SE124309C1

SE124309C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE124309C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1949-01-01

Description

KLASS 47 f:22/ BEVIDAT DEN 13 JANUAR! 1949 PATENTTID FRAN DEN 14 MARS 1944 PUBLICERAT DEN 15 MARS 1949' Iiiirtill en ritning. CLASS 47 f: 22 / CONFIDENCE JANUARY 13! 1949 PATENT PERIOD FROM MARCH 14, 1944 PUBLISHED MARCH 15, 1949 'Iiiirtill a drawing.

PATENT N BESKRIVNING OFFENTLIGGJORD AV KUNGL. PATENT- OCR REGISTRERINGSVERKET Ans. den 7, 1944, nr 2107/1944. PATENT N DESCRIPTION PUBLISHED BY KUNGL. PATENT- OCR REGISTRATION AGENCY Ans. on 7, 1944, No. 2107/1944.

N. J. F. WINQWIST, STOCKHOLM. N. J. F. WINQWIST, STOCKHOLM.

Tlitningsanordning vid av glashart material utforda munstycken. Tilting device in case of nozzles made of glass-hard material.

FOreliggande uppfinning, som avser en anordning vid av glashart material utforda munstycken, är sdrskilt avsedd att tillampas, cla man onskar utfora en inycket slur tryekreducering, uppgaende I. ex. till minst 50 kgf/cm2, sasom exenapelvis fran 300 a 400 kgf/cm2 till atmosfarstryck. Sadana stora trycksankningar erfordras ofta vid tryckupphettningsprocesser och kunna utforas medelst ett i den fran tryckupphettningsrummet ledande avloppsledningen insatt finkalibrigt munstycke med en genomstrOmningsoppning av of oranderligt tvarsnitt, som endast uppgar till en ringa brakdel av genomstr5mningstvarsnittet av namnda under hogt tryck staende ledning. The present invention, which relates to a device for challenging nozzles of glass-hard material, is particularly intended to be applied, if one wishes to carry out a somewhat sluggish pressure reduction, concerning I. ex. to at least 50 kgf / cm2, such as, for example, from 300 to 400 kgf / cm2 to atmospheric pressure. Such large pressure drops are often required in pressure heating processes and can be performed by means of a fine-caliber nozzle inserted in the drain line leading from the pressure heating chamber with a flow opening of immovable cross-section, which only amounts to a small fraction of the flow-through diameter cross-section.

Som exempel pa glasharda material for framstallning av munstycket ma hdr namn.as diamant, karborundum och karbider av hardmetallerna t. ex. volframkarbid. Examples of glass-hard materials for the production of the nozzle include diamonds, carborundum and carbides of the hard metals, e.g. tungsten carbide.

Dessa munstycken aro myeket slitstarka och praktiskt taget de enda, som kunna anvandas, om trycket skall reduceras med flera hundra atmosfarer och i synnerhet om fasta partiklar samtidigt maste passera ha-let i munstycket. Det har namligen visat sig, att medan metall- och stalmunstycken forslitas mycket snabbt, ofta pa kortare tid an en timma, utharda av glashiirt material utforda munstycken sfidana pakanningar i mitnader och itr, utan att munstycksoppningen vidgas. Den enda olagenheten med de glasharda munstyckena fir den, att det vallar stora svarigheter att astadkomrna en fullt tillforlitlig tatning mellan munstyekskroppen och avloppsledningens vagg, vilket i forsta hand beror pa att det glasharda materialet icke titi att utsattas for nagra storre mekaniska pakanningar. Foreliggande uppfinning avser att overvinna dessa svarigheter. These nozzles are very durable and practically the only ones that can be used if the pressure is to be reduced by several hundred atmospheres and in particular if solid particles have to pass through the hole in the nozzle at the same time. Namely, it has been found that while metal and steel nozzles wear out very quickly, often in less than an hour, hardened glass materials challenge nozzles such as pans in molds and iters, without widening the nozzle opening. The only problem with the glass-hard nozzles is that it is very difficult to achieve a completely reliable seal between the nozzle body and the cradle of the drain, which is primarily due to the fact that the glass-hard material does not tend to be subjected to any major mechanical packing. The present invention seeks to overcome these responsibilities.

Uppfinningen kannetecknas i huvudsak darav, att kring munstyckskroppen fir pa- krympt en av ett vid ifragakommande ternperaturer varmebestandigt och .gastatt ma- terial med stone varmeutvidgningskoefficient an stal utford ring och pa denna en av stal utf5rd, pa tryckreduceringssidan ldmpligen med en flans forsedd ring, som ar av- sedd att pa kant satt gastatt anbringas i avloppsledningen. The invention is mainly characterized in that around the nozzle body for shrinking one of a heat-resistant and gas-treated material with a coefficient of thermal expansion at steel temperatures is steel challenge and on this one made of steel, on the pressure reduction side, preferably with a flange ring. which is intended to be placed on the edge of the gas line in the sewer line.

Ytterligare kannemarken pa uppfinningen komma att beskrivas i samband med nedanstaende detaljbeskrivning. Additional features of the invention will be described in connection with the following detailed description.

A bifogade ritning askadliggores en som exempel vald utfOringsform av en enligt uppfinningen utfiird tatningsanordning jamte munstycke, vilken är insatt i en avloppsledning fran ett tryckupphettningskarl. In the accompanying drawing, an exemplary embodiment of a sealing device or nozzle according to the invention is damaged, which is inserted into a drain line from a pressure heating vessel.

A figuren beteckna 3 och 4 ledningar for ett fluidum med h5gre resp. lagre tryck och 6 ett munstycke. Delta or utfort av glashart material, t.en karbid av nagon hardme- tall. Ledningarna 3 och 4 aro utforda av som bOr vara bade varmebestandigt och rustfritt vid ifragakommande temperatur. In the figure, 3 and 4 denote lines for a fluid with higher resp. lower pressure and 6 a nozzle. Delta or made of glass-hard material, i.e. a carbide of some carbide. Wires 3 and 4 are challenging, which should be both heat-resistant and stainless at the appropriate temperature.

Tiring munstycket dr enligt uppfinningen pakrympt en ring 20 och pa denna en annan ring 21. Denna fir lampligen forsedd med en inatriktad flans 22, avsedd att upptaga det pa munstycket 6 verkande trycket, som i figuren markeras med en pil. Den yttre ring-en ar utfiird av stal, som Mir vara korrosionsoch varmebestandigt vid de temperaturer, som rada i avloppsledningen, d. v. s. 400° till 500° C eller mar. Viii dessa hoga temperaturer spelar varmeutvidgningen en stor roll. Vanliga rostfria slid, d. v. s. relativt laglegerade stab ha en varmeutvidgningskoefficient, som uppgar till ungefar 11 X -6. De vid hoga temperaturer motstandskraftiga stalen, som aro jamforelsevis hoglegerade, ha en varmeutvidgningskoefficient, som kan uppga till 18 it 19 X —°. De glasharda materialen utvidga sig daremot relativt obetydligt vid upphettning. Salunda kan namnas, att karborundum och diamant har en varmeutvidgningskoefficient, som blott beloper sig till 6,5 resp. 1,2 XStalet utvidgar sig som synes av- sevart mera an det glasharda materialet. Till faljd harav uppstar risk few att innerringen icke kommer att bilda en fullt effektiv tatning vid hogre temperaturer, savida den icke itr utford av lampligt material. FOr den skull skall man enligt uppfinningen for innerringen valj a ett material, som her en hogre varmeutvidgningskoefficient an stalet i den om- 2— — givande stalringen, och lampligen ett sadant, att olikheten i varmeutvidgning mellan sta.- let och det glasharda materialet helt utj amnas. Foretradesvis valjer man en metall eller metallegering. Sasom exempel pa metaller med stora utvidgningskoefficienter kan namnas koppar, My, magnesium, silver, tenn, zink, aluminium, kadmium, mangan, nickel och selen. Vilken metall eller metallegering, som bor valjas, beror i forsta hand pa hur stor det valda IstAlets utvidgningskoefficient är, forutsatt, att man underforstar, att metallen icke far smillta vid de upphettningstemperaturer, som kunna komma i fraga. Av sistnamnda anledning kunna lily och kadmium sallan anvandas och ternn och zink endast i undantagsf all. Materialet i innerringen bor lampligen aven vara jamforelsevis mjukt, vilket bidrager till att forbattra tatningsresultatet. Bland de rena metallerna torde darfor silver, aluminium och koppar ge de basta resultaten vid de vanligen anvanda upphettningstemperaturerna. The tiring nozzle according to the invention encloses a ring 20 and on it another ring 21. This is suitably provided with a pointing flange 22, intended to absorb the pressure acting on the nozzle 6, which in the figure is marked with an arrow. The outer ring is made of steel, which must be corrosion and heat resistant at the temperatures which line the drain line, i.e. 400 ° to 500 ° C or more. Due to these high temperatures, thermal expansion plays a major role. Ordinary stainless steel slides, i.e. relatively legally alloyed rods, have a coefficient of thermal expansion, which amounts to approximately 11 X -6. The steels resistant to high temperatures, which are comparatively high-alloyed, have a coefficient of thermal expansion which can reach 18 to 19 X - °. The glass-hard materials, on the other hand, expand relatively insignificantly when heated. Salunda can be mentioned that carborundum and diamond have a coefficient of thermal expansion, which only amounts to 6.5 resp. 1.2 The XS number expands, which seems to be considerably more than the glass-hard material. As a result, there is a risk that the inner ring will not form a fully effective seal at higher temperatures, unless it is challenged by suitable material. For this purpose, according to the invention, a material should be chosen for the inner ring, which here has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the steel in the surrounding steel ring, and suitably such that the difference in thermal expansion between the steel and the glass-hard material is completely utj amnas. Preferably one chooses a metal or metal alloy. Examples of metals with large coefficients of expansion include copper, My, magnesium, silver, tin, zinc, aluminum, cadmium, manganese, nickel and selenium. Which metal or metal alloy should be chosen depends in the first place on the coefficient of expansion of the selected steel, provided that it is understood that the metal must not melt at the heating temperatures which may be involved. For the latter reason, lily and cadmium sallan can be used and tern and zinc only in exceptional cases. The material in the inner ring should suitably also be comparatively soft, which contributes to improving the sealing result. Among the pure metals, therefore, silver, aluminum and copper should give the best results at the commonly used heating temperatures.

Slutligen maste materialet vara resistent kemiskt hanseende under de yid upphettningen radande forhallandena. Om salunda t. ex. alkalier finnes narvarande, kunna aluminium och bly icke komma i fraga. Finally, the material must be chemically resistant during the yid heating conditions. If salunda e.g. alkalis are present, aluminum and lead cannot be questioned.

Mellan flansen 22 och munstyckskroppen 6 bor lampligen forefinnas en tatning. Denna, som kan framstallas av samma material som innerringen 20, kan lampligen utgoras av en Iran denna utskjutande flans 23, men kan aven Tara skild Iran clensamma. Between the flange 22 and the nozzle body 6 there should suitably be a seal. This, which can be made of the same material as the inner ring 20, can suitably be made of an Iran this projecting flange 23, but can also Tara different Iran clensamma.

Nar munstycksanordningen enligt uppf inningen skall insattas i avloppsledningen, fastkla mmes ytterringen 21 i avloppsledningen, t. ex. phdet salt, som antydes pa figuren, dar de streckade linjerna markera skruvar eller bultar. Astadkommandet av tatning mellan ringen 21 och roret 3 eller 4 vallar icke nagra svarigheter. Den kan ske pa kant satt, t. ex. medelst metallbrickor 24, och hard atdragning av de antydda skruvarna eller bultarna. Vid fastspanningen av munstycksanordningen maste dock iakttagas, att htdragningstrycket icke verkar pa sjalva munstyckskroppen. Samma galler, om roren 3 och 4 inskruvas i varandra. Vidare boa-, sasom antydes a figuren, ytterringen 21 ha mojlighet att utvidga sig fritt i radiell led, d. v. s. sa att den vid upphettning icke utovar nagot tryck pa munstyckskroppen. When the nozzle device according to the invention is to be inserted in the drain line, the outer ring 21 in the drain line is clamped, e.g. the salt, as indicated in the figure, where the dashed lines mark screws or bolts. The achievement of sealing between ring 21 and rudder 3 or 4 does not create any responsibilities. It can be done on the edge set, e.g. by means of metal washers 24, and hard tightening of the indicated screws or bolts. When clamping the nozzle device, however, it must be observed that the tightening pressure does not act on the nozzle body itself. The same grille, if the rudders 3 and 4 are screwed into each other. Furthermore, as indicated in the figure, the outer ring 21 has the possibility of expanding freely in the radial direction, i.e. so that when heated it does not exert any pressure on the nozzle body.

Uppfinningen am icke begransad till den visade utforingsformen utan denna kan varie ras inoin uppfinningens ram. Den visade utforingsformen ãr narmast avsedd for en cylindrisk munstyckskropp. Om derma emellertid her annan form, Mir ringarnas form avpassas darefter. Om munstyckskroppen sàlunda har formen av en upp och nedat vand stympad kon, bona ringarna 20 och 21 forses med koniska anliggningsytor. I detta fall ernas den fOrdelen, att man kan undvara flansen 22. The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown, but this can be varied within the scope of the invention. The embodiment shown is most closely intended for a cylindrical nozzle body. However, if this is another form, the shape of the mir rings will be adapted accordingly. Thus, if the nozzle body has the shape of an up and down water truncated cone, the housing rings 20 and 21 are provided with conical abutment surfaces. In this case, the advantage is that one can dispense with the flange 22.

Slutligen ma som exempel pa de industriomraden, mom vilka uppfinningen kan tankas kunna anvandas, att munstycket enligt uppfinningen kan anvandas vid tryckreduktion, t. ex. till atmosfarstryck, av vid cellulosafabrikation erhallna avfallslutar, som i och for framstallning av alkoholer och ketoner upphettats till hoga tryck och temperaturer, I. ex. en temperatur av onakring 350° C och ett tryck av 300-400 ,atmosfarer. Finally, as an example of the industrial areas in which the invention may be considered, it may be possible to use that the nozzle according to the invention can be used in pressure reduction, e.g. to atmospheric pressure, of waste liquids obtained in the manufacture of cellulose, which have been heated to high pressures and temperatures for the production of alcohols and ketones, I. ex. a temperature of about 350 ° C and a pressure of 300-400, atmospheres.

Claims

Patent claim:

Sealing device for nozzles made of glass-hard material, in particular those which are intended to be used in carrying out pressure reduction in continuous pressure heating processes, characterized in that around the nozzle body is parynapt one of a heat-resistant and gas-resistant material at high temperatures. (20) and on this one of steel challenges, phi pressure reducing side suitably provided with a flange (22) ring (21), which Or intended to be fastened on the edge of salt gas in a drain line.

Sealing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the material in the inner ring (20) is formed of a metal which completely evens out the difference in thermal expansion which exists in the radial steel and the glass-hard material.

Sealing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a gasket is inserted between the nozzle body (6) and the flange (22), preferably of the same material as the inner ring (20), and suitably consisting of a flange (23) projecting therefrom .

Sealing device according to patent claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the nozzle body has the shape of an up and down water, truncated cone, and that the rings are provided with conical abutment surfaces. Stockholm 1949. Kuagi. Mitt .. P. A. Norstedt & Stiner 490089