SE126373C1

SE126373C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE126373C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1949-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: F. Carlsson och E. A. Eklund. Inventors: F. Carlsson and E. A. Eklund.

FEir pyrollys lay • bituminos skiff er, brukkol, stenkol eller annat kolhaltigt material anvandes hi. a. kanalugnar, genom vilka det styckformiga, gasgenomslappande godset transporteras pa genombrutna underlag, I. ex. vagnar med perforerade bottnar, 'eller pa en rest besthende exempelvis av ett genombrutet, dndlost band, som med konstant h,astighet ror sig genom ugnskanalen, vilken i hada andar är avstangd fran den yttre atmosf dren. God-set pamatas bandets 'ena ande 'och den fardigdestillerade aterstoden avgar frau bandets andra ande genom en lamplig slussanordning, utan att luften far tillfalle intranga i ugnen. Godsets upphettning sker genom att de vid processen ,utvecklade vattenangorn.a och de hild ade. d e sti 11 atton s-pro duktern a tvangsvis bringas att upprepade ganger cirkulera genom upphettningsanordningar i vilka de upphettas och sedan, huvudsakligen i vertikal riktning, genom 'det gasgenoraslappande godset, varvid detsamma upphettas till erforderlig temperatur. FEir pyrollys lay • bituminous shale, charcoal, coal or other carbonaceous material is used hi. a. duct furnaces, through which the piece-shaped, gas-permeable goods are transported on perforated substrates, I. ex. carriages with perforated bottoms, or on a residue consisting, for example, of a perforated, breathless belt, which moves at a constant speed through the furnace channel, which in hot spirits is closed off from the outer atmosphere. The 'one spirit' of the God-set pamatas belt and the finished distilled residue emits from the other spirit of the belt through a suitable locking device, without the air being allowed to penetrate into the furnace. The goods are heated by the water angars developed during the process and the hild ade. The eighth product is forcibly circulated repeatedly by heating devices in which they are heated and then, substantially in the vertical direction, through the gas generating material, heating the same to the required temperature.

Upphettningsanordningarna kunna utgOras av varmeelement, bestaende av i kanalugnens ldngdriktning fortlopande tuber, 'eller tubknippen, som genomstrommas av heta rOkgaser eller andra varma gaser .och vilka tuber omspolas av destillationsprodukterna. The heating devices can be constituted by heating elements, consisting of tubes running in the longitudinal direction of the channel furnace, or tube bundles, which are permeated by hot flue gases or other hot gases and which tubes are purged by the distillation products.

Vare sig godset transporteras genom ugnskanalen pa vagnar 'eller pa en vandrande rost blir den godshOld de upphettande .destillationsgaserna hava ,att genomtra.nga densamma i olika sektioner av .ugnskanalen. Whether the goods are transported through the furnace duct on wagons or on a traveling grate, the goods will have the heating distillation gases to penetrate it in different sections of the furnace duct.

Varmeoverforingen till godset beror pa temperaturdifferensen median godset 'och de heta rokgaserna, varfor det är fordelaktigt att dessa 'lava en hog temperatur. The heat transfer to the goods is due to the temperature difference between the goods' and the hot flue gases, so it is advantageous for them to have a high temperature.

Da varmeelementen blott tam a en viss temperatur, finns det en grans Over vilken dessa ej b8ra upphettas. Genom att i kanalugnens intagsande leda rokgaserna i medstr8m med godset, som har p. grund av sin fuktighet och laga temperatur verkar starkt avkylande pa de cirkulerande destillationsgaserna och dar med pa varmeelementen, ken man bar tillata en rdkgastemperatur pa 800-900° C. I denna del av ugnen kan man darfOr arbeta med ett Mgt godslager, vilket givetvis är en fiirdel, .da ternperaturfallet vid destillationsgasernas genomgang blir betydligt, varigenom en storre varmemangd upptages av desamma da.' de pas-sera vdrmeelementen. Langre in i ugnen ddr godset antagit en hogre temperatur inaste, av ovan angivna skal, roligastemperaturen hallas lagre varfor temperaturdifferensen blir mindre. Enligt uppfinningen foresla.s att i denna del av ugnen 'arbeta med ett tunnare godslager, varigenom ernas en hastigare 'och jamnare upphettning. Since the heating elements are only tame at a certain temperature, there is a limit above which these should not be heated. By conducting the flue gases in cocurrent with the goods in the intake of the duct furnace, which due to its humidity and low temperature has a strong cooling effect on the circulating distillation gases and thus on the heating elements, a flue gas temperature of 800-900 ° C should be allowed. this part of the furnace can therefore be used with a large stock of goods, which is of course an advantage, since the temperature drop during the passage of the distillation gases becomes considerable, whereby a larger amount of heat is taken up by the same day. ' de pas-sera vdrmeelementen. Further into the oven, when the goods have assumed a higher temperature in one of the above-mentioned shells, the freezing temperature is kept lower, which is why the temperature difference becomes smaller. According to the invention, it is proposed to work in this part of the furnace with a thinner layer of goods, whereby a faster and smoother heating is achieved.

Vid pyrolys av ett gods med relativt hog halt .av oljebildande 'dinnen overgar godset sedan det upiphettats tiid destillationstemperatur (270-300° C), i klibbigt tillstand, vilket givetvis minskar gasgenomtrangligheten 'och forsvarar godsets upphettning. In the case of pyrolysis of a product with a relatively high content of oil-forming dunes, the product then surpasses the distillation temperature (270-300 ° C) in the sticky state, in a sticky state, which of course reduces the gas permeability 'and defends the heating of the product.

Arbetar man under derma period a-v processen med ett Mgt godslager, som upphettas medelst underifran uppstigande, varnaa ,destillationsgaser, varvid lagrets ovre skikt blir avsevart kallare an det undre, komma de vid pyrolysen i det undre skiktet bildade pyrolysprodukterna att kondenseras hogre upp .och forsvara eller fOrhindra destillationsgasernas genomgang ,och darmed processens utfOrande. Anvandes I enlighet med foreliggande uppfinning ett laabre godslager uppkommer ej derma olagenhet, ,da Mott ringa temperaturskillnad uppstAr i lagrets .olika skikt. If one works during this period of the process with a large stock of goods, which is heated by means of ascending, warning, distillation gases, whereby the upper layer of the layer becomes considerably colder than the lower, the pyrolysis products formed during the pyrolysis in the lower layer will condense higher up and defend or prevent the passage of the distillation gases, and thus the execution of the process. If a low-grade goods warehouse is used in accordance with the present invention, this inertia does not arise, since a small temperature difference arises in the different layers of the warehouse.

Sedan storsta delen av oljeprodukterna avdestillerats fOreligger ej langre risken for en dylik kondensation. Det galler da att upphetta godset till sluttemperaturen, 475-500° G, far att avdriva de sista resterna av vid upphettningen bildade ,oljeprodukter. I .detta skede har det styckformiga godsets ytor antagit en temperatur, som. ligger 'obetydligt under sluttemperaturen, varfor rokgasernas temperatur maste hallas relativt lag f Or •att ej utsatta varr meelementen far for hog temperatur. Varme- 2— — overforingen till det styckfarmiga godsets inre sker .enbart genom ledning och dâ ledningsftirmagan i allmanhet ar mycket lag fordras en avsevard tid f5r att genomvarma godset, varfor det enligt foreliggande uppfinning foreslas att i derma del .av ugnen ,ater arbeta med en hogre godshojd. Since most of the oil products have been distilled off, there is no longer any risk of such condensation. It is then necessary to heat the goods to the final temperature, 475-500 ° G, to evaporate the last residues of oil products formed during heating. At this stage, the surfaces of the piece goods have assumed a temperature which. is' insignificantly below the final temperature, which is why the temperature of the flue gases must be kept relatively low in order not to expose the elements to a high temperature. The heat transfer to the interior of the piecemeal goods takes place only through a line and since the line is generally very long, a considerable amount of time is required to heat the goods, so that according to the present invention it is proposed to work with this part of the furnace again. a higher estate height.

Genom att arbeta med .ett tunnare godslager I vissa delar av ugmen vinnes den ytterligare fordelen att kraftforbrukningen minskas i de delar av ugnen dar det ur driftsteknisk synpunkt ãr lampligt att arbeta med ett Mgt gods-lager. By working with a thinner stock of goods In certain parts of the furnace, the additional advantage is gained that the power consumption is reduced in those parts of the furnace where it is appropriate from an operational point of view to work with a large stock of goods.

Foreliggande uppfinning avser ,aven en anordning for mojliggorande av regleringen .av godslagrets höjd medan godset kontinuerligt transparteras genom ugnen i huvudsakligen harisontell riktning ph .ett genombrutet underlag, vilken anordning bestir daruti att den rorliga rosten är uppdelad i tva eller flera den ena .efter den .andra anbragta, var for sig drivna delar, i andamal att mojliggora de .olika delarnas frammatning med av varandra .oberoende hastigheter. The present invention also relates to a device for enabling the control of the height of the goods warehouse while the goods are continuously transparent through the furnace in a substantially horizontal direction to a perforated substrate, which device consists in that the movable grate is divided into two or more one after the other. .other placed, separately driven parts, in the spirit of enabling the advancement of the .different parts at mutually independent speeds.

Nar godset .utgores av skivformiga stycken, som fallet ofta Or med bituminlisa skiffrar, komma dessa stycken yid pamatningen pa rosten (bandet) att med sina flata sidor falla hu-vudsakligen sa att de intaga horisontella lagen .och konuna darf Or att erbjuda ett mycket stort motstand mot .destillations.gasernas cirkulation, da dessa ledas nedifran och upp eller vice versa genom rosten. For att undvika eller minska denna iolagenhet anbringas enligt uppfinningen mellan den ph.matningstratt, varur godset kontinuerligt tillforses rosten i ugnens intagsande, och rosten, sarskilda styrplatar, :som uppdela det ur tratten nedrinnande godset i skilda strommar. Det har visat sig attlampligt aystand mellan styrplalarna i forhallande till storleken pa godsstyckena en stor del .av sldvorn.a stalls sig pa kant pa roe-ten, varigenom motstandet mot gascirkulationen blir avsevart mindre an am skivorna intaga horisontella lagen. Vid godsets overfiirande frail .ett bands avlastningsande till nasta bands pamatningsande anbringas liknande styrplatar. When the goods consist of disc-shaped pieces, as is often the case with bituminous slates, these pieces come to fall on the rust (band) with their flat sides, mainly so that they take on horizontal layers, and the wife has to offer a lot great resistance to the circulation of .distillations.gas, as these are conducted from below and up or vice versa through the grate. In order to avoid or reduce this iolag unit, according to the invention it is placed between the feed hopper, from which the goods are continuously fed to the grate in the intake of the oven, and the grate, special guide plates, which divide the goods flowing out of the funnel into different streams. It has been found that adequate spacing between the guide posts in relation to the size of the goods pieces a large part of the silver is placed on the edge of the root, whereby the resistance to the gas circulation becomes considerably less than if the discs take up horizontal layers. At the transfer of the goods to the relief end of one belt to the feed end of the next belt, similar guide plates are applied.

A bifogade ritningar visas en enligt uppfinningen anardnad pyralysapparat i vertikal langdsektion i fig. 1, i plan i fig. 2 och i sek- tion i fig. 3 .efter linjeni fig. 1. Fig. 4-8 visa .detaljanordningar for .att vid pyrolys av skivformigt material forhindra detsamma att intaga i huvudsak h.orisontella &- gen pa banden. In the accompanying drawings, a pyralysis apparatus arranged according to the invention is shown in vertical longitudinal section in Fig. 1, in plan in Fig. 2 and in section in Fig. 3, along the line in Fig. 1. Figs. 4-8 show detailed devices for in the case of pyrolysis of disc-shaped material, prevent the same from taking up mainly horizontal & - gen on the belts.

Apparaten bestar av en langstrackt kanal, genom vilken godset transporteras ph de andlosa banden A, B .och C, vilka .drivas medelst motorerna Ai, B, .och Ci. Ovanfor banden aro i pyrolysrummet anbragta apphettningsanordmingar E uppdelade i sektioner, exempelvis en far varje hand, och bestaende av tuber, genom vilka varma gaser, .exempelvis forbrannings gaser, ledas. Medelst filaktarna F bringas destillationsgaserna att eirkulera genom det pa banden befintliga godset loch mellanrummen mellan tuberna omspolande desamma. Upphettningsanordningarna kunna liven utforas sa .att rokgaserna omspola tuberna och destillationsgaserna cirkulera genom .desamma. Givetvis kunna upphettningsanardningarna aven placeras i botten av pyrolysrummet D under banden eller vid sidan air rummet D, i vilket fall forbindelseledningar anbringas mellan rummet D .och upphettningsanordningarna, lampligen en for varje flat. For tillforsel av varma upphettningsgaser till de olika sektionerna av upphettningsanordningarna aro anordnade fordelningskammare G„ G1 och G,, i vilka varma gaser Iran eldstaderna H„ och H3 inkoinma genom ledningarna L, L och I3. Sedan de varma gasern,a pass.erat tuberna E utsugas de frail samlingskamrarna K1, K, och K, medelst flaktarna Li, L, och L3. De vid pyrolysen bild,ade gastormiga produkterna avga genom uttagen M for kondensering .och vidare behandling. The apparatus consists of an elongate channel, through which the goods are transported ph the spiritless belts A, B, and C, which are driven by the motors Ai, B, and Ci. Above the belts are in the pyrolysis room heating devices E divided into sections, for example a father each hand, and consisting of tubes, through which hot gases, for example combustion gases, are passed. By means of the file acts F, the distillation gases are caused to circulate through the goods present on the belts and the spaces between the tubes are flushed over them. The heating devices can be designed so that the flue gases flush the tubes and the distillation gases circulate through them. Of course, the heating devices can also be placed in the bottom of the pyrolysis room D below the belts or next to the air space D, in which case connecting lines are arranged between the room D and the heating devices, suitably one for each surface. For the supply of hot heating gases to the various sections of the heating devices, distribution chambers G "G1 and G" are arranged, in which hot gases Iran the fireplaces H "and H3 are incorporated through the lines L, L and I3. After the hot gases have passed through the tubes E, the frail collection chambers K1, K, and K are extracted by means of the flakes L1, L1 and L3. The gaseous products formed during the pyrolysis give off through the M outlets for condensation and further treatment.

Del material, som skall underkastas pyrolys uppfordras medelst eleAvatorn N i matartratten 0, varifran det yid bandets A rorelse pamatas detsamma. Me.delst spjallet P kan godsholden p bandet regleras. Vid bandets rorelse forflyttas godset till .dess andr.a ande (avlastningsanden) .och nedfaller pa bandets B pamatningsande, varifran det pa samma salt fornyttas till bandet C fran mars avlastningsande det fardigdestillerade godset utmatas genom slussanordningen R. I stallet f Or att placera banden trappstegsformigt som ritningarna visa, kunna banden givas en mindre stigning sh ,att sista bandets avlastnings.ande kommer pa s.amma niva som forsta bandets pamatningsande. Part of the material to be subjected to pyrolysis is required by means of the elevator N in the hopper 0, from which the movement of the yid belt is the same. By means of the damper P, the goods holding on the belt can be regulated. During the movement of the belt, the goods are moved to their second spirit (unloading spirit) and fall on the loading spirit of the belt B, from where it is used on the same salt to the belt C from March unloading, the finished distilled goods are discharged through the locking device R. Instead of placing the belts stepwise, as the drawings show, the belts can be given a smaller pitch so that the unloading end of the last belt comes at the same level as the loading end of the first belt.

.Genom ,att driva handen med olika hastighet regleras godshojden p& de olika banden. Hall godshoiden pa bandet A Or exempelvis 400 mm och bandet drives med en hastighet .av 225 min/min., medan bandets B hastighet ar 450 mm/min., bar godsh5jden pa .det senare blott 200 mm. By pushing the hand at different speeds, the height of the goods on the different belts is regulated. Hold the goods height on the belt A Or, for example, 400 mm and the belt is driven at a speed of 225 min / min., While the speed B of the belt is 450 mm / min., The goods height on the latter was only 200 mm.

Pamatningstratten 0 ar i sin nedre del f Orsedd med m.ellanyaggar eller styrplatar S, som uppdela det nedrinnande godset I skilda strommar, varigenom detsamma forhindras att med sina flata sidor intaga ett horisontellt lage pa bandet. Anordningen fortydligas av fig. 4-6, dar fig. 4 visar en vertikal sektion genom pamatningstratten i ugnens dangdriktning, fig. 5 en sektion efter linjen V—V och fig. 6 en sektion efter linj en VI—VI i fig. 4. The feed hopper 0 is in its lower part f Equipped with intermediate grooves or guide plates S, which divide the descending goods into separate streams, whereby the same is prevented from taking up a horizontal layer on the belt with its flat sides. The device is illustrated by Figs. 4-6, where Fig. 4 shows a vertical section through the feed hopper in the direction of the furnace of the oven, Fig. 5 a section along the line V-V and Fig. 6 a section along line a VI-VI in Fig. 4.

Vid godsetts overforand.e fran ett band till nastfoljande .anyandes lampligen en liknande anordning innehallande styrplatar S sasom fortydligas i fig. 7-8. Fig. 7 -visor en vertikal sektion genom bandets B pamatningsande i ugnens langdriktning och fig. 8 en sektion efter linj en VIII—VIII i fig. 7. — —3 When the goods are transferred from a belt to the next, a similar device containing guide plates S is illustrated, as explained in Figs. 7-8. Fig. 7 shows a vertical section through the feed end of the belt B in the longitudinal direction of the oven and Fig. 8 a section along line VIII-VIII in Fig. 7. -3

Claims

Patent claim:

Procedure for pyrolysis of bituminous shale, coal, lignite or other carbonaceous material, which is carried through a duct furnace while the pyrolysis gases are forced to circulate through the goods after heating, characterized in that the goods in different sections of the furnace are advanced at different speeds and layer height, in order to adjust the treatment according to the condition of the goods in the different sections.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the goods, if they are disc-shaped in this way, are conveyed through the furnace 1 substantially at the edge and in order to reduce the flow resistance of the gases.

3. Apparatus for carrying out, according to the method set forth in patent claim 1, consisting of a channel furnace with distillation chamber, and containing a perforated or perforated. Former rust causes the goods to be transported through the furnace, as well as devices for forced circulation of the pyrolysis gases through the goods and at suitable stalls. Heating devices arranged outside the furnace, characterized by the movable rust being divided into two or more one after the other, placed separately , driven parts, 1 andamal, to allow the feed of the different parts at mutually independent speeds.

4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the nearest occupied part of the oven is covered with a drive device, SOITI allows it to be operated at a lower speed than the subsequent parts of the grate.

5. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the grate is divided into three breathless hands, chains or the like provided with such, drive devices of the first belt move at less speed than the second rock the third belt with less speed than the second band.

Apparatus according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that partitions or guide plates placed in a substantially vertical direction are arranged in a feed hopper to the first grate part, which divide the falling goods into separate streams and if the goods are disc-shaped force it, breastfeeding, to be stalled.

Apparatus according to claim 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that at the stable the goods are transferred from a grate part to the nearest subsequent distribution devices equipped with substantially vertical partitions or guide plates for dividing the transferred (falling) goods into separate streams in and father participates edge stalling. Stockholm 1949. Burg '. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & Moor 490089