SE125411C1

SE125411C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE125411C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1900-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: C. W. Leguillon. Inventor: C. W. Leguillon.

Prioritet begdrd frdn den 26 mars 1945 (Amerikas forenta stater). Priority requested from March 26, 1945 (United States of America).

Foreliggande uppfinning hanfor sig till tillverkningen av vulkaniserade varor av dielektriskt plastiskt material, och avser speciellt satt och anordningar for elektrostatisk upphettning, I. ex. vulkanisering av dylika material i olika former och storlekar utan att materialet under upphettningen behover utsattas for formtryck. The present invention relates to the manufacture of vulcanized articles of dielectric plastic material, and relates in particular to sets and devices for electrostatic heating, e.g. vulcanization of such materials in various shapes and sizes without the material having to be subjected to mold pressure during heating.

Del har redan tidigare foreslagits att vulkanisera gummiprodukter genom att underkasta pro dukterna upphettning medelst ett hogfrekvent elektrostatiskt fait, men denna metod har icke funnit flagon storre tillampning vid industriell tillverkning av utformade foremal av vulkaniserat gummi, enar det hittills ansetts Midvandigt att gummit inneslutes i en gjutform under tryck eller pa annat salt underkastas relativt hoga tryck under vulkaniseringsprocessen, som utfores exempelvis i en autoklav. Ett dylikt formtryck har ansetts nodvandigt for att undvika blasbildning i gummit, med del resultatet .att de fardiga produkterna uppvisa en icke Onskyard porositet, liksorn amen for att undvika ytbldsor och liknande defekter. Dessutom har det ansetts nOdvandigt att innesluta materialet i gjutforni for att erhalla vulkaniserade foremal av exakt onskad utformning. Some have previously been proposed to vulcanize rubber products by subjecting the products to heating by means of a high frequency electrostatic fait, but this method has not found much application in the industrial manufacture of molded articles of vulcanized rubber, hitherto it has been considered intermediate to incorporate the rubber into under pressure or on other salt is subjected to relatively high pressures during the vulcanization process, which is carried out, for example, in an autoclave. Such a molding pressure has been considered necessary to avoid blistering in the rubber, with the result that the finished products show a non-Onskyard porosity, the like amen to avoid surface blisters and similar defects. In addition, it has been considered necessary to enclose the material in casting molds in order to obtain vulcanized molds of exactly the desired design.

Enar metall icke far forekomma i det elektrostatiska faltet, har det varit nodvandigt att anvanda gjutformar utforda ay isoleringsmaterial, sasom t. ex. glas och porslin, men dessa material arc obestandiga och ha ofta icke tillracklig hallfasthet for att motsta de tryek, som ansetts nodvandiga for astadkommande am effektiv gjutning. De pressar eller andra anordningar, som anvants for att astadkomma gjuttrycket, medfora med nodvandighet stora metallmassor, vilka maste Nara omsorgsfullt isolerade fran de med gjutformarna fOrbundna elektroderna och vilka i varje fall icke aro onskvarda i omedelbar narhet av det elektrostatiska faltet, enar de strain att splittra och stora det elektrostatiska faltet och sjalva upphettas, vilket resulterar i stora energiforluster liksom amen andra icke Onskvarda. komplikationer. If metal is not allowed to occur in the electrostatic field, it has been necessary to use molds to challenge insulation materials, such as e.g. glass and porcelain, but these materials are unstable and often do not have sufficient rigidity to withstand the pressures considered necessary for effective casting. The presses or other devices used to provide the casting pressure inevitably carry large masses of metal which must be carefully insulated from the electrodes connected to the casting molds and which in any case are not present in the immediate vicinity of the electrostatic field. split and large the electrostatic field and itself heated, resulting in large energy losses as well as amen others not Onskvarda. complications.

Dessutom har flagon helt tillfredsstallande metod icke hittills foreslagits for kontinuerlig vulkanisering ay gummi i form av band eller saner med hjalp av elektrostatisk upphettning. In addition, the completely unsatisfactory method of flaking has hitherto been proposed for continuous vulcanization of rubber in the form of strips or seams by means of electrostatic heating.

Foreliggande uppfinning avser ett enkelt, ekonomiskt och effektivt satt och en anordning fOr behandling ay dielektriska plastiska material genom elektrostatisk upphettning, varvid de ovannamnda svarigheterna och nackdelarna undvika s. The present invention relates to a simple, economical and efficient method and device for treating dielectric plastic materials by electrostatic heating, the above-mentioned drawbacks and disadvantages being avoided.

Det har konstaterats att formade fOremal am gummi eller liknande dielektriska_ plastiska material kunna upphettas t. ex. vulkaniseras i ett elektrostatiskt falt utan att inneslutas i gjutformar eller pa annat satt underkastas tryck och utan att man darfOr behOver riskera porositet, ytblasor eller andra defekter, vilket astadkommes genom att gummit under upphettnings- t. ex. vulkaniseringsprocessen overtaekes med ett pulverformigt dielektriskt material, sasom t. ex. finfordelad steatit. Fortskridande upphettning och vulkanisering av kontinuerligt framstallda gummiband eller serier av gummiforemal kan med latthet utforas genom att gummimaterialet forflyttas genom det elektrostatiska faltet och inbaddas i finfordelat, dielektriskt material, dd. det intrader i det elektrostatiska faltet. Pd delta satt kan exempelvis ett U-formigt profilband air gummi kontinuerligt och fortskridande vulkaniseras, trots att det icke Or inneslutet pa annat satt An i namnda lager ay finfordelad steatit. It has been found that molded rubber or similar dielectric plastic materials can be heated e.g. vulcanized in an electrostatic field without being enclosed in molds or otherwise subjected to pressure and without the need to risk porosity, surface blisters or other defects, which is achieved by the rubber during heating, e.g. the vulcanization process is covered with a powdered dielectric material, such as e.g. finely divided steatite. Continuous heating and vulcanization of continuously produced rubber bands or series of rubber molds can be easily performed by moving the rubber material through the electrostatic field and embedding it in finely divided, dielectric material, dd. it enters the electrostatic field. In the delta set, for example, a U-shaped profile band air rubber can be continuously and progressively vulcanized, even though it is not otherwise enclosed in the said layer of finely divided steatite.

Vid gjutning ay relativt tjocka foremal av vulkaniserbart material enligt de hittills vanliga metoderna Or det ofta onskvart att gummit eller det eljest fOreliggande vulkaniserbarn materialet likformigt upphettas 1 forvag 2— — till vulkaniseringstemperaturen, innan det inneslutes i gjutformen. Raananen av det vulkaniserbara materialet, vilka aro av noga forutbestamd vikt, kunna enligt foreliggande uppfinning inbaddas i finfordelad steatit och utsattas for ett elektrostatiskt falTtilrdess vulkaniseringstemperaturen uppnatts. Genorn denna atgard har tiden for vulkaniseringsprocessen kunnat nedbringas till en brakdel av den som hittills varit nodvandig vid anvandande av tunga vulkaniseringspressar. When casting in relatively thick molds of vulcanizable material according to the hitherto common methods, it is often undesirable for the rubber or the otherwise present vulcanizing material to be uniformly heated to the vulcanization temperature before it is enclosed in the mold. According to the present invention, the raw materials of the vulcanizable material, which are of a predetermined weight, can be embedded in finely divided steatite and subjected to an electrostatic precipitation until the vulcanization temperature is reached. Due to this action, the time for the vulcanization process has been reduced to a fraction of that which has hitherto been necessary when using heavy vulcanization presses.

De fysikaliska egenskaperna hos det finfordelade dielektriska material, som anvandes enligt uppfinningen, born heist. Tara sadana, att materialet ãr lost lagrat omkring gummiforemalets yta, medan materialets dielektriska upphettningsegenskaper s. mycket som mOjligt bora likna gummits eller dot material, som eljest skall upphettas och Vulkaniseras. Pulvriserad steatit av den typ, som mom gummiindustrien vanligtvis anvandes for bestoftning av gummiforemal, torde befinnas vara fullt tillfredsstallande. Da partiklarna av pulvriserad steatit utsattas for det elektrostatiska faltet, synas de upptaga en statisk laddning och bli mera rorliga och »lattflytande» an vanligtvis ãr fallet. Sjalva steatiten upphettas aven tillsammans med gummit, da den utsattes for det elektrostatiska faltet och bidrager darigenom till att sfikerstalla en likformig vulkanisering av gummit genom att den hindrar varme fran att bortgâ fran gummits yta. Sedan steatiten anvants en gang, kan den i upphettat tillstand lampligen anvandas pa nytt tillsammans med •efterf01- jande gummiforemal for att bidraga till att snabbt upphetta gummit till vulkaniseringstemperaturen. The physical properties of the finely divided dielectric material used according to the invention, born heist. Tare such that the material is loosely stored around the surface of the rubber mold, while the dielectric heating properties of the material are as much as possible similar to the rubber or dot material which is otherwise to be heated and vulcanized. Powdered steatite of the type commonly used in the rubber industry for dusting rubber molds should be found to be fully satisfactory. As the particles of powdered steatite are exposed to the electrostatic field, they appear to take up a static charge and become more mobile and "liquid" than is usually the case. The steatite itself is also heated together with the rubber, as it is exposed to the electrostatic field and thereby contributes to ensuring a uniform vulcanization of the rubber by preventing heat from escaping from the surface of the rubber. Once the steatite has been used once, it can be re-used in the heated state together with • subsequent rubber molds to help to quickly heat the rubber to the vulcanization temperature.

Vid hittills vanliga metoder for vulkanisering av gummi i medelst anga upphettade gjutformar och pressar uppnar gummits yttre med gjutformarna i beroring sthende ytor vulkaniseringstemperaturen snabbare an de inre delarna, sit att gummiforamalen bli relativt ythardade, vilket resulterar i att gaser, som alstras i gummit under vulkaniseringen, lac kunna obehindrat utstromma genom det hardade ytterskiktet utan innestangas och kvarhfillas i gummit, sit att det astadkommes porer, pipor och blasor. Med tillampning ax foreliggande uppfinning uppnar gummits inre delar -vulkaniseringstemperaturen samtidigt som dess ytskikt, max gunamiforemalet joke fir inneslutet, varfor 'eventuella gaser, som kunna alstras i gummit, kunna fritt utdestilleras genom den annu ovulkaniserade ytan. In heretofore common methods of vulcanizing rubber in hot heated molds and presses, the exterior of the rubber with the molds in contacting surfaces achieves the vulcanization temperature faster than the inner parts, so that the rubber formals become relatively surface hardened, resulting in gases generated in the rubber , lac can flow out unhindered through the hardened outer layer without being trapped and retained in the rubber, provided that pores, pipes and blisters are provided. With the application of the present invention, the inner parts of the rubber reach the vulcanization temperature at the same time as its surface layer, max. The gunamy-formal joke is enclosed, so that any gases which can be generated in the rubber can be freely distilled through the still unvulcanized surface.

Ehuru verkningarna av den pulvriserade steatiten eller det eljest anvanda finfordelade fasta dielektriska materialet annu icke aro fullt utredda, antagas dessa material utfora ett flertal olika funktioner vid tillampningen enligt uppfinningen. Det finfordelade materialet astadkommer salunda stod for det ovulkaniserade gummit under de Rasta vulkani seringsstadierna och synes pit samma gang verka som ett skarm- eller spridningsmedium for att jamnt f8rdela det elektrostatiska faltets upphettningsverkan Over de oregelbundna ytor, som utformade gummif8remal ofta uppvisa. Enar gummits och steatitens dielektriska: upphettningsegenskaper aro mycket likartade, behover gummit joke vara noggrant placerat med avseende pa elektroderna utan kan in taga olika lagen i steatitmassan utan att det darigenom astadkommes ojamn upphettning, som eljest skulle vara fallet. Ehuru steatit och gummi av naturen aro dielektriska, kunna de dock i flagon man leda elektriska strommar med hog frekvens, och harvid tjanar steatiten avert till att utjamna dessa strommar och hindra dem lean att koncentreras, vilket skulle resultera i lokal overhettning eller forbranning av gummit. Genom inbaddningen i finfOrdelat material forhindrar man Oxen, en luttoxidering av gummit, di detta antagit hoga temperaturer, enar det finfordelade mamaterialet effektivt utestanger luften Iran beroring riled gummit, da delta under& vulkanisering. En annan funktion hos det pulvriserade dielektriska materialet ar att det bidrager till energibesparing genom att det kvarhaller det varme, som tillforts gummit under en dragnings- eller kalandreringsprocess, sit att delta varme kan nyttiggoras fOr vulkaniseringen. Enligt de hittills tillampade tillverkningsmetoderna har det dragna materialet avkylts innan det infordes i vulkaniseringsapparaten. Enligt fareliggande uppfinning inbaddas ett draget fOremal omedelbart i det upphettade pulvriserade dielektriska materialet, medan gummimaterialet fortfarande fir upphettat frau dragpressen eller kalandern, sa att det i materialet befintliga varmet kvarhalles och effektivt utnyttjas under vulkaniseringen. Although the effects of the pulverized steatite or the otherwise finely divided solid dielectric material have not yet been fully investigated, these materials are believed to perform a number of different functions in the application of the invention. The finely divided material thus provided the unvulcanized rubber during the Rasta vulcanization stages and at the same time appears to act as a shielding or spreading medium to evenly distribute the heating effect of the electrostatic field over the irregular surfaces which rubber molds often exhibit. The dielectric properties of the rubber and the steatite: heating properties are very similar, the rubber joke needs to be carefully placed with respect to the electrodes but can absorb different layers in the steatite mass without thereby achieving uneven heating, which would otherwise be the case. Although steatite and rubber are inherently dielectric, they can lead high frequency electric currents, thereby serving to smooth out these currents and prevent them from concentrating, which would result in local overheating or combustion of the rubber. By embedding in finely divided material, Oxen, a lye oxidation of the rubber, in which it has assumed high temperatures, is prevented, the finely divided material material effectively excludes the air Iran touches riled rubber, then participate during & vulcanization. Another function of the powdered dielectric material is that it contributes to energy savings by retaining the heat supplied to the rubber during a drawing or calendering process, so that participating heat can be utilized for the vulcanization. According to the manufacturing methods applied hitherto, the drawn material has been cooled before being introduced into the vulcanizing apparatus. According to the present invention, a drawn mold is immediately embedded in the heated powdered dielectric material, while the rubber material is still heated from the drawing press or calender, so that the heat contained in the material is retained and efficiently utilized during vulcanization.

Uppfinningen är utan vidare tillamplig pa kontinuerliga tillverkningsmetoder och ph den fort skridande vulkaniseringen av foremal av ett flertal olika former och storlekar, sasom t. ex. dragna gummislangar, profilband, vulster, kalandrerade plattor, band och dylikt. Sattet och apparaten enligt foreliggande uppfinning arc aven utan vidare tillampliga vid fortskridande vulkanisering av en serie av var I Or sig framstallda foremal, sasom I. ex. gjutna a.mnen, skargods, pressgods och dylikt. The invention is readily applicable to continuous manufacturing methods and to the progressive vulcanization of molds of a variety of shapes and sizes, such as e.g. drawn rubber hoses, profile strips, beads, calendered plates, strips and the like. The set and apparatus of the present invention are also readily applicable to the progressive vulcanization of a series of molded articles, such as I. ex. cast a.mnen, skargods, pressgods and the like.

Sattet enligt uppfinningen for behandling av dielektriskt plastiskt material, sasom t. ex. gummi, i ett hogfrekvent elektrostatiskt Tax.- elf alt for vulkanisering av namnda material innefattar den atgarden, Daft materialet i namnda falt vasentligen inbaddas i ett pulverformigt dielektriskt material fOretradesvis i form av finfordelade fasta partiklar. The kit according to the invention for the treatment of dielectric plastic material, such as e.g. rubber, in a high-frequency electrostatic Tax.- elf for vulcanization of said material comprises it atgarden, Daft the material in said field is essentially embedded in a powdered dielectric material, preferably in the form of finely divided solid particles.

Uppfinningen avser Oxen en apparat, som innef attar en anordning f Or astadkommande av ett hOgfrekvent elektrostatiskt voxelfalt, en anordning for ,anbringande av — — en kropp av dielektriskt plastiskt material i nbmnda fait samt en anordning for anbringande av finfordelat fast dielektriskt material kring namnda kropp. Pet ndi framhallas att de principer, som liar angivits, aro generellt tillampliga pa varmebehandlingen och vulkaniseringen air alla typer av gurnmi och andra liknande dielektriska plastiska foreningar, vilka uppvisa tillrdcklig koherens f8re behandlingen, exempelvis ‘saval naturgummiarter som syntetiska gummiarter av olika sammansattning sasom svavelvulkaniserbara syntetiska foreningar av butadiepstyren-sampolymertypen och butadien-akrylonitril-sampolymertypen liksom aven gummiafter, som vulkaniseras med andra medel un svavel, exempelvis neopren, som kan vulkaniseras med metallmdder. Foljaktligen är uppfinningen icke begransad till behandlingen av na.gon speciell typ av vulkaniserbart eller varmehardbart material. The invention relates to an apparatus comprising an apparatus for providing a high frequency electrostatic voxel fold, an apparatus for applying a body of dielectric plastic material in said faucet and an apparatus for applying finely divided solid dielectric material around said body. . It is to be understood that the principles set forth herein are generally applicable to the heat treatment and vulcanization of all types of gourds and other similar dielectric plastic compounds which exhibit sufficient coherence prior to treatment, for example, both natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers of various composition as well as sulfur sulfur. compounds of the butadiene-styrene copolymer type and the butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer type as well as rubber after which are vulcanized by other means of sulfur, for example neoprene, which can be vulcanized by metal means. Accordingly, the invention is not limited to the treatment of any particular type of vulcanizable or heat-curable material.

Uppfinningen shall i det foljande beskrivas under hanvisning till bifogade ritning. Pa dessa bilda fig. in och lb tillsammans en sidoprojektion av en typisk apparat enligt foreliggande uppfinning fOr vulkanisering av kontinuerligt dragna gummislangar, profilband och dylikt eller kalandrerat material i form av plattor. Fig. 2 dr en vertikalsektion ldngs linjen 2-2 pa fig. la. Fig. 3 är en vertikalsektion langs linjen 3-3 pa. fig. la. Fig. 4 dr en horisontalprojektion av en apparat enligt foreliggande uppfinning, vilken anvandes for vulkanisering av smarre gummibriekor eller paekningar samt andra separat framstallda amnen av vulkaniserbart material. Fig. 5 dr en vertikalsektion ldngs linjen 5-5 pa fig. 4. The invention will be described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawing. On these, Figs. 1 and 1b together form a side projection of a typical apparatus according to the present invention for vulcanizing continuously drawn rubber hoses, profile strips and the like or calendered material in the form of plates. Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken along line 2-2 of Fig. 1a. Fig. 3 is a vertical section along line 3-3 pa. Fig. 1a. Fig. 4 is a horizontal projection of an apparatus according to the present invention, which is used for vulcanizing smart rubber briquettes or pointers and other separately produced blanks of vulcanizable material. Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken along line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. la, lb, 2 och 3 pa ritningen askadliggora en utforingsform av foreliggande uppfinning, vilken dr anordnad fOr kontinuerlig vulkanisering av draget eller kalandrerat gummimaterial. Det draab na eller kalandrerade materialet kan vara av godtycklig tvarsektion, sasom t. ex. massiva, runda, fyrkantiga eller manghorniga sektioner, ihaliga slangar, profilband, plana kalandrerade plattor eller band och dylikt. Den askadliggjorda apparaten innefattar ett antal separata delar, vilka i huvudsak utgoras av en materialtillforselanordning, sasom I. ex. en dragpress, kalander eller en materialet frammatande bairn, en elektrostatisk vulkaniseringsapparat, en rengoringsbana for den fdrdiga produkten samt en upplindningsanordning for densamma. Profilslangen eller det eljest forhandenvarande gummimaterialet frammatas frdn dragpressen och stodes ovanfor ett dndlost transportband pa vulkaniseringsapparaten, varefter det overtackes och omgives med ett pulvriserat eller finfordelat dielektriskt material, som har den egenskapen att det är fritt :>flytbart» och är i stand att upphettas likformigt under inverkan av det elektrostatiska faltet. Trans portbandet, som uppbar det inbaddade materialet, dr rorligt mellan Iva parallella elektroder i vulkanisringsapparaten, mellan vilka elektroder en hogfrekvent vaxelspanning anslutits. Efter passagen mellan elektroderna rengores materialet genom att det far passera genom en rengoringsbana, varefter det upplindas pa en upplindningsmekanism bestaende av en pa drivrullar vilande haspeltrumma. Figs. 1a, 1b, 2 and 3 of the drawing illustrate an embodiment of the present invention, which is arranged for continuous vulcanization of the drawn or calendered rubber material. The draab na or calendered material can be of any cross section, such as e.g. solid, round, square or polygonal sections, hollow tubes, profile bands, flat calendered plates or bands and the like. The ash-damaged apparatus comprises a number of separate parts, which mainly consist of a material supply device, such as I. ex. a drawing press, calender or a material-feeding bairn, an electrostatic vulcanizing apparatus, a cleaning web for the finished product and a winding device therefor. The profile hose or otherwise available rubber material is fed from the drawing press and stood above a continuous conveyor belt on the vulcanizing apparatus, after which it is covered and surrounded by a powdered or finely divided dielectric material, which has the property of being free: "flowable" and capable of uniform heating. under the influence of the electrostatic field. The conveyor belt, which carried the embedded material, moves movably between two parallel electrodes in the vulcanizing ring apparatus, between which electrodes a high-frequency alternating voltage is connected. After the passage between the electrodes, the material is cleaned by passing it through a cleaning path, after which it is wound on a winding mechanism consisting of a reel drum resting on drive rollers.

Den speciella materialtillforselanordning, som visas pa ritningen, dr en dragbank 10, som uppvisar en dragskiva 11 for utformning av ett vulkaniserbart material till en kontinuerligt dragen langd. 12, sasom t. ex. det askadliggjorda U-formiga profilbandet. Exempelvis kan ett gummimaterial av foljande sammansattning dragas och vulkaniseras med tilllampning av sattet enligt foreliggande uppf inning: Vikts- Materialdelar Butadien-styren-sampolymer (GR-S) (butadien 7%; styren 25 %)100,o kimrok 70,0 svavel3,0 zinkoxid 5,0 diortotolyl-aminometanamidin merkaptobensotiazol 1,so tunn vit paraffinolja 23,oc vax2,00 Vulkaniseringsapparaten bestar av ett stalstativ for stodjande av en elektrodanordning samt ett dndlost transportband fOr transportering av materialet Indian elektroderna. Stativet innefattar fyra hornpelare 13, 13, foretradesvis av profiljarn och stagade av fyra nedre tvarbalkar 14, 14. Ett overstycke av tra uppbares mellan de fyra hornpelarna. Sex vertikala trastattor 16, 16, vilka stracka sig fran tvarbalkarna 14, stodja en Owe tvarbalk 17 pa sadant satt, att det bildas ett avgransande stangsel. I stallet far tra kunna aven andra dielektriska material komma till anvandning. The special material supply device, shown in the drawing, draws a drawbar 10, which has a draw plate 11 for forming a vulcanizable material to a continuously drawn length. 12, such as e.g. the ash-shaped U-shaped profile band. For example, a rubber material of the following composition can be drawn and vulcanized by application of the kit according to the present invention: Weight Materials Parts Butadiene-styrene copolymer (GR-S) (butadiene 7%; styrene 25%) 100, o carbon black 70.0 sulfur3, 0 zinc oxide 5.0 diortotolyl-aminomethanamidine mercaptobenzothiazole 1, so thin white paraffin oil 23, and wax2.00 The vulcanization apparatus consists of a steel frame for supporting an electrode device and a wireless conveyor belt for transporting the material Indian electrodes. The frame comprises four horn pillars 13, 13, preferably of profile iron and braced by four lower crossbeams 14, 14. A top piece of wood is supported between the four horn pillars. Six vertical wooden beams 16, 16, which extend from the crossbeams 14, support an Owe crossbeam 17 in such a way that a delimiting fence is formed. Instead, other dielectric materials may also be used.

I overstycket 15 dr inbaddad en elektrod 18 av massingsplat, vilken stro.eker sig i huvudsak langs overstyckets hela langd. En tvarbalk 19 av trd, vilken stracker sig langs heta transportbandet, uppbar sex langa porslinsisolatorer 20, 20, vilka bilda en isolerande upphdngning for en andra elektrodplatta 21, som är anbragt ett tiotal cm ,ovanfor den undre elektroden 18 och parallellt med denna. Far att astadkomma ett hogfrekvent elektrostatiskt vaxelf alt mellan elektroderna dr anordnad en lamplig generator for hogfrekvent vaxelstrom, vilken ar betecknad med H.F., varvid generatorns utgaende ledningar aro anslutna till var sin av de hada elektroderna. Embedded in the top piece 15 is an electrode 18 of massaging plate, which radiates substantially along the entire length of the top piece. A wooden crossbeam 19, which extends along the hot conveyor belt, carried six long porcelain insulators 20, 20, which form an insulating suspension for a second electrode plate 21, which is arranged about ten cm, above the lower electrode 18 and parallel thereto. In order to provide a high-frequency electrostatic alternator between the electrodes, a suitable generator for high-frequency alternating current is arranged, which is denoted by H.F., the output wires of the generator being connected to each of the had electrodes.

Pa det ovan beskrivna stativet Or monterat 4- - ett andlost transportband 22 av gummi, tyg, gummerat tyg eller annat dielektriskt material och transportbandet Roper over rullar 23, 24 pa sadant satt, att apparatens overstycke 15 dr belaget inuti transportbandets slinga oh med transportbandets ena part lopande under overstycket eller bordet 15, medan den andra parten lOper ovanfor namnda bord och mellan elektroderna 18, 21, intill den nedre elektroden 18. Vulkaniseringstiden kan for-Andras genom forandring av transportbandets 22 hastighet. En motor 25, som är direktkopplad till en reduktionsvaxellada 26, är medelst en drivkedja 27 kopplad till en variabel utvaxlingsanordning 28. Vid den har speciellt beskrivna apparaten är det mOjligt att forAndra transportbandets hastighet fran 0,6 till 6,1 m/min genom -variering av den variabla utvaxlingsanordningens installning. Med ett transportband, vars slinga fir 6,7 In lang, motsvara de ovan angivna bandhastigheterna ea vulkaniseringstid av c:a 1 till 3 min. Genom forlangning av transporthandets langd skulle man kunna erhalla annu hOgre bandhastigheter och darigenom erna en hogre produktionshastighet. Den variabla utvaxlingsanordningen. driver Over drivkedjorna 29, 30 den axel 31, pa vilken drivrullen 24 fix fastkilad. Mounted on the frame described above 4- - a breathable conveyor belt 22 of rubber, fabric, rubberized fabric or other dielectric material and the conveyor belt Roper over rollers 23, 24 in such a way that the upper part of the apparatus 15 is coated inside the loop of the conveyor belt and with one of the conveyor belts party running under the top piece or table 15, while the other party runs above said table and between the electrodes 18, 21, next to the lower electrode 18. The vulcanization time can be changed by changing the speed of the conveyor belt 22. A motor 25, which is directly connected to a reduction gear load 26, is connected by means of a drive chain 27 to a variable gear device 28. In the apparatus described in particular, it is possible to change the speed of the conveyor belt from 0.6 to 6.1 m / min by - varying the installation of the variable gear device. With a conveyor belt, the loop of which is 6.7 In long, the above belt speeds correspond to a vulcanization time of about 1 to 3 minutes. By requiring the length of the transport hand, it would be possible to obtain even higher belt speeds and thereby a higher production speed. The variable gear device. drives Over the drive chains 29, 30 the shaft 31, on which the drive roller 24 is fixedly wedged.

Fran ett matningstrag 32 nedmatas pulvriserad steatit eller annat finfOrdelat dielektriskt material 33 i ett tunt trapetsoidformigt lager pa transportbandet 22, sh att det finfOrdelade materialet omgiver gummimaterialet och fullstfindigt utfyller det aterstaende me1- lanrummet mellan elektroderna, varvid gummimaterialet foretradesvis stodes ett kort ,stycke ovanfor transportbandet, exempelvis medelst en rulle 90 (fig. 1), sa att gummimaterialet fullstandigt omgives av steatiten, shsom visas tydligare pa fig. 2 och 3. Det är emellertid aven mojligt att placera gummimaterialet direkt pa transportbandet och nedmata steatiten Over detsamma. Efter passagen mellan elektroderna nedfaller det pulvriserade materialet i ett uppsamlingstrag 34 och aterfores till matningstrhget 32 med hjalp av ett transportband 35 eller nagon annan lamp-hg anordning, sasom. t. ex. en skruvtransporMr. From a feed trough 32, powdered steatite or other finely divided dielectric material 33 is fed into a thin trapezoidal layer on the conveyor belt 22, so that the finely divided material completely surrounds the rubber material and completely fills the remaining gap between the electrodes. , for example by means of a roller 90 (Fig. 1), so that the rubber material is completely surrounded by the steatite, which is shown more clearly in Figs. 2 and 3. However, it is also possible to place the rubber material directly on the conveyor belt and feed the steatite over it. After the passage between the electrodes, the powdered material falls into a collecting trough 34 and is returned to the supply trough 32 by means of a conveyor belt 35 or some other lamp-like device, such as. e.g. a screw conveyorMr.

Tva langa pelare 36, 36 av profiljarn, vilka aro Magna ph vulkaniseringsapparatens baksida, och fyra kortare pelare 37, 37, vilka aro belagna pa motsvarande satt, bilda tillsammans med tva lutande stottor 38, 38 ett stodstativ for transportbandet 35 for aterforande av det pulvriserade materialet. literf0- ringsbandet 35 Toper pa rullar 39, 40 och drives av motorn 25 medelst ett omkastande kedjehjuI 41, som i sin tur drives av en drivkedja 29. Drivkedjan 42 forbinder det omkastande kedjehjulet 41 med rullen 39, Over vilken transportbandet 35 loper. Two long pillars 36, 36 of profiled iron, which are the back of the Magna ph vulcanizer, and four shorter pillars 37, 37, which are coated in a corresponding manner, together with two inclined struts 38, 38 form a support frame for the conveyor belt 35 for feeding the powdered the material. The liter conveyor belt 35 tops on rollers 39, 40 and is driven by the motor 25 by means of a reversing sprocket 41, which in turn is driven by a drive chain 29. The drive chain 42 connects the reversing sprocket 41 to the roller 39, over which the conveyor belt 35 runs.

Det pulvriserade materialet kan bibehallas vasentligen vid den hoga temperatur det upp visar, da det uttrader frail elektroderna, genom att hela aterforingstransportoren är innesluten i ett isolerat hus 43 eller genom att ytterligare varme tillfores detsamma medelst en upphettningsspole 41, varvid det upphettande mediet intrader vid 45 och uttrader vid 46. The pulverized material can be substantially maintained at the high temperature it exhibits as it exits the electrodes, by enclosing the entire feed conveyor in an insulated housing 43 or by supplying additional heat thereto by means of a heating coil 41, the heating medium entering at 45 and retires at 46.

Den vulkaniserade gummiprodukten rengores genom att den far passera mellan hors-tar 47, 48, vilka frigora det lost vidhaftande stoftet, som darvid nedfaller i uppsamlingstraget 34. Gummimaterialet passerar darefter Over en styrrulle 49 och under en belastad rulle 50 ned i en vattentank 51, dar det tvattas genom neddoppning. En atdragande och styrande .anordning, som är svangbart monterad pa en tapp 52 under vattenytan, bestar av en vipparm 53 och en styrrulle 54, som är fritt roterbar pa en tapp 55, vilken uppbd.res av vipparmen. Rullens och vipparmens vikt tjana till att hàlla materialet under vattenytan samt till att hindra materialet fran att trassla sig. Tappen. 56 tjanstgor som stod for vipparmen. Da gummimaterialet uttrader ur vattenbadet spolas det rent Iran de sista resterna av lost stoft med hjalp av vattenstralar 57, 58. The vulcanized rubber product is cleaned by passing it between horsets 47, 48, which release the loose adhesive dust, which then falls into the collecting trough 34. The rubber material then passes over a guide roller 49 and under a loaded roller 50 down into a water tank 51. where it is washed by immersion. A tightening and guiding device, which is pivotally mounted on a pin 52 below the water surface, consists of a rocker arm 53 and a guide roller 54, which is freely rotatable on a pin 55, which is supported by the rocker arm. The weight of the roller and rocker arm serve to keep the material below the water surface and to prevent the material from tangling. Tap. 56 services that were responsible for the rocker arm. As the rubber material emerges from the water bath, the last remnants of loose dust are flushed out of Iran with the help of water jets 57, 58.

Gummimaterialet ledes darefter Over en loprulle 59 och under en belastad rulle 60 till ett torkbord. Torkbordet bestar av ett ay profiljarn konstruerat stativ innefattande pelare 60, 61, vilka stagas av tvâ par st8ttor 62, 63 (endast en stotta av vardera paret ãr synlig), sa att det bildas ett stadigt stativ, varvid stOttorna aven tjanstgora som lager Or rullarna 64, 65 samt den belastade rullen 60. The rubber material is then passed over a wool roller 59 and under a loaded roller 60 to a drying table. The drying table consists of a profile constructed of a profile iron comprising pillars 60, 61, which are braced by two pairs of supports 62, 63 (only one support of each pair is visible), so that a stable stand is formed, the supports also serving as bearings or rollers. 64, 65 and the loaded roller 60.

Eft andlOst torkningsband 66 ãr monterat ph det nyss beskrivna stativet och Riper Over rullar 64, 65. Materialet 12 uttrader ur besprutningsanordningen 57, 58 med sh hOg temperatur, att de vattendroppar, som vidhafta detsamma snabbt avdunsta, sh att torkbandet 66 icke behover vara forsett med nagon upphettningsanordning, ehuru &Man givetvis kan forekomma em sh onskas. Torkbandet behover endast Tara tillrackligt langt f Or att avdunstningen skall hinna fullbordas. After the drying belt 66 is mounted on the stand just described and the Riper Over rolls 64, 65. The material 12 emerges from the spraying device 57, 58 at a high temperature, so that the water droplets which adhere to it evaporate quickly, so that the drying belt 66 need not be provided. with any heating device, although & Man can of course occur em sh onskas. The drying belt only needs Tara long enough for the evaporation to be completed.

Torkbandet 66 drives av en motor 67, som driver en variabel utvaxlingsanordning Over vaxelladan 68 och drivkedj an 69. Drivkedjor 70, 72 overfora drivningen fran den variabla utvaxlingsanordiningen till den axel 73, pa vilken rullen 65 am fastkilad. The drying belt 66 is driven by a motor 67, which drives a variable gear device over the gearbox 68 and the drive chain 69. Drive chains 70, 72 transmit the drive from the variable gear device to the shaft 73 on which the roller 65 is wedged.

Efter torkningen kan materialet upplindas pa en upplindningstrumma 74, som vilar ph rullar 75, 76. Upplindningsmekanismen am synkroniser ad med torkningsbandet, enar den drives av den variabla utvaxlingsanordningen 70 Over kedjehjulet 77 och drivkedjan 78. After drying, the material can be wound on a winding drum 74, which rests on rollers 75, 76. The winding mechanism synchronizes with the drying belt, one being driven by the variable gear 70 above the sprocket 77 and the drive chain 78.

Fig. 4 och 5 pa ritningen visa en. modifierad anordning enligt uppfinningen, vilken är avsedd for kontinuerlig vulkanisering av pa — — forhand formade foremal, sasom t. ex. gummipackningar, brickor, utstansade plattor och 'lid denna utforingsform nedmatar traget 80 ett lager med pulvriserat dielektriskt material 81 pa transportbandet och brickorna 82 placeras pa detta lager pa avstand frail varandra. Fran traget 83 overtackas och ornrs b ivas brickorna eller packningarna 82 darefter med det pulvriserade materialet pa sadant salt, att mellanrummet mellan elektroderna fullstandigt utfylles. Vulkaniseringsapparatens mekaniska delar aro for ovrigt desamma som i fOregaende fall. Anordningarna for de fardiga produkternas avskiljande och bortforande aro emellertid olika i det att ett av stanger 84 bestaende galler uppfangar de vulkaniserade foremalen, medan det pulvriserade materialet far nedfalla till uppsamlingstra.get 85 liksom ford. De vulkaniserade foremalen glida nedanfor stangerna och nedfalla pA ett transporthand 86, som frammatar fOremalen till en rengoringsbana ungefar pa samma satt som i foregaende fall. Ett transportband 35 aterfOr det pulvriserade materialet till tragen 80, 83 for att pa nytt anvandas. Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawing show one. modified device according to the invention, which is intended for continuous vulcanization of pre-formed molds, such as e.g. rubber gaskets, washers, punched plates and in this embodiment the hopper 80 feeds a layer of powdered dielectric material 81 onto the conveyor belt and the washers 82 are placed on this bearing spaced apart. The tray 83 is covered and the trays or gaskets 82 are then washed with the powdered material on such a salt that the space between the electrodes is completely filled. The mechanical parts of the vulcanization apparatus are otherwise the same as in the previous case. However, the means for separating and discharging the finished products are different in that a grid consisting of rods 84 picks up the vulcanized foremal, while the pulverized material is allowed to fall to the collecting trough 85 as well as the ford. The vulcanized molds slide below the bars and fall onto a transport hand 86, which advances the mold to a cleaning path in much the same manner as in the previous case. A conveyor belt 35 returns the powdered material to the trays 80, 83 for reuse.

Det framgar saledes att det frammatade gtunmimaterialet ar fullstandigt inbaddat i ett pulverformigt dielektriskt material, vani det har frihet att forskjuta sig At sidorna under inverkan av krympnings- eller deformeringstendenser under vulkaniseringen. Det ar icke fullstandigt oratt att saga, att gummit flyter i det terra pulvret, sa att ojamnt for-delude krympspanningar undvikas under den elektrostatiska upphettningen, vilket dr en ytterligare fordel med foreliggande uppfinning. It thus appears that the fed gtunmi material is completely embedded in a powdered dielectric material, from which it is free to shift at the sides under the influence of shrinkage or deformation tendencies during the vulcanization. It is not entirely wrong to say that the rubber floats in the terra powder, so that unevenly distributed shrinkage stresses are avoided during the electrostatic heating, which is a further advantage of the present invention.

Det pulvriserade dielektriska material, som kan anvandas for alt omgiva det material, som skull upphettas eller vulkaniseras, kan utgoras av talk, steatit, tramjol, pulvriserat glimmer, pulvriserad kiseldioxidgel, leror och andra pulvriserade keramiska material, sa.- som t. ex. pulvriserad kalcinerad lera, fin havssand och dylikt. Det är onskvart att man valjer ett material med dielektriska upphettningsegenskaper, som mycket nara likna upphettningsegenskaperna hos gummit eller det eljest anvanda materialet, som skall upphettas, sa att de hada materialen komma att upphettas med vasentligen samm a hastighet i det elektrostatiska faltet. Det ideala sattet dr att lata det pulvriserade dielektriska materialet upphettas nagot langsammare an gummit, viiket alldeles utmarkt later sig, 0-oras vid anvandande av pulvriserad steadt. De ovriga omnamnda materialen, liksom aven ett stort antal andra material ha emellertid dielektriska upphettningsegenskaper, som likna gummits tillrackligt mycket f8r att vara anvandbarn enligt uppfinningen. Som antydes bora materialets fysikaliska egenskaper och sarskilt dess partikelstorlek och partikelform vara sa beskaffade, att det finfordelade materialet erhaller fri flytbarhet kring gummiforemalen, sa att dessa inpackas i ett tau omslutande holj e. The powdered dielectric material which can be used to surround the material to be heated or vulcanized may be talc, steatite, tramjol, powdered mica, powdered silica gel, clays and other powdered ceramic materials, such as e.g. powdered calcined clay, fine sea sand and the like. It is undesirable to choose a material with dielectric heating properties which are very similar to the heating properties of the rubber or otherwise used material to be heated, so that the materials will be heated at substantially the same rate in the electrostatic field. The ideal way to allow the powdered dielectric material to heat up somewhat more slowly than the rubber, which is quite excellent, is to be zeroed when using a powdered steady state. However, the other materials mentioned, as well as a large number of other materials, have dielectric heating properties, which are similar to rubber sufficiently to be usable according to the invention. As indicated, the physical properties of the material, and in particular its particle size and particle shape, must be of such a nature that the finely divided material obtains free flowability around the rubber form, so that these are wrapped in a rope-enclosing housing.

En godtycklig lamplig generator for h6gfrekventa vaxelstr8mmar kan komma till anvandning och strommens frekvens kan variera mom vida granser, sasom latt inses av en sakkunnig. I allmanhet bor frekvensen emellertid vara hogre an c:a 1 Mc/s och kan uppga anda till 100, 200 eller 300 Mc/s eller annu mera. Spanningarna, stromtillforseln och dylikt kunna aven varieras och regleras pa vanligt salt, varfor anordningarna harf Or icke inga i foreliggande uppfinning. , Foreliggande uppfinning liar mojliggjort en kontinuerlig vulkaniseringsmetod, som forverkligar stora besparingar i fraga um lid, arbete och material. Profilband kunna vulkaniseras och framstallas kontinuerligt utan att behova in.neslutas i gjutbord eller utan att autoklav behover anvandas f Or vulkaniseringsprocessen. Exempelvis vid tillverkningen av packnirtgar, brickor, membran och dylikt, varvid det har varit vanligt att kalandrera en platta av gummimaterial, vilken vulkaniseras, varefter packningarna eller dylikt utstansats ur plattan, är det nu mojligt att utstansa packningar, membran eller dylikt ur den ovulkaniserade plattan och aft vulkanisera de enskilda foremalen medelst apparaten enligt foreliggande uppfinning. Den aterstaende delen av den platta, ur vilken foremalen utstansats, kan aterforas till kalandern och ompressas far utstansning av nya foremal darur. En besparing av 1/,, eller mera av materialet kan pa detta sat astadkommas. An arbitrary lamp generator for high frequency alternating currents can be used and the frequency of the current can vary widely, as will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art. In general, however, the frequency should be higher than about 1 Mc / s and can be up to 100, 200 or 300 Mc / s or more. The voltages, the power supply and the like can also be varied and regulated on ordinary salt, for which reason the devices have none in the present invention. The present invention enables a continuous vulcanization method which realizes great savings in terms of suffering, labor and materials. Profile strips can be vulcanized and produced continuously without the need to be enclosed in casting tables or without the need for autoclaves to be used for the vulcanization process. For example, in the manufacture of packing nits, washers, membranes and the like, where it has been common to calender a plate of rubber material, which is vulcanized, after which the gaskets or the like are punched out of the plate, it is now possible to punch gaskets, membranes or the like out of the unvulcanized plate. and aft vulcanizing the individual formals by the apparatus of the present invention. The remaining part of the plate, from which the foremal is punched out, can be returned to the calendar and reprinted before punching out of new foremals. A saving of 1 / ,, or more of the material can be achieved in this way.

AldringsbesLandigheten hos vulkaniserat material, som hardats enligt foreliggande uppfinning, forbattras genom att tva vanliga fel hos de hittills brukliga vulkaniseringsmetoderna elhninerats. Den ythardning, som vanligtvim upptrader vid omvulkanisering, elimineras genom den inifran och utak fOrlopande upphettningen i det hogfrekventa faltet. Den ytoxidering, som astadkommes pa det vulkaniserbara materialet, da detta hardas i luft, elimineras likaledes, enar det pulvriserade dielektriska material, som anvandes enligt uppfinningen, effektivt utesluter lufttilltrade till det vulkaniserbara materialets ytor, da materialet antagit hoga temperaturer. kven hall-f asthetsegenskaperna och ytbeskaffenheten hos gummiraaterialet sYnas bli paverkade i gynnsam riktning. The aging resistance of vulcanized material cured according to the present invention is improved by eliminating two common defects of the hitherto common vulcanization methods. The surface hardening that usually occurs during re-vulcanization is eliminated by the internal and external heating in the high-frequency field. The surface oxidation which is effected on the vulcanizable material as it hardens in air is likewise eliminated, since the powdered dielectric material used according to the invention effectively excludes air entrained to the surfaces of the vulcanizable material, since the material has assumed high temperatures. the hall strength properties and surface condition of the rubber material appear to be affected in a favorable direction.

Patentansprak: 1. Salt vid behandling av dielektriskt plastiskt material, sasom t. ex. gummi, i ett hogfrekvent elektrostatiskt fall, exempelvis for vulkanisering av desamma, kannetecknat darav, att materialet i faltet till vasentlig del inneslutes i ett pulverformigt, dielektriskt Ina- Patent claims: 1. Salt in the treatment of dielectric plastic material, such as e.g. rubber, in a high-frequency electrostatic case, for example for vulcanizing the same, may be characterized in that the material in the field is substantially enclosed in a powdery, dielectric Ina-

Claims

6— 1254i1 - terial, preferably in the form of finely divided solid particles.

A salt according to claim 1, characterized in that a body sh formed of the dielectric plastic material is placed between electrodes fed with high-frequency alternating current, that the body embedded in the powdered material is not subjected to any other essential pressure than those which is exerted by the weight of the powdered material.

2. A kit according to claim 2, characterized in that the powdered dielectric material is caused to substantially fill the space between the electrodes which is not filled by the plastic material being treated.

3. A set according to claim 2, characterized in that the body consisting of the dielectric plastic material is moved between the electrodes so that finely divided solid dielectric material is continuously supplied around the body in such a way that it is mainly thanked by the finely divided material during its movement between the electrodes. , whereby the electrostatic field acquires such properties that it causes vulcanization of the body during its movement between. the electrodes.

4. A claim according to claim 4, characterized in that the finely divided dielectric material, after being moved through the field together with the body, is collected so that it is re-transported to the point where it is connected to the body.

5. According to one or more of the patent claims 1-5, characterized in that the powdered dielectric material is in the dry state.

6. set according to claim 5, characterized in that the powdered material is heated before it is used again.

7. A kit according to claim 1, characterized in that a cohesive belt is formed from unvulcanized but vulcanizable material, which is fed to a conveyor belt, that the high-frequency electrostatic gear field is generated in a zone traversed by the conveyor belt, this field being imparted to Adana properties, that it causes a vulcanization of the belt, so that the belt, when fed, is overtaken by the finely divided solid dielectric material -Whores to the conveyor belt, that it surrounds the vulcanizable belt.

8. A kit according to claim 8, characterized in that the conveyor belt is caused to move along the lower part of the electrodes and that the strip of vulcanizable material is advanced over and at some distance from the conveyor belt, and that the finely divided dielectric material is caused to form the strip and fill the remaining the space between the electrodes to the essential part.

9. According to any one or more of claims 1-7, characterized in that a body of thermosetting dielectric plastic material with an irregular profile is applied between two electrodes and that the powdered dielectric material is caused to fill the profile.

Apparatus for carrying out the kit according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized by a device (18, 21) for generating a high-frequency electrostatic gear field, a device (22) for applying a body (12) of dielectric plastic material in the gear fold saint a device (32) for supplying a finely divided solid dielectric material (33) around the body (12).

Apparatus according to patent claim 11, characterized by a conveyor belt or the like for transporting the body (12) through the field and a device for constant supply of finely divided solid dielectric material to the body, when it is fed by the conveyor belt etc.

Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized by a device (34) for collecting the comminuted material, after it has passed the field, and a device (35) for returning the comminuted material to the device (32), as intended to constantly line the same around the plastic material.

Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized by a device (43, 44) for maintaining the comminuted material at a. high temperature, until re-used.

Apparatus according to claims 11 and 14, characterized in that a pair of vertically spaced apart electrodes (18, 21) with extended electrode surfaces are arranged to establish the high-frequency electrostatic gear field and that the conveyor belt (22) is arranged to move parallel to the electrode surfaces and adjacent to the lower electrode (18).

Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized by a device (10, 11, 90) for feeding said body (12) in the form of a belt Over and at some distance from the conveyor belt (22).

Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that in order to treat individual objects of dielectric plastic material there is provided a device (80) for supplying a layer (81) of finely divided dielectric material ph the empty conveyor belt (22) and a another device (83) for supplying further such material (81) ph the dielectric plastic material (82), which Or is placed on the layer (81). Stockhohn 19Kungl. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & Boer 490089 GENERAL STABENS LIT (