SA93140176B1 - Construction for multi-effect distillation - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract: The present invention relates to a series-completable unit in a multi-effect still distillation apparatus comprising a chamber enclosed by four walls and two partitions where one partition shares with the previous effect and the other with the subsequent effect. Installing heat exchanger tubes in an accumulator that is sealed to a diaphragm, and an opening in the diaphragm at the accumulator allows the flow of vapors and barriers between the units. A distribution plug seals the upper end of the heat exchanger tube while transporting the distilland through the inner channels until it reaches a ring channel that distributes the distillate evenly around the plug. Clearance at the bottom of the annulus between the stopper and the tube allows the distillate to flow evenly over the tube when it leaves the plug.

Description

Y — _ Construction for a multi-effect distillation Full Description BACKGROUND The invention relates to an improved construction of a multi-effect distillation apparatus More specifically the invention relates to the construction of a rectangular unit per fl where Many units are sequenced to produce the desired number of effects. Multi-effect distillation is a well-established process for the purification of liquids. It is particularly useful for distilling sea water, although it can be used effectively with other chemicals, such as alcohols. With a complex network of 0 tubes used to connect these effects. We are disclosing here a modular rectangular shape that allows easy access for maintenance purposes; It is easy to construct and provides a short, efficient path for steam to follow as it moves from one effect to the next. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Our invention is substantially similar to the prior art of Takada et al. in their US Patent 1 No. 41654 287. 58 bundles of horizontally oriented heat exchanger tubes are proposed in TA

Y — — . all effect. Wa influences are separated by a dividing wall; It also contains a steam passage and a partially surface (Jil) preheater chamber. Takada requires that its denominators be essentially horizontal. As indicated, the Takada invention cannot be used with standpipes. Furthermore; His invention required that many jet orifices be constructed in its dividing wall to allow the flow of o distillation between effects 0 and furthermore; Its first heating chamber should occupy the entire length of the pipes. This causes the steam path to be longer and more circuitous in his invention than in his invention, exposing the steam to greater pressure loss as it travels between impacts; This reduces the energy efficiency of his distillation process compared to our process. Our invention provides vertical tubes with vertically oriented baffles that are simple to construct to separate 0 impacts. Brief Explanation of the Drawings Figure ‎1: It is a vertical view with basic building blocks used in both the first and second embodiments. Fig. ?: A sketch of a longitudinal section of a first embodiment of the invention. 0 is a longitudinal section diagram of a detailed view of part of the first embodiment. TVA

And

In Figure 1, a vapor-tight chamber (01) is confined to an effect unit.

(VY) module with first baffle, (V1) upper wall ye, and (V1) upper wall ye

second and second side wall (01) first side wall and (A) lower wall

(YY) side wall 0 and a second baffle (4 7). The upper wall (V1) includes the buttress

For the first duct (Y1) with TU-section and the bottom wall (VA) includes the stiffening part

of a second conduit (YA) and the first lateral wall includes that part of the reinforcing chord of a third conduit which

(V+) located at and below the upper wall joint (V1) with the third duct (30) and at and above the joint

The lower wall (VA) with the third raceway (Ye) and the second side wall (YY) includes that portion 0s 0 the reinforcing chord of a fourth raceway (VY) located at the bottom of the upper wall joint (11) with The fourth stream

(37) fourth channel with the fourth channel (VA) and at and above the bottom wall connection (VY).

A portion of the third channel (YY) has been cut off in the illustration to show the direction of the channel

| (YA) II

(V1), (YA), (1), and (YY) raceway flanges are used for fastening purposes. The first race (YT) 0 is welded to the third race (V0) by The first weld (VE) first weld that starts at one end

one of the lips of the first duct (77); continues to and through the flange; Then to the tip of the second lip.

Likewise, the second weld (376) fastens the first course (YT) to the third course (30); It also proves welding

The third (YA) the second rod (YA) to the third raceway (Fe) and weld the fourth (£0) the raceway

The second (YA) to the fourth (TY) stream

A

CL

as a principle ; The four pieces of welded ducts form a container sia¥! (01), (18) and (V7) in front of all four walls (VE). The first bulkhead extends from the box and (47). (YY) and covers the first end lip (£5) of the box (47;) to allow the first rail to be attached to the box (47). Jil The second rail (Ye) covers the second end lip (£7) of the box (£Y ) © to allow its installation also to box (47).Both embodiments given in this specification are based on the structure shown in Figure 1m) with modification where appropriate. in order to aid understanding; The same reference numbers will be used in the various figures that will follow when discussing similar constructs. A in the shape of Y and then attach the first bulkhead 0 ( along its surface one of the anchor bolts A) ¢ ( and one of the nuts 0 °) with the upper wall (3) by means of a first flange) Y °) and met is considered a vertical extension of the upper wall (V1) at the first end (44). Likewise; then attach the second bulkhead (V4) along what will be considered its outer surface, making its inner surface that surface that faces the adjacent influence (?5); which is partly clarified; with the upper wall (11) by (£7) a second flange (0) which is likewise an extension of the upper wall (17) at its second end eo and they are extensions of the lower wall (81); And that (5A) use a third flange (01) and a fourth flange lly gaskets (VA) to the bottom wall (Y€) and (V§) to connect the two gaskets (01) Between the baffles (V€) and (?1) flanges sled Ny (44), (4), (51) and (0A) to create a vapor-tight seal. TA |

The second baffle (YE) is provided with an opening (17) to allow blowdown distillate (14) and vaporization product (V1) from adjacent effect from the left (oF) to flow through the second baffle (YE ) and the bottom wall (VA) is provided with a blowdown exhaust port (1A) and blowdown tube (19) to allow removal of blowdown distilland 0 from impact unit (VY As well as any condensate that condensed on the side walls (01) and (YY) (not shown in this figure, but understood from the discussion of Figure (1) and flowed to the bottom of the chamber (01). The (V1) evaporate will flow through the chamber (V+) until it condenses as condensate (71) on the outer edges of the (VY) exchanger tubes from which -0 flows to the upper accumulator (V£). By pipe plate (V1); and from one side by means of the inner surface of the first bulkhead (£ 1) and by means of al (VA) sides cl sal from which the opposite side to the said first bulkhead (VE) is shown, the upper accumulator leads (VE) From the top of the room (01) 1. An upper accumulator (A): upper accumulator port Mie was supplied through the (YA) side to allow the flow of condensate (71) to the bottom of the condensate pipe (47). ); Through the condensate discharge port (A) and through the bottom wall (VA) to the outside of the (VY) module, the incoming distillate supply (44) is transported by means of a (2Y) distilland tube through the outlet Distillator port 019011800 (44) in the upper wall (V1) to the eA collector

VE distribution to each Baie 5 (3A) distillation and manifold AVY distiller located inside the top end of each heat exchanger tube (001) plugs tight against (001) distribution plugs provided (011). Figure © provides a detailed view of the dispensing plug and also makes the distillate (V+) and chamber (VY) leak vapor between the inner tubes of the heat exchanger onto the inner walls of each tube of the (011) film It flows in the form of a thin film (10) 0 heat exchanger tubes 5 J} all (17). When the distillate flows down the inner walls of the heat exchanger (VY) tubes it partially evaporates. 017) and the (V+ £) blowdown distilland from the bottom of the Jabal Al-Hazari (VY) heat exchanger tubes to a lower accumulator (V0) 0. The boundaries of the lower accumulator (V0) are determined from the top by the pipe plate (77); from below by the plate (8110); and around three of the flanges by the sides (VA) and from the fourth flange by the inner surface of the first bulkhead (VE) there is a hole (0 (0) in the first bulkhead (VE) in that part of the bulkhead which forms part of the lower accumulator (17). The evaporation product (147) and the drain distillate (;100) pass from the lower accumulator (Ve) through the hole (Ve) to the next adjacent effect from the (Vet) and the drain distillate (VY) Note that when the product of Vaporization (WY) right Aga 1 (17) from the first bulkhead (;1) of one effect; they become vaporization product (001) through the hole of the adjacent effect. (YE) passing through the hole (17 ) in the second bulkhead (VE) and the discharge drip with the first bulkhead (?0) of (V0) around the bottom accumulator connection (V1 £) Weld wraps the weld in order to create a tight joint against steam leakage so that Fluids do not pass freely between the lower accumulator | of the same effect. (01) and chamber (011) 0a”

-

When condensate forms inside a large chamber such as room (10), the turbulence will tend to persist

On non-condensable gases mixed with vaporization product (17). If sufficient suction is applied to

Drain pipe (19) and condensate pipe (AY) then part of the evaporate will be removed (171)

from room (01) through tubes (19) and (AY) and this in itself could be sufficient to maintain

The concentration of non-condensable gases is under control. If a separate drain port is desired

to remove non-condensable gases; This Bad Art is well known and will not be explained here.

Also known in the art is the use of a tube sheet, a water box and jet nozzles or

Wicks at the tops of the heat exchanger tubes instead of the distribution plugs that we have shown.

In oF form, free-standing baffles (0) alternate with welded (YY) baffles 0. The free standing barriers (171) are identical in structure to the first barriers

(1); The Welded Sal is the same as the Led first baffles (V2) except that they are bolted to the right upper walls and VY (left upper walls)

(VV) by means of welds (178) similar to the upper left walls (71;) in their structure the upper wall

(0); Cus flange (131) flange corresponds to the (of) second flange but there is no flange or 1 sealing ring on the right side of the upper left wall (VY£) because the (VYA) welds ‏

Provides adequate hold for welded (YY) baffles. Likewise, the upper right baffles (17) in

to be installed on the upper wall (V1), while the second flange (08) of the upper wall (171) is replaced by

(VY YA) welds

TA

b_ 5 _ in Fig. 4; We present a Lili embodiment of the invention; It is an embodiment in which the distillate flows onto the outer surface of the heat exchanger (VY) tubes and the condensate flows onto the inner surface. This embodiment becomes the preferred embodiment if heat exchanger tubes of Gua plastic are used The pressure on the condensing surface of the heat exchanger is greater than on the evaporating surface and it is simpler to maintain the shape of the tubes if the internal pressure is greater than external.

In the form of ; All components are aligned with their counterparts in a Y-shape except for the following.

The (3A) distribution manifold distributes the incoming supply distilland (1) to the (Yor) Al nozzles for spraying on the outer surfaces of the (VY) heat exchanger tubes as a (V0) distilland and after The distillate (Vo) has blowdown as a discharge distillate (VE) it collects in the upper accumulator (VY) on tubes 0 (01) inside the room (Yo) the evaporation product flows from distillate (YoY) distilland the drain distillate (YE) is emptied into the second septum (VY) until it reaches and flows through the orifice

g (YO) from the upper accumulator (VE) via the Mia accumulator drain (107) at the side (748); and via the drain pipe (VOA) and the drain-out port (V1) in the lower wall ( OA).

Jay 1 evaporation product (VT) coming from orifice (011) in the first bulkhead (VE) and flowing through the bottom accumulator (V1) and into Jala heat exchanger tubes (77); on which condensation condenses As condensate (V1) and then flows down the tubes (77) to the lower accumulator (01 (0) The condensate (1764) flows out of the lower accumulator (107) through hole (111) in the first baffle (10).

m

F1 - The condensate (VV) flows into the chamber (01) through the hole (17) in the second bulkhead (YE) and collects on the floor of the chamber (10); then it is removed through the condensate removal pipe (VTA) via the condensate removal port (VV +) located in the lower wall (VA) The following option may provide a higher quality of condensate as the resulting condensate does not mix with the product 0 condensation formed on the walls of the room (01). The flange (177) retains the condensate (164) inside the lower accumulator (017+) until it is removed by means of the condensate removal tube (;71) from port 1 (V1) in the plate (018) to the outside of the unit (VY) through the produced condensate removal port (174) in the bottom wall (OA) when the evaporative product to be condensed enters asl both ends of a long tube; non-gases will tend to The condensable 0 condensation is condensed at the far end of the tube and does not mix easily, as is the case in a large room when condensation occurs on the outer surface of the tube.Therefore, a means should be provided at the ends of the tubes to remove the non-condensable gas. With (VAY) nipples on the upper ends of the (VY) heat exchanger tubes, which made them sealed against steam leakage. 1_ The VAS extends and connects with each VAY so that non-condensable gases can flow from the VY tubes into the VAY tube (185). Non-condensable gases (VV) discharge with the drain manifold (084) extending through the non-condensable gas port (188) so that the non-condensable gases can flow from the drain manifold (184) out of the room (01) It is also known in art that it is a

11 - | - It is desirable to discharge non-condensable gases into a low-pressure bearing; For example, via an optional tube (+14) via an optional (Y4Y) port in the first bulkhead (?1). In © form, illustration of a distribution plug (001) inserted into the upper end of the Jay heat exchanger tube. (VY) distilled (0) into the plug of the (Yoo) stopper which is inserted into the M central channel (017) located inside the upper body (10) of the stopper and continues to flow into the central channel (YY The upper plug body (10;) has a diameter large enough to provide a vapor-tight seal with the heat exchanger tube (YY) when inserted into it. Two radial (0171) channels extend From the central channel (0107) to the (YA) Agila channel and transfer the distillate (10) from the 0 - central (YY) channel to the (YA) ring channel and down the oY A) The seal (001) continues as a lower seal body (701) with a diameter less than the diameter of the heat exchanger tube (77); thus creating a clearance (YY) between the outer surface of the lower seal body (+ (1)) and the inner surface of the L tube Heat exchanger (VY) The gap (117) should be large enough to allow the distillate (30) to flow from the annular channel (YA) and run off the tube of the heat exchanger (VY) 1_ and then bypass The lower plug body (701) and flows down onto the heat exchanger tube (VY) as a thin layer (011) film. Also, the clearance (VY) must be small enough to ensure that (+3) is distributed evenly. Around the surface of heat exchanger tube (YY) exchanger tube º TOA

1117 - ° - After certain forms of the present invention have been clarified and explained, it must be understood that this explanation should be taken in an illustrative or schematic sense only. There are many alternatives and clear modifications for those skilled in the art, which do not depart from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore we do not wish to limit ourselves to the exact details of the construction or operation of 0 _ given here; Rather, we would like to take advantage of such alternatives and modifications as they come through in the field of ancillary claims. for 0 TA

Claims (1)

117 - - The elements of protection 1-1 A multi-effect still still comprising many substantially identical Y units in series in a horizontal array; Where each of the aforementioned units produces a separate ¥ effect » Where each of the aforementioned units includes: - A vapor-tight chamber consisting of: 6 containment boxes with upper and lower walls, a first side wall and 1 second side wall; and two opposite ends open first and second and said containment box v has length and width determined by said upper and lower walls, first / side wall and said second side wall and the said bottom side wall 9 includes an opening to remove the fluids collected on said bottom side wall Yo and : 11 0 A first vertical baffle that extends the length and width of said containment box VY and closes said first end and said first baffle includes an opening; VY — f 0 1 vapor-tight first seal; It lies between the said first bulkhead, the upper and lower yo walls, the first side wall, and the said second side wall; 4 and VY is a vertical bulkhead JB that extends the length and width of said containment box and closes . YA The mentioned second party The mentioned second barrier includes an entry hole 4 to receive the blowdown distillate and the evaporation product to the aforementioned containment box 7 and eA Ve - m pile 0 YY a second vapor-tight leak located between said second baffle, upper and lower YY walls, first side wall and said second side wall; YY and Xe - many heat exchanger tubes oriented vertically located Ye within the said chamber above the said opening in the first said bulkhead and the said Ya tubes have upper ends and lower ends; said upper ends of said yv - tubes sealed against contact with the interior space 0160 of said ya containment box and z ya - tube sheet oriented horizontally and slotted into said chamber; where you are. The lower ends of said pipes are listed on said pipe nameplate; And 1 - an upper accumulator plate to collect the condensate that has flowed downwards on the outer surface of the said pipes; The means of the said upper accumulator YY is determined in part by the upper surface of the tube plate: said YE and the inner surface of the said first baffle; And b vo - means of the lower accumulator Jiu to collect the blowdown distilland and evaporation which would have flowed downwards on the inner surface © of the said pipes; The lower accumulator device is partly united by the lower surface of the vA-plate said tubes and the inner surface of the said first bulkhead The lower va accumulator device shall have an inner space sealed against the fluid connection with the inner space of the said containment box 6- and an outlet defined by the said hole in the said first bulkhead; And be. 1; The aforementioned entry hole in the aforementioned second barrier is aligned with the aforementioned outlet gy and is of a similar size to it. : -Vo- EV - means of removing condensate to drain the fluid from the means of the upper accumulator said upper accumulator ¢f and move it out of said steam-tight chamber; And gO - Dispensing medium for dispensing a thin film of distillate into tubes - mentioned at the mentioned upper extremities; And £V where the mentioned second baffle of a unit includes baffle ala first of a unit EA adjacent. 1 "- multi-effect still according to claim 0; where Y The aforementioned dispensing medium includes many plugs that secure the ends ¥ The said top of the said tubes against connection with the inner space of a box 3 containment; And where each of the mentioned payments includes the following: ° - an upper plug body of sufficient diameter to create an aie seal against vapor leakage - tight seal 1 when inserted into said upper end of one of said tubes; and where 7 The aforementioned upper seal body shall have an upper surface and a lower end (CA Sealy) with a thread (central channel A) extending axially from said upper surface to the lower end 1 mentioned; and z Ys - lower plug body with a smaller diameter than the diameter of the plug body 1 1 above mentioned. Where said lower plug body is coaxial with body VY said top plug and connected to said bottom end of top plug body The aforementioned L to form a cane link, and for this said link a ring channel 0 formed around and at least one radial channel extending from the central channel VE Said Yo to said ring channel. A º - 19 - V 1 - a multiple-effect still distiller comprising several substantially identical 0 units sequenced in an All matrix where each of the said 0 units produces a separate effect; And where each of the units ¢ mentioned includes the following: - 48 ° - 2 vapor-tight chamber consisting of: 1 ha container box with upper and lower walls, a side wall for the first and a side wall (ob) and two opposite ends first and second open; said containment box A has a length and width determined by the upper and lower walls q and the first side wall - and the said second side wall and includes a wall y. said lower side on the port to remove fluids collected on the wall of “1” said lower side; and a first vertical Js Sal that extends the length and width of the containment baffle e septum 17 L and closes the first said end It has an opening and a first vapor-tight seal. It lies between said first Vo partition, said upper and lower walls, first side wall, and said second side wall; And, 1 e, a second vertical barrier, Sie, along the length and width of the mentioned containment box, and the VA closes the mentioned second end, and it has an entry hole to enter the blowdown distillate and 4 evaporation products into the containment box (50583) Yeh, a second airtight seal for vapor is located between said second bulkhead, upper and lower 711 walls, first side wall, and said second side wall; and z TeA - 1 YY - Several vertically oriented heat exchanger tubes located yy inside said room jef said hole in said first barrier; And for the tubes YE mentioned upper limbs and lower limbs; Where the aforementioned upper limbs are tightened Yo of said pipes against contact with the inner part of said containment box and “© - a tube sheet oriented horizontally located within the said chamber; where the YY Insert said lower ends of said pipes into said pipe plate; And X A - an upper accumulator means to collect the condensate that has run out Catal down on the outer surface of said tubes; The means of the accumulator is determined ve upper accumulator 00 in part by the upper surface of said tube plate © and the inner surface of the first septum Cs Bottom blowdown accumulator means - YY ry 0 and the evaporation products that have flowed downward on the inner surface © for the mentioned pipes; The means of the lower accumulator is partly determined by the lower surface vo of said pipe plate and the inner surface of said first baffle; The YA bottom accumulator device shall have an inner space sealed against the fluid contact with the inner space of a box © said containment and exit defined by the said hole in the first bulkhead the aforementioned YA; The entry hole mentioned in the mentioned second barrier shall be aligned with *© - the aforementioned outlet hole and similar in size. Distland removal means for draining the fluid from a medium 1 The upper accumulator mentioned and moved it out of the containment box gy and 23 - Exhaust means pale to drain non-condensable gases from . TA A _ \ — ;; - the aforementioned upper ends of the aforementioned tubes outside the aforementioned containment box 7 and - the manifold means for placing the distillate on the outer surface of the tubes 7; - mentioned at the mentioned upper extremities; and £A - where the said second barrier for a unit includes a first barrier for an adjacent unit. 1- The multi-effect still distillation apparatus according to the element of protection (7) Y, where each of the units additionally includes a condensate remover Y device to drain the fluid from the lower accumulator device. the aforementioned accumulator ¢ and transfer it out of the aforementioned container box. - TA