SE123732C1

SE123732C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE123732C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1948-01-01

Description

KLASS 47 a:16/01 BESKRIVNING OFFENTLIGGJORD AV KUNGL. PATENT- OCH REGISTRERINGSVERKET BEVIDAT DEN 4 NOVEMBER 1948 PATENTTID FRAN DEN 8 APRIL 1946 PUB LI C E R AT DEN 4 3ANUARI 1949' Ans. den V4 1946, nr 3244/1946.Heirtill en ritning. CLASS 47 a: 16/01 DESCRIPTION PUBLISHED BY KUNGL. PATENT AND REGISTRATION DEVICE PROVIDED ON 4 NOVEMBER 1948 PATENT PERIOD FROM 8 APRIL 1946 PUB LI C E R AT 4 3 JANUARY 1949 'Ans. on V4 1946, no. 3244/1946. Here is a drawing.

AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT BROWN, BOVERI & CIE, BADEN, SCHWEIZ. AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT BROWN, BOVERI & CIE, BADEN, SWITZERLAND.

Fjadersystem i synnerhet for regulatorer. Spring system especially for regulators.

Eppfinuare: K. A. Meldahl. Appearance: K. A. Meldahl.

Prioritet board frcin den 16 mars 1946 (Schweiz). Priority board frcin March 16, 1946 (Switzerland).

Det ar kant, att harda fjadrar ha en stor fjaderkonstant .eller brant karakteristik, under det tt daremot mjuka fjadrar ha en ii-ten fjaderkonstant eller flack karakteristik. For gamma kraft, som skall upptagas, utföras de harda fjadrarna korta och de mjulia langa. For bestamda mat- eller regleringsroraiser erfordras mom tekniken korta fOrstallningsvagar. Fjadrarnas hardhet motverkar em.ellertid mi5jligheten att realisera finkansliga regulatorer och rnatdon, ty harda fjadrar aro for okansliga fOr dylika funktioner. Pet skulle darfOr vara .av stor fordel, om man lyekades Oka kansligheten hos dylika fjadrar. It is true that hard springs have a large spring constant or steep characteristic, whereas soft springs have a second spring constant or flat characteristic. For gamma force to be absorbed, the hard springs are made short and the mjulia long. For certain food or regulation raisers, short performance scales are required under the technology. The hardness of the springs, however, counteracts the possibility of realizing finely tuned regulators and actuators, for hard springs are too insensitive for such functions. Pet would therefore be of great advantage if one were to increase the probability of such feathers.

Del ar kant att uppna detta darigenom, att en °stabil mekanism, exempelvis en havstangsanordning sa farbindes med fjadern, att den alit for stora positiva fjaderkonstanten hos en fjad.er genom denna ostabilitet delvis upphaves. En nackdel ar darvid, att myeket stora krafter inverka pa haystangsmekanismens leder, varigenom stor friktion och armed ater okanslighet i hela anordningen fororsakas. It is possible to achieve this in that a stable mechanism, for example a sea rod device, is so connected to the spring that the excessively large positive spring constant of a spring is partly due to this instability. A disadvantage here is that very large forces act on the joints of the haystack mechanism, thereby causing great friction and armed recoil in the whole device.

For att undvika dessa nackdeiar haul& sig uppfinningen till ett fjadersystem, vid vilket en gilder med negativ fjaclerkonstant ar forenad med en fja..der med positiv fja.derkonstant pa sadant salt, att hela systemets derkonstant Or liten mom ett givet installningsomrade i jamforelse med .de enskilda fjadrarnas fjaderkonstanter. Darvid kunna fjadrarna med motsatt fjaderkonstant vara antingen fast eller installbart forbundna med varandra. Fjadern med negativ fjaderkonstant kan exempelvis vara utbildad sasom ett system av stralformigt anordnade bladfjadrar, i vars gemensamma mitt forbindningsdelen till fjadern med positiv fjaderkonstant griper in och vars yttre andar med radiellt mat riktad forspanning Oro .sa inspanda, att bla.dfjadersystemet .stravar att knacka ut i vardera andlaget. In order to avoid these drawbacks, the invention relates to a spring system in which a negative spring constant constant is combined with a spring constant with a positive spring constant on such a salt that the whole constant of the system is small given a given installation area in comparison with. the spring constants of the individual springs. In this case, the springs with the opposite spring constant can be either fixedly or installably connected to each other. The spring with a negative spring constant can, for example, be formed as a system of radially arranged leaf springs, in whose common middle the connecting part to the spring with a positive spring constant engages and whose outer spirits with radially food-directed prestress. out in each andlag.

Pa bifogade ritning visas uppfinningsfore- malet och dess verkningssatt. Fig. 1 visar exempelvis en regleringsanordning, med vilken 1 for andring av karakteristiken hos reglerings1 fjadern, som i detta fall bestar av ett maim-bran a och en fjader f med positiv fjader- konstant, Or kombinerad .en fjader c med ne- gativ fjaderkonstunt. Iladrarna med moisatta fjaderkonstanter aro fast forbundna med var- andra medelst ett stangsystem d. Fjadern a Or enligt fig. 2 utbildad som ett system av stralformigt utgaende bladfjadrar, i vars gemensamma mittpunkt fOrbindningsdelen d griper in mot fjadern med positiv fjaderkonstant + ft, och vars Inn andar aro sa inspanda kitpan med radiellt riktad forspanning, alt bladfjadersystemet i de bagge andlagena stravar att knackas ut. The accompanying drawing shows the inventive formula and its mode of action. Fig. 1 shows, for example, a control device with which 1 for changing the characteristics of the control spring, which in this case consists of a maimbran a and a spring f with a positive spring constant, Or combined with a spring c with a negative spring art. The loaders with moisatta spring constants are fixedly connected to each other by means of a rod system d. In spirits aro so tighten the kitpan with radially directed bias, all the leaf spring system in the ram spirits strives to knock out.

Bladfjadersystem tiro kanda i tekniken sasom fjaderkors, men dessa ha hittills tjanat .andra andamal. Dylika fjaderkors ha hittills uteslutande anvants for parallellstyrning ay reglerstangsystem. FOr att de skola vara anvandbara harfor och Oven for storre rorelser has stangsystemet, 'haste de vara forsedda med p0 forhand hojda eller vagformade fjaderarmar, som aro tinrackligt veka ()eh Oven tunna. Gentemot dessa Or det enIigt uppfinningen anyanda bladfjadersystemet alit efter fjaderns med positiv fjaderkonstant hardhet forsett med relativt tjocka bladfjaderarmar. Dessa aro vid sine fria andar med radiellt riktad forspanning sa inspanda, att de strava att knackas ut i vardera andlaget. De ha salunda i medellaget en labil fjaderkarakteristik och komma att kna.ekas at i vardera andlaget, am man shipper loss dem ur detta medellage. Leaf spring systems are known in technology as spring crosses, but these have so far served other purposes. Such spring crosses have hitherto been used exclusively for parallel control of control rod systems. In order for them to be usable, and even for larger movements, the rod system has to be provided with pre-raised or wavy spring arms, which are thinly folded () and evenly thin. In contrast to the present invention any other leaf spring system alit after the spring with positive spring constant hardness provided with relatively thick leaf spring arms. These are by their free spirits with radially directed bias so tense that they strive to be knocked out in each breath. They thus have an unstable spring characteristic in the middle layer and will be kneaded in each layer, if you ship them out of this middle layer.

Fig. 3 visar karakteristiken av ett sadant fjaderkors; kurvan 1 anger for vane punkt av vagen av fjaderkorsets centrum den pa fjaderkorset inverkande yttre kraften. Om ett fjaderkors i ett av de bade andlagena befinner sig i stabil jamvikt, maste forst ett brunt tilltagande tryck utovas pa detsamma, tills det knackes ut, exempelvis vid 2. Efter knackningspunkten avtager den yttre kraften, tills den blir no!!, nar fjaderkorset befinner sig i mellanlaget 3. Darefter vaxer kraften i motsatt riktning anda till den andra knacknings- 2— — punkten 4 och avtager slutligen hastigt, tills fjaderkorset befinner sig i det andra labila andlaget. En noggrann undersokning visor, att karakteristiken av ett siidant fjaderkors är en rak linje mellan knackningspunkterna 2 och 4 och att det liar en negativ ljaderkonslant inom ett yisst omrade. Fig. 3 shows the characteristics of such a spring cross; curve 1 indicates for the usual point of the path of the center of the spring cross the external force acting on the spring cross. If a spring cross in one of the two spirits is in stable equilibrium, a brown increasing pressure must first be exerted on it until it is knocked out, for example at 2. After the point of knocking, the external force decreases, until it reaches zero !!, when the spring cross is in the intermediate layer 3. Then the force grows in the opposite direction of the spirit to the second knocking point 2— - point 4 and finally decreases rapidly, until the spring cross is in the second labile spirit. A careful examination shows that the characteristic of a solid spring cross is a straight line between the knocking points 2 and 4 and that there is a negative ladder constant within a wide area.

Om man nu enligt uppfinningen stelt for-binder ett sAdant fjaderkors, Med en inom ett omrade negativ fjaderkonstant, med en fjader eller membran med positiv fjaderkonslant, liar man friheten att utveckla ett fjadersystem, vars resulterande fjaderkonstaat kan anpassas efter malign olika krav. &dunda kan exempelvis den positiva fjaderkonstanten av den i fig. 1 visade membranen a plus fjadern f genom kop-pling med elt fjaderkors c av den liar beskriyna typen med negativ fjaderkonstant forandras pa sadant salt, nit den resulterande fjadertionstanten av det totala systemet a + c + f Or Men inoni ett givet installningsomrdde i jamforelse med de enskilda fjadrarnas fjaderkonstanter. If one now according to the invention rigidly connects such a spring cross. & d. + f Or Men inoni a given installation area in comparison with the spring constants of the individual springs.

For att lata bladijadersystentet knackas ut frau det labila medellaget till andlagena erfordras en radiellt riktad forspanning i dess bladfjaderarmar. Dentin kan erhallas darigonom, alt bladfjaderarmarna med radiellt riktad forspanning inspannes vid sina fria Ondar, sfisom fig. 1 och 2 visa. Man kan emellertid Oven ledbart stOdja (Tessa bladfjaderarmar vid deras fria dndar med radiell for-spanning. Man skulle naturliglyis Oven kunna tanka sig i en utforingsform, yid vilken bladfjaderarmarna ledbart stOdjas vid bladfjadersystemets mittparti, frail vilket de utga, under det att de i exenmlet eidigt fig. 1 och 2 Oro fOrbundna med detta mittparti. Utforingsformen utan anyandning av leder indste darfOr givas foretrade, emedan varje slag av friktion i systemet bortfaller. In order to allow the leaf jade system to be knocked out from the labile middle layer to the spirit layers, a radially directed prestress is required in its leaf spring arms. Dentin can be obtained darigonom, all the leaf spring arms with radially directed prestress are clamped at their free Ondar, as Figs. 1 and 2 show. One can, however, Oven articulated support (Tessa leaf spring arms at their free ends with radial prestress. One could of course Oven refuel in an embodiment in which the leaf spring arms are articulated at the middle part of the leaf spring system, from which they issue, while in the example Figs. 1 and 2 Concerns associated with this central portion The embodiment without any use of joints can be given preferred, since any kind of friction in the system is eliminated.

Bladfjaderarmarna uthildas foretradesvis raka i spanningsfritt tillstand, dock kunna do aven vara valvda for sarskilda andamal. Om eft fjaderkors bar .ett udda antal armar del maste yam atminstone Ire sitdana — maste dessa samtliga knackas ut at samma medan yid ett fjaderkors med ett punt antal armar varannan av dessa kan knEiekas ut at ett hall och varannan at det motsatta hallet, sã att kring medelpunkten alltid en at det ena flatlet utknackt arm foljer efter en at det andra hfillet utknackt arm. Till denna omstandighet maste hansyn tagas vid eventueil pa forhand utford utbojning av armarna. The leaf spring arms are preferably straightened in a tension-free state, however, they may also be arched for special purposes. If, after a spring cross, an odd number of arms were carried, yam at least Ire sitdana - these must all be knocked out at the same while yid a spring cross with a punt number of arms each of these can be knEiekas out at one hall and every other at the opposite hall, so that around the midpoint always one that one flat unfolded arm follows after one that the other half unfolded arm. For this circumstance, consideration must be given to any pre-flexion of the arms.

En regulator utford enligt uppfinningen upphaver exempelvis praktiskt taget membra- nets och regleringsfjfiderns icke onskvarda hardhet. En dylik membrantryckregulator Or i och for sig, sarskilt for hOga tryck, i adman- het tamligen okanslig, tv for det fOrsta Or det tryckhallfasta membranet ganska styvt och for det andra anvandes vanligen en mycket hard fjader, for Mt den iinskade regleringen av trycket shall uppnas med en ej alit for stor fjader och en mattlig regleringsrorelse. Om nu membranet ark regleringsfjadern hornbineras med .ett fjadersystem med negativ fjaderkonstant, sti kan den icke onskade hdrdheten hos membranet och regleringsfjadern praktiskt tagel. upphavas. Regulatorn bibehaller sin tryckhalIfasthet och silt regleringsomrade ofOrandrade, men dess kanslighet kan dock stegras nastan bur langt som heist. A andra sidan kan Oven regleringsomradet, t. ex. hos en regulator, Ras genom anvandning av en annu hardare regleringsfjader, On som hittills varit mojligt, varvid regulatorns kanslighet genom uljamningen eller andringen aNkarakteristiken bibehalles. A regulator challenge according to the invention eliminates, for example, practically the undesirable hardness of the membrane and the regulating fluid. Such a diaphragm pressure regulator Or in itself, especially for high pressures, in adman- ity rather inconspicuous, tv for the first Or the pressure-resistant membrane is quite stiff and secondly a very hard spring is usually used, for Mt the reduced regulation of the pressure shall achieved with a not too large spring and a moderate regulation movement. If the membrane sheet control spring is now hornbined with a spring system with a negative spring constant, the undesired hardness of the membrane and the control spring can practically be tackled. originated. The regulator maintains its compressive strength and silt control area unchanged, but its probability can be increased almost as far as the lift. On the other hand, the Oven control area, e.g. with a regulator, Ras through the use of an even harder control spring, On which has hitherto been possible, whereby the regulator's probability through the equalization or change in the characteristic is maintained.

Claims

1. Patent claim: 1. Spring system, star sign for regulators and spleens, characterized in that a spring with a negative spring constant (c) Or connected to a spring has a positive spring constant ± f) in this way, all the spring system of the whole system Or Bien hiom a given installation area In comparison with the individual springs' spring constants.

Spring system according to claim 1, male-derived therefrom, all of which had the ladders (a1, e) Oro firmly connected to. each other.

Spring system according to patent claim 1, characterized in that the springs (a f, c) are installably connected to each other.

Spring system according to claims 1— 3, characterized in that the spring with negative spring constancy fe) Or trained soul an system of radially arranged leaf springs, in the common middle of which the connecting part (d) to the spring with positive spring constant (a + f) engages, and yam's outer spirits with radially inward rilttad bias.

Spring system according to patent claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the outer spirits of the leaf feather arms are fixed.

Spring-time system according to patent claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the leaf spring arms are articulated to support oxygen at least at their outer spirits.

7. Spring system according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that leaf spring arms Ore are made straight in a stress-free state.

8. A spring system according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the leaf spring arms limo challenge the arches in a stress-free state.

9. Spring system according to claims 1 and 4 with an even number of leaf spring arms, characterized in that each of these leaf spring arms Or knocks out at one hall and every other Ot the opposite surface.