler and dilates to a single vary for each reading. In other types, where no coupling is used but the detour operates continuously, the start of the unloading operation must be synchronized with the detector. This is done by the relief device shown in Fig. XVIII. Assuming that the dissolver runs continuously, it is executed so that it. either mechanically through electrically operated actuators or electronically, as indicated in Fig. VII, generates certain signals. One of these signals, a scan start signal, occurs a short time before or at the beginning of the actual scan of the scale. This signal is indicated as the reset signal in Fig. XI and is provided by the scan switch 357 in line Q in Fig. XVIII.

In the sequence control device, the connection of which is shown in Fig. XVIII, the unloading operation is started by depressing a start button 358 in the line E, so that the strain can go from a positive line 359 through a current limiting resistor 360, the coil in the relay R-1 and thence through the normal closed contact R-2 to the second relay and the now closed pushbutton current filler 358 to the return line 361. Relay R-1 then closes its contact R-1 in line F, so that a hall circuit is formed, which hails relay 11-1 magnetized when pushbutton a slack es.

The function or interlocking of the relay R-1, which is represented by the third curve in the time diagram in Fig. XI, can, as it seems, take place at Aiken time as a hoist in relation to the scanning cycle of a continuously operating scanner. Such a scan is represented by the first curve in Fig. XI, where the start of a scan is marked by the ascending steps 362, while the end of scans is represented by the descending steps 363. The time of actuation of the start button and clamed magnetization of the relief B. -1 is represented by the ascending step 364.

After the line R-1 has been interlocked and closed its contact in the line A in Fig. XVII, the circuit for magnetizing the solenoid SOL-1 is closed the next time the scanner sinks its contact 85-1B in the line A at a time corresponding to the end of one. maximum scan, second curve in Fig. XI. The solenoid SOL-1 is magnetized only for a short time, when the scanner switch is closed and serves to release the gears in the display device and keep them in drive connection with the drive roller and at the same time to complete a circuit from the supply line by closing its contact 354 in line J 359 via resistor 365, the control coil for relay R-2 and the now closed contact 354. The solenoid contact 354 in line J remains closed until each of the indicator drums 327 has reached its final indication position and the release yoke 332 has returned to its capacity. Consequently, the relay R-2 turns on at least as long as shown by the sixth curve in Fig. XI. The relay R-2 is also turned on by the contact 366 on a pressure solenoid SOL-2, which remains closed until the end of the printing operation and by its own contact R-2 in the line K, which is in series with a second scanner contact 367 arranged to open shortly before the beginning of a scan.

The line R-2 has several contacts, one of which is shown connected in the line P in Fig. XVIII. This wire is connected to one of the grids in the amplifier and former coupler of Fig. VII to inactivate this coupling, so that the denim contact is closed. One. another contact in the relay R-2, which is shown connected in the line It is arranged to shunt and thereby leave a deflector return contact 357 inactive, which contact controls a recovery circuit which would otherwise restore the rakes during a discharge cycle. Normally, the rakes are periodically reset at the end of each scan by the action of the scanner contact 357 in line Q. This is the recovery signal which occurs in the lowest curve of Fig. XI.

As soon as all the indicator wheels have their final layers nailed, which is marked by the complete reset of the solenoid SOL-1, it closes its contact 355 in the line N, so that the relay R-3 is turned on by current from the line 359 through the relay coil in the line. Now and then through a rather large capacitor 368 at about 20 microfarads and further through the now re-closed contact 355 for the first solenoid. Through the charging current of the capacitor 368, the relay R-3 is turned on for a moment but long enough to close the contact R-3 in the line C and thus momentarily magnetize the solenoid SOL-2. During the instantaneous switching on of the relay R-3, its contact R-3 is also opened in the line F, so that the interlocking of the relay R-1 is broken and this relay is restored to its non-magnetized state. At the end of the pressure cycle, which is marked by the opening of the contact 366 in the line M on the solenoid SOL-2, the relay R-2 can be demagnetized. Whether or not the relay is actually demagnetized or not depends on the condition, the scanner contact 367 is in line K. This contact must also be opened to break the hall circuit line K to the coil of relay R-2. The R-2 Wiles relay is thus magnetized until the entire unloading and printing cycle is completed, thereby preventing malfunction, which could otherwise occur by inadvertently depressing the start button 358 during the unloading cycle.

If it is undesirable for the relays R-1 and R-2 to react very quickly, their control coils are fed across resistors 360 or 365, which are connected to the lead 361 over capacitors at 20 microfarads. The nth relay is demagnetized, the capacitor is charged to full voltage and when the circuit for the relay coil is closed, full voltage is momentarily pressed. The voltage and coil current then fall to the level determined by the resistance in the maneuvering coils and the series resistance 360 resp. 365.

This special coupling thus makes it possible to synchronize with a continuously operating scanner a readout operation, in which the result accumulated in the electronic rakes at the end of a scan is retained by inactivating the Ora reset coupling and this result is then transferred to the mechanical indicating mechanism and at the end of derma Transmission is registered by taking an impression of type wheels installed by the mechanical indicating mechanism. The device is heft f Orreglad, so that each step must be completed before another of the previous dependent steps can take place.

The connections shown in the lower part of Fig. VII also left electronic signals corresponding to the start and end of a scan and these signals could by means of selecting means be able to replace the current stables maneuvered by the scanner in Figs. XVII and XVIII.

Various other types of indicating or displaying devices may be used in conjunction with the electronic rakes of Fig. I. While the described indicating device may provide a mechanical indication, which may include indication by means of type wheels, other applications of the mechanism may require only a visual indication. . In some cases, it may even be inconvenient to operate addition machines or electric typewriters or similar equipment, such as short punching equipment, from the electronic razors.

A form of coupling suitable for accumulation and indication of the result accumulated in an electronic shaver according to the last search or the last unloading is damaged in Fig. XIX. Two decades 375 and 376 arbitrarily selected from a multi-decade tracker are shown by way of example only and need not necessarily represent any particular order in the tracker. Each of the decades has four output leads, such as leads 377, 378, 379 and 380 from the decade 376. These leads are preferably connected to the left anode in each of the four stages of the decade. Each of these wires is Over a hogohmic resistor of the order of 1 megohm, such as resistors 381, 382, 383 and 384, connected to the control grids of a group of double grid tyratrons 385388. The cathodes 389 in the tyratrons are connected to earth, as indicated by the earth symbols. The control grilles are also connected to one. negative bias line 390, via resistor 391-394. The thyratrons 385-388 are supplied with anode voltage via the anode voltage line 395 and each of the anode circuits contains a relay coil 396 shunted with a crystal rectifier 397. Normally the line 390 is pressurized to such a negative bias voltage that none of the tyratrons can conduct current, even if the anode voltage is patry.

When, at the end of a scan, a signal is received that the search is complete, line 390 is pressed a pulse in a positive direction of sufficient magnitude to rethink the bias voltage on the thyratrons, whose grids are connected to the rake anodes, which are then positive. Thus, when line 390 receives a pulse in a positive direction, the bias voltage on thyratrons 385-388 is reduced to different amounts depending on the line state of the associated stages of the decade. The magnitudes of the voltages are chosen so that the thyratrons will be ignited, only if the corresponding shaving nozzles lead to mark a shave therein. If the razor blade Or in a non-conductive state, ie. with the right half non-conductive and the left half conductive, the corresponding tyratron is not toothed. After the tyratrons have been selected, they continue to carry current regardless of the subsequent voltage steady state ph the grids and until the anode voltage line 395 through a pellet is made sufficiently negative to drive the anode potentials somewhat negative in relation to the cathode. Line 395 to-Hires a negative pulse sufficient to kill the thyratrons shortly after each scan of a continuously operating scanner. Operation sequence is that first the line 395 is first pressed a negative pulse to slacken any leading thyratrons and pit this set clear the storage and indication devices Iran any previous indications and that immediately thereafter, after the voltage is restored on the line 395, the line 390 is pressed a positive pulse for registration of the last 18— - accumulated shaving result in the electronic shaving device. On this salt, the accumulation and indication devices are cleared and restored within a very short time interval.

Each of the reels, whose windings 396 are included in the anode circuits of the thyratrons, control one or more single-pole two-way current switches. These are arranged in a matrix form, known as a contact matrix, so that, depending on the special combination of relays which are magnetized, they press voltage on one of eleven wires. The thyratron 388 gencan controls its rela a first switch 400, which corresponds to the shaving of a singular or the smallest part, which can be indicated by the decade. The second thyratron 387 corresponding to the second stage of the electronic shredder controls the stalls 401 and 402. Similarly, the third thyratron 386 corresponding to the third stage of the electronic shredder 376 controls four currenters 403, 404, 405 and 406, while the last the tyratron 385 corresponding to the fourth stage controls the power stables 407, 408, 409 and 410.

If no relay or no thyratron is magnetized or conductive, which corresponds to the result 0 in the razor, all switches are in the position shown, so that a wire coming into the current 400 via the current stables is connected by a wire to the line marked with 0 in the upper hOgra the horn in Fig. XIX. If only the first tyratron 388 is conducting, in the same way the circuit can be followed from the current switch 400 over the current switch 401 to the current switch 404 and thence over the line marked with the number 1. Other combinations of numbers may similarly be followed, each corresponding to the result recorded by the thyratrons, which corresponds to the result in the electronic calculator 376 at the time when the cla tyratron is pressed an impulse to take over or transfer the reading from the calculator to the thyratrons. The output voltages from the beams can be used to give different kinds of indication, such as incandescent lamps painted with each of these voltages and marked with the corresponding numerical value or they can consist of edge-lit transparent discs on each of which the corresponding number is engraved to represent the various figures superimposed on each other, the one whose lamp Or land appears most and the others very indistinct about all visible. Likewise, wires can be routed to solenoids mounted over the individual keys of a conventional addition machine, so that a solenoid for each row of keys is magnetized to the effect of the corresponding addition machine key. After all solenoids have been magnetized, a control signal can be averaged to the motor key to effect registration of the indication.

The signals for controlling the thyratrons, in particular the pulse voltages for the lines 390 and 395, are obtained from the connection shown in the lower half of Fig. VII, which has been previously mentioned but not described in detail. According to this figure, the clutch is pressed a voltage pa. approximately +230 V in relation to ground Over a line 411. This line leaves voltage to a first voltage divider consisting of resistors 412, 413, 414, of which the latter two are shunted with a voltage regulating glow discharge tube 415. The voltage regulating glow discharge tube 415 leaves voltage for The B + line in the pulse amplifier and shaping couplings shown in the upper half of Fig. VII. Via the voltage divider formed by the resistors 413 and 414, the voltage control tube 415 further laminates a reference voltage for a first grid 416 in an amplifier for a voltage control coupling, which contains a series regulator tube 417. The control tube 417 has the anode and shield grid connected to the positive lead 411, the cathode 411. the thyratron supply line 395 and also to an anode 419 in the amplifier 420. The amplifier 420 is cathode coupled and has a cathode resistor 421 connected between the cathode of the rudder and earth. It also includes an anode resistor 422 for the anode 423 in the other half of the tube, which anode 423 is directly connected to a grid 424 in the series regulator tube 417. After grid 425, voltage is received from a voltage divider 426, 427, the second resistor 427 of which is capacitor 428. With this device, an increase in the voltage of the cathode 418 in the regulator tube results in a winding of the current through the left half of the tube 420 and thus in one. Winding of the current through the anode resistor 422 so that the voltage on the grid 424 in the regulator tube is reduced and downstream the current through the tube decreases and lowers the voltage on the cathode 418. . the supply line 411.

The bias voltage on line 390 is obtained from the Iran cathode in an amplifier conductor 430, the anode of which is directly connected to the positive line 411 and the cathode of which via a resistor 431 is connected to the negative line 188. A grid in the amplifier 430 is connected to a voltage divider. from the negative lead 188 to ground and a portion of this voltage divider is adjustable so that the cathode potential of the amplifier 430, which supplies the bias line 390, can be installed at a desired operating condition depending on the bias voltage requirements of the thyratrons.

As Mut is called, the rectifier 167 in Fig. VII in combination with the voltage divider 170, 171 serves the capacitor 168 to drive the grating 169 in the Schmidt coupling negatively during the duration of a scanning pulse sequence. Due to the tripping function, the voltage on the output line 172 from the tripping connection of a sharp negative current runs at the beginning of a scan and then remains negative until the reception of pulses from the scanning device ceases and a short time thereafter returns in the positive direction. Ater-gar. This voltage jump is transmitted via line 172 and capacitor 432 to a main grid 433 in an amplifier 434. The potential of the control grid 433 in amplifier 434 is stabilized by the voltage divider resistors connected between a positive line 435 at approximately 170 V in relation to ground and ground. The first negative-going portion of the voltage wave on line 172 has no effect on the amplifier 434, except that it partially charges the capacitor 432 across the voltage divider. This is because the amplifier is already energized by bias voltage and a negative signal cannot reverse this condition. At the end of the de-sensing, when the voltage on line 172 crosses in the positive direction, a positive voltage pulse is applied to the grid 433, amplified in the left half of the tube and pressed via line 436 and the coupling capacitor 437 a control grid in the amplifier 430. One voltage was positive on of the amplifier's input grid 433, it produces a negative voltage pulse on the control grid in the amplifier 130 and thereby tends to reduce the bias voltage on line 390 by driving the control grid in the amplifier 430 and thereby its cathode in the negative direction relative to their original state. This charges the coupling capacitor 437, which in conjunction with a grating resistor 438 has a short time constant, so that at the pulse of the time constant of the amplifier 434 capacitor 432 the decreasing grating in the amplifier 430 is positively driven, so that a positive voltage is momentarily depressed by the line 390. This positive potential However, until the pulse is rebuilt, it is delayed in the stable to occur simultaneously with the pulse.

The negatively directed pulse on line 436 is transmitted live via a coupling capacitor 439 and a resistor 440 to the second grid in the amplifier 434 and amplified in the corresponding tube section and transmitted via the output line 441 as a positive pulse to a control grid 412 in an amplifier 443. Out - the pass signal from the amplifier 443 is transmitted via a coupling capacitor 444 to the control grid 424 in the control tube 417. 395 to earth potential or near earth potential and thereby slacken any tyratrons, which could be leading. The time for slackening of the thyratrons is short compared to the time constants in the circuits of amplifiers 434 and 443, so that the thyratrons are definitely slackened before the supply voltage returns at the end of the pulse and the grid bias on line 390 is made positive by a pill.

This coupling in combination with the thyratron and relay couplings in Fig. XIX forms a kind of accumulating indication, in that the relays are in the on or off state from cycle to cycle and only others their state, as there is a change in the indication on the scale. This is due to the fact that the time during which the tyratrons are non-conductive, until they again lead the next cycle, is very short compared to the release time of the relays. A relit will then work, only when it is required to follow a real change in the indication between a scan and the following.

This coupling together with the belt matrix shown in Fig. XIX can be used to maneuver a ten-key addition machine or a short punching equipment or electric typewriters by arranging a step selector to in turn scan the output lines of the various relamatrices to maneuver the corresponding keys or keys. the typewriter. However, a more economical device can be obtained by arranging a step switch pit the input side to the thyratrons and replacing the tyratrons with vacuum tubes and using only a series of relays. Such a connection is disconnected in Fig. XX, where lines 451--454 with their series resistors are connected to corresponding sockets in step switches generally disconnected at 455. Although lines from only one decade are shown, it was assumed that other decades should be connected to other groups. withdrawals in tar and order with the beginning with the value of the higher order first and continuation through the lower orders in the direction of the movement of the step fire. The contact arms 456--459 are directly connected to control grids 460, 461, 462, 463 in trio amplifiers 464, 465, 466 and 467. The control grids in the amplifiers are awn connected to a bias line Over resistor 468. The bias voltage is set to resist. corresponding amplifier carriers will forage strain, if their grids are connected to a wire connected to a non-conductive part of the associated electronic rake decade, then a positive voltage appears ph the wires 451-454. The amplifiers 464-467 will thus represent the state of the electronic rake decade, to which their grids are connected. XIX, which coils are arranged to operate contacts or switches arranged in a matrix for supplying from an input line 469 a circuit to selected output lines 470. The output lines 470 may be connected to solenoids arranged to operate a standard ten-key typewriter or addition machine, actuator in a short punching equipment. Additional control devices for regulating the advance of the step switch can not alit according to the requirements of the associated equipment. Such actuators are not indicated in the drawings, otherwise they may vary in accordance with the equipment to be operated.

In this connection, it is partly necessary that when the step switch is stepped forward for transfer of the rake indications to the printing or indicating devices, the razor itself was deactivated. This is done by deactivating the input amplifier and former coupler and by simultaneously disabling the reset coupling so that the razor cannot work.

Claims (2)

Patent claim: A state-feeding or indicating apparatus having a movable, state-scanning means, the magnitude of which is indicated by carefully shaving a series of photoelectric pulses generated by unloading a scale of a photoelectric device, the scale bar of which is variably tapped corresponding to the state-scanning means. characterized in that the scale-scaled scale (80) is arranged stationary in the motion path of the state-scanning means (79, 96) and that the number of photoelectric impulses is determined by the magnitude of the motion of the state-scanning means relative to the scale for detecting the scale lines on the same the unloading device (101-112) comprises a projection optics (101-109) with a lens (109) movable in relation to the scale (80) and optically coated between the scale and a photoelectric means, which is arranged to throw successive images at the uncovered shell lines against the photoelectric or ganet (112), which is provided with a mixer (100), which limits the light incident on the organ to the frail a single dash projected, thereby generating the series of photoelectric pulses which are to be accurately traced. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the scale lines consist of straight lines arranged parallel to each other over a baffle-shaped band and that the lens (109) of the optical system is arranged to move in a corresponding baffle-shaped path for projecting images of the individual scale lines of the photoelectric device (112). Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the photoelectric reading device (101-112) is arranged to operate continuously and that a device (165-185, Fig. VII; 357, Fig. XVIII) is arranged for restoring a rake device for the photoelectric pulses immediately before generating each series of such pulses. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the recovery device is constituted by electronic circuits (165-185), which are probable for the first pulse in each series of photoelectric pulses. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that means (126-128) are arranged to stop the photoelectric relief device (101-112) in a position immediately before the scale scanning area and that a means (129) is fixedly arranged to trigger these stop means for effecting a single scan of the shell (80) depending on a start signal. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pulse device, generated by the photoelectric reading device (101-112), is capable of generating a predetermined number of voltage pulses for each such pulse. and that means (29, 34, Fig. I) are provided for shaving these voltage pulses. Request publications: Patent Office Ter! Rein Sweden 88 709; France 980 052, 1 034 751; United Kingdom 725 926, 744 321, 749 09 2. Stockholm 1962. Kungl. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & & incr. 620089 to frt I 0I tr) 1 P1.1 GENERALSTAGENS LITOGR.