SE126694C1

SE126694C1 -

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Publication number: SE126694C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1949-01-01

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KLASS 22 g:2/02 BEVILJAT DEN 15 SEPTEMBER 1949 PATENTTID FRAN DEN 23 OKT. 1948 PUBLICERAT DEN 15 NOVEMBER 1949 Ans. den "/„ 1948, nr 8644/1948. CLASS 22 g: 2/02 GRANTED ON SEPTEMBER 15, 1949 PATENT PERIOD FROM OCTOBER 23. 1948 PUBLISHED ON 15 NOVEMBER 1949 Ans. the "/„ 1948, No. 8644/1948.

F. BUITELAAR, VLAARDINGEN, NEDERLANDERNA. FOrfaringssOtt for framstallning av parlessens. F. BUITELAAR, VLAARDINGEN, NEDERLANDERNA. Procedure for the production of parlance.

Prioritet begdrd frdn den 24 olctober 1947 och, den RI augusti 1948 (NederliindeTna). Priority requested from 24 October 1947 and, RI August 1948 (NederliindeTna).

Sa kallad parlessens utgor en suspension av naturliga guaninkristaller, vanligtvis erhallna fran fiskars fjall, skinn och simblasor. Sarskilt anvandas fjallen av Brama Raii for framstallning av sadan essens, som ar ett allmant kant utgangsmaterial for framstallning av syntetiska parlor. For ovrigt liar parlessens funnit vidstrackt anvandning vid lac-her och fernissor. The so-called parlance constitutes a suspension of natural guanine crystals, usually obtained from fish mountains, skins and swimming bubbles. In particular, the mountains are used by Brama Raii for the production of such essence, which is a general edge starting material for the production of synthetic beads. Incidentally, the parlance has found widespread use in lacquers and varnishes.

Den iildsta metoden att framstalla Odes-seas Or baserad pa anvandningen av utspadd ammoniak. Det har befunnits, att guaninkristaller sadana de finnas i naturen ligga inbaddade i cellprotoplasma, ett proteinamne. Genom en rnekanisk behandling av fjallen, I. ex. skakning, omraring eller knadning dr det mojligt att frigora en del av kristallerna frau fjallen. Pa detta satt bli emellertid kristallerna flier eller mindre inneslutna i proteinskikt, varigenom deras glans minskas. Darfor separeras proteinamnet genom ett alkalibad. Detta fOrfaringssatt ar emellertid mycket besvarligt, emedan upprepade tvattningar och separeringsbehandlingar erfordras. Det liar darfOr foresiagits att avlagsna den omslutande protoplasman genom en be-handling med tval eller saponin eller rued protein sonderdelande enzymer. Dessa behandlingar aro emellertid ganska tidsodande och i de fiesta fall maste utgangsmaterialen skydthis mot fi3rstOrelse genom ett antiseptiskt model, for vilket andamal arsenik innehallande losningar rekommenderas. For ovrigt uppvisar forfaringssattet den olagenheten, att den sa. erhallna parlessensen maste renas genom en serie tvattningar och. utfallningar. Det har aven foreslagits att rena en genom ett av de ovanstaende forfaringssatten erhallen essens med vatskor, som lake aro bland-barn med vatten. For delta andamal omformas en sadan essens till en tjock vattenhaltig grot genom utfallning eller centrifuge-ring. Denna grot behandlas sedan med de ovannamnda vatskorna, varvid guaninkristallerna overforas till dessa vatskor och forore ningarna kvarstanna i vattenskiktet. En. oldgenhet harvid Ox, att det of La bildas emulsioner, som ej kunna separeras ytterligare. The oldest method of producing Odes-seas Or based on the use of diluted ammonia. It has been found that guanine crystals such as those found in nature are embedded in cell protoplasm, a protein substance. Through a mechanical treatment of the mountains, I. ex. shaking, stirring or kneading, it is possible to release some of the crystals from the mountains. In this way, however, the crystals become more or less enclosed in protein layers, thereby reducing their luster. Therefore, the protein name is separated by an alkali bath. However, this procedure is very cumbersome, as repeated washes and separation treatments are required. It has therefore been suggested that the enveloping protoplasm be removed by treatment with tval or saponin or rued protein probing enzymes. However, these treatments are quite time consuming and in most cases the starting materials must be protected against starvation by an antiseptic model, for which andalal arsenic containing solutions are recommended. Incidentally, the procedure shows the illegality that it said. the obtained parlance must be purified by a series of washes and. precipitations. It has also been suggested to purify an essence obtained by one of the above procedures using waders, which are mixed with water. For delta andamal, such an essence is transformed into a thick aqueous root by precipitation or centrifugation. This grout is then treated with the above-mentioned water-shoes, the guanine crystals being transferred to these water-shoes and the contaminants remaining in the water layer. One. It is believed that emulsions are formed which cannot be further separated.

Det liar nu befunnits, att det dr mojligt att direkt erhalla en mycket ren parlessens av sadana utgangsmaterial som fiskars fjall, skinn och simblasor, guano och insekter genom att under kort lid upphetta dessa utgangsmaterial och sedan behandla dem med ett suspensionsmedel, bestaende av en rued -vatten icke blandbar vatska. Pa sd salt enhalles en suspension av guaninkristaller i den med vatten ej blandbara vatskan, som latt kan skilj as fran den vattenhaltiga massan i utgangsmaterialen. Kristallerna sjalva kunna pa enkelt salt, t. ex. genom filtrering eller centrifugering atervinnas ur suspensionen och suspenderas i nagon lamplig vatska. It has now been found that it is possible to directly obtain a very pure parlance of such starting materials as fish scales, skins and swim bladders, guano and insects by briefly heating these starting materials and then treating them with a suspending agent, consisting of a rued -water immiscible liquid. This salt contains a suspension of guanine crystals in the water-immiscible liquid, which can be easily separated from the aqueous mass in the starting materials. The crystals themselves can be easily salted, e.g. by filtration or centrifugation recovered from the suspension and suspended in any suitable liquid.

Upphettningen kan ntforas pa olika salt. Det Or salunda mojligt att upphetta del vattenhaltiga materialet i en ugn eller behandla det med varm luft under en kort tid. Sarskilt gott resultat erhalles genom upphettning med vatten.. Tiden for utgangsmaterialens upphettning beror pa den anvanda temperaturen. Saledes Or det vid vatten av 65° C tillrackligt att upphetta materialet under 15 sekunder, under det att det vid 90° racker med 2-3 seku.nder. Lampligen nil ores upphettningentemperaturer pa. 65-100° C, chu- rn aven hogre temperaturer kunna anvandas. De kunna aven behandlas med iinga under en kort stund. The heating can be performed on different salts. It is therefore possible to heat some of the aqueous material in an oven or treat it with hot air for a short time. Particularly good results are obtained by heating with water. The time for heating the starting materials depends on the temperature used. Thus, at 65 ° C water, it is sufficient to heat the material for 15 seconds, while at 90 ° rack it takes 2-3 seconds. Lamplig nil ores heating temperatures pa. 65-100 ° C, even higher temperatures can be used. They can also be treated with iinga for a short time.

De under en kort lid upphettade utgangsmaterialen inforas i en med vatten ej bland-bar vatska, van i guaninkristallerna nu latt upptagas genom en mekanisk rorelse, under det att fororeningarna i de vattenhaltiga utgangsmaterialen kvarlamnas. Delta kan astadkommas genom skakning eller omroring. Det ar emellertid fordelaktigast att behandla utgangsmaterialen i roterande perforerade trummor eller i roterande behallare av metalltradsduk, vars maskor aro valda efter storleken av utgangsmaterialens partiklar. 2— — Behandlingen utfOres vanligen vid rum.stemperatur men diva' hogre som lagre temperaturer aro mojliga. The starting materials heated for a short time are introduced into a water-immiscible liquid, used in the guanine crystals now allowed to be taken up by a mechanical movement, while the impurities in the aqueous starting materials are left. Delta can be accomplished by shaking or stirring. However, it is most advantageous to treat the starting materials in rotating perforated drums or in rotating containers of metal wire cloth, the meshes of which are selected according to the size of the particles of the starting materials. 2— - The treatment is usually carried out at room temperature, but higher and lower temperatures are possible.

Sasom med vatten oblandbara vatskor kunna anvandas estrar, sasom amylacetat, fettsyror, kolvaten, shsom bensin, toluol, xylol, petroleumeter, etrar, koldisulfid, organiska klorforeningar, sasom kloroform, koltetraklorid, tetrakloretan och liknande. Aven blandningar av sadana vatskor kunna anvandas. As water-immiscible liquids, esters, such as amyl acetate, fatty acids, carbohydrates, such as gasoline, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, ethers, carbon disulfide, organic chlorine compounds, such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethane and the like can be used. Mixtures of such water shoes can also be used.

Flotationen med de med vatten ej blandbara vatskorna utfores under mycket kort tid. Blom nagra fa minuter forefinnas praktiskt taget alla guaninkristallerna i suspensionsmedlet. Vanligen fortsatter behandlingen ytterligare nagra minuter. Ofta uppstar ett vattenbaltigt skikt, som utskiljer ingaende mineral och organiska fororeningar. Beroende pa den specifika vikten av den med vatten ej blandbara vatskan avskiljes detta skikt upptill eller nedtill. Guaninkristallerna atervinnas sedan frail den sâ erhallna suspensionen genom de vanliga metoderna, t. ex. filtrering, utfallning eller centrifugering. The flotation with the water-immiscible water shoes is carried out for a very short time. In a few minutes, practically all the guanine crystals are present in the suspending agent. Usually the treatment continues for a few more minutes. A water-like layer often forms, which separates inert minerals and organic contaminants. Depending on the specific gravity of the water-immiscible liquid, this layer is separated at the top or bottom. The guanine crystals are then recovered from the suspension thus obtained by the usual methods, e.g. filtration, precipitation or centrifugation.

Bet liar emellertid befunnits, att den ph ovanstaende satt erhallna suspensionen fort-f arande innehaller en liten mangd f ororeningar i form av slemartade amnen.. Dessa fororeningar nedsatta kvaliteten hos den slutliga parlessensen, enar dennas glans minskas. Enligt uppfinningen ar det emellertid mojligt att framstalla en mycket ren parlessens, om man drar forsorg om att suspensionsmedlet vid nagot av behandlingsstegen har sadan specifik vikt, att guaninkristallerna kvarstanna i suspensionen och fororeningarna, om slemartade amnen forefinnas, flyta upp pi ytan och pa sa satt latt kunna avlagsnas. Den pa sã satt frail slemartade amnen befriade suspensionen kan sedan bearbetas vidare pa vanligt satt. Be rena kristallerna kunna upptagas i nagon lamplig vatska, beroende pa vad de skola anvandas till. However, it has been found that the suspension obtained above still contains a small amount of impurities in the form of mucous substances. These impurities reduce the quality of the final parlance, reducing its gloss. According to the invention, however, it is possible to produce a very pure parlance, if care is taken that the suspending agent in any of the treatment steps has such a specific weight that the guanine crystals remain in the suspension and the impurities, if mucous substances are present, float on the surface and so on. easily removed. The suspension thus released from the mucous substances can then be further processed in the usual way. The pure crystals can be absorbed in any suitable liquid, depending on what they are to be used for.

Suspensionsmedlet bor lampligen ha en specifik vikt mellan 1,1 och 1,3. Till en viss grad blir den beroende pa arten av den separator, som anvandes for att skilja de slemartade amnena frail suspensionen. Bet liar salunda med tva separatorer av olika typ befunnits, att den mest gynnsamma specifika vikten i det ena fallet var 1,27 och i det andra 1,16. The suspending agent should suitably have a specific gravity between 1.1 and 1.3. To some extent, it depends on the nature of the separator used to separate the slimy substances from the suspension. Thus, with two separators of different types, it was found that the most favorable specific gravity in one case was 1.27 and in the other 1.16.

Fiir uppnaende av onskad separering kan utgangsmaterialet efter att ha upphettats direkt behandlas med en med vatten ej bland-bar vatska eller med en blandning av shdana vatskor med lamplig specifik vikt. Olagenheten vid denna behandling, namligen att de tyngre fororeningarna sasom sandkorn, bli kvar I suspensionen, kan latt overvinnas genom att efter avlagsnandet av det vattenhaltiga skiktet och de slemartade amnena filtrera den kvarblivna suspensionen genom ett lampligt filter, I. ex. en duk, varvid de grovre partiklarna kvarstanna pa filtret och suspensionen av de fina guaninkristallerna rinner igenom filtret. To achieve the desired separation, after heating, the starting material can be treated directly with a water-immiscible liquid or with a mixture of such liquid shoes of suitable specific gravity. The disadvantage of this treatment, namely that the heavier contaminants such as sand grains, remain in the suspension, can be easily overcome by filtering the remaining suspension through a suitable filter after the removal of the aqueous layer and the mucous substances, e.g. a cloth, the coarser particles remaining on the filter and the suspension of the fine guanine crystals flowing through the filter.

Det Sr aven lampligt, att suspensionen, efter det att de vattenhaltiga utgangsmaterialen franskilts, ges 8nskad specifik vikt och sedan skilj es Iran de slemartade anmena. Om sprit anvandes sasom suspensionsmedel, sattes ungefar tva volymdelar trikloretylen till varje del sprit, varigenom den specifika vikten blir 1,27. Andra vatskor med hog specifik vikt, shsom koltetraklorid, tetrakloretan och tetrakloretylen, ha Oxen befunnits lampliga. It is also expedient that the suspension, after the aqueous starting materials have been separated, be given the desired specific gravity and then the mucous membranes are separated from Iran. If alcohol was used as the suspending agent, approximately two volumes of trichlorethylene were added to each portion of the alcohol, thereby giving the specific gravity 1.27. Other high specific gravity watering shoes, such as carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethane and tetrachlorethylene, have been found suitable for Taurus.

FOrfaringssattet enligt uppfinningen har den fordelen, all det är mycket enkelt, snabbt och ekonomiskt. Vid delta nya forfaringssatt är det icke ails nodvandigt att utga fran fiskfjiill, sarskilt frail fran Brama Raii, sasom forhallandet vanligen varit hittills. For erhallande av dessa fjall maste fisket utforas pa ett sarskilt salt. Om fiske utfores pa vanligt satt, erhalles fisk utan fjall. Bet har nu befunnits, att p vanligt satt fiskad fisk kan anvandas sasom utgangsmaterial. Alla slags fiskar, sasom Brama Raii, sill och liknande, som ha silvervitt skinn kunna anvandas shsom utgangsmaterial. Till det syftet underkastas hela fisken utan fOregaende behandEng behandlingen enligt uppfinningen. Del är Oxen mOjligt att nigh fran konserverad fisk, sasom saltad fisk. En viktig fordel Ox, att avkastningen blir mycket st8rre an vid de tidigare f5rfaringssatten. Tidigare erh011s av 1000 kg Brama Raii 25 kg fjall, varav 5 % parlessens erholls. Vid forfaringssattet enligt uppfinningen erhalles fran 100 kg Brama Raii utan fjall 100 kg parlessens. Vid sill är avkastningen av samma storleksordning. The method according to the invention has that advantage, all of which is very simple, fast and economical. In the case of new procedures, it is not at all necessary to start from fish, especially from Brama Raii, as has been the case so far. To obtain these mountains, the fishing must be carried out on a special salt. If fishing is carried out in the usual way, fish without scales are obtained. Bait has now been found that in the usual way fished fish can be used as a starting material. All kinds of fish, such as Brama Raii, herring and the like, which have silver-white skin can be used as starting material. To that end, the whole fish is subjected to the treatment according to the invention without prior treatment. Part of the Taurus is possible to nigh from canned fish, such as salted fish. An important advantage Ox, that the return will be much greater than with the previous methods. Previously, 1000 kg of Brama Raii received 25 kg of mountain, of which 5% was obtained from the parlance. In the process set according to the invention, from 100 kg of Brama Raii without rock, 100 kg of parlance is obtained. In the case of herring, the yield is of the same order of magnitude.

Fisk, som behandlats i enlighet med uppfinningen, kan sedan den torkats, pa vanligt satt bearbetas till fiskmj81. Fish treated in accordance with the invention can, after being dried, be processed into fishmeal in the usual manner.

Claims

Patent application:

A process for the preparation of the paddock from various starting materials, such as fish, simblas or other silvery-white parts of fish, guano or insects, wherein the starting material is treated with a suspending agent, consisting of a water-immiscible liquid, characterized in that the starting material the treatment with the suspending agent is heated for a short time, care being taken that the suspending agent has such a specific weight during some of the treatment steps that the guanine crystals remain in the suspension and the mucous substances float to the surface so that they can be easily removed.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the short-term heating is carried out with water or water vapor.

Sampling according to patent claim 2, - —3 characterized in that the heating with water or water vapor is carried out at temperatures between 65 and 100 ° C.

4. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting materials are treated immediately after heating with a suspending agent of desired specific gravity.

5. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension of the guanine crystals in a water-immiscible liquid is given the desired specific weight by means of a liquid which is miscible therewith.

A process according to claim 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that a liquid having a specific gravity of between 1.1 and 1.3 is used as the suspending agent. Stockholm 1949. Kungl. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & Siker 490089