SE179373C1 - - Google Patents

Description

Inventor: K Gosslau Priority begtird from 24 September 1953 (Federal Republic T gsk (and) mom the electrical messageTransfer technology, especially in electronic transmission technology, one is often faced with the task of shifting pulses in time or, which in reality is equivalent, achieve In order to achieve short pulse time shifts, time shift nights can be used, which are, for example, built up of individual reactance elements. Thus, apart from the consequent consumption of accurately tuned capacitances and inductances, each reactance element causes a certain distortion of the pulse to be transmitted, which distortion is summed. along the time delay network, and when interconnecting a larger number of reactance elements due to this leading to impermissible distortion values. In addition, the habit of such a night with an increasing number of elements entails a considerable reduction of the pulse energy. A further disadvantage of these ordinary long or chain chains is that the accuracy of the one with these ends depends on the goodness of the individual inductors and capacitors, that is, especially on their precise lineage and time constancy. In the case of long chains for larger time offsets, there is always a certain uncertainty regarding the possibility of repeating the time offset, since too many coupling elements affect the accuracy of the device.

Asa has proposed another way, in which the pulse intended for the offset, which in the following is called the initial pulse, is thus a time deviating pulse, which in reality is equivalent to a time offset of the first-mentioned pulse. By using this method, time intervals of arbitrary length can be achieved between the starting pulse and the time deviating from this pulse without the time accuracy or pulse shape suffering. This method consists in that a pulse counter, which after supply of a certain number of input pulses, emits an output pulse shaved from the moment in which a starting pulse occurs, is fed with a frail a pulse generator emitted pulse sequence, breath until the pulse counter emits an output pulse. The period of this output pulse of the pulses recordable by the pulse counter is calculated by so that the time interval between the starting pulse and the output pulse of the pulse counter corresponds at least approximately to the desired time interval.

In contrast to the time delay slats constructed of reactance elements, the components of the pulse calculator in this process do not affect the accuracy of the achievable time offset, since this depends only on the time constant of the pulse generator. However, this coupling element Ar is independent of the capacity of the pulse calculator, i.e. the number of pulses that the pulse calculator can pick up until an output pulse is delivered, and dr armed a-ven depending on the time offset.

The present invention relates, as mentioned, to a switching device for generating an output pulse which is 100 pulse periods time-shifted relative to a given instantaneous moment, with the aid of a pulse generator which is fed with pulses in a pulse pulse generated by a pulse generator. This coupling device can be characterized essentially by the fact that the pulse counter is composed of six series, binary pulse counter stages connected in series, the first of which is arranged to supply the stroke generated by the pulse generator at the exact moment in which the determination of the desired time delay is to begin. one of the last binary rake steps in the pulse calculator receives a first output pulse, after the pulse raker has raked 64 pulses in the pulse bar, which output pulse is arranged to control a switching means connected to the output of the next last binary rake stage in such a way as to participate switching means above it. , after a further 32 input pulses at the output of the latter shaving stage, the output pulse to the input of a four pulse periods generated time-delayed delay night, at the output of which the desired time-delayed pulse is emitted, the roaring of the pulse bar feed to the input of the binary pulse razor, while pulses taken from sockets on the displacement mesh are arranged to interrupt the connection between the output of the penultimate binary razor stage and the input of the mesh ratchet and the return of the penultimate binary rake stage to the resting stage.

The invention is elucidated in the accompanying sehematic drawings, which & As Examples are AskAdIiggSra nAgra embodiments.

Fig. 1 shows a principle connection operating according to the method described above, in which a series of binary pulse calculator steps is used as a pulse calculator.

Fig. 2 represents a detailed wiring diagram of a binary rake step.

Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the current switch S shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 shows a series of time curves, which are intended to ash the electrical outlets in a coupling device according to Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 shows a circuit breaker which operates in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 6 relates to a modification in accordance with the invention.

In Fig. 7, a series of binary shaving steps D1 — D7 are associated with associated pulse accumulators M1 — M7, by means of which a pre-installation of the shaving steps is effected. The figure shows in particular the layer of the individual pulse accumulation stages after 60 pulses have been applied and the layer of the razor stages since the layer of the pulse rakes opposite has been transferred from the pulse accumulator to the raking stages.

In Figs.

In Fig. 10 a connection is ash-damaged, by means of which a new pulse bar can be generated on the basis of a starting pulse. The period of Tars is determined by the desired time interval.

Fig. 1 shows a coupling device for carrying out the known method. liar Or the pulse calculator made up of six series-connected binary shaving stages D1 — D6. As is well known, such shaving steps can only involve two teams, namely the shaving team and the rest team. Their instantaneous logs are shown in this figure and the following by dashing one half of each straight step. Stretching of the right half means resting layer oeh of the left half shaving layer. The reversal from one to the other layer is effected by an input pulse of a certain polarity. When reversing from the rake layer to the resting layer, the binary rake knee steps emit a pulse of the same polarity to their output. Tint & man salunda the entrance of a shdant in rest position existing rake step a pulse, then it passes to rake layer. When a further pulse is applied, the Ater returns to the resting layer, whereby it emits a pulse at its output. If. connects such binary shaving steps in series, as has been done in a coupling device according to Fig. 1, which usually gives shaving steps when applying two pulses a pulse to the following shaving steps. Assuming there are binary calculators, it is thus clear that to the input of the calculator consisting of such series-connected calculators, i.e. to the input of the first shaving stage DI, 2 pulses must be applied, if the pulse shredder in its output, in this case all the output from the shaving stage D6, is to emit a pulse. Thus, at the six present stages, 26 = 64 input pulses are required to turn on. the output E4 of the pulse counter generates a pulse. A corresponding calculation of course applies above to the outputs of the pulse generator's individual steps, ie. at the output of the fourth rake stage D4 a pulse arises, when the input E1 for the pulse counter is supplied 24 = 16 pulses.

The condition that the individual razor stages with a similar razor must take after supplying a certain number of pulses is obtained by the following reasoning: the second pulse is reversed the first stage, giving a pulse to part of the second stage, back to the resting layer, the second stage tilting Over to the shaving layer, and so on. You can do that. harleda The following law binding: The number of pulses z, which a razor step in a heart rate monitor indicates, satisfies the equation z = 2 (-1), van i n Or the order number for the current step. Thus, if the fourth step is in shear position, then the pulse number z = 24-11 = 8. The total number of pulses taken up by the pulse counter is obtained by adding the number obtained for the usual step.

The input E1 for the pulse counter Or is connected - - over the current switch S with a pulse generator G. This current switch has two terminals E2 and E3, to which pulses serving for closing and breaking the current switch must be supplied. An over clamp E2 supply pulse causes closure and an over clamp E3 supply pulse causes breakage of the air conditioner. The terminal E3 is connected to the pulse generator's output E4.

The setting of this switching device Or as follows: If the terminal E2 is supplied with a starting pulse, which is to give rise to a time-shifted pulse, then this pulse produces a closure in the current generator S, whereupon the pulses appearing at the output E5 cause the pulse generator G to reach the pulse counter input E1. The binary shaving stages are then continuously switched on until the 64th input pulse produces an output pulse from the shaving stage D6. This pulse, which occurs at the output of the pulse counter E4, picks up the clamp E3 for the switch S and causes the air in the switch to be interrupted, thereby interrupting the supply of the pulse counter with the pulses emitted by the pulse generator G. The pulse appearing at the output E4 at the same time constitutes the desired time-shifted pulse. Namely, between the occurrence of a pulse ph clamp E2 and the emission of a pulse at the output E4, there is a time interval of 63 periods in the pulse sequence of the pulse generator G, which is enclosed by the pulse taken up by the pulse counter. The time shift interval Or thus given through the period gets this pulse sequence and capacity of the pulse tracker, in this case 64 pulses.

In connection with the razor stage D6 Or a transformer tfl and a rectifier Gil drawn. Furthermore, pulses of a certain polarity are indicated at the individual brackets. The information for these switching elements and the polarity of the pulses shown are apparent from the structure of the binary shaving stages D1 — D6 of the current of the current switch S, which L will be further elucidated in the continuation.

Fig. 2 shows the complete coupling of an edge binary shaving step in the kind which can be used as the shaving steps D1-D6 schematically shown in Fig. 1. The binary rake stage outputs a rocker coupling with the had rudders R1 and R2, -yilka's anodes each Over an RC element W1, C1, and W2, C2 Oro connected to the grid of the other rudder. Rudder Oro Over the two anode resistors W3 and W4 connected to the common supply voltage Ul. Bada rarer). have a common cathode resistor W5, which bridges a capacitor C4 so as to maintain the voltage present at the anode current through the resistor W5 during the reversal from one layer to the second current. The voltage falling across the cathode resistor W5 is supplied as grating bias + War grating varnishes W6 and W7 to the grating of the hated pipes. The coupling device has an input E6, which Over rectifiers G12 and G13 Or are connected to the heads R1 and R2 grille. These rectifiers had the effect that only pulses of a certain polarity could affect the switching device. Corresponding to the plotted direction of transmission, the rectifiers Or in the present case have pulses of negative polarity.

Effect of the coupling Or As follows: It is assumed that the starting point is the resting layer, in which the rudder R2 Or is leading. To follow the air voltage case Above the resistor W4 lies a relatively low potential ph of this rudder anode. Raret R1 Or through voltage drop Over cathode resistor W5 sparred. This voltage drop is admittedly divided above on the R2 grid of the tube, which, however, is at a higher potential on the R1 grid of the tube, since no voltage drop occurs on the anode resistor W3 due to the rudder R1 of the tube. Or connected On Iran rOrets R2 anode to rorets R1 grid. This lase remains salunda stable. The same reasoning glies Oven for the rake team, in which the rudder Ri Or leading and the rudder R2 Or sparred. If the coupling device present at rest (now conducting R2) is now supplied via the input E6 with a negative pulse of sufficient voltage, sa. the rudder R2 is sparred under the influence of this pulse. Through this sparring, the potential at its anode increases. Due to the action of the capacitor C1, a positive pulse appears on the tube R1 of the tube, which makes the tube R1 conductive. Mimed, the coupling device has been reversed from the rest position to the rake position. The increase in the potential of the anode of the tube R2 also results in a positive pulse at the output E7 of the switching device, which is spared by the capacitor C3 or is reserved for direct voltages. This positiya pulse Or without yerkan, if to the output E7 a similar binary shear stage Or connected, since the rectifiers G12 and G13 corresponding to the rectifiers of such a connected shear stage prevent the uptake of the positive pulse. However, if the shaving step forms the last step in a pulse counter, in the case shown in Fig. 1, i.e. the shaving step D6, this pulse must be suppressed, if it is desired that only pulses of the same polarity should appear at the output of a device according to Fig. 1.

For this purpose Or in the coupling according to Fig. 1 the rectifier Gil arranged. If the stage D6 in Fig. 1 emits a positive pulse, its polarity is reversed by the transformer D1, the function of which will be apparent from the explanation of Fig. 3. It appears on the secondary side of the transformer D1 with negative polarity, where it is short-circuited by the rectifier G11. As a result, the impact of the switch S Over clamp E3 does not occur either.

TRH & man a coupling device according to Fig. 2 existing in the rake bearing (pipe R1) over the input E6 a negative pulse, so the coupling device is reversed in the described manner Ater back to the resting layer, ie. r5ret R2 over * frau non-conductive to conductive state. Thereby, the potential of its anode decreases, which results in a negative pulse removable at the output E7. Such a negative pulse is thereby able to divert an additional connected shaving stage. The forwarding of the connected rake steps takes place armed only when the previous rake steps have received two negative input pulses. If the raking stage forms the last stage of the pulse calculator, thus in Fig. 1 the stage W6, the negative output pulse through the transformer C1 is converted into a positive pulse, which at its full height is removable at the output E4, since the rectifier Gil in this case remains sparred. The coupling shown in Fig. 1 thus picks up positive pulses on its terminal E2 and emits in its output E4 time-shifted pulses of the same polarity.

The coupling device shown in Fig. 3 constitutes an exemplary embodiment of the strip staller S. shown in Fig. 1. hada clamps E2 and E3, which correspond to the clamps E2 and E3 shown in Fig. 1, The hada k-clamps each lead their connection to the hada pipes R3 and 114 grids. In the usual connection, a capacitor C6 resp. C7 inlet for DC voltage blocking as well as a rectifier G14 resp. G15. The rectifiers are so used that only positive pulses can be achieved. the two rudder R3 and R4 grids. If a positive pulse is applied to one of the conductors R3 and R4, which is just non-conductive, the coupling is reversed (see the description of Fig. 2). If the rudder is already in a conducting state, such an impulse is ineffective.

As shown in the figure, the anode of the tube 114 is directly connected to the grid GI in a multi-grid R5. The output E5 of the pulse generator G is also connected to the grid G2. The rudder R5 is so constructed that positive voltages must lie on its main grids G1 and G2 in order for the rudder to be conductive. Thus, from the anode in the tube 114 to the grid G1 in the tube R5 a positive voltage, so the positive pulses from the pulse generator G can open the tube 115. In this case lie on the anode of the tube R5 and thus on the pulse calculator input El pulses, which due to the phase relationship between grids and anode voltage have a negative polarity. The clamps E1 and E5 correspond to those denoted in the same way in Fig. 1. The supply voltages U2 for the rocker coupling and U3 for the multi-grid tube R5 are so selected that when the tube R4 is passed through due to low anode potential, the multi-grid 115 is energized and in the spar state of the tube 114 due to the high anode potential of the multi-grid R5, positive bias is present. The coupling device operates in the following way: TRIMres in a coupling state, when the tube 114 is Ie. and therefore the multi-grid 115 is locked, the terminal E2 a positive pulse is reversed, the coupling device is reversed, whereby the tube R4 is locked and a positive voltage is supplied to the grid G1 of the multi-grid 115. As a result, at the input E1 of the pulse counter blocked by the capacitor C5, the pulse emitted from the pulse generator G is generated with a negative polarity. Only with this polarity is it, as previously stated, usable in the heart rate monitor. An E2 clamp to a positive pulse thus achieves this. closing of the power switch. If in this state a positive pulse is applied to the input E3, then the switching device is reversed to the original layer, in which the ring R4 was conductive. Due to this, the multi-grid 115 is locked and the forwarding of the pulses is interrupted, ie. a clamp E3 to a positive pulse causes the switch to break.

In Fig. 4, the course of the electrical states in a switching device according to Fig. 1 is reproduced. Part of the figure omitted the time interval was indicated by interruptions in the baseline. At the reference numeral E5 the pulses appearing at the input E5 of the switch S are shown and at the reference numeral E2 a starting pulse is shown. This pulse produces, from its origin, the closing of the switch S. During the time the switch is closed, a positive voltage lies on the grid GI in the multi-grid 115 in Fig. 3. At the male reference numeral G1 in Fig. 4, this voltage profile is plotted, from which the closing time of the switch is shown. In the following lines, the electrical processes at the inputs and outputs of the individual straightening steps are indicated. D1-D6 denote the pulses appearing immediately at the outputs of these straight-line stages and thus at the inputs of the following stages. At the raking stage D1, & Asom, every pulse from the pulse generator produced from the onset of a pulse, which is to be time-shifted, produces a reversal of this stay, sa. to, in step with the pulse sequence which has been neutralized at E5, pulses of alternating polarity arise. the exit to Dl. The first pulse here is positive polarity, since it is based on the resting position of the pulse calculator. Since only the negative pulses facilitate the forwarding of the following shaving steps, the pulses plotted at D2 have twice the distance in relation to those plotted at D1. Habit negative output pulse frail D2 diverts titer D3. Due to the further doubling of the time pulse for the output pulses from D3, only a single positive pulse is plotted for the displayed time interval shortly after the occurrence of the pulses which are to be time-shifted. Of the pulses appearing at the outputs of stages D4, D5 and D6, each has only the last negative pulse plotted, which coincides with the 64th pulse from the pulse generator G and returns the pulse counter to the resting state. The pulse occurring from the ph output frail D6 was polarized by the action of the transformer Ui in Fig. 1 and is led from the terminal E4 to the terminal E3 of the current switch S. It opens the power switch S. This pulse is displayed at the male display designations E4 / E3.

If you had a pulse generator with a fixed pulse sequence, then you can obtain time offsets with a device: Which device is equal to the product of the period t for the pulse sequence and the capacity of the pulse counter , the larger the pulse calculator's capacity Or, which is realized by the starting pulse hi. a. can occur at a good visible time between two pulses frau. the pulse generator. The lack of accuracy can be avoided by the fact that the starting pulse is derived from a pulse obtained by the Iran pulse generator. In this case, you get a clear start moment for the process, which is played out at the function described above.

A time shift offset by a certain interval, which deviates from the IrOn offset interval light (T • t), can thus. not realized by the method described above. Della Or disadvantageous, especially due to the fact that binary razor steps only fall under the two-exponent law (21, 2, 3 ,.), for which reason only minor values, which are also unfavorable, fall within the technically usable area.

By means of the present invention it is possible to extend the limited scheme based on the above power series. By the invention, a pulse can be shifted 100 periods, i.e. a number of periods not found in the two-power series. This 100-period impulse shift is extremely important from a technical point of view, since the number 100 is derived from the decimal system, which has many uses in the art and especially the Mom message transmission technique.

In order to shift a pulse by 100 periods, in accordance with the invention six series-linked binary shaving steps are arranged, the output pulse removable from the last stage (after 64 input pulses) being used to prevent the outputs from the penultimate shaving step with a time-shifting night. The following output pulse from this stage (after a further 32 input pulses, thus a total of 96 input pulses) is then applied to the timing delay. This time delay night is so structured that there is a time delay of 5 periods. This results in a total time shift of 95 + 5 = 100 periods, since 96 pulses enclose 95 periods. The time delay delay supplying the output pulse Iran the penultimate shaving step was used simultaneously to interrupt the supply of the pulse tracker with the pulse sequence given by the frail pulse generator, since at the output of this output pulse the task of the pulse tracker Or is completed. In order to return the entire device to idle mode, the connection between the output of the penultimate robbery stage and the time delays stage is again broken by removable pulses on the time delay network and the last Ilken stage is restored to the idle layer, since the pulse calculator jokes a complete breakthrough a second time. The starting pulse from the Mist last shaving step had in fact forwarded the last shaving step to the shaving layer, from which it must then be experienced to the resting layer.

Fig. 5 shows a coupling device operating according to this method in the form of an exemplary embodiment. As with the switching device according to Fig. 1 Or Oven has the generator. G, a current generator S and one of six binary razor stages D1 — D6 consisting of pulse calculators showed. The same construction elements have the same male reference designations. Deviations from the switching device according to Fig. 1 are limited to the fact that in the switching device according to Fig. on a first outlet Al in the time delay network Li the removable pulses. The current generator S 'can have the same construction as the current generator S' shown in Fig. 1, for which reason its clamps have corresponding reference numerals. Thus, the Miler clamp E2 'is output pulses from the last shaving stage D6 (as in the embodiment of Fig. 1 with polarity converted by the transformer .01), which occur near the closure of the current generator S'. The pulses nO at the outlet A1 of the time delay network L1 can be removed up to the terminal E3 'and provide the opening of the current switch S'. For that after delivery of it after 96 input pulses pa. the output of the razor stage D5 removable output pulse, then the pulse calculator completes its task, must be able to interrupt the supply of the pulse calculator with the pulses emitted by the generator G, The output pulse transmitted by the current generator S 'from the stage D5 changes beyond the current generator S and causes it to be broken. Fore outlet Al pd. In addition, a time terminal A2 is provided, from which a connection across the transformer leads to the input of the rake stage D6. The pulse conducted over this connection serves to restore the shaving step D6 from the shaving layer to the resting layer.

The mode of action of this coupling Or as follows: If a starting pulse is applied to the terminal E2 of the switch S, then the named 6— - da switch is closed on the set already described. In this case, the supply of the pulse robber begins with pulses emitted from the generator G, until the pulse counter at its output El emits an output pulse. This output pulse, which is triggered by the 64th input of the pulse pulses supplied by the pulse counter, causes the current switch S 'to close. For MA drive, the following output pulse Iran can calculate step D5, which is triggered at the 96th input pulse for the pulse counter, achieve the input E8 for the time delay network Li, which at its output E9 emits the desired 100 periods offset pulses. From the moment of delivery of the time delay network L1 supply the output pulse from the red knee stage D5 to the first connection the Indian pulse generator G and the pulse counter are interrupted, since in this case the operation of the pulse counter Ar is terminated. The attainment of the switch S The resulting pulse is thus taken out behind the switch S ', i.e. from the clamp El 'resp. the input E8 of the time delay night Li and the terminal E3 of the current switch S is supplied. Thus, the shift process ended. However, Anna restores the restoration of the coupling device to the resting device, since the current switch S 'is still in the closed state and the shaving stage D6 has been switched to the rectifier through the output pulse of the shaving stage D5. First, for reasons further discussed below, the raking step DO must be restored to the resting state. Delta takes place through the pulse removable at the output A2 from the time-shifting network Li, which has a positive polarity and is polarized by means of the transformer t) '2. The negative pulse arising from this polarization reaches the input of the arithmetic stage D6 and here acts as an output pulse from the arithmetic stage D5. It restores here through the raking step DO from rd.kne15.get to viloldget. In order that this negative pulse does not simultaneously Over the rectifier G111 and the still closed current switch S 'shall reach' the inlet E8 of the time delay line lies between the connections E15 and E16, to which the transformer U2 and the rectifier G111 Arc are connected, the rectifier G112 connected with such polarity, a negative pulse cannot reach the connection E16 to the connection E15. In this case, the specified order of connections E15 and El6 will be fulfilled for the reasons stated above. In this case, the red stage D6 emits an output pulse, which reaches the switch S 'clamp E2', but nevertheless remains ineffective at this, since the switch is still closed there. The pulse in this state can do nothing else. After this process has ended, a pulse arises at the outlet A1 on the time delay network Li, which is applied to the terminal E3 'for the current divider S'. This pulse causes the switch S 'to open. Had the connections connected to the sockets A1 and A2 been reversed, ie. so first Ater 8 opened the current generator S 'and then restored the rake stage D6, sh the output pulse caused by resetting the rdkn stage D6 had again stopped the current adjuster S' for this stage, so that the device would not have gone to rest.

From the explanation of Fig. 3 it appeared that the current switch S reverses the polarity of the pulses from the pulse generator G. A negative pulse is supplied to the current switch S 'in Fig. , if it is assumed that the coupling device according to Fig. 3 is used as the current divider S '. The tube R5 in Fig. 3 thereby acts on the following wear: During the opening time of the current switch there is a positive potential on the clamp E12, so that the tube R5 pulls up, 5. even if a positive potential lies on the grate G2 of the tube R5. A negative pulse applied to the clamp E5 lowers this potential and locks the tube for the duration of the pulse, whereby a positive pulse is achieved at the input E1. Correspondingly, a positive pulse is shown at the terminal El 'in Fig. 5.

Before. step D5 with the 96th input pulse emits a negative output pulse, its output a positive pulse arises, namely at the moment of reversal from the resting layer to the razor blade. This is utilized by the 80th input pulse at a time when the current switch S 'dr is closed. In order to prevent such a positive pulse from being passed on and appearing at the output E1 of the time delay night, the rectifier G111 is arranged, which in correspondence with its polarity inhibits the transmission of positive pulses.

In order to bring the desired time shift as close as possible with the time shift effected by the pulse counter, a modification of the above-described method can be advantageously used, according to which the pulse counter is pre-installed before the starting pulse occurs, which corresponds to recording a certain number of pulses. If this pre-setting is made dependent on the output of an output pulse through the pulse counter, then this pre-installation arises arising from the occurrence of the starting pulse again at the usual output pulse. The number of pulses that the pulse calculator can absorb after its pre-installation is a measure of the time offset to be obtained. The necessary pre-installation of the time offset with a certain desired number of periods of the pulse sequence emitted by the pulse generator is equal to the pulse number difference J between the pulse counter capacity and the number of pulses which the desired number of periods includes, thus J = -h. 1), since (p + 1) pulses comprise p periods. The capacity of the pulse counter must, of course, be at least equal to the number of pulses, which comprise the maximum number of periods predicted, in order for such a time shift to also be realized.

- - This procedure shall be explained in conjunction with a numerical example. The capacity of the pulse calculator is assumed to be 64 pulses (corresponding to six binary shaving steps: 2 "= 61). A time shift of 20 periods must be achieved. , since 21 pulses enclose 20 periods.

One can of course combine with each other the various possibilities, such as the multiple shaving of the heart rate monitor, the use of an output pulse on an arbitrary binary shaving step, the use of a time delay night and the pre-installation of the heart rate monitor to obtain the desired time offset with the least monthly material access.

The pre-installation method can advantageously also be used to shift a pulse 100 periods of the pulse sequence emitted by the pulse generator. Seven pulse-connected shaving steps are used as pulse calculators, of which the first, third, fourth and ferrite are brought from the resting layer to the shaving layer by pre-installation. This preset corresponds to the recording of 29 pulses. The seven-stage pulse counter, which emits an output pulse from the resting layer when the 128th input pulse is picked up, utilizes an output pulse already after 128-29 = 99 input pulses as a result of this pre-installation, which corresponds to a time shift of 98 periods of the pulse sequence emitted from the pulse generator. , since 99 pulses enclose 98 periods. This output pulse is then applied to a time-shift end, which produces a time shift of two periods, so that a total time shift of 98 + 2 = 100 periods is obtained. Since the output pulse removable from the pulse calculator has been emitted, the function of the pulse calculator is fulfilled, this output pulse is used to interrupt the pulse counter supply with the pulse sequence emitted by the Iran pulse generator. In order to then pre-set the pulse counter again after interruption of this supply, a pulse which can be removed at an outlet on the time delay network is used, which is applied to the first, third, fourth and fifth counting stages.

Fig. 6 shows a coupling device which operates according to the described method. The coupling elements shown in this figure, which are similar to the coupling elements in Figs. 1 and 5, have the same reference numerals, so that it is superfluous that none of these coupling elements are actuated. The output E1 from the seventh razor stage D7 in the pulse calculator with the razor stages D1-D7 is connected to the input E10 of the time delay night L2. A continuous pulse displacement through pulse is taken on the socket A3 and polarized by the transformer CM. The polar pulse then reaches the inputs of the D1, D3, D4 and D5 rectifiers G16 — G19 the rectifiers G16 — G19. The rectifiers are so used that from the transformer 03 to the inputs of the said raking steps only negative pulses can be obtained, with which only a forwarding of the raking steps is possible. Like the straighteners, the negative pulses generated at the outputs of the individual shaving stages, for forwarding the following stages, pass the individual stages and can be transmitted via the named connections in an undesired manner. However, these rectifiers do not prevent the positive pulses arising from the reversal of the rake steps from Iran to the red-layered ox at these outputs from being passed on (for that matter the rake steps consist of a coupling according to Fig. 2). In order to prevent the intrusion of such pulses in the time displacement network L2, the rectifier G110 is arranged, which short-circuits all the positive voltages which are passed on across the rectifiers G16-G19.

This switching device operates on 101st salt: It is assumed that the pulse counter is in the preset state, ie. it indicates the number 29. In the construction of the raking steps by a coupling device according to Fig. 2, in this case the left-hand corpses (corresponding to the rare R1 in Fig. 2) in the raking steps D1, D3, D4, D5 are conductive. This is indicated by skewing the left sides of these razor blades. If the device is then supplied with a starting pulse, which is to be time-shifted, to the terminal E2, sd, the pulse counter receives the pulse as a result of the connection of the current switch S 128-29 = 99. The 99th pulse is an output pulse from the last red-knee stage, which on the one hand is supplied with the input E10 for the time-lapse network L2 and on the other hand for breaking the current switch S to the terminal E3. The pulse of the time delay L2 occurs at its output E1 as a 100 period shifted pulse and is previously taken on the socket A3 and polarized by the transformer 03, since the pulse of the time pulse L2 to the output pulse . The negative pulse removable from the transformer '03 thus reaches via the rectifiers G16-G19, the task of which has already been explained, the inputs of the shaving stages D1, D3, D4, D5, in order to convert these from the resting layer, in which they forcibly operate, after delivery. of the output pulse to the last razor stage and the breaking of the current switch S, to the razor layer. Darpa is the device anyo usable for time-shifting of a pulse 100 periods of the pulse sequence emitted from the pulse generator.

The pre-installation of the pulse counter to the pulse number difference can also be carried out with a pulse accumulator, which is supplied with a number of pulses given by the pulse number difference. This type of pre-installation is used separately when different time shifts are to be achieved, as will be described in the following.

The pre-installation can be carried out according to two methods, in which, using a pulse accumulator and pulse calculator, each of which consists of. of an equal number of binary-connected binary arithmetic stages, but in the following way: Either the pulse number difference can be applied to the pulse accumulator to transfer the layer of the individual stages in the pulse accumulator to the corresponding stage in the pulse calculator or also if the pulse accumulator is equal to the number of pulses the desired number of periods, in order to transfer after the accumulation the reversed layer for the individual steps in the pulse accumulator to the corresponding steps in the pulse counter. In this last method the property of pulse calculators constructed of binary razor steps is used, that when reversing the usual step from its present 15.ge, which corresponds to a certain pulse number a, to the opposite layer indicate a pulse number b, which satisfies the equation: a = 2 ". , sixth and seventh in the resting layer (see fig. 6), so arises when reversing all the steps whereby the first, third, fourth and fifth steps thus surpass the resting layer, and the second, sixth and seventh in the shaving layer, a number of pulses shown by the heart rate monitor b = 98, which satisfies the above equation, since 29 = 128 (98 + 1).

These methods for pre-installation should be described in connection with two examples. It is assumed that a time lag of 60 periods will be achieved. According to the first method, if the pulse calculator's capacity is 128 pulses, 128-61 = 67 pulses must be applied. This entails a completely specific layer of the individual shaving steps in the pulse accumulator, namely shaving layers for the first, second and seventh steps, and rest layers for the third, fourth, fifth and sixth steps, which are directly transferred to the corresponding steps in the pulse calculator. This gives the heart rate monitor a pre-installation, which corresponds to the supply of 67 pulses. If a starting pulse now occurs, the pulse generator already emits an output pulse after 61 applied pulses, which corresponds to a time shift of 60 periods.

According to the second method, however, it is also possible to supply the pulse accumulator with the number of pulses which is equal to the desired number of periods, in this case thus 60 pulses. The individual stages with the pulse accumulator each take on a specific layer, after which the opposite layer is transferred to the corresponding stage in the pulse counter. A pulse accumulator with steps M1-M7 and pulses with steps DI-D7 installed according to this example is shown in Fig. 7. By supplying 60 pulses, steps M3, M4, M5 and M6 are located in the pulse accumulator in shaving layers, while steps M1 , M2 and M7 are in idle mode. The opposite layer for these steps is transferred to the corresponding steps in the pulse calculator, whereby in this steps steps D3, D4, D5 and D6 are in the resting position and steps D1, D2 and D7 are in the straightening position. It is understood that the heart rate monitor is thus installed as if 67 pulses had been applied. If a starting pulse then triggers a supply of the pulse calculator with a pulse sequence, then the pulse calculator emits an output pulse after supplying 61 pulses, which corresponds to a time shift of 60 periods.

The transfer of the present and the converted layer from the pulse accumulator to the pulse calculator can be triggered by a special coupling process, for example a special pulse or by an output pulse from the pulse calculator itself. This last procedure is appropriate as a periodically occurring pulse must always be shifted the same interval. In this case, accumulation is required only once in the pulse accumulator, which is then measured by it, in order to shave off the first start pulse and in connection with each output pulse from the pulse counter pre-install it. Since, with the usual output pulse, the whole pulse counter returns to its rest position and requires a certain amount of pressure, it is appropriate to delay the pulses from the output pulse, which cause the installation to be triggered, namely that next pulse emitted by the pulse generator. In this case, the pulse counter is then set at the right time, so that the pulse closest to the output pulse from the pulse generator can be picked up by the pulse counter.

Fig. 8 shows a switching device with which, for example, pulses can be shifted selectively from 0-100 periods of the pulse sequence generated by the pulse generator. One of the pulse calculators consisting of the herring razor steps D1 — D7 is provided with those for forwarding, etc. required coupling elements, as already indicated in the preceding figures. Seven steps are required, since a shift of only 63 periods, corresponding to 26 = 64 pulses, can be achieved with six steps. The maximum shift with seven steps amounts to 127 periods, corresponding to 27 = 128 pulses. For a shift of a maximum of 100 periods, its step is therefore required. The inputs to the steps D1 — D7 a.ro Above the coupling means V1 — V7 connected by separate outputs are entered for steps M1 — M7 in the pulse accumulator. These steps M1-M7 consist of binary razor steps, as indicated, for example, in Fig. 2. The rocker connection shown in Fig. 2 has the outputs m and which are each connected to the anode in a tube. Depending on the condition of the rocker connection, a specific voltage is present at the two outputs m and in. In the idle state, in which the tube R2 is conductive has the output with the higher potential, and in the state of the tube, in which the tube R1 is conductive, there is a higher voltage at the output m. should the special output for the steps M1 — M7 be connected to the corresponding coupling means V1 resp. V2 etc., which has a positive voltage in the rake layer of the rocker coupling. These are the outputs m. They are connected to the clamp E5 'for the coupling means V1-V7. In addition, the coupling means V1-V7 each have a clamp E12 '. The coupling means V1-V7 are constructed in such a way that a positive voltage must be present on the two electrodes in the coupling means in question in order for the coupling means to be connected. The coupling means convert the polarity of the applied voltage and thus transform a terminal E12 'supply pulse Lill into a negative pulse, which is removable on the terminal E1' and from there the inputs to the seven rake stages D1-D7 are supplied to set them in the same manner as the stages in the pulse accumulator .

The actuation of the coupling is as follows: First, the pulse number difference is applied to the pulse accumulator M1-M7 consisting of seven straight steps via the input E14. As a result, the individual steps each have their own specific team. This age is manifested by a definite potential at their outputs m. connected (the calculus layer for the corresponding stage in the pulse accumulator) on the corresponding terminal El ', a negative pulse, which converts the corresponding calculus stage in the pulse calculator, from whose resting layer has been output, from resting layer to calculating layer. Thus, the pulse counter is installed in the same way as the pulse accumulator. If now the terminal E2 for the switch S Wilke's start pulse, then begins on the previously described set the supply of the pulse counter with the pulses emitted by the generator U, until at the output of the pulse counter E4 an output pulse occurs, which interrupts the pulse shaving. Depending on the number of pulses supplied to the pulse accumulator, an offset with an arbitrary number of periods of the pulse sequence emitted by the pulse generator within the limits 0-127 (corresponding to a capacity of the pulse counter of 128 pulses) can be achieved.

The switching device shown in Fig. 9 differs from that shown in Fig. 8 only in that a delay means L3 Or is connected to the output E4 of the pulse meter, from which a connection to the common pulse connection E13 leads, and the outputs m 'for steps M1-M7. connected to the clamp E5 'for the coupling means V1 — V7. The output pulse delayed by the rotating means L3 then triggers the pre-installation of the pulse counter. This has the consequence that when periodic start pulses occur periodically, these repeated occurrences of a pulse shaker pre-set on the desired salt.

As can be seen from the rocker connection according to Fig. 2, the anode in the rudder R1, to which the output m 'Or is connected in the idle state, has the higher potential, since in the delta state the said rudder Or has sparred. By connecting the outputs m 'of the stages M1 — M7 in the pulse accumulator to the coupling means V1 — V7 in Fig. with steps M1 – M7 in the pulse accumulator, which are in the resting layer. An idle step in the pulse accumulator thus switches an idle step of the pulse calculator to a razor bearing. Thus, the converted state of the individual stages of the pulse accumulator is transferred to the corresponding stages of the pulse counter.

If one 'leads this connection thus want to delay a pulse a certain number of periods in relation to a starting pulse, said. the pulse accumulator is applied to the desired period number corresponding to the number of pulses. The resulting installation of the pulse accumulator then leads to a reverse installation of the pulse counter, through which the desired time shift is achieved.

The mode of action of this coupling Or is otherwise the same as for the coupling according to Fig. 8. In the coupling according to Fig. 9 there is only one further connection from the displacement means L3 to the common pulse connection terminal E13. the pulse accumulator to the pulse calculator and thereby pre-install it.

The time shift of the output pulse from the pulse counter provided by the recovery means L3 is required, since the pre-installation of the individual steps in the pulse counter cannot take place at the same moment as these are reversed (which has the output pulse to follow). Pre-installation Or in the stable is only possible, as in all steps the pulse counter has the tilting process Or completed.

The coupling means V1-V7 shown in Figs. . When using the tube R5 in the stable for the coupling means, from the usual step M1-M7 in the pulse accumulator on the clamp E5 ', i.e. the grid G2 of the multi-grid is applied to a potential dependent on the state of the current pulse accumulator stage. This can be positive or negative. To klammandvs. grid GI in the tube R5, the transfer of the layer or the inverted layer of the pulse accumulator to the pulse counter triggering the pulse could be fed. Due to the rudder properties, this must also have a positive polarity. In a coupling according to Fig. 9 this is the case of Taurus, since at the output E4 for the pulse counter only positive pulses appear, which are applied to the clamps E12 '. The pulse triggering the transfer occurs on the anode of the tube R5 and the clamp El 'with the reverse, thus negative polarity. Such a pulse can set the connected steps in the pulse counter in the desired way.

The described pulse calculator can, possibly using the foregoing embodiments, be adapted to generate a new pulse sequence starting from a first starting pulse, the period of which is given by the shift time interval and whose phase is determined by the first starting pulse. To generate such a pulse sequence, the time-shifted pulse is returned to the pulse counter Ater as a starting pulse. A kind of feedback apparently seems. This feedback can be performed depending on a switching means, so that the pulse counter can be used either for time-shifting of pulses or for generating a pulse sequence, which is subject to the conditions stated above.

Fig. 10 shows a coupling device which operates according to the specified method. The pulse counter, which is mainly present in this coupling device, corresponds to that shown in Fig. 1, so that the function of this device does not need to be described in more detail in this context. In contrast to the coupling device Or shown in Fig. 1 to the output E4 of the pulse counter, the time delay network L4 is connected, from whose output E7 a connection leads to the terminal E2 of the current generator S. In this connection Or the coupling member X is inserted, which on has not further specified sat Or controllable Over a Mother E18. This control can take place, for example, by means of a potential or by pulses.

If such a resting coupling to the terminal E2 is applied to a starting pulse from the outside, this utilizes in the manner already described, according to the time-shift interval given by the dimensioning of the pulse counter and the pulse generator G, an output pulse removable at the output E4, which causes the current generator pulse S to be broken. in addition, the time shift network L4 and more after a lead given by this time delay network from its output E17 to the terminal E2 for the current switch S in the case of the switching means X Or is closed. On terminal E2, the pulse thus connected in this way acts as a new starting pulse and utilizes the same process as previously described. Darrxied Or at the output E17 of the time delay L4, Iran traced the occurrence of the start pulse to be time shifted, a pulse sequence removable, the period of which is determined by the shift time given by the pulse generator G, the pulse counter and the time delay L4 and whose phase pulse is determined by the first pulse. This pulse rate Or removable ph output E17, said. long coupling means X Or closed. The time delay line L4 is required, since the closing of the pulse S causing the pulse S must occur later on the opening of the pulse S causing the pulse. If both pulses were to be taken out at the output of the pulse calculator, then all pulses would also appear on the terminals E2 and E3 on the current generator S, which could then not be used by the current generator S.

If the period for the pulse sequence emitted by the pulse generator is very short and the number of steps in the pulse counter is large, then hi can. a. the time required for the reversal of the individual steps becomes noticeable in that the pulses which are to be time-shifted no longer coincide with the pulses emitted from the pulse generator. The pulse, which is to be time-shifted, thus comes later than the corresponding pulse from the pulse generator.

Since the time period with which this starting pulse differs from the corresponding pulse from the pulse generator can no longer be originated, an additional time interval must be added to the already established offset interval, as Or so calculated that the pulse to be time shifted is jerked in phase with the pulses Iran pulse generator. For this purpose, a time-delay night can be used, which is to be applied to the pulses which are to be time-shifted. DO a pulse, which must be time-shifted, must always fall between two. pulses within the pulse sequence from the pulse generator, or the delay for such a time delay night is always less than the period for this pulse sequence. In the case of a device for time-shifting pulses in advance, in which a time-delay night already exists, one can, of course, for equalizing the difference time interval, combine the time-shift night with the already existing time-shift night into a structural element. Of course, to the additional time offset produced by the addition time delay network or the difference time interval, which is at least equal to one or a whole multiple of the pulse pulse generator's period, must of course be taken into account when calculating the helmet device.

Claims (8)

1. Claim claim: 1, Coupling device for generating an output pulse, which is 100 pulse periods time-delayed relative to a given instantaneous moment, with the aid of a pulse counter, which is fed with pulses in a plaster tag generated by a pulse generator (G). , characterized in that the pulse calculator is composed of six binary pulse counting stages connected in series (D1 ... D6 in Fig. 5), the first (D1) of which is arranged to be supplied to the pulse stroke generated by the pulse generator (G) exactly in the moment, at which the determination of the desired time delay is to begin, sh that at the end of the last binary shaving step (DB) in the heart rate monitor, a first output pulse is then obtained from the heart rate monitor. 64 pulses in the pulse bar, which output pulse is arranged to control a switching means (S ') connected to the output of the next to last binary straightening stage (D5) in such a way that this switching means (5') opposite the darpa follows, after a further 32 input pulses in the output of the latter straight-stage (D5) (E15), the output pulse to the input (E8) generated in four pulse periods a time-delaying delay night (L1), at the output of which the desired time-delayed pulse is emitted, the input of the demand night (11) the output of the last binary shaving stage (D5) (E15) is arranged to simultaneously cause the interruption of the pulse bar supply to the input of the other pulse ratchet (E1), while pulses taken from the sockets (A1, A2) on the displacement network are arranged to interrupt the final connection. the output of the binary rake stage (D5) and the input of the displacement night (L1) as well as the return of the penultimate binary raline stage (D6) to the resting layer. Modification of the coupling device specified in patent claim 1, characterized in that the pulse calculator is composed of seven binary pulse counting stages connected in series (D1 ... D7 in Fig. 6), of which the first (D1), third (D3) , fourth (D4) and fifth (D5) as a result of a pre-installation are in predetermined shaving layers and of which the first (D1) is arranged to be supplied to the pulse bar generated by the pulse generator (G) exactly at the moment in which the determination of the The desired time delay must be drilled, so that in the output (E4) of the last binary shaving stage (117) in the pulse counter a first output pulse is obtained after the pulse counter has shaved 99 pulses in the pulse bar, which output pulse is arranged to be supplied for two pulse periods. dels en. device for interrupting the supply of the pulse calculator with the pulse rod supplied by the pulse generator (G), the first (DI), third (D3), fourth (D4) and fifth (D5) steps being arranged to re-install Ater through an outlet (A3). ) in the displacement network (L2) removable pulse. Coupling device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the input of the pulse counter is arranged to be supplied with the time-shifted pulse 1 and for re-supplying the same. 3. A switching device according to claim 3, characterized in that a switching means (X in Fig. 10) is arranged to control the supply of the time-shifted pulse to the pulse counter. 4. A switching device according to any one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that a time delay means arranged to compensate the time interval by which the time-shifted pulses differ from the pulses of the pulse generator due to the time required for the reversal of the individual steps, so that the pulses emitted by this timing device in time correspond to the pulses of the pulse generator. 5. Coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the input of the pulse calculator (E1) is connected to the pulse generator (G) via a second coupling means in the form of a current generator (S), which has two control inputs, one of which (E2) is arranged to be supplied with a pulse, which preferably comes from the pulse generator (G) and which defines the beginning of the desired time delay interval in that it wears the current generator, and the other (E3) is arranged to be supplied with the pulse next to the output (E15) coming from the last razor stage (D5) via the first coupling means (S '), which interrupts the pulse rod supply to the input of the binary pulse razor, in that it opens the current switch (S). Coupling device according to claim 4, characterized in that a demand network (L4), the output of which (E17) is connected by an additional coupling means (X) to a control ring (E2) of a coupling means connected to the input of the pulse counter. in the form of a switch (S), which is arranged to be supplied with the pulse intended for time shift, Or connected to the output of the pulse counter (E4), the time shifted and via the displacement network to the switch (S) repeatedly closing it through an output pulse derived from the pulse counter from the pulse calculator, possibly Opened the current switch (5) in order to initiate a new rake key, if the reconnection carriage has been released by the coupling means (X). Coupling device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each razor stage consists of a two tubes (R1, R2, Fig. 2) having a rocker coupling, which has two stable layers and whose input (E6) is through rectifier (G1 2). , G1 3) dr disconnected from the previous rake step output (E7). 8. Coupling device according to one or more of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that both coupling means are constituted by current switches (S, S '), which each contain their own rocker coupling, which has two stable layers and contain two. triodr5r (R3, R4), of which the grating of one (R3) is arranged to be supplied to them before closing and the grid of the other (R4) is arranged to supply the pulses intended for opening the strapper, and to the anode in the door (R4), which after supplying a pulse of the switch produces a more positive potential on the anode than the second, is connected to a first grid (G1) in a multi-grid controllable multi-grid (R5), the second grid (G2) is arranged to be supplied with the pulses which are to be transmitted by the current generator (output pulses from the pulse generator or the penultimate binding shaving stage), and whose anode is connected to a coupling element, to which these pulses are to be transmitted ( , the supply voltages (U2, U3) supplied to the tubes (R3, R4, R5) being selected so that the multi-grid tube (R5), when the pulse intended for closing the current divider is applied to the raw grids (G2) supply the pulse, but when the pulse intended for opening the switch is supplied, the pulse transmission is blocked. Request Publications: U.S. Patent Nos. 2,454,089, 2,474,490, 2,541,100.