SE128317C1

SE128317C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE128317C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1950-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: H. M. Averns och 3. Straw. Inventors: H. M. Averns and 3. Straw.

Prioritei begiird frdn den 12 november 1947 (Storbritannien). Priority was given on 12 November 1947 (Great Britain).

Foreliggande uppfinning avser ett forf aringssatt for framstallning av tradar av termoplastiska cellulosaderivat, sasom cellulosaestrar eller -etrar, sarskilt cellulosaacetat. Uttrycket >trMar>> skall i foreliggande beskrivning fattas i sin mera allmanna bemarkelse och salunda inbegripa fibrer, tradar, garn och liknande material. Vid framstallning av cellulosaaeetat-tradar °eh liknande tradar ãr det 'dirt att i och for forbattring av avslitningshallfastheten stracka de tradar, som efter sin bildning bibragts ett lampligt tillstand. Pet är aven kant, att strackningsforfarandena allmant fororsaka en forlust i tanjbarheten, d. v. s. den procentuella langdokningen vid den torra tradens bristningspunkt, varfor i allmanhet en Okning i avslitningshallfastheten endast erhalles pa bekostnad ay en forlust i tanjbarheten. Detta upptradande visas av fi51- jande siffervarden vilka erhallits vid en icke strackt cellulosaacetat-trad med en avslitningshallfasthet i torn t tillstand am 1,15 g per denier och 36 % tanjbarhet. Vid varmstrackning av denna tract 50 % steg avslitningshallfastheten till 2,o g per denier och sjonk tiinjbarheten till 16,o %. Vid strackning 100 % blev avslitningshallfastheten 2,5o g per denier och tanjbarheten 10,a %. Vid strackning 150 % blev avslitningshallfastheten 2,7 g per denier och tanjbarheten 7 %. Ytterligare strackning hade ringa inverkan pa tanjbarheten, vilken forblev tamligen konstant mid 6-7 %. The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of trades of thermoplastic cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose esters or ethers, in particular cellulose acetate. The term "threads" is to be used in the present description in its more general sense and thus includes fibers, threads, yarns and similar materials. In the production of cellulose acetate trades or similar trades, it is difficult to stretch the trades which, after their formation, have been subjected to a suitable condition in order to improve the abrasion resistance. It is also true that the stretching procedures generally cause a loss of extensibility, i.e. the percentage elongation at the breaking point of the dry thread, so that in general an increase in abrasion resistance is obtained only at the expense of a loss of extensibility. This occurrence is indicated by the following numerical values which are obtained with a non-stretched cellulose acetate wire with a wear resistance in the tower to the state of 1.15 g per denier and 36% extensibility. Upon hot stretching of this tract 50%, the abrasion resistance increased to 2.0 g per denier and the tensile strength dropped to 16%. At 100% elongation, the abrasion resistance was 2.5o g per denier and the extensibility was 10%. At 150% elongation, the abrasion resistance was 2.7 g per denier and the extensibility was 7%. Further stretching had little effect on the extensibility, which remained fairly constant at 6-7%.

Pet liar i det engelska patentet 323 846 redan fOreslagits att behandla konstsilketradar pa basis av cellulosaacetat eller andra cellulosa-estrar eller -etrar eller blandningar darav darigenom, ail de torra tradarna strackas, nar de bibragts plastiskt tillstand genom upphettning till lamplig temperatur. Enligt det i det engelska patentet 323 846 givna exemplet strackes en trail ailed en tanjbarliet am 28 % och en begynnelseavslitningshallfasthet i torrt tillstand ay 1,3 g per denier 100 %, marefter avslitningshallfastheten Rat till 2 g per denier och tanjbarheten sjunkit till 12 %. It is already proposed in English patent 323 846 to treat artificial silk threads on the basis of cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters or ethers or mixtures thereof, thereby stretching the dry threads when imparted to the plastic state by heating to a suitable temperature. According to the example given in English patent 323,846, a trail ailed a tanj barlet is stretched by 28% and an initial abrasion resistance in the dry state ay 1.3 g per denier 100%, after which the abrasion resistance Rat to 2 g per denier and the extensibility dropped to 12%.

Under normal a vavningsforfaranden underkastas de trAdar, som vavas, i allmanhet en. varierande spanning, och dessutom kan spanningen vid vissa steg na h8ga varden. Om man vaver tradar med ringa tanjbarhet, forefinnes fOljaktligen en utpr5glad benagenhet for, att trAdarna skola brista under yamningen. Andamalet med foreliggande uppfinning Or att astadkomma tradar med stor avslitningshallfasthet av termoplastiska cellulosaderivat, vilka uppvisa tillracklig tanjbarhet for normala vavningsandama.l. I enlighet med foreliggande uppfinning bestar ett forfaringssatt for franastallning av tradar med stor avslitningshallfasthet av termoplastiska cellulosaderivat, vilka lampa sig for vavning, dari, att pa forhand av det termoplastiska cellulosaderivatet framstallda tradar upphettas till en temperatur, sona Or •tillracklig for att g5ra desamma plastiska, att tradarna strackas atminstone 50 %, medan de foreligga i det plastiska tillstandet, och att tradarna sedan tillatas krympa atminstone 8 ‘,'e, medan de foreligga i upphettat, plastiskt till-stand. Stracknings- och krympningsstegen kunna utforas, medan tradarna ledas genom ett enda upphettningsrum, men utforas fOretradesvis i skilda upphettningsrum. Vid en lamplig utforingsform av fOreliggande uppfinning utfores strackningen av den plastiska traden i tva steg, varvid traden i det forsta steget strackes atminstone 40 % och i det andra steget strackes i mindre grad, t. ex. 30 c;7'. Det lampliga omradet for den enkla strackningsoperationen utgor 40-300och for den i tvA steg skeende strackningsoperationen utgora de lampliga omradena 150 % for det fOrsta steget och 20-150 % for det andra steget. Pet liimpliga omradet fOr krympningsoperationen utgor 10-20 %. 2— 12831.7 — religgande uppfinning gi5r det mi5jligt att framstalla traclar med en avslitningshallfasthet i torrt tillstand av atminstone 2 g per denier och en tanjbarhet av icke mindre art 15. Under normal weaving procedures, the wires being waved are generally subjected to one. varying voltage, and in addition the voltage at certain stages can reach a high value. If one weaves trades with little stretchability, there is consequently a pronounced tendency for the threads to rupture during the training. The object of the present invention is to provide threads with high abrasion resistance of thermoplastic cellulose derivatives which exhibit sufficient extensibility for normal weaving spirits. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for removing wires with high abrasion resistance from thermoplastic cellulose derivatives which are suitable for weaving in that wires made in advance from the thermoplastic cellulose derivative are heated to a temperature sufficient to make the same plastics. that the threads are stretched at least 50% while in the plastic state, and that the threads are then allowed to shrink at least 8 ',' e while in the heated, plastic state. The stretching and shrinking steps can be performed, while the threads are guided through a single heating chamber, but are preferably performed in separate heating chambers. In a suitable embodiment of the present invention, the stretching of the plastic thread is performed in two steps, the thread in the first step being stretched at least 40% and in the second step being stretched to a lesser extent, e.g. 30 c; 7 '. The suitable range for the simple stretching operation is 40-300 and for the two-step stretching operation the suitable ranges are 150% for the first stage and 20-150% for the second stage. The minimum range for the shrinkage operation is 10-20%. 2 - 12831.7 - The present invention makes it possible to produce trawls with a wear resistance in the dry state of at least 2 g per denier and a extensibility of no less kind.

Sedan krympningen av traden utforts, kan det yam . fordelaktigt att giva traden en utstrackt passage genom atmosfaren, innan traden uppsamlas. Orn sa onskas, kart en luftstrom vid -vanlig temperatur aven riktas mot traden. Behandlingen av traden med luft pa detta satt gor det mojligt for traden att bliva stabil till slim dimensioner, innan den uppsamlas. Vid utforandet av forfaringssattet enligt foreliggande uppfinning 'Aar strackningen av den plastiska traden avslitningshallfastheten och minskar tanjbarheten, och den efterftiljande krympningen av traden har ringa inverkan pa avslitningshallfastheten men fororsakar en avsevard 51ming av tanjbarheten. After the shrinkage of the trade is performed, it can yam. advantageous to give the trade an extended passage through the atmosphere, before the trade is collected. Orn as desired, map an air stream at -normal temperature also directed towards the trade. The treatment of the wire with air in this way makes it possible for the wire to become stable to slim dimensions, before it is collected. In carrying out the method of the present invention, the stretching of the plastic wire wear resistance decreases and the extensibility decreases, and the subsequent shrinkage of the wire has little effect on the wear resistance but causes a considerable increase in the extensibility.

FOrfaringssattet enligt foreliggande uppfinning genomfores foretradesvis kontinuerligt med hjalp av den anordning, som -visas schematiskt a hifogade ritning. I derma anordning aro tre vertikala upphettningsror 1, 2 och 3, vilka fOretradesvis upphettas pa elektrisk vag, anordnade tangs med varandra, och vidare aro anordnade fyra roterbara rtilIar 4, 5, 6 och 7, vilka uppvisa sadana diametrar och hastigheter, att de sakerstalla strackning av traden, alit eftersom den passerar igenom vart och ett av de bagge fiirsta upphettningsroren 1 och 2, och krympning av densamma, alit eftersom den passerar igenom det tredje uppliettningsroret 3. Nar anordningen arbetar, avdrages celltilosaacetat-trad fran en spole 9 och bringas att medelst fasta styrningar 10 och 11 passera tvä ganger runt den forsta rullen 4, sedan upp genom luften och med hjalp av ytterligare styrningar 12. och 13 ned igenom det forsta upphettningsroret 1 och runt den andra rullen vilken, sasom visas, har stOrre diameter an den forsta rullen 4 och dr anordnad pa en med denna gemensam axel, sedan med hjalp av styrningar 14, 15, 16 och 17 upp genom luften och ned igenom det andra upphettningsroret 2 och runt den tredje rullen 6, som har mindre diameter An den andra rullen 5 men drives med hogre rotationshastighet, sedan An en gang med hjalp av styrningar 18, 19, 20 och 21 upp genom luften och ned igenom det tredje upphettningsrOret 3 till den garde rullen 7, som har mindre diameter An den tredje rullen 6 och ar anordnad pa. en med denna genaensam axel. Axeln till den forsta och den andra rullen 4 resp. 5 ligger, sasom visas, i linje med axeln till den tredje och den fjarde rullen 6 resp. 7. Traden 8 Iran den garde rullen 7 har givits en utstrackt bana genom luften medelst styrningar 22, 23, 24, 25 och 26 och passerar sedan till en uppsanilingsspole 27 av normal konstruktion, Iampligen med en klockspinnanordning 28. Forfaringssattet enligt uppfinningen askadliggores narmare medelst foljande exempel. The process of the present invention is preferably carried out continuously by means of the device shown schematically in the accompanying drawing. In this device there are three vertical heating tubes 1, 2 and 3, which are preferably heated electrically, arranged pliers with each other, and further arranged four rotatable rails 4, 5, 6 and 7, which have such diameters and speeds that they are stable. stretching the wire, alit as it passes through each of the ram first heating tubes 1 and 2, and shrinking the same, alit as it passes through the third lifting tube 3. As the device operates, the cellulose acetate wire is peeled from a coil 9 and brought by means of fixed guides 10 and 11 pass twice around the first roller 4, then up through the air and by means of further guides 12. and 13 down through the first heating tube 1 and around the second roller which, as shown, has a larger diameter than the first roller 4 and dr arranged on one with this common axis, then by means of guides 14, 15, 16 and 17 up through the air and down through the second heater rudder 2 and around the third roller 6, which has a smaller diameter than the second roller 5 but is driven at a higher rotational speed, then once with the aid of guides 18, 19, 20 and 21 up through the air and down through the third heating tube 3 to the guard roller 7, which has a smaller diameter than the third roller 6 and is arranged on. one with this identical shaft. The shaft of the first and the second roller 4 resp. 5 is, as shown, in line with the axis of the third and fourth rollers 6 and 6, respectively. 7. The line 8 Iran the guard roller 7 has been given an extended path through the air by means of guides 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 and then passes to a suction coil 27 of normal construction, preferably with a clock spinning device 28. The method according to the invention is further damaged by following example.

Exempel 1. Den ovan under hanvisning till ritningen beskrivna anordningen anvandes for strackning av torrspunnen, acetonfri eellulosaacetat-trad. Denim trad hade i torrt till-stand en avslitningshallfasthet av 1,15 g per denier och en tanjbarhet av 36 %. Tempera-lumen hos de tre upphettningsr8ren 1, 2 och 3 utgjorde ungefar 280° C, och vane ror var 1 in langt. Diametrarna hos den forsta och den andra rullen 4 resp. 5 voro avpassade att giva en strackning i det forsta steget av 75 %, diametrarna och hastigheterna hos den andra och den tredje rullen 5 resp. 6 yore avpassade att giva en strackning i det andra steget av 40 %, och diametrarna hos den tredje och den garde rullen 6 resp. 7 voro avpassade att giva en krympning av 12 %. Garnets 8 matningshastighet var 75 m per minut. Efter strackningen i det forsta steget (75 %) -var triidens avslitningshallfasthet 2,io g per denier och tfinjbarheten 13 %. Efter strackningen i det andra steget var avslitningshallfastheten 2,40 g per denier och tanjbarheten 10 %. Efter krympningssteget var avslitningshallfastheten 2,n g per denier och tanjbarheten %. Example 1. The device described above with reference to the drawing was used for stretching the dry-spun, acetone-free cellulose acetate thread. Denim trad in the dry state had an abrasion resistance of 1.15 g per denier and a stretchability of 36%. The temperature of the three heating tubes 1, 2 and 3 was about 280 ° C, and the usual tubes were 1 in. Long. The diameters of the first and the second roller 4 resp. Were adapted to give an elongation in the first step of 75%, the diameters and speeds of the second and the third roller 5, respectively. 6 yore adapted to give a tension in the second stage of 40%, and the diameters of the third and the guard roll 6 resp. 7 were adapted to give a shrinkage of 12%. The yarn's 8 feed speed was 75 m per minute. After the stretching in the first step (75%), the abrasion resistance of the triid was 2.10 g per denier and the thinnability was 13%. After the stretching in the second step, the abrasion resistance was 2.40 g per denier and the extensibility was 10%. After the shrinkage step, the abrasion resistance was 2 g per denier and the extensibility%.

Exempel 2. En enkeI strackning utfardes pa precis samma sat som strackningen i det forsta steget i exempel 1, sa. att man erh011 en strackning av 75 %, och krympningen avpassades till %. Liksom i exempel 1 hade det strackta garnet en avslitningshallfasthet av 2,1c g per denier och en tanjbarhet av 13 %. Efter krympningen utgjorde avslitningshalIfastheten 2,o g per denier och tanjbarheten 20 %. Example 2. A single stretch was performed in exactly the same way as the stretch in the first step of Example 1, so. that a tension of 75% was obtained, and the shrinkage was adjusted to%. As in Example 1, the stretched yarn had an abrasion resistance of 2.1 g per denier and a stretchability of 13%. After shrinkage, the abrasion resistance was 2 and per denier and the extensibility was 20%.

Vid ovan beskrivna exempel ar det icke vasentligt att genomfora fOrfarandet kontinuerligt. Traden fran den andra rullen 5 kan uppsamlas pa en spole och sedan upphettas pa nytt samt darefter strackas och krympas eller endast krympas sasom en separat operation. Temperaturen hos strackningsroret kan varieras, beroende ph hastigheten av strackningen, den procentuella strackningen och de i del slutliga garnet erforderliga egenskaperna. Vid exempelvis cellulosaacetat kan temperaturen variera frau 210 till 360° C alit efter omstandigheterna. Krympningsgraden Iran aven varieras, om sa onskas, sa att man erhaller olika tanjbarhet. Salunda kan man i exempel 1 med anvandning av en krympning av 15--20 % Oka tanjbarheten till 17 %. In the examples described above, it is not essential to carry out the process continuously. The thread from the second roller 5 can be collected on a spool and then heated again and then stretched and shrunk or only shrunk as a separate operation. The temperature of the stretching tube can be varied, depending on the pH of the stretching, the percentage of stretching and the properties required in the final yarn. In the case of cellulose acetate, for example, the temperature can vary from 210 to 360 ° C depending on the conditions. The degree of shrinkage in Iran is also varied, if desired, so that different extensibility is obtained. Thus, in Example 1, using a shrinkage of 15-20%, the extensibility can be increased to 17%.

Claims

Patent claim:

Procedure for the production of trades with high abrasion resistance of thermoplastic cellulose derivatives, in particular cellulose. - 3 acetate, the threads produced in advance by the thermoplastic cellulose derivative being heated to a temperature sufficient to make them plastic, and the threads being stretched at least 50% while in the plastic state, characterized in that the threads are then allowed to dry. shrink at least 8%, while present in a heated, plastic state, thereby increasing the extensibility of the wires.

Procedure according to patent claim 1, characterized in that the stretching is carried out in two parts. step.

3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the threads are stretched approximately 40-150% in the first stage and approximately 20-1% in the second stage.

A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the shrinkage of the trades is kept within the range of about 10-20%. Stockholm 1950. Kungl. solar. P. A, Norstedt 6: Kinn 000089