SA517390194B1 - Condenser-evaporator tube - Google Patents

Abstract

Condenser-evaporator tube, in whose interior flows a vapor to be condensed and over which flows a liquid to be evaporated, where both inside and outside faces of this tube are covered with capillary structures configured for the formation of liquid menisci having a contact angle smaller than 90º where the liquid-vapor interface curves, which allows capillary condensation inside the tube and evaporation on the outside face at the upper end (25) of the liquid menisci where the liquid layer is thinnest and the evaporation most efficient. Fig 6

Description

CONDENSER-EVAPORATOR TUBE FULL DESCRIPTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a tube that functions as a condenser on its inner side and an evaporator on its outer side with a high capacity to transfer heat energy per surface unit and the difference in percentage temperature between the two sides, so it can be used in packaging and tube devices or other distillation apparatus.

The technical problem to be solved is that the tubes which act as a condenser on their inner side and as an evaporator on their outer side; of horizontal tubes of shell and tube heat exchanger; Reach low heat transfer coefficients per meter pipe surface and a difference in enthalpy temperature between the vapor flowing inside the pipe and the evaporating fluid on the outside surface of the pipe. In the case of casing and pipe exchangers, in particular with regard to desalination, as well

0 is used in multi-effect distillers; the coefficient of heat transfer for the horizontal tubes of these devices is less than 3 500 W/m² per centigrade temperature difference between the two sides of the tubes. This limitation in the energy transferred through the walls of the existing evaporator-condenser tubes limits the number of condensation-evaporator cycles that can be achieved with a power source at a given temperature such as steam flowing from a cogeneration plant and a low-temperature hot tub Jie seawater requiring surfaces including 5 Larger than the switch tubes inside Lag stills limit the total power that can be controlled by each still. General Description of the Invention The invention attempts to solve one or more of the above-mentioned problems by presenting a condenser-evaporator tube as shown in the protection elements.

in tube condenser - evaporator; The gaseous phase of the substance to be condensed flows inside a condenser-evaporator tube, and the fluid phase flows to be evaporated on the outside of the said tube. the inner surface is covered with an inner capillary surface designed to enable the fluid/vapor contact interface to bend due to the formation of a concave meniscus with contact angles smaller than 90° as this allows capillary condensation at a pressure lower than the vapor pressure and condensation fluid to collect; capillary condensate; In an evacuation channel in the lower gall of the inside of the condenser-evaporator tube. The condenser-evaporator tube has a feed channel on the outside of the top of the condenser-evaporator tube designed to feed the fluid into a capillary fitting covering the rest of the outer side of the tube designed to enable the fluid/vapour interface to bend due to the formation of a concave meniscus with a contact angle of less than 0 degrees and so on at the end of the curved contact interface that forms the meniscus surface; It exhibits the lowest possible thickness allowing for the most efficient evaporation process with a much lower thermal resistance than the thicker fluid bed. The condenser-evaporator tube provides a channel for feeding the water to be evaporated on the top of its outer side and a channel for removing water within the condenser side which can be mechanically coupled through an outer wall plate or 5 to form a tube condenser-evaporator. in addition to; The water feed channel may be mechanically coupled to the water removal channel by means of a support fitting allowing use of the walls of the condenser-evaporator tube which are thinner than the walls of a tube without the support fittings. Thinner walls allow a shorter heat path between the points of capillary condensation on the inner side and the meniscus surfaces of water on the stand-by evaporator on the outer side of the tube. The outer capillary structure 0 of the condenser-evaporator tube takes the form of micro-grooves, micro-grooves or micro-corrugations of predetermined width and depth. The outer and inner capillary structure of the condenser-evaporator tube forms capillaries of rectangular cross-section on opposite serrated planes where the existing meniscus surfaces separate

on the evaporated side on the outside of the adjacent meniscus surfaces on the condensed side on the inside

Remove the outer plate from the condenser-evaporator tube.

The outer and inner capillary structure of the condenser-evaporator tube forms serrated capillary channels on

A triangular shape on the opposite notched planes where the meniscus on the evaporated side from the outside is separated from the adjacent meniscus on the condensed side from the inside by the shim of the plate

The outer tube of the condenser - the evaporator.

The condenser-evaporator tube may be covered with a layer of sintered metal, mesh or other porous composition

To cover the inner side of the condenser-evaporator tube so that capillary condensation forms in spaces

minute joint within that porous structure.

The tube condenser-evaporator can be mechanically coupled with a pulsating device to generate pulses to the fluid that is fed to the feed duct above the tube condenser-evaporator to create uniform overflows of fluid on the outside of the tube condenser-evaporator. A group of condenser-evaporator tubes are mechanically connected to form a distillation apparatus. The tube condenser-evaporator shows a high capacity of heat transfer per unit surface of the tube

5 and the difference in centigrade temperature between the inner side and the outer side of the tube. BRIEF EXPLANATION OF DRAWINGS A more detailed explanation of the invention may be found in the following description in combination with the accompanying figures: Figure 1 is a cross-section view of the condenser-evaporator tube with a layer of annealed metal covering the inner side acting as a condenser and drain channel for the condensate;

0 Figure 2 is a cross-section view of the condenser-evaporator tube with a feed channel for the fluid flowing into the capillary structure on the outer side of the tube and an evacuation connector for the condensate fluid inside the condenser-evaporator tube. It is also found that the inner wall of the condenser-evaporator tube contains

A group of fine grooves, grooves, or corrugations fixed perpendicular to the axis of the condenser-evaporator tube. Figure 3 are alternate cross-sections of the condenser-evaporator tube with circular and elliptical walls.

Figure 4 is a cross-section view of an alternate condenser-evaporator tube. Wail shows the outer side of the condenser-evaporator tube wall with a sequence of micro-cavities, micro-grooves, spiral or sloping micro-corrugations on the tube axis. Figure 5 is a cross-section view of a condenser-evaporator tubes nested so that the fluid to be evaporated from the feed channel flows through a capillary structure covering the outer side of the top of the tube

0 Condenser - evaporator until excess feed fluid in the feed channel is drained from the condenser tube - Figure 6 is a longitudinal cross-section view of a condenser tube wall - evaporator with fine grooves on the inner and outer side to form a uniformly serrated plane so that concave meniscus surfaces form on both sides of the tube Condenser - the evaporator so that the meniscus surface that corresponds to the evaporating fluid is centered

5 1 on the outer side at a short thermal distance faa from the meniscus formed by the fluid CAA on the inner side of the condenser-evaporator tube; FIG. 7 is a longitudinal cross-section view of a condenser-evaporator tube wall with fine grooves on the inner and outer side to form a la shape or fortified plane such that the meniscus corresponding to the evaporated fluid is centered on the outer side at a short thermal distance faa from the surface

0 The meniscus formed by the fluid condensate on the inner side of the condensate-evaporator tube; Figure 8 is a longitudinal cross-section view of a condenser-evaporator tube wall having fine grooves on the inner and outer side to form to form a lattice or fortified plane such that concave meniscus surfaces form on both sides of the condenser-evaporator tube so that the meniscus corresponding to the evaporating fluid is centered on the side The outer surface is at a short thermal distance, faa, from the surface

the meniscus formed by the fluid condensing within the plasticizer or other porous structure on the inner side of the condenser-evaporator tube; Figure 9 is a cross-section view of a set of advanced casing distiller tubes and tubes where the fluid to be evaporated flows on the outer side of the special thick walls

with CESK-evaporator tubes in a water layer on the condenser-evaporator tube;

Fig. 10 is a cross-section view of a set of condenser-evaporator tubes within a shell-and-tube device where the fluid to be evaporated on the outer side of the thin walls of the condenser-evaporator tube flows to flow out of the evacuation channel and drains in order into the evaporative feed channel of the condenser-evaporator channel next;

Fig. 11 is a cross-section view of a condenser-evaporator tube with an internal support plate centered between the feed duct and the evacuation duct within the condenser-evaporator tube and with panels or shutter walls attached to the feed and evacuation duct on the outside of the condenser-evaporator tube. The panels may be or Said enclosure walls are less kale than normal pipe walls as they do not need to bear structural forces;

5 Fig. 12 Ble of a cross-section view of a condenser-evaporator tube having a support fitting formed by mechanically bonding the feed duct and the evacuation duct with outer plates attached to the condenser-evaporator tube with shuttering panels or walls needing not support the structural forces of the tube; Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of a heat exchange tube wall where, when used as a condenser-evaporator tube, the meniscus formed on the outside evaporator side is centered at a distance

0 long thermals from the meniscus formed on the inner condensation side; FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the inner side of a micro-groove with a concave meniscus surface with a contact angle of less than 90° and the area of the meniscus where the fluid dads range from 50 nm to 10 μm is the area in which the evaporation process takes place most efficiently; And

Figure 15 is a cross-section view of a condenser-evaporator tube assembly of a lily jacket distiller corresponding to the condenser-evaporator tubes shown in Figure 10 with an installation figure supporting a tube group 0 Detailed description:

Figures 1 to 4 show a condenser-evaporator tube for evaporating and condensing solutions of water and other fluids where the meniscus contact angle is less than 90 degrees; which acts as a condenser on the inner side of the tube and an evaporator on the outer side of the tube; Where the inner side is covered with a capillary structure and the meniscus surfaces of the capillary fluid have an arc contact interface between the fluid and the vapor and where the vapor of the fluid can condense at a pressure lower than the vapor pressure and the condensed fluid is discharged

0. through evacuation channel 2; and where the outer side is covered with a capillary structure where the fluid to be evaporated has meniscus surfaces with a curved fluid-vapour interface and evaporation has taken place at the upper end 25; see Figure 14; from the fluid meniscus surface; A thinner layer of fluid is formed and the yal process is more efficient. Ga, of Fig. 11; The pipe may contain an inner plate 14 and an outer plate 23 for structural support so that:

5 Gla-active walls 22 may be thinner than tube walls requiring supportive structural loads and may take 22 different designs that minimize the heat path between a fluid meniscus within a micro-groove on the evaporation side and a capillary condensation zone on the condensation side. The condenser-evaporator tube which is the object of the patent cod can be used in new and specially designed distillation apparatus and can be used instead of the tubes in the cod

0 existing distillation as horizontal piping for a jacketed distillation system and the tubes currently running following the thin water dish model and this substitution allowed to maintain the large pressure del and all surrounding infrastructure of that lial while doubling the thermal efficiency of those modified apparatus.

The condenser-evaporator tube contains a capillary structure that covers the inner condensing side of the tube, where a fluid crescent surface is formed at a contact angle of less than 90 degrees, and is confined within the mentioned capillary structure, and the interface between the fluid and the vapor is curved. The curvature of the interface between the fluid and the vapor on the condensing side indicates the condensation of water vapor or fluid AT 5 inside the capillaries at a pressure less than the vapor pressure 3, which is a well-known phenomenon that agrees with Kelvin's law and facilitates the condensation of the vapor fluid. To avoid the accumulation of condensate inside the condenser-evaporator tube and to prevent the floating of the capillary structure from blocking the capillary condensation capacity; The condenser-evaporator comprises an evacuation duct 2 positioned on the underside of the condensate-evaporator tube to evacuate fluid from the capillary condensation zone discouraging water build-up that may block capillary condensation. The evacuation channel 2 can be omitted and the lower part of the tube is sacrificed for fluid storage and evacuation; Lai The addition of the evacuation channel 2 prevents annular flows or other types of buoyancy of the condensate inside the tube that may cover the capillary structure of the tube from the inside; In order to improve the ability of the inner side to perform the condenser function and improve the thermal properties of the device in general. The condenser-evaporator tube has a capillary structure covering the outer side of the condenser-evaporator tube; So that a meniscus surface is made of saline or AT fluid to create a contact angle 4 of less than 90° and to form a curved contact interface between the fluid and the vapor. The upper part of the fluid meniscus is a narrow region 25 See Fig. 14; where the water represents a lesser layer and where the fluid evaporates very easily (Hl among other factors) because there is a very thin 0 layer of water between the metal wall of the capillary structure and the curved fluid-vapor contact interface that covers the outer part of the meniscus surface. to distribute the fluid within Capillary structure covering outer gall of tube wall; condenser-evaporator tube has feed channel 4; see figures 1 to 5.

when the water to be evaporated contains organic matter which may form a residue or when it is a solution which is likely to form a solid residue; Such as sea water to avoid the formation of solid and organic residues inside the capillary structures covered with Jie. A plasticized structure that may become clogged; The capillary structure on the outer surface of the condenser-evaporator tube consists of fine grooves with a width and depth of less than 0.8 mm perpendicular 3, inclined or spiral 3 to the axis of the condenser-evaporator tube. The fine grooves extend to the bottom of the feed channel 4 where by capillary expansion; Water enters and flows into the tiny grooves; See Figures 2 and 4. The fluid in the feed channel 4 can be fed by regular pulsations caused by a pulsating mechanism mechanically coupled to the condenser-evaporator tube so that the flow of the fluid inside the feed channel 4 increases regularly to form a layer of fluid on the outside of the condenser-evaporator tube 0 to achieve two objectives: to draw out residue accumulations which form on the outer surface of the tube and moisten the entire outer surface of the tube to prevent dry zones within the evaporator capillary structures. The frequency of this float is limited by the frequency of the presence of dry areas and the presence of solid residue oly over lly where the pulse repetition rate depends mainly on the design of the capillary structure which determines the flow rate of the fluid within the micro-grooving and on the power flow of the device. This means that the pulse rate is determined by the design of the distillation apparatus. According to Figures 6 to 8; The wall of the condenser-evaporator tube may take different levels such as notched planes, etc. to form new basins on both sides of the condenser-evaporator tube wall, where the interface between the fluid and the vapor that covers the upper part of the crescent surfaces 9, 10, 16, and 17 is curved in the shape of La leads to Make the thermal paths 11 0 and 15 between the evaporation point and the condensing point short and correspond to the wall thickness of the condenser-evaporator tube. The heat paths 11 and 15 are shorter than the heat path in a fine-finished heat exchange tube or other surface extension if used as a condenser-evaporator tube as shown in Figure 13. The heat exchanger needs to increase the contact surface Vay from prioritizing the curvature of the interface Contact between the fluid and the vapor by means of a capillary structure in which the meniscus surfaces 5 of the fluid Bg are formed as necessary for the function of the tube to be an efficient condenser-evaporator.

For Figures 10 through 12” the condenser-evaporator tube has an inner plate 14 or outer plate 23 agi by mechanically connecting the feed duct 12 to the evacuation duct 13 and an outer plate or wall 2. The inner plate 14 or outer plate 23 are internal fittings or External The structural forces of the condenser-evaporator tube, Gy, support its design, where the outer wall is 22 with a low thickness, Bl, because it does not play the role of a mechanical support. and lean on it; be the active tube wall

Thermally 22 cm less than the thickness of the horizontal tubes of advanced aluminum alloys whose Ws range from 1 mm to 0.7 mm resulting in lower thermal resistance. slg on it; We, Juans, on a condenser-evaporator tube with a capillary structure that covers the inner wall die, allowing the bending of the interface between the fluid and the vapor, and the condensation is a capillary condensation that is

0 Evacuated by means of an evacuation channel 2 with a capillary structure on the outer side of the pipe where the fluid has meniscus surfaces with a contact angle of less than 90 degrees associated with a curved contact interface between the fluid and the vapor where the evacuation takes place from zone 25 where the fluid layer shows its lowest dads. The condenser-evaporator tube shall be of a design that places the upper gall surface of the fluid 16 on the evaporating side in front with the upper gall surface of the condensate 17 on the condensing side where the

5 capillary condensation process»; So that the thermal path 15 between the point of evaporation and the point of condensation is also reduced by reducing the elas of the thermally active wall 22 that rests on the internal support installation 14 or the external 3 and by carrying the structural forces of the condenser-evaporator tube. The condenser-evaporator tube made of alloys of aluminum, copper or other metals with low thermal resistance increases; On average, about 20,000 watts per meter (ge).

0 and the difference in the Celsius temperature between the two sides of the condenser-evaporator tube, where Jal thermal coefficients may reach more than 60,000 watts per square meter, and the difference in the Celsius temperature may be more than that. 25 Considering that the layers of water or other fluids are thicker than the thin layers formed at the edges of the meniscus surfaces of water or other fluids, they are layers that limit the factors that

5 energy transfer protocol; Fluid feeding should be achieved on the outer side of the condenser-fluid tube

neatly without fluid splashing or uncontrolled overflows. to fulfill that requirement; The condenser-evaporator tubes can be arranged in rows; As shown in Figure 5; So that the fluid flowing on the outside of the breach channel 2 13 from the condenser-evaporator tube falls into the feed channel 4 12 of the condenser-evaporator tube below.

As shown in Figure 1; and in greater detail in Figure 8; The inner side of the condenser-evaporator tube may be lined with sinter, mesh or filament 18 so that capillary condensation takes place within the enclosed spaces of that installation maintaining a short thermal distance 15 from the fluid meniscus surfaces of the fluid on the evaporating side 16. The best volume ratio is achieved And the surface of the switch with fittings is circular in shape, so it may be >

0 Tubing is round 5 or elliptical, extended 6 or flat 7. Replacing the MED multi-effect distillation tube assembly with this patented tubing set allows the transfer coefficients (gall) of these MED plants to be doubled for better performance. Replacing the existing horizontal tubes found in these distillation facilities with condenser-evaporator tubes

5 provided for in this patent by using many of the other components of the existing multi-effect distillation plant and allowing at the same time to double the units of watts transmitted per unit surface of the tube and the difference in temperature Celsius, thereby doubling the distillation capacity of the facility and reducing the necessary difference in temperature In each effect, increasing the number of effects, reducing the energy cost per unit of distilled water or doubling the volume of water desalinated per unit.

0 effect or any combination of these possible effects. As illustrated in Figure 9; With horizontal tube assemblies developed in MED facilities a layer of water 19 is poured onto the tubes which act as evaporators on the outer side and condensers on the inner side. As illustrated in Figure 10, the condenser-evaporator tube assembly provided for in The present invention is the tube assembly

— 2 1 — State-of-the-art JMED Facility Figure 10 shows how excess brine is poured into the capillary grooves that cover the outer side of the next condenser-evaporator tube. This group of condenser-evaporator tubes is reinforced with fittings 23 bearing the condenser-evaporator tubes.

Claims (1)

Protection Elements 1- Condenser tube — evaporator tube inside which vapor flows to be condensed and liquid flows over it to be evaporated jee evaporated because both the inside and outside faces are covered The faces of this tube are capillary structures configured to form liquid menisci with a contact angle of 5 less than 90 ° Cua The liquid-vapor interface of the liquid menisci is curved along its entire length; which allows capillary condensation inside the tube and evaporation on the outside face at the upper end of 600 upper (25) liquid menisci where the liquid layer is thinner and 007 evaporation is more effective; Wherein the evaporator hinge body (10;16) is separated from the contiguous 0 hinge body (9¢ 17) by a thermal path (11;15) corresponding to the thickness of the plate forming the wall of the condenser-evaporator tube. 2 - Condenser—evaporator tube of claim 1; It is characterized by the fact that it includes a feeding channel (4) that extends the liquid 0010a) to be evaporated over the outer face of the tube, where it penetrates the capillary structure of the outer face in order to direct the liquid in an orderly manner through the channel. within this capillary structure .capillary structure 3- Condenser—evaporator tube of claim 1; It is characterized by the fact that 0 includes an evacuation channel (2) located in the lower inner part of this tube through which the condensed liquid in capillary structures is discharged. 4— Tube Condenser—evaporator tube according to claim 3 wherein 5 feeding channel (4); (12) are mechanically coupled to the discharge channel Evacuation channel (2(¢) (13) via external plate means (23) mechanically supporting the condenser tube— .evaporator tube 5- Condenser—evaporator tube of claim 3; Where the feeding channel (4)” (12) is mechanically coupled to the evacuation channel (2)” (13) via internal dad means internal plate (14) configured for mechanical support Supporting tube for evaporator condenser— .evaporator tube 6— Condenser—evaporator tube of claim 4; It is characterized by the fact that the walls (22) act as a condenser from the inside and an evaporator from the outside made of a low thermal resistance thin metal layer less than 0.7 mm thick. 7- Condenser tube Condenser—evaporator tube according to Claims 1; it is characterized by a capillary structure on the outside face in the form of microgrooves or micro-undulations of predetermined depths. The width is smaller than 0.8 mm. channels opposite rectangular cross section in crenellated aug profile 25 separating the evaporating meniscus (16) from the adjacent contiguous condensing meniscus (17) through the path — 5 1 — thermal path (15) corresponding to the thickness of the sheet that forms the wall of the condenser-evaporator tube. 9- Condenser-evaporator tube according to the elements Protection 1: As the internal and external capillary structures of an evaporated condenser tube form capillary channels 5 opposite to the triangular cross section of the file corrugated in the form of a sawtooth profile. 0- Condenser—evaporator tube According to claims 8, where 0 the inner face of the condenser evaporator tube is lined with a sintered layer, mesh or other porous structure (18) so that capillary condensation occurs within the narrow spaces within this porous structure. 1- Condenser-evaporator tube according to For protection element 6; Cua thin walls (22) are made by stamping a thin metal plate. 2- Condenser—evaporator tube jaw of claim 4; Cua Pulsating mechanism is mechanically coupled to the condenser-evaporator tube in order to provide pulses of liquid fed to the feed channel (4) resulting in periodic flows of liquid flowing on the outer surface of the tube 13— Condenser—evaporator tube in accordance with Claims 1; Cua A set of condenser and evaporator tubes are mechanically coupled to form a distillation apparatus. 4 - A method for condensing and evaporating liquids, comprising: 5 supplying vapor condensing into a condensing evaporator tube; tube condenser-evaporator comprising capillary structures covering the inner and outer surfaces; Provide liquid on the outer surface of the condenser evaporator tube; This method is characterized by the fact that the method includes shaping by means of capillary structures; The liquid meniscus in the inner and outer faces of this tube with capillary structures that have been configured to form liquid menisci with a contact angle ud less than 90" Cua. The liquid vapor interface of the liquid meniscus is curved along its entire length; which Capillary condensation is allowed inside the tube and evaporation on the outside face. At the upper end of 600 upper (25) of the Cua liquid menisci, the liquid layer is thinner and evaporation is more ailes, where the evaporating articular body (16 ¢ 10) is separated from the adjacent articular body (9 » 17) by thermal path (11); 15) corresponds to the thickness of the plate that forms the wall of the condenser-evaporator tube. 5- Method Uy of protection 14) wherein the condenser evaporator tube includes a feed channel (4) for supplying the liquid to be evaporated onto the outer surface of the condenser evaporator tube; where the liquid is supplied over the outer surface of the tube which includes the condenser evaporator tube cup ll by means of a pulsating mechanism mechanically coupled to the condenser evaporator tube; by periodic pulsations of liquid into the feed duct (4) 5 so that periodic flows of flowing liquid are created on the outer surface of the condenser-evaporator tube. 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SE 77 i 1): since i ©. 81 i 3 ik a H k '3 Ra $3 Ei 1 d : or T= x 1 : 0 : p & > 8 ¥ to 3 ve Eh Nd NA Bh k 2ite = Sued Authority for Intellectual Property RE .¥ + \ A 0 § 8 Ss o + < M SNE A J > E K J TE I UN BE Ca a a a ww > Ld Ed H Ed - 2 Ld, provided that the annual financial consideration is paid for the patent and that it is not null and void for violating any of the provisions of the patent system, layout designs of integrated circuits, plant varieties and industrial designs, or its implementing regulations. Ad Issued by + bb 0.b The Saudi Authority for Intellectual Property > > > This is PO Box 1011 .| for ria 1*1 v= ; Kingdom | Arabic | For Saudi Arabia, SAIP@SAIP.GOV.SA