SE129311C1

SE129311C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE129311C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1950-01-01

Description

KLASS 42 1:6/01 BEVILMT DEN 29 JUNI 1950 PATENTTID FRAN DEN 15 JUNI 1948 PUBLICERAT DEN 29 AUGUST! 19 Ans. den "/, 1948, nr 5126/1948. Harlin en ritning. CLASS 42 1: 6/01 GRANTED ON JUNE 29, 1950 PATENT PERIOD FROM JUNE 15, 1948 PUBLISHED ON AUGUST 29! 19 Ans. the "/, 1948, No. 5126/1948. Harlin a drawing.

K. 0. L. SILVER,STOLPE, STOCKHOLM. K. 0. L. SILVER, STOLPE, STOCKHOLM.

Anordning vid centrifuger for avskiljande av i provviltskor uppslammade partiklar och dylikt. Device for centrifuges for separating particles suspended in test game shoes and the like.

Foreliggande uppfinning hanfor sig till centrifuger for avskillande av i provvatskor uppslammade partiklar eller amnen, t. ex. salter, celler, bakterier eller dylikt i medicinska prov. Dylika centrifuger ha i regel en vertikal axel, som drives t. ex. medelst en elektrisk motor med reglerbart varvantal, samt ett jamnt antal hylsor for hallande av de ror, i vilka provvatskorna aro inneslutna under centrifugeringen, vilka hylsor aro rorligt anbragta i en pa axeln fast horisontell skiva, ett armkors eller dylikt, sa att roren kunna sla ut i radiell riktning under centrifugeringen. The present invention relates to centrifuges for separating particles or substances suspended in test water shoes, e.g. salts, cells, bacteria or the like in medical tests. Such centrifuges usually have a vertical axis, which is driven e.g. by means of an electric motor with an adjustable speed, and an even number of sleeves for holding the tubes in which the test tubes are enclosed during the centrifugation, which sleeves are movably arranged in a horizontal disc, an arm cross or the like fixed on the shaft, so that the tubes can strike out in the radial direction during centrifugation.

Dessa kanda anordningar lida emellertid av den olagenheten, att resultanten av de krafter, som verka pa vatskan i ett ror under de olika faserna av en centrifugeringalltsa igangsattningen upp till fullt centrifugeringsvarvantal, centrifugeringen, vid detta varyantal under viss tid och avslagningen med minskning av varvantalet ned till noll igen icke blir riktad i rorets langdriktning hela tiden utan f8rskjutes i olika riktningar. Alla partiklar komma darigenom icke alt avsatta sig pa bottnen av roret eller pa dess bonenfkirslutning, utan maste en del av dem avsatta sig pa ena sidan nedtill i roret. Da centrifugen avstannar, far resultanten i regel en annan riktning, sa att vallningar uppsta i vatskan i r8ret, varigenom avskilda partiklar ater delvis vilja uppslammas i vatskan. Detta har man forsokt overvinna genom att placera hylsorna Shedstallda i skivan eller armkorset, sã att rorens mynningar komma forst vid rotationen, men darmed Armes blott att riiren intaga lamplig riktning under igangsattningen av centrifugeringen (centrifugens acceleration) men daremot icke under sjalva centrifugeringen och under avstannandet (retardationen), varfor svarigheten med uppgrumlandet kvarstar. Med tidens okade krav ph en kvantitativ centrifugeringsmetod, t. ex. vid urinsediment m. m., dâ det galler att bestamma antalet uppslammade partiklar per volymsenhet vatska, medfor delta synnerligen stora oiagenheter. However, these devices may suffer from the disadvantage that the resultant of the forces acting on the liquid in a tube during the various phases of a centrifugation is initiated up to full centrifugation speed, the centrifugation, at this variable number for a certain time and the reduction with reduction of the speed down to zero again is not directed in the longitudinal direction of the rudder all the time but is displaced in different directions. As a result, not all particles are deposited at the bottom of the tube or at its bone end, but some of them must be deposited on one side at the bottom of the tube. When the centrifuge stops, the resultant usually takes a different direction, so that radiations arise in the liquid in the tube, whereby separated particles again want to be partially suspended in the liquid. Attempts have been made to overcome this by placing the Shedstallda sleeves in the disc or the crossbow, so that the mouths of the rudders come first at the rotation, but thus Armes only to assume a light direction during the initiation of the centrifugation (centrifuge acceleration) but not during the centrifugation itself and during the spacing (deceleration), why the responsibility with the rumbling remains. With the increasing demands of the time, a quantitative centrifugation method, e.g. in the case of urine sediments, etc., when it is necessary to determine the number of suspended particles per unit volume of liquid, this entails extremely large orifices.

Med anordningen enligt foreliggande uppfinning 8vervinnes aven denna olagenhet och far man en fullstandigt automatisk install-fling av r8ren och deras hylsor under centrifugeringens olika faser. Anordningen kannetecknas i huvudsak darav, att parvis mitt emot varandra placerade hylsor aro fasta vid den fran centrifugens vertikala drivaxel utgaende horisontella skivan, armkorset eller dylikt pa sadant salt, I. ex. medelst s. k. kardansk upphangning eller kulled, att dessa hylsor under de olika faserna kunna fritt installa sig i riktningen av resultanten av de i varje ogonblick pa resp. hylsa med pafyllt provror verkande krafterna antingen centrifugens hastighet Er hog eller lag. With the device according to the present invention this malfunction is also overcome and a completely automatic installation of the tubes and their sleeves is obtained during the various phases of the centrifugation. The device can be characterized mainly by the fact that sleeves placed in pairs opposite each other are fixed to the horizontal disk, arm cross or the like, which exits from the vertical drive shaft of the centrifuge, e.g. by means of so-called gimbal suspension or ball joint, that these sleeves during the different phases can freely adjust in the direction of the resultant of those at any moment on resp. sleeve with filled test tube acting forces either centrifuge speed Er hog or lag.

Pa bifogade ritning visas schematiskt ett par olika utf5ringsformer av anordningen enligt uppfinningen. I fig. 1 till 4 visas ett utforande med s. k. kardansk upphangning av hylsan och i fig. 5 och 6 ett annat utforande med hylsan upphangd med en kulled i armkorset. Fig. 1-3 visa hylsupphangningar med dubbla ringar placerade i olika vinklar i forhallande till en linje mellan axelns centrumlinje och hylsans centrum, alla sedda uppifran. Fig. 4 visar hylsupphangningen enligt fig. 1 sedd frail sidan. Fig. 5 visar i sektion en hylsupphangning i form av en kulled och fig. 6 samma upph5.ngning sedd uppifran. The accompanying drawing schematically shows a couple of different embodiments of the device according to the invention. Figures 1 to 4 show an embodiment with so-called gimbal suspension of the sleeve and Figures 5 and 6 show another embodiment with the sleeve suspended with a ball joint in the cross-arm. Figs. 1-3 show sleeve suspensions with double rings placed at different angles in relation to a line between the center line of the shaft and the center of the sleeve, all seen from above. Fig. 4 shows the sleeve suspension according to Fig. 1 seen from the frail side. Fig. 5 shows in section a sleeve suspension in the form of a ball joint and Fig. 6 the same suspension seen from above.

I fig. 1, 2 och 3 betecknar 1 en vertikal drivaxel i centrifugen och 2 en hylsa for mottagning av ett provror eller ett flertal dylika, i vilket eller vilka den vatska som skall centrifugeras dr pdfylld. Hylsan 2 dr insatt i en inre ring 4 forsedd med tva diametralt placerade tappar 6 och 7, som aro lagrade i en yttre ring 5, sa att ringen 4 kan rora sig fritt med tapparna 6 och 7 i ringen 5. Ringen 5 ãr i sin tur forsedd med tva diametralt placerade tappar 8 och 9, lagrade i en pa drivaxeln 1 fast skiva eller armkors 3, sa att ringen 5 dr fritt rorlig i forhallande till ski-van eller armkorset. Tapparna 6 och 7 resp. 8 och 9 aro lampligen placerade sa, att deras centrumlinjer skara varandra under rata vinklar med endera linjen radiell i fdrhallan- 2-- 1.29 311 — de till drivaxelns centrum. Annan vinkel kan emellertid ocksa anvandas menu sagda centrumlinjer, t. ex. ned till 45° eller mind-re. De placeras emellertid lampligen sit, att hada bilda samma vinkel med forbindelselinjen mellan ringarnas och hylsans centrum och drivaxelns -centrum, med vilken linje alit-sit den forstnamnda centrumlinjen bildar en vinkel av 0° upp till 90° och den sistnamnda centrumlinjea en vinkel av 90° ned till 0°. I fig. 1 ar fifirstnamnda vinkel 0° och sistnamnda vinkel 90°, i fig. 2 aro respektive vinklar 90° ochoch i fig. 3 aro hada vink- larna 45°, ehuru sasom niimats aven andra vinklar kunna anvandas. In Figs. 1, 2 and 3, 1 denotes a vertical drive shaft in the centrifuge and 2 a sleeve for receiving a test tube or a plurality of the like, in which the liquid or liquids to be centrifuged are filled. The sleeve 2 is inserted into an inner ring 4 provided with two diametrically placed pins 6 and 7, which are mounted in an outer ring 5, so that the ring 4 can move freely with the pins 6 and 7 in the ring 5. The ring 5 is in its in turn provided with two diametrically placed pins 8 and 9, mounted in a disc or arm cross 3 fixed to the drive shaft 1, so that the ring 5 moves freely in relation to the disc or the arm cross. Pins 6 and 7 resp. 8 and 9 are suitably positioned so that their center lines intersect at right angles with either line radially in relation to the center of the drive shaft. At another angle, however, menu said centerlines can also be used, e.g. down to 45 ° or less. However, they are suitably positioned to have the same angle with the connecting line between the center of the rings and the sleeve and the center of the drive shaft, with which line the first center line forms an angle of 0 ° up to 90 ° and the latter center line an angle of 90 °. ° down to 0 °. In Fig. 1 the former angle is 0 ° and the latter angle is 90 °, in Fig. 2 the angles are 90 ° and in Fig. 3 the angles are 45 °, although other angles can be used as well.

Vid centrifugering med full hastighet bora hylsorna 2 med provroren lampligen inta horisontella lagen, vilket dock icke itr mojligt vid utforandet enligt fig. 2, dar skivan eller armkorset 3 hindrar hylsorna att fuIlt uppnit sadant lage. For att forhindra att hylsorna skola slit hogre upp, forses lampligen den ring 4 eller 5, som reglerar rorelsen i plan gaende genom axelns centrumlinje, eller nagon annan del av anordningen, t. ex. armkorset, med ett anslag 10, t. ex. i form av en klack, tapp eller dylikt, som hindrar ringen att Ora storre utslag uppat an 90'. Ett liknande anslag 11, som hindrar hylsan eller ringen att vid centrifugens avstannande slit tillbaka mer an till utgitngslaget, t. ex. -vertikalt nedatriktat dylikt, anbringas iiven lampligen pa nagon del av anordningen, I. ex. paringen 5 eller pa armkorset 3. Den ring 5 resp. 4 som ger hylsan 2 majlighet att inta ett sadant lage, att dess centrumlinje bildar vinkel med vertikalplanet genom axelns centrumlinje A—A och hylsans centrum B, är Oven lampligen farsedd med anordningar, 1. ex. anslag 12 och 13 i form av klackar, tap-par eller dylikt, placerade pit ringen eller pit flagon del av upphangningsanordningens ovriga delar, som hindra att sistnamnda vinkel uppnar mer On en viss storlek, I. ex. upp till 30° it 45°, i nagondera riktningen, och begransa hylsans utslag i sidled vid centrifugens igangsattning och avstannande. Lampligt Or i allmanhet att Ora ansattningen av den ring, som mojliggor dessa rorelser i sidled av hylsan, ratt karv i dess tappar, sit att hylsans rarelser i dessa leder icke bli for snabba. When spinning at full speed, drill the sleeves 2 with the test tubes suitably into the horizontal layer, which, however, is not possible in the embodiment according to Fig. 2, where the disc or the arm cross 3 prevents the sleeves from being fully formed in such a position. In order to prevent the sleeves from being worn higher up, the ring 4 or 5, which regulates the movement in a plane passing through the center line of the shaft, or any other part of the device, e.g. the cross of the arm, with a stop 10, e.g. in the form of a heel, pin or the like, which prevents the ring from causing a larger rash up to 90 '. A similar stop 11, which prevents the sleeve or ring from returning more to the starting stroke when the centrifuge stops stopping, e.g. vertically downwardly such, are applied to the lamp aptly on any part of the device, I. ex. the pairing 5 or on the arm cross 3. It rings 5 resp. 4 which gives the sleeve 2 the opportunity to assume such a bearing that its center line forms an angle with the vertical plane through the center line A-A of the shaft and the center B of the sleeve, is also suitably provided with devices, e.g. stops 12 and 13 in the form of lugs, taps or the like, placed the pit ring or pit flagon part of the other parts of the suspension device, which prevent the latter angle from reaching more On a certain size, I. ex. up to 30 ° to 45 °, in either direction, and limit the sleeve extension laterally when the centrifuge is started and stopped. Lampligt Or in general that Ora the employment of the ring, which enables these movements laterally of the sleeve, straight notch in its pins, sit that the movements of the sleeve in these joints do not become too fast.

I fig. 5 och 6 visas en annan utforingsform av upphangningsanordningen for hylsan bestaende av en kulled, bildad av en kulforrnig hallare 14 for hylsan 2, vilken hallare Or nor-hg i en kulformad skal eller kulformat lager anordnad resp. anordnat i eller i forbindelse med centrifugens skiva eller armkors 3. Fiir att mojliggora storre utslag pa hallaren 14 och hylsan 2 Or skalen lampligen saval upptill som nedtill forsedd med ursparingar 16. Med detta utforande bli emellertid hylsans utslag ganska begransade i olika riktningar. Figs. 5 and 6 show another embodiment of the suspension device for the sleeve consisting of a ball joint, formed by a ball-shaped holder 14 for the sleeve 2, which holder is arranged in a ball-shaped shell or ball-shaped bearing, respectively. arranged in or in conjunction with the centrifuge disc or arm cross 3. To enable larger deflections on the holder 14 and the sleeve 2, the shells are suitably salivated at the top and at the bottom provided with recesses 16. With this design, however, the deflection of the sleeve is rather limited in different directions.

For att hylsan skall kunna slit ut i fullt ho risontellt lage, Or del darfor lampligt att utfora skiden 15 med -en appning 17 i radiell riktning utat i forhallande till axelhinjen A--A. Vinkeln i denna :Oppning kan avpassas efter de olika utshag i dlika riktningar, som hylsan bar- kunna Ora under de olika faserna av centrifugeringen. Den inskrankes emellertid a's; att skalen 15 maste giva tillracklig anliggning for upptagande ay de pa hylshallaren 14 verkande krafterna. En -vinkeloppning upp till °-15°-20°--25°-° i vanje led dr dock mojlig. Den Or ocksa beroende av hylsans diameter i forhallande till kulhallarens diameter. Aven i detta utforande bar hallarens ansattning i skalen vara ratt karv, far att hylsan icke for snabbt skall Slit ut i olika riktningar under de olika faserna av centrif ugeringen. In order for the sleeve to be able to wear out in a fully horizontal position, it is therefore appropriate to make the ski 15 with an opening 17 in the radial direction outwards in relation to the shoulder line A - A. The angle of this: The opening can be adapted to the different notches in different directions, which the sleeve can carry during the different phases of the centrifugation. However, it is restricted a's; that the shells 15 must provide a sufficient abutment for absorbing the forces acting on the sleeve holder 14. An angle angle up to ° -15 ° -20 ° -25 ° - ° in the usual direction is possible, however. It also depends on the diameter of the sleeve in relation to the diameter of the ball holder. Also in this embodiment, the engagement of the holder in the shells should be straight notched, so that the sleeve should not wear out too quickly in different directions during the different phases of the centrifugation.

Genom insatser av kant slag, smn anbringas i hylsan, kunna flera ror, vanligen tva eller tre, behandlas samtidigt i varje hylsa vid centrifugeringen, avensom storleken pa provrOren varieras. Klart Or emellertid att sa-val i dylikt fall som da endast ett ror anvandes i varje hylsa i vane sarskilt fall likadana hylsor, upphangningsanordningar far dessa, insatshallare och lika antal provror med lika mangder vatska i dem bora anvandas mitt emot varandra i centrifugens armkors eller dylikt for ,att fa centrifugen all halansera under centrifugeringen. Lampligast ar naturligtvis att hylsor, insatser, ror och vatskor pa vardera sidan ha lika vikt. By means of edge-type inserts, which are fitted in the sleeve, several tubes, usually two or three, can be treated simultaneously in each sleeve during the centrifugation, although the size of the test tubes varies. It is clear, however, that in such a case as then only one rudder was used in each sleeve in the same case in the same case the same sleeves, suspension devices for these, insert holders and equal number of samples with equal amounts of liquid in them should be used opposite each other in the centrifuge arm cross or such as to make the centrifuge all halan during the centrifugation. The most appropriate is, of course, that sleeves, inserts, tubes and water shoes on each side have equal weight.

Uppfinningen Or icke bunden till de utf8- ringsformer av upphangningsanordningen for hylsorna eller hylsinsatser eller till de provrOrsantal, utslagsvinklar och dylikt eller detaljer, som ovan angivits eller visats pit nitningen enbart sasom exempel och kunna varieras i olika avseenden, utan att uppfinningens ram overskrides. SO ha t. ex. centrum B for hylsan, centrum B for ringen 4 och cent-rum B for ringen 5 angivits sammanfalla, men dessa punkter kunna Oven ligga pa olika hojd pit hylsans centrumlinje, om exempelvis den ena ringen eller hada ringarna Oro utfOrda med bygelform. The invention is not limited to the embodiments of the suspension device for the sleeves or sleeve inserts or to the number of test tubes, deflection angles and the like or details specified above or shown by the rivet only as examples and can be varied in various respects without exceeding the scope of the invention. SO ha t. Ex. center B for the sleeve, center B for the ring 4 and center-space B for the ring 5 are stated to coincide, but these points can also lie at different heights of the center line of the sleeve, if, for example, one ring or had the rings Oro made with jumper.

Claims

Patent claim:

Device for centrifuges for separating particles suspended in test water and the like, consisting of a vertical drive shaft with a horizontal disc, cross-arm or the like fixed thereon and in this resp. Participate in fixed numbers of tubes for the water to be treated, characterized in that the sleeves (2) placed in pairs opposite each other are fixed to the drive shaft (1) of the Iran centrifuge (1) extending horizontally, the crosshairs or the like (3) on - -3 so that these sleeves during the different phases of the centrifugation can be freely adjusted in the direction of the resultant and the forces acting at any moment on the respective sleeve with filled test tubes, in other respects, among other things, to prevent turbidity of separated particles. by Yallningar of liquid in the rudders at the stopping of the centrifuge.

Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve (2) is arranged in an inner ring (4), which is suspended with two pins (6, 7) placed diametrically in the center (B) of the retaining ring in an outer concentric ring (5), which in turn is suspended with two diametrically spaced pins (8, 9) located in relation to the center (B) of the outer ring in the axis cross (3) of the centrifuge or the like, in which line one passes through the pins (6 , 7) for the inner ring (4) forms an angle of 0 ° up to 90 ° sired the connecting line between the center line (AA) of the drive shaft and the center (B) of the ring (4) in the plane of the ring and the line through the pins (8, 9) a angle of 990 down to 0 ° with said connecting line.

Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sleeve (2) is arranged in a ring (4), which in two points (6, 7) lies on an equal radius in relation to the vertical axis (1). center line (AA) is suspended in a ring (5), which in turn is at two points (8, 9) at the same radial inboard distance from said center line Or suspended in the shoulder cross (3) or the like.

Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sleeve (2) is arranged in a ring (4), which is suspended in two points (6, 7) with the same radial inbOrdes aystand Iran centerline (AA) in the vertical the axis (1) in a second ring (5), which in turn in two points (8, 9) is located on one and the same radius in relation to said center line and on the same in-line aysthnd Iran the center of the ring (B) Or suspended in the centrifuge of the centrifuge (3) or the like.

Device according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that one or more lugs, pins or other stops (12, 13) are arranged on the ring (5 or 4) which allows the movement of the sleeve (2) at an angle to the vertical plane through the center line (AA) of the shaft (1) and the center (B) of the sleeve, or on another part of the suspension device for the sleeve to define the said angular movement of the sleeve.

Device according to claim 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that one or more lugs, pins or other stops (10, 11) are arranged on the ring (4 or 5), which allows the sleeve (2) movement in a vertical plane through the center line (A - A) of the shaft (1) and the center (B) of the sleeve, or on the other part of the suspension device for the sleeve to prevent the sleeve from moving in said plane. to strike back Over the downward vertical layer when the centrifuge stops.

Device according to patent claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve (2) is arranged in a spherical filler (14), which is stored in a spherical shell (15) in or in connection with the centrifuge disc or mat cross (3), which shell is suitably provided with a recess finger (16) at the top and bottom to allow for larger movements of the sleeve.

Device according to patent claim 7, characterized in that the ball-shaped sheet (15) has an sfi-adapted outwardly directed opening (17), that the holder (14) with the sleeve (2) can move at a 90 ° angle in a vertical plane through the drive shaft ( 1) center line (A - A) and the center of the sleeve (B) and a certain angle, e.g. ° -0- ° -0-0, in relation to said plane during acceleration and deceleration of the centrifuge. Stockholm 1950, Kungl. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & & Suer 000089