SE123136C1

SE123136C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE123136C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1948-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: F. LjungstrOm. Inventor: F. LjungstrOm.

Vid elektrotermisk skif ferolleframstallfling har .det redan foreslagits att uppvarm.a skifferberget in situ me deist ett antal i detsamma nedstuckna elektriska motstands.element. Uppfinningen avser en forbattring av sattet for inbyggandet av .dylika motstand i skifferberget. Motstanden hava till uppgift att 1 alla riktningar, huvudsakligen i horisontalplanet, pa ett effektivt salt sprida den till varme o.mvandlade .elektriska ,energien, sa att skifferberget uppvirmes till en temperatur, som ligger mellan 300 och 500°, mom vilket temperaturomrad.e de i skifferberget i finfordelad form inmangda bituminosa substanserna genom torrdestillation :Overga i gasform med andrad kemisk sammansattning. Genom oasens delvis kondensation erhalles darefter skifferolj a och dessutom diverse kolvaten, BOM ieke aro kondenserbara. Framstallningsproeessen i fraga .ar med hansyn till med densamma fOrknippade kostnad.erbland -annat beroende -av det antal hal per ytenhet, som befinnes nodvandigt for att inom rimlig tid crud den avsedda temperaturgransen. Darjamte foreligger ett onskemal, att forkorta begreppet »rimlig tith s mycket som mojligt, d.etta ,eined:an det parti av skifferberget, som uppviirmes, ãr omslutet .av icke uppvarint skifferberg, till vilket genom den .existerande temperaturskillnaden ett varmelackhge uppstar, som motverkar den .avsedda uppvarmningen av det for oljeframstallning .avgransade omradet. Detta varmelackage star med hansyn till den daray framkallade forlusten av elektrisk .energi eller varme i samband med den tid, som uppvarmningen kraver. Vid liingre uppvarmningstid bliver salunda lackaget mera framtradande. Man kan I Or att paskynda uppvarmningen Oka .antalet hal per Vtenhet, i vilka varmeelement .aro nedforda, men darigenom stiger tydligen kostnaden for :anlaggningen i sin helhet. In the case of electrothermal shale production, it has already been proposed to heat the shale rock in situ with a number of electrical resistance elements immersed in it. The invention relates to an improvement of the set for the incorporation of such a resistor in the slate rock. The object of the resistor is to, in all directions, mainly in the horizontal plane, on an efficient salt, distribute it to heat and unconverted .electric, energy, so that the slate rock is heated to a temperature which is between 300 and 500 °, with which temperature range.e the bituminous substances mixed into the shale rock in finely divided form by dry distillation: Surrender in gaseous form with a different chemical composition. Due to the partial condensation of the oasis, shale oil is then obtained, as well as various hydrocarbons, which are not condensable. The manufacturing process in question, having regard to the same associated costs, includes -otherwise dependent -of the number of hales per unit area which is found necessary to crud the intended temperature limit within a reasonable time. In addition, there is a desire to shorten the term "reasonable time" as much as possible, i.e., the part of the slate rock which is formed is enclosed by non-heated slate rock, to which, due to the existing temperature difference, a heat-lacquer rises, which counteracts the intended heating of the area delimited for oil production. This heat leakage is related to the daray-induced loss of electrical energy or heat associated with the time required for heating. With a longer heating time, the lacquer becomes more prominent. It is possible to speed up the heating.

En ann.an vag att minska uppvarmningstiden är att 1 mojligaste man Ora varmeoverfOringen effektiv mellan det elektriska varmeelementet och den omgivancle bergmassan. Another way to reduce the heating time is to make the heat transfer between the electric heating element and the surrounding rock mass as efficient as possible.

Uppfinningens huvudandamal är .att inom varmeelementet och 1 samband med detsammas inbyggande i berget sk.ap.a storsta intima kontakt mellan de varmealstrande, varmemedd:elande on de varmemottagande elementen samtidigt som utvinningen av hogyardigt flytande bransle blir stor. The main object of the invention is that within the heating element and in connection with its incorporation into the rock, e.g., the greatest intimate contact between the heat-generating, heat-emitting elements on the heat-receiving elements at the same time as the recovery of highly liquid industry becomes large.

Uppfinningen skall nedan narmare beskrivas under hanvisning till a bifogade ritning- ar som exempel visade utforingsformer for sattets genomfitrande, varvid aven ytterligare uppfinningen kanneteckrtande egenskaper sk.ola .angivas. The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, by way of example, of embodiments of the set, in which further features of the invention may be indicated.

Fig. 1 visar .ett fardigt i skifferberget inbyggt varmeelement delvis i langdsektion. Fig. 1 shows a heating element built into the slate rock, partly in longitudinal section.

Fig. 2 visor en detalj av ,det .elektriska varmeelementet .delvis i samm.a sektion som i fig. 1 ()eh fig. 3 denna detalj se:dd uppifran. Fig. 2 shows a detail of the electric heating element, partly in the same section as in Fig. 1 () and Fig. 3 this detail seen from above.

Fig. 4 askadliggor fOr inbyggandet av ett elektriskt varmeelem.ent i skifferberget lamplig .apparatur. Fig. 4 ash bases for the installation of an electric heating element in the slate rock suitable equipment.

Fig. visor en langdsektion genom ett varme:element och genom ett riirelement fOr elementets sammanbyggnad. Fig. Shows a longitudinal section through a heating element and through a control element for the assembly of the element.

Fig. 6 visar en sektion .efter linjen IV—VI i fig. 5. Fig. 6 shows a section along the line IV-VI in Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 visar en anordning .eller ett hjalpordan :delvis i sektion som anvandes i saraband med det i fig. 5 och 6 visade r5relementet. Fig. 7 shows a device or an auxiliary door: partly in section which is used in conjunction with the tube element shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

Fig. 8 visor en modifikation av det elektriska yarmeelementets inbyggnad i skiffer- berget jamte en anordning fOr clementets losgorande fran delta; figuren dr en sektion efter linjen VIII—VIII i fig. 9, som i sin tur visar en sektion efter linjen 1X—IX i fig. 8. Fig. 8 shows a modification of the incorporation of the electric heating element in the slate rock and a device for detaching the clement from the delta; Fig. 3 shows a section along the line VIII-VIII in Fig. 9, which in turn shows a section along the line 1X-IX in Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 visar i s:ektion en modifikation av ett vanneelement jamte- en modifikation av ett hjalporgan for detsammas sammanbyggnad. Fig. 10 shows in section a modification of a water element as well as a modification of an auxiliary member for its assembly.

Fig. 11 och 12 visa sektioner efter linjerna XI—XI resp. XII--XII i fig. 10. Figs. 11 and 12 show sections along the lines XI-XI and XII - XII in Fig. 10.

Fig. 13 visar annu en modifikation .av det elektriska varmeelementet jamte en modifikation av hjalporganet fOr detsammas sammanbyggn.ad. Fig. 13 shows another modification of the electric heating element as well as a modification of the auxiliary means for its assembly.

Fig. 14 visar en sektion efter linjen XIVXIV i fig. 13. Fig. 14 shows a section along the line XIVXIV in Fig. 13.

En elektrisk ledare 2 .enligt fig. 1 star i fiir- — — bindelse med en skruvformig ledare 3, vilken lampligen Sr .utford av vanligt jam. Ledaren 3 dr vid 4 sammansvetsad med en likaledes skruvformigt utformad elektrisk motstandsspiral 5. Motstandsspiralen 5 Sr vid sin undre ande ringformigt sammansvetsad med en kontakthylsa 7, vilken medelst en skruv 8 kan fast andragas mot en bottenplur 9, vilken Sr medelst en svetsfort 10 fast forbunden med ett ronformigt mottandsholje 11. Delta halje star harigenom i elektriskt ledande forbindelse med den .av detsamma omslutna motstandsspiralen 5. Motstandsholjet 11 Sr upptill medelst en klamma 12 och en jordlecining 13 satt i forbindelse rued de anordningar for jordforbindning, som finnas inom den elektriska .apparatur, som overfor strom till motstandsspiralen 5. Om an en enfas Vaxelstriiin ledes genom ledaren 2, spiralen 3, motstandsspiralen 5, bottenpluggen 9, motstandsholjet 11 och slutligen jordfarbindningen 13, limnmer motstandsspiralen 5 och foretratlesvis Sven hOljet 11 att uppviirinas och den sitlunda .alstrade varmen overfores till det WMjet onigivande skifferberget 14. An electrical conductor 2 according to Fig. 1 is in communication with a helical conductor 3, which is suitably formed by ordinary jam. The conductor 3 dr at 4 is welded together with a similarly helically shaped electrical resistance coil 5. The resistance spiral 5 Sr at its lower end is annularly welded together with a contact sleeve 7, which by means of a screw 8 can be fixedly secured against a bottom pin 9, which Sr is fixedly connected by a welding force 10 with a round-shaped receiving tooth housing 11. The delta housing is thereby in an electrically conductive connection with the resistance coil enclosed by the same. apparatus, which converts current to the resistor coil 5. If a single-phase shaft strip is passed through the conductor 2, the coil 3, the resistor coil 5, the bottom plug 9, the resistor housing 11 and finally the ground connection 13, the resistor coil 5 and preferably the Sven coil 11 are to be wound and the seat. the heat is transferred to the WMjet unbound slate 14.

Det i skifferberget nedborratle h.alet 13, i vilket det ovan beskrivna Varmeelementet Sr nedfort, uppvisar pa grund ax bergartens beskaffenhet icke garna en jiinin kontur, utan fastmer en ganska trasig och i detalj irreguljar kontur, sasorn antytts vid 16. Samtidigt bliver halet i sin helhet icke fullt rakt, vaefor det icke pa ett regelbundet salt geometriskt passar till det rorformiga motstandsholjet 11. Ett mellanrum 17 Sr clad& nodvandigt for att motstandsroret 11 skull kunna nedfiiras i ha-let 15. Halet 15 har ett djup, som kan uppga till 20 5 30 meter eller mer och de elektriska viirmeelementen bliva myeket langa och sumIa. Mostandsholjena 11 aro darftir sammansatta av flera riirlangder, vilka forenas genom svetsskarvar 18. Dessa svetsskarvar kunna antingen vara autogena gassvets.ar eller oek elektriska motstandssvetsar och lampligast sadana av stunt svetstypen. Mot standsholjena monteras darvid sa, att en rarliingt1 19 pit t. ex. 6 meter forst nedfOres i halet 15, varefter en annan rtirlangd 20 genom gas- eller elektrisk svetsning sammansvetsas med rot.- Itingden 19 samt diirefter Inert en efterfoljande tredje rorliingd o. s. v., till dess att motstandshOljet bar onskad langcl i bidet 15. Sedan holjet 11 pa delta stilt nedmonterats i bidet 15, infores det hojliga i sin liingdriktnine' ett stycke bildande motstandet 5 i liOl- jet.kontakthylsa 7 fastes vid bot- tenpluggen 9 medelst skruven 8 med tillhjalp ax en pa lampligt satt ax flera langcler hopkopplad skruvnyckel. The hollow 13, in which the heating element described above is drilled, has, due to the nature of the rock, does not have a fine contour, but rather a rather broken and in detail irregular contour, which is indicated at 16. At the same time the tail is in its entirety not fully straight, because it does not geometrically fit on a regular salt to the tubular resistance shell 11. A gap 17 is necessary for the resistance tube 11 to be lowered into the hole 15. The tail 15 has a depth which can amount to 20 5 30 meters or more and the electrical heating elements become very long and sumIa. Mostandsholjena 11 are then composed of several lengths, which are joined by welded joints 18. These welded joints can be either autogenous gas welds or electric resistance welds and most suitably such of the stunt type of weld. Towards the stand holes it is mounted so that a rarliingt1 19 pit e.g. 6 meters first is lowered into the tail 15, after which another back length 20 is welded together by gas or electric welding with the root. After the shaft has been quietly disassembled into the bidet 15, the hollow is inserted in its line direction into a piece forming the resistor 5 in the line socket.

For att bl. a. Ora varmeiiverforingen till skifferbergets vaggyta 16 mojligast effektiv fylles enligt uppfinnirwen mellanrummet 17 med sand eller liknande pulverformi sub-sinus, t. ex. naturlig kvartssand eller Crossad kvarts. Emellertid innehaller ett skifferberg, i vilket nedborrats sS djupa hal, \quoin bar Sr fraga, grundvatten 1 storre eller mindre grad, som instrommar i borrhiden, eller, om man genom lampliga anordningar sokt avdranera grundvattnet frail berget, i varje fall fuktiga eller biota partier har och var utefter bidets langdriktning. Darjamte fOrekomma i de geologiska skifferformationerna smarre ilagringar av lera eller andra lOsare amnen, sum bar och var alternerande avlagrats med skiffern under skifferbergets olika utveeklingsperioder, vilka uppvisa tidsskillnader av millioner Sr mellan de olika lagrens tillkomst. Nagon homogenitet filmes dad& icke i vaggens struktur. Ibland kan den vara smetig av intriingande lera och ibland sipprar vat-ten in ur de olika lagren. Detta medfOr att sanden, am den pa vanligt satt Hynes mellanrummet 17, bliver med nOdyandighet fuktig eller kletig av de i Wet forekommande biota onnaidena eller av de av lera eller dylikt uppbyggda smapartierna av halvaggen. Sanden klumpar darvid ihop sig och vagrar att pa tillfredsstallande salt fylla mellanrurnmet 17. In order to, among other things. a. According to the invention, the heat transfer to the rock surface 16 of the slate rock is most efficiently filled with the space 17 with sand or similar powder form sub-sine, e.g. natural quartz sand or Crossed quartz. However, a slate rock, in which drilled sS deep slippery, \ quoin bar Sr fraga, contains groundwater to a greater or lesser degree, which flows into the borehole, or, if one by means of suitable devices sought to drain the groundwater from the rock, at least moist or biota portions has and was along the longitudinal direction of the bidet. Furthermore, in the geological shale formations, smear deposits of clay or other loose substances occur, which were and were alternately deposited with the shale during the different development periods of the shale mountain, which show time differences of millions of Sr between the formation of the different layers. Some homogeneity is filmed dad & not in the structure of the cradle. Sometimes it can be smeared with penetrating clay and sometimes water seeps in from the various layers. This means that the sand, in the usual way Hynes space 17, becomes with necessity moist or sticky from the biota onnaides present in the Wet or from the small parts of the half-egg built up of clay or the like. The sand then clumps together and refuses to fill the intermediate tube 17 with sufficient salt.

Uppfinningen angiver medel fOr att eliminera dessa svarigheter, sa att mellanrummet 17 och samtliga skrymslen i detsamma belt utfyllas av ett kompakt sandlager. FOr delta andantal anbringas direkt a roret en vibrator 21 (fig. 4), vilken lampligen pa kant salt Sr sammanbyggd med en motor 22, Sum driver en rotationsaxel 23, pa vilken Sr anbragt en excentrisk slangvikt 24. Apparaten 21 Sr me-deist en klamanordning 25 fastdragen pa skyddsroret 11. En skill 26 Sr medelst en packning 27 och en eementskoning 28 WE ansluten till bidet 15. I skalen 26 ifylles vatten och darefter sand 128. Vattnet nedstrommar darvid oeh fyller bidet 15, vorefter sandal hingsamt sjunker ned igenom vattnet och grund av sin storre tyngd tranger unclan detsamma uppat. Anordningen baserar sig 1 det- Inpa fiiljande fysikaliska fore- te el se. The invention provides means for eliminating these responsibilities, so that the gap 17 and all the nooks and crannies in the same belt are filled by a compact layer of sand. For the number of parts, a vibrator 21 (Fig. 4) is arranged directly on the pipe, which lamp is mounted on the edge of the salt S together with a motor 22. Sum drives a rotary shaft 23, on which an eccentric hose weight 24 is arranged. clamping device 25 attached to the protective tube 11. A partition 26 is connected by means of a gasket 27 and an element cone 28 WE connected to the bidet 15. In the shells 26 water is filled and then sand 128. The water then flows down and fills the bidet 15, after which sandal sinks down through the water. and because of its greater weight unclan the urge the same upward. The device is based on the physical physical surface.

Om sand fuktas eller Motes, sa kan densamma formas I olika former. Sanden far grand av vattnets narvaro en viss sainnianhOilning, vilken ytterst beror darpa, att en vidskehinna mellan tva sandkorn i sjalva smygvinkeln Indian de intill varandra beltigna sandkornen uppvisar en vattenyta med mycket liten krakningsradie och stark kapillarverkan. Vatskeytan stravar att vidga denim krokningsradie och daftly Mlles sandkornen tryekta mot varandra med en viss kraft. Sand av enbart fuktig eller vat karaktar kan saledes I. ex. paekas i en kopp (jam-for ett barns lek) och genom att vanda den-no upp och ned erhalles sum bekant en sammanhangande sandkropp av koppens form. Sand av derma struktur kan ditremot icke vare sig stromma eller tryekas genom langa hat eller noggrant utfylla ett mellanrum av mel- — 123'136 —3 lanrummets 17 (fig. 1, 4) karaktar, i synnerhet um dessutom lera Iran halvaggen fOrorenar sanden. litir man ned en kapp i en fuktig eller vat sandhog sã lamnar happen vid uppdragningen ett h1 efter sig. Analogt harmed erhalles ,en mangd mellanrum om man torso-her fylla ett langt small hal med sand, darest detta overhuvud taget ãr mojligt. If sand is moistened or Motes, then the same can be formed into different shapes. The sand is caused by the presence of water, a certain sainnian hOilning, which ultimately depends darpa, that a suede between two grains of sand in the very creeping angle Indian the adjacent belt grains of sand show a water surface with very small cracking radius and strong capillary action. Vatskeytan strives to widen the denim hooking radius and daftly Mlles sand grains pressed against each other with a certain force. Sand of only moist or wet character can thus I. ex. paekas in a cup (jam-for a child's play) and by watering it-no up and down sum sum is known to obtain a coherent sand body of the cup shape. Sand of this structure, on the other hand, can neither flow nor be squeezed by long hats or carefully fill in a gap of the character of the space (fig. 1, 4), especially in addition to the clay Iran half-pollutes the sand. if you put down a coat in a damp or wet sand heap, the hap leaves at the top a h1 behind you. Analogously, this gives a lot of space if you torso-her fill a long small hall with sand, where this is at all possible.

Enligt uppfinningen sker paryllningen av sand, sasom av ovanstaende framgar Bretradesvis under vaftenytan. Mellan tyenne mot varandra .anliggande sandkorn Wainnes i dylikt fall icke flagon vaskehinna, som stravar att pressa kornen mot varandra. Alla krafter kring sandkornen aro belt balanserade och de rora sig lika 1511 i forhallande till varandra som om de Toro torra. Om man oser upp torr sand i en hog pa ett plan, bilda hogens sidytor en vim vinkel, den s. k. rasningsvinkeln, mot horisontalplanet beroende pa friktionen mellan sandkornen. Ar sanden fuktig, Myer .derma rasningsvinkel myeket braid:are och kan i vissa fall vara vertikal (t. ex. lialet .efter kappen). Befinner sig sanden Yid upphallningen helt under en vattenyta far daremot sandhogen den form, som betingas ay ,dess rasningsyinkel I torrt till-stand, och bliver saledes i mojligaste man lattrorlig. Darest sanden i senare fallet utsattes for vibration, komma alla s,andkornen I livlig rorelse, varav foljer, att atta tankbara mellanrum kompakt utfyllas ay sandkorn ax olika storlek. Uppfinningen tillampar de ovan skisserade fysikaliska fOrutsattningarna pa sd salt att rarhOljet 11 efter hela sin langd bringas i kraftig vibration .formedeist vibratorn 21 under det att mellanrummei 17 Or fyllt med vatten och varefter sand 128 under vattenytan 29 patylles i den av skalen 26 bildade behallaren. Mellanrummet 17 1:yrIles pd ,detta salt effektivt och kompakt Bled sand nedifriM och upp oheroende av mu grand-vatten finnes i skifferberget och oberoende av om skifferberget till smarre delar bestar ax tunna inlagringar avi yatten uppslambar tern. Sedan vibrering .och parylining av sand pa-gat under lamplig tid, I. ex. 1 timme, avliigsnas yibratorn 21 och skaIen 26. Skyddsroret 11 star darefter medelst sandlagret 17 i kompakt intim forbindelse med skifferberget 14, varigenom storsta mojliga varmeoverledningsformaga mellan morel 11 och skifferberget astadkommits. According to the invention, the parylling of sand takes place, as can be seen from the above, Bretradesvis below the water surface. Between tyenne against each other. All the forces around the grains of sand are well balanced and they move as much in 1511 in relation to each other as if they were Toro dry. If you unload dry sand in a mound on a plane, the side surfaces of the mound form a wide angle, the so-called rake angle, towards the horizontal plane depending on the friction between the sand grains. Is the sand moist, Myer .derma raging angle very braid: are and can in some cases be vertical (eg lialet .after the mantle). If, on the other hand, the sand Yid is completely below a water surface, the sand heap acquires the shape which is conditioned by it, its angle of collapse in the dry state, and thus becomes, as far as possible, easily rotatable. Darest the sand in the latter case was subjected to vibration, come all s, the duck grains In lively motion, of which follows, to eight tankable intervals compactly filled ay sand grains ax different size. The invention applies the physical conditions outlined above to the salt salt which, after its entire length, is brought into vigorous vibration by the vibrator 21 while the spaces 17 are filled with water and then sand 128 below the water surface 29 is patilled in the container formed by the shells 26. The gap 17 1: yrIles pd, this salt efficiently and compactly Bled sand down and up independently of mu grand water is found in the slate rock and regardless of whether the slate rock to smear parts consists ax thin deposits of yatten slurryable tern. Then vibration .and parylining of sand pa-gat during suitable time, I. ex. 1 hour, the vibrator 21 and the shell 26 are discharged. The protective tube 11 then stands by means of the sand layer 17 in a compact intimate connection with the slate rock 14, whereby the largest possible heat transfer form between morel 11 and the slate rock is achieved.

Vid den elektriska strOmmens paslOppande meddelar det -elektriska motstandet 5 (fig. 1) sitt varme till °nigh-nil-igen -oda saledes till skyddsroret 11. Hela aggregatet uppnar slutligen en temperatur, som t. ex. ligger meilan 500 -och 1000° C. Ett starkt yttre tryek paverkar no motstandshOljet 11, detta emedan detsamma genom det mellaniiggande sandlagrets 17 fasta sammanpackning Or i huvudsak orubbligt forbundet med halvaggen 15, och Millet 11 genom den termiska utvidg ningen stravar att forlanga sig men hindras 'darifran av den oingivande bergmassan. Detta tryck a holjet blir annu mera utpraglat diirigenom, att skifferberget yid den torrdestilla- som Or en foljd av upphettningen, herOvas en del ay sina bestandsdelar och bliver porost, sd att det slutligen sjunker samman i vertikalriktningen till en dimension, som kanske Or ett par procent eller mem mindre On den ursprungliga. Tendensen bliyer darfOr, att det rorformiga holjet 11 sammanstukas i sin langdriktning. Samtidigt med denna foreteetse undergar Oven motstandselementet 5 en termisk utvidgning, som striivar att deformera detsamma. Enligt en annan uppfinningen utmarkande egenskap Or motstandselementet fixerat med hansyn till silt lage relatiyt skyddsh5ljet 11 av i det senare nedford elektriskt oledande pulverformig substans, t. ex. kvartssand eller alum lampligare krossat kyartsgrus. Samtidigt tjanar -denim substans till att uppstaga skyddsholjet mot det ovannamnda yttre trycket sO att en intim kontakt mellan .detsamana och den yttre sandpalyllningen 17 uppratthalles i trots ay de radande hOga temperaturerna. At the passage of the electric current, the -electric resistor 5 (Fig. 1) transmits its heat to the nigh-nil-again -od thus to the protective tube 11. The whole unit finally reaches a temperature which e.g. is between 500 and 1000 ° C. hindered 'from there by the unreporting rock mass. This pressure on the cavity becomes even more pronounced by the fact that the slate rock in the dry still- as Or a consequence of the heating, herOvas some ay its constituents and becomes porous, so that it finally collapses in the vertical direction to a dimension, which perhaps Or a couple percent or mem less On the original. The tendency remains for the tubular housing 11 to be crushed in its longitudinal direction. Simultaneously with this foreteetse, the oven resistance element 5 undergoes a thermal expansion, which tends to deform the same. According to another invention distinguishing feature Or the resistance element fixed with respect to the silt-low relative protective cover 11 of in the later nedford electrically non-conductive powdery substance, e.g. quartz sand or alum lampier crushed kyart gravel. At the same time, the denim substance serves to raise the protective cover against the above-mentioned external pressure so that an intimate contact between the same and the external sand filling 17 is maintained in spite of the radiating high temperatures.

For ifyllningen ay den namnda substansen kan Yid utforingsformen enligt fig. 1 den i fig. 5-7 yisade anordningen men fordel komma till anyandning. I motstandsholjet 11 nedfores ett ror 31, som liar nagot mindre diameter an motstandsspiralen 5 ark genom yilket kyarlsgrus 32 nedslappes i hOljet. floret 31 liar ett styrorgan 33, viIket medelst mellan motstandets 5 tradvary utskjutande nabbar (en eller Hera) 34 erhaller ett fixerat lage i forhallande till motstandsaggregatets langdaxel. Roret 31 star i forbindelse med en piifyllningstratt 35 (fig. 7), van kyartsgrus 36 patylles. Gruset nedrinner ,daryid genom ett antal hal 41 i ett sammanbindningsorgan 40 i roret 31. FOr att den pa delta satt I höljet inkommande grusmassan shall bliva effektiyt sammanpackad Or enligt uppfinningen roret 31 fOrhundet med en vibrator 37, vilken medelst de bagge enradiga kullagren 38 och 39 star i roterbar forbindelse med riiret 31 formedelst sammanbindningsorganet 40. Slides nu vibrator n 37 igang medelst en roterande remskiva 42, som kan ,drivas ax en elektrisk motor, hammer beta .det aggregat, som bestar ay vibratern 37 och delarna 40, 31 on 33 avensom den i dessa nedstrommande grusmassan 32 i vibration. Denna vibration sprider sig darjamte till det elektnis- ha5 och genom fOrmedlingen av gruset Oven till °nigh-and@ delar sasom t. ex. hOljet 11. Samtidigt SOM. gruset 32 pafylles kringuides rOret 31 t. ex. genom manuell paverkanatt nabbarna 34 mellan det i det- to fall skruvformiga mellanrummet i motstandsspiralen 5 skruyas -uppat under &tan-dig pafyllning av grus. Under sadan skruvning nedifran on uppat pafylles hela mot- — — standsaggregatet med kvartsgrus 32 alit -trader standigt pagaende vibration, varigenont gruset bliver tatt sammanpackat for hoIjets 11 uppstagning samtidigt som motstandet 5 halles fast i sitt ratta lage utefter hela sin langd nedifran och uppat. Vidare sakerstalles ett maximum av varmeoverforingsformaga mellan detta motstand och oingivningen. For the filling of the said substance, the embodiment according to Fig. 1 may be the device shown in Figs. 5-7, but it may be advantageous to use it. A tube 31, which is slightly smaller in diameter than the resistance coil 5 sheets, is lowered into the resistance housing 11 through which the gravel gravel 32 is lowered into the housing. the groove 31 is provided with a guide member 33, which by means of projecting hubs (one or Hera) 34 projecting between the resistors 5 receives a fixed bearing in relation to the longitudinal axis of the resistance assembly. The rudder 31 is connected to a pipe filling funnel 35 (Fig. 7), of kyart gravel 36 patylles. The gravel flows down, daryid through a number of halls 41 in a connecting member 40 in the pipe 31. In order for the gravel mass entering the casing to be effectively packed, the pipe 31 is preheated with a vibrator 37 which 39 is in rotatable connection with the tube 31 by means of the connecting means 40. The vibrator n 37 is now slid into operation by means of a rotating pulley 42, which can be driven by an electric motor, hammer beta the assembly, which consists of the vibrator 37 and the parts 40, 31 on 33 in addition to the gravel mass 32 flowing down in them in vibration. This vibration also spreads to the electric ha5 and through the transmission of the gravel Oven to ° nigh-and @ parts such as e.g. hOljet 11. Simultaneously AS. gravel 32 pafylles kringuides rOret 31 t. ex. by manual actuation night the hubs 34 between the in this case helical gap in the resistance coil 5 are screwed -up under & tant-dig filling of gravel. During such screwing from the bottom up, the entire resistor assembly is filled with quartz gravel 32 alit -trader constant pulsating vibration, whereby the gravel is taken packed for the hoist 11 to be picked up while the resistor 5 is held in its steering wheel along its entire length from the bottom up. Furthermore, a maximum of heat transfer capacity is provided between this resistor and the input.

Ett elektriskt motstand av den karaktar, som uppfinningen avser, liar, sasom ay °van- staende framgar, stor utstrackning 1 vertikal riktning. Skulle motstandet vara nedbyggt frisvavande eller t. ex. hallas av desanuna uppliarande delar av olika konstruktioner sa- dana som fOrekomma inom uppbyggandet av elektriska motstand i allmanhet, sa skulle darvid likval uppbarandet av motstandet val- la allvarliga och kanske ciiverkomliga konstruktionssvarigheter, detta emedan den sana- manlagda vikten av hela motstandet skulle utOva for stora pakanningar pa de uppbarande delarn,a, paverkade som dessa aro av den haga temperaturen inom motstandet, varige- nom deras hallfasthet ãr i mycket hog grad forsvagad. I enlighet med uppfinningen bil- das emellerticl ett fast grepp om samtliga motstandets delar inbordes och i forhallande till den omgivande bergmassan, sii att ingen del av motstandet bliver utan stOd och diiri- genom utsfittes for farliga deformationer, men pa samma gang Sr sa fast forbunden med omgivningen att de ovan berorda dimen- sionsforandringarna i motstandets langdriktning kunna forsigga under betryggande am- standigheter, d. v. s. utan att framkalla kortslutning eller i Ovrigt oregelbunden deformering. An electrical resistance of the nature to which the invention relates, as shown above, extends in a vertical direction. Should the resistance be reduced free-floating or e.g. If parts of different constructions such as those which occur in the construction of electrical resistance in general are held in the same way, then the equal support of the resistance would choose serious and perhaps affordable construction durations, this because the combined weight of the whole resistance would large pans on the supporting parts, a, affected as these are by the high temperature within the resistor, whereby their half-strength is greatly weakened. In accordance with the invention, a fixed grip is formed between all the parts of the resistor is embedded and in relation to the surrounding rock mass, so that no part of the resistor is left without a support and thus is exposed to dangerous deformations, but at the same time Sr so firmly connected with the environment that the above-mentioned dimensional changes in the longitudinal direction of the resistor can proceed under reassuring conditions, ie without causing a short circuit or otherwise irregular deformation.

Motstandet 5 är lampligen utfort av kromjarnlegering med hZig kromhalt. Ett sadant material ar tamligen dyrbart och bOr diirfor utnyttjas s lange som miijligt. Sedan den omgivande bergrnassan natt Onskad tempera- tar kan darfor det elektriska motstandet avlagsnas ur holjet 11 f5r att any° anvandas i ett annat skyddsholje och ett annat hal i berget. For detta andamal nedfores i mot- standet 5 ett vertikalt nedstucket r5r, som star i forbindelse med hogtrycksluft, varvid sanden uppblitses ur holjet 11. Darefter lossas sknuven 8 medelst den ovan namnda hopkopplade skruvnyckeln, varefter motstandet 5 kan uppdragas ur holjet 11 for att any) fastskruvas i eft annat mostandsholje. The resistor 5 is suitably made of chromium-iron alloy with hZig chromium content. Such a material is quite expensive and should therefore be used as long as possible. Since the surrounding rock mass at night Unwanted temperatures, therefore, the electrical resistance can be removed from the casing 11 before any ° is used in another protective casing and another hall in the rock. For this purpose, a vertically submerged pipe is lowered in the resistor 5, which is in communication with high-pressure air, whereby the sand is blown out of the housing 11. Then the screw 8 is loosened by means of the above-mentioned interconnected wrench, after which the resistor 5 can be pulled out ) screwed into another resistance housing.

Det Sr Sven mOjligt att ur berget avtagsna motstandsaggregatet i sin helhet. Eftersom sanden 17 hiller riiret 11 orubbligt fast i her-get kan detta icke ske sa lange denna sand är packad amkring aggregatet. Enligt fig. 8 och 9 kan ardor det i skifferberget upptagna let 43 vara fOrsett med en rannformad utvidgning 44, van i kan nedforas ett utblasningsror 45. Harigenom kan sanden medelst trycklutt uppirlasas fran mellanrummet 17, sir att roret 11 frigores och kan uppdragas ur halet 43. Pii delta satt kan salunda hela motstandselementet komma till ,anvandning flera ganger after varandra for olika uppvarmningsperioder samtidigt sorn ett fast saraband mellan detsamma ,och det omgivande berget avensom en molligast effektiv yarmeoverforing till detta sakerstalles. It is possible for Sven to remove the resistance unit from the rock in its entirety. Since the sand 17 hills the pipe 11 firmly in the herb, this cannot happen as long as this sand is packed around the unit. According to Figs. 8 and 9, the conduit 43 accommodated in the slate rock can be provided with a gutter-shaped extension 44, in which a blow-out pipe 45 can be lowered. 43. Pii delta sat can thus the whole resistance element come to, use several times in succession for different heating periods at the same time sorn a fixed saraband between the same, and the surrounding mountain as well as a most efficient yarme transfer to this sakerstalles.

Vid den i fig. 10-12 yisade utforingsformen Sr motstandet utfOrt i tva halvmanfortaiga sektioner 46. Sandpackningsorganet 47 Sr centrerat i holjet 11 medelst en manchett 48, som Sr forbunden med detta organ Over tvenne nitar 49. Mellan sandpaekningsorganet 47 och centreringsmanchetten 48 inrymmas de halvmanformiga motstandselementen 46. Pafyllningen av kvartsgrus sker ph enahanda satt som harovan skildrats med det undantag att pafyllningsorganen har icke be'lova roteras utan kunna dragas rakt uppat under pafyllningen. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 10-12, the resistor is formed in two semi-rigid sections 46. The sand packing means 47 is centered in the housing 11 by means of a sleeve 48, which is connected to this means. Over two rivets 49. semi-shaped resistance elements 46. The filling of quartz gravel takes place in the same way as described above, with the exception that the filling means have not been allowed to rotate but can be pulled straight upwards during the filling.

En annan modifikation av motstandselementen visa fig, 13 och 14. Ett pifyliningsorgan 50 omfattar medelst en med t. ex. sex hal urborrad krona 51 lika manga motstandsspiraler 52, vilka saledes pa enahanda salt som ovan skildrats lianas i lage under pafyllning av kvartsgruset under det att organet 50 under vibration fOrmedlar pafyllningen och sammanpackningen av kvartsgruset. Another modification of the resistance elements is shown in Figs. 13 and 14. A pipelining means 50 comprises by means of one with e.g. six hal drilled crown 51 equal numbers of resistance spirals 52, which are thus lined on the same salt as described above while filling the quartz gravel while the member 50 under vibration mediates the filling and packing of the quartz gravel.

Under den forutsattning att motstandselementet bestar av en enda spiral 3 (fig. 5), kan Sven styrorganet 33 ersattas av ett ringformigt styrorgan motsvarandehylsan48 (fig. 10), vilken hylsa darvid under sandpafyllningen kan manovreras uppifran fOrmedelst ett med sagda hylsa sammanskruvat ror oiler annat organ, som tinker sagda hylsas forande uppat under pagaende Ett sadant styrorgan behOver tydligen icke sasom t. ex. styrorganet 33 (fig. 5) roteras under dragningen uppat. Provided that the resistance element consists of a single spiral 3 (Fig. 5), the Sven guide means 33 can be replaced by an annular guide means corresponding to the sleeve 48 (Fig. 10), which sleeve can then be maneuvered from above during the sand filling by means of a tube or other screwed together with said sleeve. organs, which tinker said sleeve leading upwards during pagaende Such a control organ apparently does not need such as e.g. the control member 33 (Fig. 5) is rotated during the upward pull.

Motstanden enligt fig. 10-14 behova icke nOcivandigtvis vara sammanbundna med del omgivande holjet, utan kan den elektriska strommen ledas ned och app genorn seriekoppling av de olika elementen inom motstandet. I motstanclselementet entigt fig. 13 .och 14 kunna dessa aven vara stjiirnkopplade on anpassas till trefas vaxelstriim, varvid sammankopplingen av de sex spiralerna sker antingen i botten .av motstandet ,eller ock sker sagda sammankoppling Indian tre motstandselement upptill, varvid strommen fOrst lades nedat i ire motstandsspiraler och &r-often uppat i Ire andra spriraler. Dc olika kopplingssatten aro inom elektrotekniken allmant kanda och skola darfOr icke narmare beskriyas i detalj. Dock pavisas i saraband darmed den enligt uppfinningen visade metoden och grupperingen, som mojliggor dessa olika sammanbyggningssatt samtidigt som den ovan berorda fasta sammanby-ggnaden och effektiva varineOverfOringen sakerstalles. The resistor according to Figs. 10-14 need not necessarily be connected to the part surrounding the housing, but the electric current can be led down and the application through the series connection of the various elements within the resistor. In the resistance element according to Figs. 13 and 14, these can also be star-coupled and adapted to three-phase gear strips, the interconnection of the six spirals taking place either at the bottom of the resistor, or said interconnection Indian three resistance elements at the top, the current first being laid down in ire resistance spirals and & r-often up in Ire other spirals. The various connection methods in electrical engineering are generally known and will not be described in more detail here. However, the method and grouping shown according to the invention, which enable these different assemblies to be set up at the same time as the above-mentioned fixed assembly and efficient goods transfer, are demonstrated.

Vid sammanbyggnaden av de elektriska — — motstanden är det av vikt, .att lake pa nagon enstaka punkt mom hela motstandsaggregatet en spanningsforande del kommer i for nfira grannskap med en ,annan del av lag're eller hogre spanning Ett visst minimiaystand med en darav betingad s. k. kryplangd erfordras darfor for ,att skapa trygghet for oyerslag .ay den elektriska strommen. Skulle t. ex. genom ovarsamhet flagon del ay motstandsspiralen eller motstandselementet vid nedforandet i skyddsholjet bliva deformerad, sa kan det tankas, att densamma i trots ay de oyan beskriyna styrorganen dock pa nagon punkt genom ,denna deformering kan komma fOr nara ett p.arti med annan elektrisk spanning. For att forhindra en dylik eventualitet ar enligt uppfinningen det pulverformiga fyllmaterialet sonderkrossat, am det hestar av krossat material, eller utsiktat, am det bestir t. ex. av naturlig kvartssand, med sadana kornstorlekar, att ett start antal korn mom materialet ifraga liar en sà star kornstorlek, att ett .enda korn, som ligger mellan tva i spanningsforhallande sta.ende delar, ar tillrackligt fOr 'att halla ,dessa bagge delar pa betryggande krypavstand fran varandra. Dessa storre korn fOrekomma i sh start mital inom det pulverformiga materialet, att storsta utsikt finnes for att ingen yta a motstandsmaterialet skull kunna komma i narmare kontakt med motsyarande yta an storleken av dessa grovre korn. Si liar t. ex. am motstandsaggregatet avser ,ett mellanrum mellan motstan.dsholjet och motstandselementet ay Overallt minst 3 mm en storsta kornstorlek valts, sam kan siktas genom en sil med 2 mm mellanrum. Om nu t. ex. 10 % av motstandsmaterialet bestar .av sadana 2 mm korn, sa forekomma dessa I sa star mangd uppblandade i de finare kornstorlekarna, att overallt ,ett minsta spelrum ay minst 2 mm är tryggat samtidigt som de mindre kornstorlekarna tillata uppfyllandet av mellanrummen och churn de ej direkt bidraga till den elektriska isolationen dock synnerligen effektiyt medverka till varmeOverforingen det .elektriska motstandet och det omgivande skyddsholj et. When assembling the electrical resistors, it is important that at some point the entire resistor unit is energized, a voltage-carrying part comes into contact with another, part of the lower or higher voltage. A certain minimum resistance with a conditional condition so-called crawl space is therefore required to create security for the electric current. Should e.g. due to carelessness the part of the resistance coil or the resistance element on the lowering in the protective housing becomes deformed, so it is conceivable that the same in spite of the oy described the control means, however, at some point through, this deformation can occur for only one part with other electrical voltage. In order to prevent such an eventuality, according to the invention the powdery filling material is probed, if it is made of crushed material, or exposed, if it consists of e.g. of natural quartz sand, with such grain sizes that an initial number of grains in the material in question is such a large grain size that a single grain, which lies between two stress-relieving parts, is sufficient to hold, these ram parts on reassuring crawl distance from each other. These larger grains occur in the starting material within the powdered material, that there is the greatest view that no surface of the resistive material can come into closer contact with the corresponding surface than the size of these coarser grains. Si liar t. Ex. If the resistance assembly refers to a gap between the resistance housing and the resistance element ay Everywhere at least 3 mm a largest grain size is selected, which can be sieved through a sieve at 2 mm intervals. If now e.g. 10% of the resistance material consists of such 2 mm grains, so these occur in such large quantities mixed in the finer grain sizes, that everywhere, a minimum clearance of at least 2 mm is secured while the smaller grain sizes allow the filling of the gaps and churn they do not directly contribute to the electrical insulation, however, very effectively contribute to the heat transfer, the electrical resistance and the surrounding protective housing.

Uppfinningen ãr giyetyis icke begransad till dc ovan beskrivna specifika utforingsformerna utan kan varieras i vidaste bemarkelse mom ramen for de efterfoljande patentanspraken. The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but may be varied in the broadest sense within the scope of the appended patent claims.

Claims

Patent claim:

1. Used in the production of oil from shale rock, characterized in that an electrical resistance is applied in a tubular protective oil, which is lowered into a hall in the shale rock and a gap between powder shield and granular material is filled between the protective oil and the tail surface of the tail. , sasom sand.

2. A slab according to claim 1, characterized in that a heat-generating electrical, for example helical, resistance is applied in the protective housing, which is embedded in and suspended in the protective housing by a powder or granular electrical insulating material, e.g. salt,, that this material at the same time counteracts a compression ay of the protective oil packed down in the slate rock during the oil recovery period.

3. Set according to patent claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Indian protective cover and the cradle of the tail resp. in the former, crushed quartz is filled.

4. Sall, according to patent claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the grain size of the powdery or granular material resp. the crushed quartz 'ayvages said in relation to the space between the electrical resistor and the unobstructed protective casing, that coarse grains prevent the resistance; aft come mom, a distance Iran the protective casing yagg, at which, an electric Oyerslag may occur, while smaller grains form a packed filling Indian the coarser grains for matter ay a good heat transfer between the resistor and the protective cover.

5. According to some of the preceding patent claims, it is characterized in that the protective cover is composed of a number successively inserted in the tail which are welded together, and that the electrical resistance is constituted by at least one flexible member connected in the longitudinal direction of the resistance element.

6. According to some of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that part of the electrical resistance is connected to the protective cover of electrically conductive material in its lower part.

7. salt, according to any one of the foregoing patent claims, characterized in that two or more electrical resistors are joined together in the lower part of the protective cover.

8. salt according to any one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the tail taken up in the slate rock is continued with an extension, in which a tube is inserted for blowing out the packed powder or grain filling around the protective cover during its removal from

9. The method of packing the powdered material according to claim 1, characterized in that the space between the slate of the slate and the protective shell is filled with a liquid (the yacht) and that the powdery or granular material is lowered below the surface of this liquid, while the protective shell deist a vibrator is made to vibrate.

10. Set according to the mago of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the electrical resistance, or resistance, is given such a shape, e.g. annular channel, that a longitudinal channel is present in the lure of the resistance element, in which a filling tube for the powder or cormorous insulating material is lowered.

Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 10, characterized by a filling tube (31) connected to a vibrator, which is arranged to be lowered into the protective housing and which is thereby provided with control means for the electrical resistance or resistors, such that rtir is vibrated and during the filling of the powder or granular material is lifted upwards, the resistors are wrapped in said material in the intended layer.

12. Apparatus according to patent claim 11, characterized in that said guide means are formed with guide hubs, which during filling are included between the wire turns in the helically formed electrical resistance. Stockholm 1948. Kungl. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & Saner 4800S9 Pl. I. LITO OF THE GENERAL STAFF