SA05260276B1 - Gypsum with increased resistance to permanent deformation, method and composition for its production - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract: The invention provides a product containing quick-setting gypsum having an increased resistance to permanent permanent deformation, and provides a method for preparing it, which method includes forming a mixture consisting of calcium sulfate, water, and an appropriate amount of a promoter and one or more of the promoters being Choose from phosphoric acids, each of which ignites two or more units of phosphoric acid, and salts or ions of condensed phosphates, each of which contains two or more units of phosphate. The mixture is then maintained under conditions sufficient to produce calcium sulfate to form quick-setting gypsum.

Description

Gypsum with increased resistance to permanent deformation, method and formula for its production Full description Background of the invention This application is a partial application of Application No. 44191787, which was filed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on 19/17/19 H corresponding to 4/06 153/0 A.D. This invention relates to a method and composition for preparing products containing pre-existing gypsum, such as gypsum boards. reinforced gypsum composite panels; plastering; machinable materials; ALE materials for processing; aggregate processing materials; And soundproofing tiles ¢ and methods and installations for their production. And in more particular; This invention is concerned with products containing preformed gypsum that are characterized by their increased resistance to deformation (such as resistance to loosening (Me) by using one or more reinforcing materials. Some of the preferred embodiments of the invention concern the manufacture of these products by hydration of calcined gypsum in the presence of Reinforced The solidified gypsum produced by the aforementioned hydration gives additional strength, resistance to continuous deformation (such as resistance to loosening, for example), and far stability (such as non-shrinkage during drying of the gypsum).The reinforcing material also provides other improved properties and advantages that assist in the preparation of products containing gypsum.In an alternative embodiment of the invention Gypsum gypsum is treated with one or more reinforcing materials to give it additional strength Resistance vo to continuous deformation Je (resistance to loosening) Dimensional stability dmb Other properties and advantages are improved in products The products containing gypsum contain high concentrations Relatively from chloride salts, which works to avoid the harmful effects of the concentrations of these salts in gypsum-containing products in general.

Gypsum is included in many common useful products (calcium sulfate dihydrate) as an important and often main ingredient. It is noted, for example, that gypsum is the main component of gypsum boards with a paper surface that are used in the construction of interior walls and ceilings of buildings (see, for example, American Patent No. 7; and American Patent No. (YAACOV).

d Gypsum is also the main ingredient in cellulose fiber / gypsum composite panels and their products (LS) described in US Patent No. 07777. The products used to fill and smooth the joints between the edges of the Sule gypsum boards also contain large amounts of gypsum (see, for example, US Patent No.

(TYAVTL) . Acoustic tiles used in suspended ceilings may have proportions

0 tbsp of gypsum as described in US Patent Nos. 848478 and 17 7 . Traditional plasters are generally used as those used for cladding the interior walls. on the formation of gypsum. It contains many specialized materials such as those used in

The forming and molding described in US Patent No. 98746064 on principal amounts of gypsum. The majority of these gypsum-containing products are prepared with a mixture of he calcined gypsum (calcined gypsum hemihydrate) and/or calcium sulfate anhydrite and water (and other components if necessary); The mixture was poured into a mold in the required shape or on the surface of an eye and left the mixture to dry with suspicion by the interaction of calcined gypsum with water to form calcium sulfate dihydrate. This is usually followed by moderate heating to expel the remaining water (which did not enter into the reaction) to produce the product. There is no doubt that all gypsum-containing products previously described can be improved by increasing the strength of their gypsum crystal structures to increase their resistance to stresses that may be subjected to them. YAAY

- Efforts are continuing to reach gypsum-containing products characterized by their light weight by replacing their components with low-density materials (expanded perlite and/or air cavities). These cases require an increase in the strength of the gypsum to above normal levels in order to maintain the overall strength of the product at the levels of the previous high-density product.

This is in addition to the need for greater resistance to continuous deformation (such as resistance to loosening, for example) in the structure of many of those products containing gypsum, especially in conditions of high temperature and humidity or under the influence of loads. It may be difficult for the naked eye to perceive a relaxation of less than 4 9,? cm twice in the length of the gypsum board. Therefore, there is a need for gypsum-containing products that are resistant to continuous deformation throughout their use. The observant

For example, storing or using gypsum-containing panels or tiles is done in a horizontal position; If the amount of gypsum in these products is not sufficiently resistant to deformation, especially in conditions of high humidity, temperature or excessive loads; These products may begin to sag

The places confined between the places where they are fixed or supported; Which may lead to difficulties in using it.

And in many uses of gypsum-containing products; Must be able to bear

ve loads; Like insulation and condensation loads, for example, without the slightest relaxation. This underscores the continuing need for

Gypsum products with additional resistance to continuous deformation (such as resistance to loosening).

olla Lad's need for greater dimensional stability of gypsum in gypsum-containing products during

Its production, processing and use 0, especially in conditions of change of temperature and humidity, during which gypsum may expand or contract. For example, moisture in the inter-crystalline spaces of gypsum may lead to

3 The gypsum boards or tiles reinforced with high humidity and its high degree exacerbate the problem of loosening as a result of the expansion of the Led board with moisture. Also, when preparing gypsum products, a quantity of water (which did not participate in the reaction) remains in the product even after the gypsum has been formed. This water is usually disposed of YAAY

Ce by quiet heating, where water evaporates from the interstitial spaces, and then the gypsum tends to shrink. And if it is possible to restore dimensional stability or reduce it to a minimum level; Various benefits can then be achieved; For example; Gypsum board production methods may lead to more production if the boards do not shrink to more accurate shapes and dimensions (for example, they are used in molding). Also, for example, this leads to the non-cracking of the gypsum surfaces of the interior walls during drying, which makes it possible to use thicker layers without cracks or cracks than if multiple thin layers were used over long periods. varies from one layer to another. Certain other boards of gypsum-containing products result in certain other problems. For example, low-density gypsum-containing products are produced using foaming agents to form water bubbles from different types of fine-textured calcined gypsum mortars (aqueous mixtures 0. flowable) which results in cavities in the product before gypsum can form and this is often a problem; Because the aqueous foams I use are not necessarily stable and therefore many bubbles may coalesce or coalesce and leak out of the relatively thin slurry (like bubbles in a bubble bath) before the gypsum forms; Which leads to the use of certain concentrations of foaming agents to produce the required density. Undoubtedly, this leads to increased costs vo and the risk of adverse effects of chemical foaming agents on the components or other properties of gypsum-containing products. It is desirable to have the ability to reduce the amount of foaming agent. There is also a need for new and improved formulations and methods to produce gypsum-containing products from mixtures containing high concentrations (at least 8000 percent by weight on a weight basis x. or its ions. These may be chloride salts or ions in the mixture) in calcium sulfate

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— 4+ __ salts of chloride in the form of impurities in calcium sulfate water (research water or salt water that contains subsurface water) used in the mixture). New and improved formulations and methods for curing gypsum are also needed in order to improve strength, resistance to continuous deformation (eg loosening) and dimensional stability.

0 and so on; There remains an ongoing need for new and improved gypsum-containing product ¢ and for combinations of methods for its production that overcome or avoid the aforementioned problems; or limit them and this invention meets these requirements. General description of the invention

This invention focuses on compositions and methods for preparing gypsum-containing products that meet

0 requirements mentioned above. Each embodiment of the invention covers one or more of these requirements. The product of the invention containing gypsum with increased resistance to deformation is prepared based on the invention by forming a mixture of “calcium sulfate” and water. and an appropriate amount of one or more of the

The reinforcing materials selected from: intensive phosphoric acids; each comprising two or more units of phosphoric acids ¢ and salts or ions of attached phosphates 000080560 containing

.phosphates each have 2 or more units of 1

The mixture remains in sufficient conditions for the material, calcium sulfate, to form the improved gypsum. Based on what is stated here; Calcium sulfate anhydrite 5 means “calcium sulfate” i.e. calcium sulfate hemihydrate ¢ or calcium sulfate dihydrate ¢ or calcium ions or calcium sulfate

or mixtures of any or all of them. YAAY

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Most of them are calcium sulfate and it is noted in some embodiments of the invention + that a substance and in these cases; All reinforcing materials will work on - calcium sulfate hemihydrate to give formed gypsum increased resistance to continuous deformation; However, some boosters (such as STMP salts) (indicated by the following symbols sodium trimetaphosphate : anionic portions or their portions are phosphate units and contain 5-77 sodium hexametaphosphate units 0 001.0-0001 It contains ammonium polyphosphate and SHMP + (Denoted by ; will lead to frequent APP (also denoted by symbols) phosphate units APP loosening resistance phosphate units provide LS. A preferred benefit is a greater increase in the resistance to loosening of trimetaphosphate, > when added at a quarter of an equal concentration of STMP to that yield using STMP sodium sodium 0 trimetaphosphate jon and, in some preferred embodiments of this invention, this is achieved by the addition of To a mixture of calcined gypsum and water that will be used for the production of products containing beta calcium gypsum, i.e. “alpha calcium sulfate hemihydrate” Lia (meaning gypsum is incoming lime, or mixtures of any of them, or 0 for soluble BE calcium sulfate anhydrite 4 “sulfate hemihydrate reacts Lorie . ) calcium sulfate dihydrate + Lied! Without expectation, calcined gypsum water in the mixture with calcined gypsum increases its strength and resistance to continuous deformation (resistance to loosening, for example), and its dimensional stability + rimetaphosphate ion increases compared to gypsum made of a mixture that does not include a rate retardant (APP Ji) trimetaphosphate ion in addition; It was found, without expectation, that it works to delay the formation rate of gypsum and even reduce the strength of phosphate or phosphoric 0 trimetaphosphate ion lub component gypsum ¢ and this is true for the majority of these materials, but in general some models of the invention provide a method for producing A product that contains gypsum of strength

VAAY a. It includes: the formation of an increasing mixture of 0; resistance to continuous deformation (such as resistance to loosening) and dimensional stability with the mixture being retained in trimetaphosphate; water and 1007 calcined gypsum of calcined gypsum under conditions (for example, a temperature preferably less than about 48.4 °C) sufficient for the calcined gypsum to transform into gypsum; ° In some preferred embodiments of the invention there is a method for producing a board Of gypsum comprising a middle layer of gypsum sandwiched between sheets of covering paper or other material. The slab is made by forming a flowable mixture (a thin-bodied mortar) of calcined gypsum. And the water “trimetaphosphate ion” that settles between the chips of the bay cover allows the group to suspect; And dry.

CIE and by providing all the desired improved properties of the product board, which are represented by an increase of 1 and resistance to continuous deformation (such as resistance to loosening); dimensional stability; It was observed, for unknown reasons, that when the board got wet for any reason or because it was not completely dry during production; The bond between the middle gypsum layer and the covering chips (usually paper); Its strength decreases and may even fade even if the board contains a typical starch that is not amenable to pre-gelatinization (starch modified with acid, for example), which usually contributes to a better integration of the paper bonding with the middle layer, which prevents the covering papers from separating from the board. And fortunately; This invention has found the solution to this problem. It is possible to avoid this problem by adding gelatinized starch in advance to the thin-bodied slurry, as this starch is quickly distributed through the middle layer of gypsum. As noted without expectation; That is. It serves to prevent or avoid the weakening of the bond between the middle layer and the covering chips. 0 YAAY

Therefore, this invention is presented in some of its models. Composition and method for producing an improved gypsum board. The composition includes a mixture of water; plastered gypsum; and trimetaphosphate jon » and pre-gelatinized starch 0 The method includes forming the aforementioned mixture ¢ and pouring it between the chips and then leaving the group to form and dry completely. And in cases where it is required to produce a gypsum board characterized by its light weight; This invention presents a combination of; And a way to achieve it. The composition includes a mixture of water; calcined gypsum trimetaphosphate ions “calcined gypsum” and aqueous foam; While the method involves forming the said mixture; and pour it between the covering chips; And leave this group to Tchk and dry. With this composition and that method, a lightweight board is available because the water foam bubbles work to provide 0 air gaps in the middle layer of gypsum plaster in the produced board, and the overall strength of the board is usually stronger than that of the boards produced with the previous technology. It is noted, for example, that the ceiling panels, which are 90.8 cm thick and made according to what was mentioned in this invention, are characterized by resistance to continuous deformation (e.g. sagging). The superiority of ceiling panels made according to the previous installations and methods, and thus this invention presents Lal ceiling panels characterized by its low costs to a large extent. Vo It was noted, without expectation, that there is another benefit as a result of the inclusion of trimetaphosphate jon in mixtures that contain lead containing aqueous foam, which is represented in increasing the number of air gaps in the amount of aqueous foam unit used. The reason for this is unknown, Lind, but the useful result is that a lower foaming coefficient should be used in order to obtain the required amount of air voids in the product containing plaster. This, in turn, leads to lower production costs as well as lower x adverse effects of foaming chemical treatments on the components or other properties of the product containing gypsum. VAAY

1. This invention presents, in its models, a composite board that includes gypsum and a reinforcing substance. It is prepared by: forming or pouring a mixture on a gypsum surface, and this mixture includes the reinforcing substance. and water; And a masking amount of one or more of the reinforcement materials selected from ¢ calcium sulfate “phosphoric acids” as a thickener. each comprising two units a greater than phosphoric acids each comprising two units or condensed phosphates ons and more or ° calcium ; After that, the mixture is left in sufficient conditions to form more phosphate than phosphate. To sulfate gypsum The invention also provides a composite board that includes gypsum and sulfate particles; At least part of the gypsum is placed in and around the gaps within the host particles. The board is prepared by forming or pouring a mixture on the surface wherein the mixture includes: the host particles and hemi 0 part of which at least is in the form of crystals in the vacuoles of Cus calcium sulfate hemihydrate and around the host particles; Water and an appropriate amount of one or more substances selected from the group phosphoric acid thickener, each of which contains two or more units of phosphoric acids consisting of . phoshates thereof on two units or more of phosphate JS condensed phosphate ions and salts or ¢ to form gypsum where calcium sulfate hemihydrate and then leave the mixture in a sufficient envelope so that the gypsum part works in and around the gaps inside Family particles on liquefaction crystals. and around All) in the particle gaps calcium sulfate hemihydrate The invention also provides a product that can be formed by mechanisms containing gypsum; It is prepared ¢ calcium sulfate redispersed in water and polymer by forming a mixture comprising starch ¢ and particle adsorbent phosphoric acids: water; And an appropriate amount of one or more of the boosters selected from 0 and the mixture is left in sufficient conditions, phoshates, each of which includes two or more units of phosphate. Form the required calcium sulfate gypsum for VAAY

11- It is used in finishing a set gypsum joint. The invention also presents a product containing gypsum sandwiched between the edges of two gypsum boards. The product is prepared by inserting into the joint a mixture consisting of an element and an appropriate amount of elas; calcium sulfate binder; a thickening agent; and non-levelling coefficients ¢ and a thickener, each of which contains phosphoric acids, one or more of the reinforcement materials selected from a thickener, each of which contains phosphate ions and salts or “phosphoric acid” two or more units of a and leaves The mixture then, in sufficient conditions, phosphate two or more units of phosphate.set gypsum material to be the calcium sulfate gypsum material. mineral wool, gelatinized starch or pouring mixture into a tray containing gelatinized starch; water; and an appropriate amount of one or more calcium sulfate boosters for Sausage and Wool 0; phosphoric acid thickeners each comprising two or more units of phosphoric acids purified from a stack each containing two or more units of phosphate ions 0 and salts to form a gypsum material calcium sulfate; The mixture is then left in sufficient envelopes for phosphate. Doubt The invention also provides another type of soundproof tiles containing gypsum and Vo; and gelatinized starch particles prepared by forming or pouring into a tray a mixture comprising suitable gelatinized starch of | sia ¢, water, extended calcium sulfate, “fiber reinforcing agents” and a thickener, each of which contains two units of phosphoric acids, and one or more reinforced materials selected from a thickener, each of which contains two units of phosphate ions and salts or “phosphoric acid” or more of calcium and thereafter; The mixture is left in sufficient conditions for a substance. phosphate or more than phosphate Y. . set gypsum material sale gypsum to be sulfate

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1- It contains gypsum which is made by forming a mixture of Laie reinforcement and the invention is also presented with more specificity; These embodiments include the treatment of 0, calcium sulfate hemihydrate water and gypsum that has been poured with a reinforcing material. The post-treatment process can be accomplished by adding the booster, either by spraying or by impregnating (soaking) with the booster. And the reinforcing material in this case can be selected, each of which includes one or more phosphoric acids: from the group consisting of 0 thickeners, each of which contains two or more units of phosphate ions or salts and » phosphoric acid monophosphate orthophoshates Sys dons and monobasic salts or ¢ phosphate phosphate. Equivalence Some models of the invention provide a formula and a method for producing products containing gypsum from mixtures containing high concentrations of chloride ions or their salts. The ions or chloride salts may be impurities in the calcium sulfate itself or in the water (such as sea water or brine containing subsurface water) used in the mixture which has not been used prior to this invention in order to make stable products containing On suspicion. It was found, when pre-treating calcium sulfated based on this invention, that some reinforcing materials work to delay the hydration rate of the formation of gypsum and adversely affect the strength of the product containing gypsum. It was also possible to verify that this delay, as well as the reverse effect on strength, can be improved or even overcome by introducing an appropriate amount of accelerant into the mixture and in an appropriate manner as well. It was also found that the gypsum board formed according to demand can be manufactured according to this invention. before this invention; The shape of the level gypsum board was modified by wetting the board with water to weaken it, then it became more flexible, and then it was modified. However, this method has its drawbacks, which are the length of time that may last for at least an hour, if not more than that; Rather, it may reach twelve hours. In addition ; The previous technique is unable to achieve any modification with the board

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Ae —_ \ — is required to know that when greater force is applied, the board may break. edly there is still a need for methods and structures to reduce the wetting period; And lead to an improvement in the manufacture and installation of gypsum board as required. Based on a preferred embodiment of the present invention; A flat gypsum board may be sprayed with a 0% aqueous chloride solution containing any reinforcing material (as those previously described in this invention and in the examples to come) in order to weaken the board and make it more flexible. The weakened and more flexible board can then be easily adjusted to the required shape with a lower strength than that previously used, and the board will remain in the desired shape after drying due to the beneficial effects of the reinforcing material. z pi An abbreviation of the drawings: 0 Figure (1): It is a graph depicting the weight of the product from gypsum board, including the gypsum board included in this invention. Figure (7): It is a graph showing the resistance The sag of the gypsum board made on the basis of this invention compared to the commercially available gypsum boards Figure (7): It is a graph to compare the sag resistance of a board |2 pasa) 1 | For manufactured gypsum boards according to HD 1 _ the invention with the available gypsum boards, where the tested boards are installed using LF 2100 form (;): It is a graph to compare the effect of the slack deviation of the gypsum board made according to this invention with a gypsum board available in the market. Figure (0): It is a graph depicting the effect of relaxation for the treatment of gypsum board based on this invention prepared from gypsum board that includes preformed dried gypsum (such as calcium sulfate dihydrate 0 VAAY).

1 — Detailed Description: This invention can be implemented using compositions and methods similar to those previously used to prepare products containing gypsum. The main difference in the formulations and methods of some preferred embodiments of this invention from those previously used lies in the inclusion of trimetaphosphate salt in the formulations of this invention. And from Abd the restricted salts: potassium sodium trimetaphosphate trimetaphosphate; And ammonium trimetaphosphate and lithium trimetaphosphate ¢ aluminum trimetaphosphate and their mixed salts. Sodium trimetaphosphate is preferred by Solutia Inc. of St.

Louis, Mo ¢ Lu is available, for example, from Solutia Inc. of St.

Louis, Mo., previously a unit of the Monsanto Company of St.

Louis, MO. yo and based on one of the preferred embodiments of this invention; It takes 5 trimetaphosphate 3 sa salt in the aqueous mixture of calcined gypsum to form gypsum. It was therefore convenient and preferable to introduce trimetaphosphate jon into the mixture at an early step; It is also sufficient to introduce trimetaphosphate ion into the mixture of calcined gypsum and water in a later step; 1 This can be achieved by spraying an aqueous solution of fon over the aqueous mixture of calcined gypsum before gluing the second face so that the fon trimetaphosphate solution is absorbed into the precipitated mixture. Another alternative method is to add trimetaphosphate ion to the mixture, and this in turn falls within the scope of this invention. One of the other alternative methods is trimetaphosphate jon Jalal, with another one that is limited to adding trimetaphosphate ion to the gypsum in any appropriate way, such as spraying or impregnating 0 (soaking) gypsum with a solution containing trimetaphosphate. YAAY

Ye - - The calcined gypsum used in the invention may be in the form and combinations that have proven useful in the corresponding models of the previous technology. It may be alpha calcium sulfate hemihydrate + or “beta calcium sulfate hemihydrate” or “water-soluble calcium sulfate anhydrite” or mixtures thereof or mixtures thereof from natural or synthetic sources. > It is possible to use traditional additives in the implementation of this invention in quantities to acquire the required properties and to facilitate their production, such as aqueous foam, for example; accelerators; retarders and recalcifying fluids; links; adhesives; dispersion aids; and settlement or non-settlement transactions ¢ and holdings; bactericides; fungicides; 0 pH (GY) adjusters and colorants; reinforcing materials; fire retardants and water repellents; Fillings and their mixtures.

1 In other embodiments and compositions it is preferred for the preparation of gypsum board as the surface chips usually include paper. In this field, pre-gelatinized starch is used to avoid peeling of the paper in conditions of humidity.

And in the models of the invention that use a foaming agent to form gaps in the product containing plaster in order to achieve a lighter weight; It is possible to use any of the foam parameters

1 is traditionally known for this purpose. US Patent No. 071,876 is dealt with; 017 #740374 : 14781 as well as International Application No. 171815/45 of YY June 390 2) further describe the foaming modulus used in this field.

In many cases, it is preferable to form relatively wide gaps in the gypsum product to contribute to maintaining its strength. This can be achieved by using a foaming agent that generates a foam that is relatively unstable on contact

0 with calcined gypsum mortar. Preferably in this respect; Mixing a large amount of foaming agent, which is a relatively unstable foam, with a small amount of foaming agent, which generates a relatively stable foam.

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This mixture can be preformed from foaming agents. And based on the result of the final examination of the product, the appropriate adjustment of the appropriate percentage of each foaming coefficient in the aforementioned mixture is determined. US Patent No. 01478101 deals with; As well as ALLA American Patent No. 0799/0 filed on YY December 19481 AD, a full description of the mixing and setting processes, also M and from AB the foaming coefficients used in generating unstable foams that I formulated as follows: Q 100.00 where R It is an alkyl group containing ? to 51 carbon atoms; 14 is 0. Preferably t is an alkyl group containing carbon atoms with a number ranging from IA 1". Examples of foaming agents used to generate stable foams are those denoted by 01 as follows: CH,( CH,),CH. (OCH,CH.,),0S0; OME 0) where : 32 is a number from ? to 50. 7 : a number from 0 to 01 and greater than ) 1) in a percentage of at least 750 by weight of the foaming modulus. M Vo is .cation and it is noted in some preferred embodiments “gl a0 that the two foaming modulus of two formulas (q)” are mixed (Together »to form a proportion ranging from IAT 94 percent by weight of the mixture resulting from foaming treatments. YAAY

- 1 In some preferred embodiments of the invention; Aqueous foam is generated from pre-mixed foaming formula: Halls

CH,(CH,) CH,(OCH, CH,),0S0, OME (Z) . 51 where: 35; Whose number? to a weight of at least a coefficient of 750 in its proportion (1) and remains 01 to 0 digits from: 7 °. The foaming .cation is M. (2). To 94 percent by weight of the foaming modulus of the formula AT and preferably to remain zero from In some preferred invention embodiments related to the method and composition of composite panels, which include, preferably, trimetaphosphate ions, gypsum, and particles of hardener Specificity VL ¢ That the composite product includes gypsum plaster and family particles, and at least a proportion of gypsum plaster is placed in and around the gaps within the family particles. and at least a proportion of it trimetaphosphate salt in the form of crystals in and around the vacuoles in the host particles ¢ and give cele soluble in water This composition can be mixed with water to form the mixture of the invention consisting of 1 iia and family particles containing vacuoles within them; and gypsum Calcined (at least part of it on

Ld « trimetaphosphate fons) does not form particle crystals in and around the vacuoles. The method includes the formation of the aforementioned mixture; and pour it on top or into a mould; And leave it to harden and dry. Compositions and methods for preparing gypsum boards 0, YY YY US Patent No. . vehicle x. And in some of the favorite models of the invention, which deals with the method and composition required to prepare a substance, and in 0. In the concentrations and the aforementioned method, trimetaphosphate fon; Li moldable uses some of the favorite shapes of those models; The composition includes a mixture of calcined gypsum

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- 1 soluble in water; starch; particles of trimetaphosphate; Calcined gypsum salt is redistributable in water. The composition can be mixed with water, as the polymer method includes the formation of the aforementioned mixture; Pour it over a surface or into a mold and leave it to set and dry. And she trades innocence. American Invention No. 4,054 0.5 that is in the description

° In some preferred models of the invention to produce a material used in finishing a joint between two gypsum boards; For this purpose, trimetaphosphate salt or trimetaphosphate ion is used in the previously described concentrations. With regard to other manifestations other than the addition of 5 trimetaphosphate ions salts, the composition and method can be used with the same components, the same method and methods as is used in previous technologies. The patent deals with American No. 742/301

0 in detail. The composition consists, in some preferred formations, of a mixture of calcined gypsum; a water-soluble trimetaphosphate salt and binder; a thickening agent; and a non-settling agent. The composition can be mixed with water to produce the invention's mixture of trimetaphosphate ions ¢ calcined gypsum; and a link element; And a thickening element ¢ and non-settlement coefficient. As for the method, it includes the formation of the mixture; Pour it into the joint between the two edges

16 gypsum board; And leave him until he doubts and dries.

And in the preferred models for finishing joints; binding elements are picked out; As well as thickness thickness ¢ and non-settlement coefficient of components known to those with experience in this field. For example, the binder may be a lax-linker of the common type with preference and inclusion of poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) in a ratio of about 1 to about 100 Sev weight. Examples of a cellulosic thickener such as ethylhydroxy ethylcellulose ¢, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropyl cellulose, or hydroxyethyl cellulose are used at a rate ranging from about 1.01 to about * percent by weight. The composition. VAAY

1 - - Examples of this include suitable non-settlement coefficients “attapulgite + and sepiolite” and bentonite montmorillonite clays “where it is included in the composition at a rate ranging from about 1 to about 0 percent by weight of the weight of the composition. In Jolin's favorite models, the method and composition of preparing soundproof tiles; trimetaphosphate ion© is used in the concentrations described above; Thus, the composition for this includes a mixture of water; calcined gyss 1 trimetaphosphate ion “calcined gypsum” and gelatinized starch; and mineral wool, or consisting of a mixture of water; calcined trimetaphosphate ions ¢ calcined gypsum “gelatinized starch” and expanded perlite particles; and fiber reinforcement plants. The method includes forming the aforementioned mixture; 0 He poured it into a tray and left it to be molded and dry. Regarding methods other than involving trimetaphosphate ion; It is possible to use the composition and the method in the same way as those used previously in the production of sound insulation tiles, and this is dealt with in the description of the two American patents No. 0748474; And the number 77450357. The following AR + is for the sake of further clarification of some of the preferred models of the invention; ve and for comparison with methods and compositions outside the scope of this invention. Unless otherwise indicated; The concentrations of materials in formulations and mixtures are in percentage by weight based on the weight of the existing calcined gypsum. Also, the abbreviation “51110” ¢ sodium trimetaphosphate ¢ and the abbreviation “trimetaphosphate” means “TMP”. Example (1): © Compressive strength of a laboratory cube: Processes were prepared from products containing gypsum, based on this invention, and the compressive strength of Cua was compared with samples prepared using different methods and compositions. American Society for Testing Materials standards ASTM C4721-93 .YAAY

However, the samples were prepared by dry mixing as follows: 6 grams: of B calcium sulfate hemihydrate ¢ 7 grams: of the accelerating element; It includes finely powdered particles of calcium hemihydrate 6 that are coated with sugar to maintain its effectiveness; The heated Lamas are described in 0 US Patent No. 38,774,497; 06g: additive (control samples); Y= +0 grams : 51210 or 000 -? grams: other phosphate additives (comparative samples), and then the samples were mixed with vor milliliters of tap water at a temperature of 71.11 m 0 by Jabs WARING mixer of AY capacity ; The mixture was left to absorb for five seconds, and the mixing was done at a low speed and continued for 10 seconds. The resulting slurry was poured into molds to produce cubes (1 inch side length). The cubes were taken out of the molds after they were doubted. They were dried in a ventilated oven at a temperature of 11" F for 1 hour or until their weight stopped changing. The density of the dried cubes was about 1765 kg / cubic meter. Vo and the pressure comparison of each dried cube was measured on an inspection machine. SATEC Table 1 shows the results of this test based on compressive strength in pounds per square inch; percentage change in force (A) 7. The measured results are subject to experimental error of about +/- Fo (and on So the power increase of 701 could range anywhere from © to VAR VAAY

- 1 — )( Example compressive strength sake 1 Tos 0 Article 7.7 1 Article 1 0 1 Article 0 Additive material Additive | dil additive Additive 1 Additive 4 (section? : 0 014 CTA sodium trimetaphosphate STMP a] VAY Agw STMP

A, 4.0 BA 11.8 AVS 01 STMP era -= CATE le AL "1 STMP

Ya VY. 11: “Mya Yale |e dao m STMP wml Aala A Bajam Bel Umma Ay 7 STMP

Yo YY) VY, Y - ¢ 9Y4 |¢ 901 C1 phosphate disodium np ll the - AVY | A, cn tripoly- phosphate sodium ] Se — ‘ His concern | — ¢ Aso 1 hexameta- phosphate dicalcium AA —— — ev | Pray ¢v4. ov dicalcium phosphate a = ¢Veu l= ¢ YYA| = ¢vVov. of phosphate disodium

I for _ and shyness | 7 m; VAT. oy Phosphate monohydrate phosphate moncalcium AA AT

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Y —_ A —_— The data in table (1) shows that the (STMP) samples have led to an increase in resistance, while the comparison lic showed; weak resistance, no increase in resistance, or even a decrease in resistance. EXAMPLE FY) Continuous Deformation Resistance (Laboratory Gypsum Board Sagging Resistance) Samples of gypsum-containing boards were prepared in the laboratory based on this invention; It was compared with respect to the resistance to continuous deformation with samples of panels that were prepared by methods and compositions outside the scope of this invention. Samples were prepared using a WARING mixer of © liters capacity at low speed for 10 seconds, in which the following was mixed: 0.90 kg B calcium sulfate hemihydrate; z Y is an acceleration element as defined above; Y liter of tap water ¢ zo additive (samples from outside); sodium trimetaphosphate STMP zh, (samples) or ae g other additives (comparison samples) and the resulting slurry was poured into flints to prepare flat gypsum board samples each having dimensions of about 0 » XY 17 cm. And after she complained, “calcium sulfate hemihydrate” left the plates to dry in an oven at a temperature of 66 pounds, until their weight stopped changing. YAAY

Yr - - record the final measured weight of each board 0 The surfaces of the boards are not covered with papers; This is to avoid the effect of paper covers on the effectiveness of loosening gypsum boards in wet conditions. Each z layer was placed and then dried in a horizontal position on two supports spaced 0 inches apart. The panels remained in this way for a specified period of time (it lasted days in this example) at a temperature of TTY m and a relative humidity of 0074. The degree of relaxation of the plank was determined. ; The resistance to continuous deformation was considered inversely proportional to the degree of slab relaxation. The greater the sag, the lower the relative resistance to continuous deformation. Table ( ) recommends the continuous deformation tests including the composition and concentration of the additive; the final weight of the slab 0 and the degree of measured sag (the percentage of the weight is based on the weight of hemicium sulfate hemihydrate). Additive Additive 1 Board weight | Board looseness (7 for weight) (g (cm) 4 cm boric acid e - y Y A v ' ° rd] , glass fibers: 1 ' r ~~ boric acid + boric acid Yaay

Y $ — _ data is shown in table (Y); The plate (STMP) prepared according to this invention has increased resistance to loosening (and therefore more resistance to continuous deformation) compared to the outer plate and the outer comparator plates. like that ; The sag of the slab according to the invention is much less than 011 dng sag for every two feet of the length of the slab, which the naked eye cannot comprehend. Example (¥) resistance to continuous deformation (resistance of gypsum board production line) Figure (1) recommends a comparison of product weight, while Tables 0 4 (79) advise the resistance to sag of the mentioned products. It is noted that the weight of the product for ceiling boards The internal structure based on this invention is the same with regard to the weight of the board with the registered mark SHEETROCK produced by the American Gypsum Company 0. Figure (7) shows a graph showing the resistance to sagging of a gypsum board made according to this invention compared to the resistance of gypsum boards available in the market where it is fixed All panels tested by common traditional methods. Figure (7) shows graphically “Lew” representing the sagging resistance of a gypsum board made according to this invention compared to the resistance of gypsum panels available in the market, where all tested panels are fixed 1 using F2100 Two-Part Urethane adhesive. The construction details for making the 870 roofing sheets used in the sag comparisons shown in Figure (7); (©) are as follows: YAAY

Yo — - A - Gypsum board: YEE X 17.17 * 1797-1 cm; It was manufactured according to this invention. 1717 X NYY - “Name +” manufactured by Al-Ahlia Gypsum Company; Gold Bond M- High-strength ceiling panels. Al-Alal 1717 X “A-Cm + manufactured by the American Gypsum Company; Gypsum boards 51102100 ¢— .R YEE X 1717 X cm 0 Produced by the American Gypsum Company; Gypsum board SHEETROCK ™ Firecode .* B- Gallons: \ 1 ¢ Height Y 8, q X cm Length Made of wood planks 0, L, 2, 0 Produced by R.J.

Cole als ——a Steam — No. -©17 Class No. L D - Insulation: Mineral fibers - Insulating wool. 1E - Textile Spray — 9012278087 USG for Ceiling Spray F - Mounting Units: Clips 1" by 1 Jo" long; 1.75 x XT drywall screws - 2-part urethane adhesive F-7001 - Foamseal YAAY

71 - - Roof details: A - 77; Then tie them at both ends of the truss. B- 11 gypsum boards; It was connected to the truss structure by gluing F 1001. H- The ceiling was carefully raised above four previously built walls to form a room with dimensions htt 1 £ y 1 X Qo m. D- Then, attach the ceiling assembly to the upper board of the walls using XA inch screws around the perimeter. A second roof was erected using screws and clips to attach the gypsum boards to the truss. As shown in Figure (7) + (©), gypsum boards are made according to this invention and are characterized by their great resistance to loosening. and that the amount of slack was about 11 inches for every 2 feet of length 0 of the plank. Example (4) Resistance to nail removal from laboratory gypsum board. Laboratory-prepared samples of paper-covered gypsum board produced based on the invention were compared; With panels from other sources, in order to resist the removal of nails. The ys resistance to nail dislocation includes the strength of the middle layer of the board and its surface covering sheets; And the bond or adhesive between paper and gypsum. The purpose of the test is to measure the greatest crunch force of a slab-headed track; This is performed in accordance with ASTM C473-95 standards. The slurry was prepared using HOBART La for 0 ¢ sec at a medium speed < and its ingredients were: BV of z© «calcium sulfate hemihydrate from an accelerator ¢ YAAY

- YV-; 10g of fine paper fibres; © liters of tap water; 8 J 711 - JE of J0 pregelatinized corn Lis of J1 0 - 1 sodium trimetaphosphate STMP . The dimensions of the Lad were starch and the resulting slurry was poured into a flint over paper. The surface was covered with paper up to WY cm and each board was placed in an oven at a temperature of (NY XT) XT. One board lost 775 of his weight; Then it was transferred to an oven with a temperature of 111 F until it remained at a constant weight. Table (9) shows the results of this 0 and then measured the weight of the final slab ¢ as well as the resistance to dislocation of the track 0. The experiment (¥) resistance table Nail removal Board weight (kg/resistance to nail removal PCF1000 Las sodium concentration (kg) (“a Ca” / (wt) trimetaphosphate (Cos) STMP ve ow |. we owe

Ce owe | inn 1 ° B 1 A 7 L 71 Y, 0 The results show in Table (7) that the plates prepared according to the invention showed a high total strength of 0.0 (resistance to dislodge the screw) compared to With the other boards, no

Example (5) Dimensional stability and resistance to continuous deformation of gypsum board Production Paper-covered foamed gypsum board was prepared on a full-size production line in a commercial gypsum board production facility. The panels were produced with different concentrations of trimetaphosphate ion © and compared ° with other panels (produced without trimetaphosphate ion) in terms of dimensional stability and resistance to continuous deformation. The panels were prepared using methods and components completely identical to those used previously. Its components using methods and components completely similar to those used in the past. Table (4) shows its components and the percentage of their weight approximately (expressed in relatively limited amounts based on the weight of the calcined gypsum used). Ye B calcium sulfate hemihydrate Delaying element “eo, Y” stand for “foaming modulus” for Gel sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) recalcifying fluid 0.1 ¢ =, VY YAAY

It is noted in Table (8): that the element of precipitation was composed of finely ground sugar-coated particles of calcium sulfate hemihydrate as described in US Patent No. 725977467, where the element of precipitation was not heated during its preparation; so was Lia Dry grinding and acid-modified (HI-BOND) from the company -Lauhoff Grain and the dispersion/dispersing agent (DILOFLO) from GEO Specialty Chemicals of Ambler, Pennsylvania; the fibers were fine The setting delay agent was (VERSENEX 80) from Van Walters & Rogers, Washington; the foaming agent (WITCOLATE1276) was from Witeo, Connecticut; and sodium trimetaphosphate was obtained from obtained commercially from Witco Corp. The re-calcining fluid was CERELOSE (2001) brand, which is a dextrose used to reduce the re-calcification of the edges of the boards during drying. The boards were produced on a continuous production line with a width of four feet, by entering and mixing the components continuously in a mixing unit to form a thin aqueous slurry (use a blowing plant to generate aqueous foams; then introduced the foams into the slurry through the mixing unit); Continuous discharging of slurry ao onto a paper cover (front surface paper) on a conveyor belt; Putting another paper cover (back paper) on the branched mortar to form a 1.17 cm thick slab. Cutting the continuous movable board on the belt into slabs, each with dimensions XT of 1 m and a thickness of 117 cm ; The plates were dried in a preheated multi-rack oven. after that ; The slab resistance to continuous deformation was determined by measuring the sag as described in Example (7). The sag was measured after priming the slabs in an atmosphere of 8 F; and its relative humidity is 0 for a period of 74 (AC 95 hours). Table (*) shows the results of samples produced with YAAY concentrations.

Different doses of trimetaphosphate ion and other samples (+ 7 sodium trimetaphosphate produced before and after the mentioned samples). Table (5) Relaxation of gypsum board production line (board dimensions 1 ft x ft) sodium concentrations | Bar sag after YE | Board relaxation after EA | The relaxation of the slab after trimetaphosphate hr (cm) hr (cm) 81 hr (cm) (weight 7) a 1 r ¢ a nt: The data in Table (*5) shows that the panels produced based on this The invention was more resistant to loosening (and therefore more than resistant to permanent deformation) compared to other panels by increasing the concentration of sodium trimetaphosphate. Table (0a) also deals with resistance to loosening based on the compositions and methods of this invention. And more specifically; The (fe) table shows the slack; i.e. VAAY

— \ + _ Wetting deflection according to ASTM specification Testing Materials [ 0473-95 [ASTM] for gypsum board after 7AM Arim. Table (0)(i) Results of wetting deflection test according to ASTM 0473-5 Standards for Gypsum Board Production Line Test No. Sodium Addition | Board Dry Weight | lad) Moisturizer for EA Ib MSF/trimetaphosphate hour (millimeter) (weight 7) parallel orthogonal ton toothed fat was here we were also measuring both wet production 4m PVT panels and fully dried panels Vor z © ( According to the standards of the American Society for Testing Materials 0473-95 (ASTM) to determine the amounts of shrinkage in widths and lengths after drying. The greater the shrinkage of the panels, the less their dimensional stability. These results are shown in Table (6) 0 VAAY

An Y —_ — Table (V) Shrinkage of gypsum board production line concentration sodium shrinkage board width al board length trimetaphosphate (weight 7) (cm / 7 m) 11 a) m )

eee TT

ee TT

ee

EE

TTT

TTT

1 TT It turns out that the panels produced according to this invention were more 0 (6) and from the data provided in the table, they are dimensionally stable than the other panels. No shrinkage was observed, either in length, with an addition of 70.04 or more. or in width. Sodium trimetaphosphate STMP ( 1 ) Ja 2 Resistance to sag under condensation and wet conditions (gypsum board production line) A further test demonstrates the sag strength arising from the formulations and methods of this invention. More specifically; Ceiling board production line where condensation is allowed to occur at a vapor barrier placed between

‎YAAY

D - Ceiling board and wood panels. The method is to establish a small space under the roof; Its vacuum was isolated from the top and from the “wl al” and left cold to cause condensation at the ceiling. The ceiling area was 7,7 m by 7,457 with 7 m by 7,44 m. The chamber void frames with a 6 mm vapor barrier of polyethylene at the ceiling and sides; The room vacuum humidity rose to achieve condensation at the ceiling m. Two panels measuring 1.77 m by 7 m each of 1.7 m of screening material were attached to the trusses with a polyethylene vapor barrier of 1 mm thickness and located directly above the panel. And left the ends of the board not installed. Then, the humidity inside the room part was increased through an evaporative humidification unit, while the temperature inside the space was decreased using an el sa air conditioning unit. Then adjust the vapor generated by the humidification unit until the condensation becomes Bl at the vapor barrier above the roof slab. No attempts were made to keep the temperature and humidity constant throughout the examination period. The sag of the roof was measured at intervals and at three locations along the slab (in the middle between each pair of trusses) and six readings of the deviation were produced. The room and room temperature were also recorded each time the looseness was measured. The following are the test conditions (assuming that the room temperature is constant at Ve ° F): da Wo Vo temperature 43 gh Ji relative dad (5 J A da x a8 all AY) 6 8 m 1 m 7. Sry 17m 7m 71m LA A M 0 / 3 0 A Y 1 7 M YAAY

Y¢ __— conducted a test over a time period of nineteen Loss using the following material: BA mm production line gypsum board produced according to this invention and a Y 0,9 Firecode gypsum board; Figure (4) shows the results and from it it is clear that the sagging of the manufactured plank in this invention is less than the Firecode 2 plank. There is a distributed load in this test ¢ of kg / linear meter in the middle between each truss immediately following the reading of the eighth day. There is no doubt that this load increased the slackness of the other board; Although its effect is much J on the board produced according to this invention. And as shown in the form (;); The gypsum boards produced according to this invention have a deviation of sag less than 110 inches per 1 foot in length. (v) da 0 nail removal resistance) 5 Lu [BEN d] Production line success and then preparation of another batch of z-foamed gypsum board covered with paper on a full production line dann in a gypsum board production plant. The panels were prepared with three concentrations of trimetaphosphate fon and compared with other panels (manufactured without trimetaphosphate ion) with regard to the resistance to dislocation of 10 nails. With the exception of the inclusion of trimetaphosphate jon in the numbers of some panels; the panels were produced using methods and components identical to the methods and components The components, as well as the percentages of their weights, were as mentioned in the table (£). Example No. (*) described the method of producing the panels. The resistance to nail removal was determined based on the specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials, astm 473-95 +0. The table shows (V) The results for the batches produced with different concentrations of YAAY

d Yo - trimetaphosphate ion and other samples (sodium trimetaphosphate) (0%) produced immediately before dx samples of the invention. Table (7) sodium trimetaphosphate concentration (weight 7) nail dislodgement resistance (kg) 1 '© ¢ A ° ': A 0 (=) The results are shown in Table (7) that the production plates prepared according to this invention showed high overall strength (resistance to screw dislodgement) compared to other plates. (A) Je Integration of Paper Bonding Gypsum Board Production Line Another batch of paper coated gypsum board was prepared on a full-size production line in a gypsum board production plant; the boards were produced with different concentrations of trimetaphosphate (jon) and pre-galvanized starch. Try another word YAAY

Coen (previously) for the integration of gelatinized starch Las or trimetaphosphate ion (produced without the bond between the gypsum layer and its surface covered with paper after being treated under certain wetting and hydration conditions. Gelatinized starch and the change in the concentrations of non-gelatinized starch trimetaphosphate ion, and with the exception of entering previously when producing some panels, the panels were manufactured using methods and components exactly the same as those used in the previous one, and their components, as well as the percentages of their weights, were like those listed in Table (0) (?). It was as described in an example

PCE 1000 The pre-gelatinized starch that was used in the tests was of type 111- or the non-pre-gelatinized starch was of quality 1208 Grain Co, which is available in the market at PCE 1000. Lad Lauhoff Grain Co. sa) and available BOND 7 cm by 1,0 cm panels. 1,11 and after the panels were produced; Samples were cut to dimensions 1 by making the total area of the outer surface Casal. Each of these small samples of panels for paper cladding came into contact with a cloth completely soaked with water in an ambient atmosphere whose temperature and relative humidity reached 790, and this situation continued for six hours. Approximately 2.7" wet cloth was then removed; his sample of the board was left to dry slowly in these conditions until it had settled to a constant weight and two and a half inches from the Ball (about three days approximately). The back surface of the board 1 cm and parallel to that TOY one of the two six-inch edges; make a straight, recessed scratch on the edge. Then the board was bitten along the length of the scratch without tearing or stressing the paper on the surface of the cm) and folded downward 1.8 X The large piece of the sample plate was rotated while the smaller piece remained stationary and horizontal with its back surface upwards, in an attempt to guide the paper on the surface of the plate to peel off from the larger piece.The pressure increased until the two pieces separated from The surface of the large piece was examined to determine the ratio of the surface to each other completely

Vaay

The name at which the paper has completely withdrawn from the gypsum layer (this is referred to as 'clean sharding'). Table A indicates this percentage by the term 'bond breakdown //'. Example (4) Post-treatment of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate ° In some of the preferred alternative embodiments of this invention an infusion of calcium sulfate hemihydrate is treated with an aqueous dilute of rimetaphosphate ion in a manner sufficient to evenly distribute the trimetaphosphate ion solution in the infused vessel of calcium sulfate hemihydrate in order to increase strength, resistance to permanent deformation (resistance to wear, for example), and dimensional stability of gypsum-containing products after re-drying. lead to increased strength, resistance to permanent deformation (resistance to loosening, for example), and dimensional stability to a degree similar to that achieved when adding trimetaphosphate ion to calcined gypsum. to gypsum New formulations and methods for making improved gypsum-containing products including, but not for example, ve boards, panels, mortars, tiles, cellulose fiber/gypsum composites, etc. The treatment also increases the strength of the gypsum cast by approximately 715 mm. It is also possible to enter trimetaphosphate ion in an amount of 4 AS IVA FRE (the basis for the weight of gypsum) in the cast gypsum by spraying or impregnating it with an aqueous solution containing trimetaphosphate on and then re-drying the cast gypsum. © The post-treatment of doubt is limited to the following: YAAY

A —_ 7 _ 1) In addition to the composition of the mortar 0 Gypsum mortar and other dry additives Foam to reduce weight or (density) Gypsum mortar and other materials (dry) in addition to water to form a thin-bodied mortar. Gypsum casting / final setting and drying Z Mixing / stirring (wet) Gypsum casting / final setting 0 Post-treatment with STMP (spraying or impregnation) Post-treatment with STMP l (surface spraying) l Re-drying of cast gypsum Drying of gypsum product Vo 1 Improved gypsum product Improved gypsum product YAAY

and m - it is noted in both of the previous methods; That the aqueous solution of the trimetaphosphate ion, thanks to its use, in an amount and manner sufficient to achieve a concentration of about 70.16 004 by weight (based on the weight of calcium sulfate dihydrate) of the trimetaphosphate ion in the cast calcium sulfate dihydrate. M 0 and Lal was Pre-gelatinized, which was used in the tests, of type 1000 PCF, which is available in the market at Low Hof Green Company, or the starch that is not pre-gelatinized, it was of the quality HI-BOND, which is also available at Low Hof Green. Dimensions, 7 cm by 1.5 cm from the boards Each of these small samples of the boards were subjected to conditioning, which makes the total area of the outer surface of the paper cladding in contact with a cloth completely soaked with water in an ambient atmosphere with a temperature of 0 F and a relative humidity of 7900 and continued This position for about six hours, after which the wet cloth was removed, and the plate sample was left to dry slowly under these conditions until it stabilized at its constant weight (approximately three days). Six inches; make a straight recessed dent with a depth of VY cm and parallel to that edge. Then the board was bitten off along the scratch without tearing or stressing the paper on the surface of the board; The large piece of the board was rotated 1.5 7 0.4 cm and pressed in the downward direction, while the smaller piece remained stable and horizontal with its back surface remaining upward, in an attempt to direct the paper on the surface of the board to peel off from the larger piece. and the pressure increased until the two pieces were completely separated from each other; The surface of the block was examined to determine the percentage of the surface © at which the paper had completely withdrawn from the gypsum layer (referred to as 'clean peel'). Table A indicates this percentage by the term 'bonding breakdown 7' YAAY.

M - Example (A) Gypsum board paper bonding breakdown production line HI-BoND concentration STMP concentration PCF starch concentration Percentage (weight +) per 1000 (weight +) of bonding breakdown (weight (7) 7( ee a but eT) and from the data in table (A) related to the problem of the breakdown of paper bonding with gypsum after wet treatment, sodium trimeta phosphate 51110 exacerbates the problem, and an increase in starch concentration is not (Hebond) does not alleviate the problem. Also, adding some pre-gelatinized starch (1000 PCF) alleviates or puts an end to the problem. Table (°) shows the advantages of reducing the slack deviation (sag resistance, for example) for the first method above. Five (0) boards were produced and tested in terms of slack deviation as shown in Figure (0). The weight of the dried boards ranged from Vou to VAS grams. No YAAY was added.

41- Solutions for other panels after gypsum casting / final shaping and drying. generally separated; The solution to be sprayed on the panels should contain a concentration of trimetaphosphate ion at a rate ranging from ee to 77; The final amount of jon trimetaphosphate in each of the sodium trimetaphosphate solution STMP; It is 70.7% based on the weight of the gypsum mortar used in the production of 0 gypsum casting; 70.17 based on the weight of the resulting gypsum board. (01) J Processing of high-salt materials Other embodiments of this invention concern gypsum-containing products from mixtures of ell calcium sulfate materials containing high concentrations of chloride ions or their salts (i.e., at least 0 015 by weight in chloride fons whose salts may be impurities in the sulfate itself or in water (such as seawater or subsurface water containing brine) used in the mixture; which prior to this invention could not be used to obtain gypsum-containing products due to associated problems such as paper bond breakdown; go-end burn; low resistance to continuous deformation and low strength Low dimensional stability The tests shown in Table (3) are concerned with gypsum boards produced and treated in the same manner as shown in Example (7), except that different amounts of chloride ion were introduced into the mixture with different amounts of trimetaphosphate ion, and the relaxation deviation was tested in the same way. Which is shown oy. by description in Example (Y): VAAY

The - [Table No. (%)] Laboratory test results for gypsum cubes with dimensions (TX XY) / core (center) slab with dimensions (64 77 8.4) molded and formed from gypsum mortar by adding several different quantities of each of sodium chloride Sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) addition plate weight addition | pick up range | intensity deviation amount dry Sodium trimetaphosphate and compressive loosening imbibition Chloride (7) by weight (in grams) | eld (steam | wet A per cube” (7) wt ~ 2 0 = water) from 1 humidifier during dry !(kg/chamber (£4) hr cm 8 (cm) (7) wt Ha | TL Uh | Toe M | Cee ee [en [ae] a a anime sa eT a | Lor [ee ata Cn ee [ee en Lr Te fe TT YAAY]

Extensive and the tests recorded in [Table No. (01) | show that treatment with trimetaphosphate ion allows the use of mixtures containing high concentrations of chloride fons or their salts; the plates were prepared and then treated with the same method that was shown in [example No. (4)] except that many different amounts of 1005 chloride were pushed into the mixture along the length or over the length of oo several different amounts of trimetaphosphate jon The integrity of the bond between core or The center of the gypsum board and between its facing paper cover in the same manner as described in [Example No. (4)] 0 VAAY

— $ ¢ — [Table No. [01] Results of laboratory tests of the paper-to-core bond (center) of gypsum board cast and formed with dimensions (“OXY EXY”) cast from gypsum mortar in quantities of Blac different from each of Lis sodium trimetaphosphate PCF 1000, STMP 10-211 salt addition addition | addition | luminance | plate weight | capture range | breakdown | breakdown | bond breakdown | Hd salt 1 & PCE!STM Lpf | And you drink water a bond after | bond ! hydrated after | bond sy | (aaa 102111 (DP) water) from | de elapse after | (7) days / wetted or not ... | by weight | (0) by weight Room 0/40 | Days (0) | Elapsed (7) (0) Moisturized after © Days Hours (7) 0 (7) By weight Ram Baya Te Aada Ata Aa Me YAAY

EP

[Table No.] (11) shows the treatment with PCF 1000 Wis ¢ trimetaphosphate ion for high chloride salt materials for panels from 70.08 to 1,016 7 by weight of sodium chloride in gypsum mortar) which are the materials which were prepared and treated with the same method previously described in [Example No. 0 + and as shown in [Table No.] (11)); cleared in the same manner as described in [Example No. (?)]; i.e., in accordance with ASTM © 473-95 and (these results) provide a Blan performance for the bond (measured by the same The method described in [Example No. [(A) as compared with the control and control panels without sodium chloride “Furthermore, treatment with trimetaphosphate ion achieves a significant improvement of its own importance. (XY) chloride salt) in hydrating looseners; even if you add 00 YAAY

[Table No.] (11) The results of an industrial unit test in terms of the experimental test of the high-salt component in Lida from the gypsum facilities with the extra period | adding salt | adding lad] high | starch > the weight of the board 1 intensity 1 Bond of Gus Temporal relaxation STMP | sodium | Bond PCF (in lbs) Hydrated core withdrawal (fy | chloride | jaa 0 0 | (©015/0015 | or attraction | Sead | ) 1) collapse 1 during experimental | r all (7) | aos | lbw 1 (1) screw | (pound) (7) re wt wt (lb) h (x1) cm/atsa 2; meters and control of a zero 1 Ye YA done vA < the control of LY 1 zero 7 zero 1 Yo,¢ Ved | oars < 77 [Table No. (VY) 1 Treatment with trimetaphosphate ion ¢ Cha 1000 PCF for high chloride salt materials for panels [even higher than what is indicated in [Table No.] (11) where chloride salt is present in percentage A) 71 7) by weight in the form of sodium chloride in the slurry of the pond!:(oo) which are the materials that have been prepared and treated in the same manner previously described in Jie [No. (*)]; LS is shown in [Table No. ] (1); the results of dalled indicate an increase in the intensity, pulling or pulling of the track from the 'gypsum board' (clearing in the same manner as described in [Example No. (4)]; That is, according to the standard specifications of the American Society for the Inspection and Testing of Materials No. (473-95 © ASTM YAAY)

_ for $ — and (these results) provide similar bond performance (measured in the same way as described in [Jo]0 as compared to control panels. [Table [(VY)

Results of an industrial unit test in terms of experimental testing of the high salt component in Lie boards "gypsum board"

Chloride Period STMP | chloride bond PCF- | Draw or tie from paper 1 aay aa 7 salt addendum Ii 1000: the

For my time: concentration 1 = 11 ln starch to the heart for testing | Gypsum (%) radius (0) | color of the nail | load 1 7 collapse

a / / experimental | sana by weight | Weight (kg) [SS] 1 0 wt

8 Yi | FY Ao row Ot (sample zero 7 zero 1

| | galt and control) l [ve [owe oe oT we Te a se Lo [rns an le or and ma a

Yo, AVY ¥Y,Ve zero 7 zero m zero de) 1

cl and control) YAAY

SA

[(VY) [Example No.: (roasted) with several different reinforcing materials, calcined gypsum, calcined gypsum treatment, in the example of the preferred models previously presented and clarified; The augmenting article was however; in general; Any of the reinforcing materials 0 trimetaphosphate ion falls within the framework of the general definition of reinforcing materials previously discussed and clarified, as it will provide useful and useful results that it will lead to an increased resistance to permanent or permanent deformation) in the treatment of gypsum (ea) (the roaster). Among the materials that are enhanced and useful in general in this calcined gypsum are calcined phosphoric condensers, each of which consists of units of phosphoric acids in the field: each of which includes condensed phosphates fons and salts or acid 0 phosphate units two or more phosphate units 0 and specific specific examples of such substances include for example acids or sodium trimeta phosphate Which have the formula: anionic The following salts or their parts Repeating units of phosphate units 4 sodium hexametaphosphate “molecular NaPOs” and have the formula phosphate units The number of which ranges from (phosphate units) It has tetrapotassium pyrophosphate « YV=1 =n where Na+2 P, Osn+l molecular formula 10 and has the molecular formula trisodium dipotassium tripolyphosphate « K4 molecular formula 0, and tetrasodium 1 Nas rt Op It has the molecular formula sodium tripolyphosphate « Na; Ca P3 Oy and the formula aluminum trimetaphosphate « Nay P; 0; it has the molecular formula pyrophosphate Nay Hy Py 0 and the molecular formula sodium add pyrophosphate « Al( PO;) molecular and phosphate units and it has repeating units of ammonium polyphosphate units. The formula Lely phosphate units (0001) to (0001) their number ranges from

YAAY

Spots - Lb on [+u0 Py de (NH,) where v., 0001 = p ¢ or polyphosphoric acid has two or more phosphoric repeat units and has the molecular formula 11 ,12 HY nS ap 0 The results obtained using such reinforced materials in the treatment of calcined al gypsum (roasted) have been clarified in Tables Numbers (Ye) (Ve) (\r) In [Table No. (1]) several different reinforcements were used to process calcined gypsy (roasted) in a process for preparing gypsum boards and cubes. Gypsum boards were prepared and treated according to the previous method described and clarified in (Example No. (7)]. Cubes "gypsum rak'ahs" were also prepared and processed using the same method ay all and clarified in Jig [0 No. 0] Laid except for these two cases + then NEE many different reinforcing materials Al Al preferably over trimetaphosphate jo, The hydrated relaxation deviation was measured with the same previous method that was described and illustrated in [Example No. [(Y) , The compressive strength (strength) was also measured using the same method, gy, which was described and illustrated in [Example No. 10 and in [Table No. (46)]. Polyphosphoric a¢iq was used to treat calcined gypsum (roasted). This is in the process of (preparing gypsum boards and cubes. The gypsum boards were prepared and treated with the previous method described and illustrated in (Example No. SY) oo by preparing and treating the cubes with gypsum cubes" in the same manner described and clarified in [Example No. 083]) (1) With the exception of these two, any other reinforcing materials were used, 5 preferring over trimetaphosphate, the hydrated loosening deflection was measured in the same way as described, in [Example No. (7)] », and the strength was measured Compressive (force) Le The method that is described, described and clarified in Jy No. [(1) YAAY

2c - and in [Table No. ac [V0]) the use of ammonium polyphosphate Ammonium dalled Polyphosphate (“APP”) calcined gypsum (roasted) in a process for preparing gypsum boards and treating them with the same method previously described and explained in ‎ JU] No. (7)]; The cubes 'gypsum cubes' were prepared and processed in the same way as previously described and illustrated in [Example No. (1)]; except for these two cases; many different reinforcing materials were used, preferring to trimetaphosphate jon » The relaxation deviation was measured The humidifier was measured using the same previous method that was described and illustrated in [Example No. (7)]. The compressive strength (force) was measured in the same way that was described and clarified in Example No. AO). (VF); (V0) All tested materials 0 which fall within the framework of the aforementioned reinforcing material definition; when used to process calcined gypsum (roasted in the preparation of products containing quick-setting gypsum; they are fia A significantly significant resistance to permanent permanent deformation will appear compared to the control and control samples. YAAY

- oy — ](1”) [Table

XAXY £) Laboratory test results for gypsum cubes with dimensions (7 * 7 *?) and gypsum boards with dimensions of phosphate molded and formed from gypsum mortar with many different additions of phosphate (+,

Chloride and chloride Phosphate salts and other chemicals | Plate Weight Level Delay - | capture range | The amount of compressive strength deviation 1 dry or neutral and you drink the moisturizer after (aay) for cubes (01) by weight | (in grams) (zero) or | water (steam | past (7) water) days m dry 1 (+) accelerator chamber (kg/mm) (en (1) 3/4 by weight ov eet en | saqr ew | a 50007700600 7 gs

AY SL YerY 1,497 + F L M | Sodium Chloride & Sodium A A mi En

Hexametaphosphate

Pyrophosphate

Tripolyphosphate

TY =) Sodium Tripolyphosphate Sasser | Which | I almost accept [em | ee Lephogate

Phosphate te a ey | Soden A Poros tr Lee Te ee Tern To hrc EE a On Lr Te Trisodion Frogs “EY 64 YY + ov, . 1 Monosodium Dihydrogen rtm or ood Phoscate

LT Ce Le ei te TY a era To pig Chon forever LT Tem sa athe

Le TT a en Tine for e er LR Ler Ts Ton To Aline Crile — Le | find | Cut Te To sodium ca

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B_ A 0 -— [Table No.] (10) Laboratory test results for gypsum cubes with dimensions (Yx¥xY) and for gypsum colors z with dimensions (174) 7" 0, +) cast and formed from gypsum mortar by adding polyphosphoric acid Polyphosphoric acid | level | plate weight | delay or | capture range | intensity amount Addition 1 Dry Neutral and Imbibition | Deviation | Compressibility (7) | (in grams) | (0) or 1 Moistened Water 1 for cubes wt. Accelerated (+) (Vapor after (Ve) | Dry (kg water) days / millimeter chamber (Sade | Terrible) i./4.) ( wt. Se Ag Zero 0, 04 Zero/Zero 1 M VY , Yo 7 08 polyphosphoric acid (control and control) SER CY polyphosphoric acid Zero/Zero CY Lea 1,0¢ (mixed with water first) polyphosphoric acid 001 | zero / zero 9 + VAY 09,. (with mixing with water (Va OLY ¥ 71 polyphosphoric acid -/ zero YY “Yo 4” (with water first) YAAY ‏

oy — - [Table No. (Ye) Results of laboratory tests for gypsum cubes with dimensions (Yx¥xy) and gypsum boards with dimensions AXE) for 0 molded and formed from gypsum IN by adding ammonium polyphosphate 21010 log weight level retardation or capture range su compressibility polyphosphate dry addition neutral and water imbibition deflection of dry cubes 1 )( (grams) i) or 1 (jy steam | humidifier SEY 1 By weight Accelerated (+) from room | after (10) square) 8 days by weight mm ee > h a b f and control (with mixing _ with water Yl a aa (with mixing with water & or not (with mixing with water first) Mixed with water first Ee Mixed with water first i TE Mixed with water Vl Et Gypsum mixed first: APPP powder 1 814 | row t / zero ley VV 111 (with mixing with gypsum mortar first 0 AY (with Ly Li gypsum first powder “APP” grade R / zero LV) 0.011 gypsum first YAAY

Day - [Example No. (VY) Calcium sulfate hydrotreatment with two parts of the material Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate cast and formed with several different reinforcement materials: Generally; Any of the reinforcing materials falls within the framework of the general definition of reinforcing materials previously discussed, described and clarified; It will provide useful and beneficial results (in the sense that it will lead to increased resistance to permanent or permanent deformation and an increase in strength) in the treatment of cast molds with “sulfate” and “aqueous” with two parts of “calcium sulfate dihydrate” and among the reinforcing and useful materials in general in This area includes both concentrated phosphoric acids; Each of which consists of two or more units of phosphoric acid “and condensed phosphates 0 ¢ each of which includes two or more units of phosphate units” as well as monobasic salts or monovalent dons -orthophosphates The results obtained from the use of such boosters for the treatment of Ald) calcium sulfate 'with two parts water' calcium sulfate dihydrate in 1 ([Table No. 7 10. In [Table No. 11], the many different materials used by Conan to treat 48D calcium sulfate fast-forming and dry in the form of plates and cubes are shown. The plates were prepared in the same way as previously described and illustrated In [Example No. (7)], then it was treated with further processing in the same previous method that was described and illustrated in Example No. (3) Processing it in the same way as GL is described and illustrated in [Example No. YAAY

Duh - (4) [ + and with the exception of these two cases + many different reinforcing materials were used, preferring to trimetaphosphate. The hydrated relaxation deviation was measured with the same previous method that was described and illustrated in [Example No. [(v) The compressive strength (strength) was also measured by the same method that was described and clarified in [Example No. 0] and the results included in [Table No. (03) show that all the materials that were selected and act within the framework of the general definition of the previous reinforced materials ass. that it can be used to treat the sulfate template and its quick-setting and dry aqueous sulfate, then it will show a large duly resistance [permanent permanent deformation and an increase in strength compared to the control and control samples 0. YAAY]

— 3 0 — [Table No. (1%) [Results of laboratory tests for gypsum cubes with dimensions (YX YXY) and gypsum boards with dimensions XX Yt), +) previously treated, molded and formed from gypsum mortar with many different additions of each of the phosphates Phosphate and chloride Phosphate salts or chemicals | Level | Weight of the board 1 Range of capture Amount of strength Other of a special quality Addition Dry and imbibe (Gilad) Compressibility ((in grams) 1 Water (steam | Humidifier After | for dry weight cubes (1d) water | Oa (kg/mm te mm²) 8 wt Trmephoshai 50000 | Cut out ee ate. Sodium Hexametaphosphate LY OYA +E Tetrapotassium to - Pyrophosphate [een [of | tetrasodium pyrophosphate l | 34 No = [Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate L | ugh | ler [ee Monosodium Dihydrogen 3 087 M 1 M Phosphate 0 Monopotassium Dihydrogen Drla oY 17 Phosphate Phosphoric Acid stated that LL E0A Yavey Sodium Tripolyphosphate LEY control and control sample zero | SEA ARES IY 24 0 Disodium Monohydrogen M Phosphate Trisodium Phosphate Magnesium Chloride Yr 0.4 sodium chloride Those skilled and experienced in this field will realize that it is possible in the manufacture of products containing quick-setting gypsum According to the present invention, the use of a wide range of pH “PHY” i.e. it is greater than or equal to (3.6). YAAY

For him - and in the manufacture of gypsum boards according to the invention (all), it is preferred that the pH range ranges from (2,0) to (10). It is more preferable that this range ranges from (V0) to 0 (0.*) Jud No. (VF) 0 Overcoming the delay and lack of intensity (strength) in the treatment of pre-existing suspicion of calcium sulfate according to the present invention; it has been discovered that the use of some Reinforcing materials lead to a delay in the rate of saturation of the quick-setting gypsum and will also have an opposite effect on a product containing quick-setting gypsum It has also been found that it is possible to improve this delay and the opposite effect on the strength or ay or both Overcoming it by introducing an accelerator into the mixture in an appropriate amount and in an appropriate manner. This has been clarified in [Table No.] (17) following. A thin-bodied slurry has been made according to what is shown in the previous [Example No. 1] Sodium Hexametaphosphate was also used as a reinforcing material A portion of the thin-bodied mortar was tested using the standard specifications of the American Society for Testing and Testing Materials No. 72 © ASTM to determine the time required to reach Cl yo (79) for the hydration of gypsum quick suspicion. Another part of the thin-bodied mortar was used to make cubes according to what was shown in [Example No. 1] previously for the compressive strength test 0. Any of the materials known to be useful and useful in accelerating the rate of formation of quick-setting gypsum can be used for this. The preferred precipitant for this purpose is that which has been previously defined in [Example No. 0](1) VAAY

RH - [Table No. [(VV) The effect of the accelerator or the accelerant substance in overcoming the delay and lack of intensity (strength) Add the accelerator or add Sodium The time required to reach | The intensity of the cube of the precipitate (q A) Hexametaphosphate 7) of the hydration of dry gypsum (kg / (0) by weight (SHR) EIMD 1 | Shakk (minutes) | Anke Maree’) Hamm Sama Ce Aaa A | Ce oe [Example No. [(Y£) Giving gypsum board the desired desired shape In addition to the above, it has been possible to manufacture gypsum board in the required desired shape according to what was mentioned in the invention, Jal. and prior to the present invention; The regular flat gypsum board was modified on a regular basis by wetting the board with water to weaken it and make it more flexible, then adjusting the shape of the board according to the desired shape, then leaving the board and waiting for it to dry. any way ; This previous technique or previous technology highlights many disadvantages and defects of the many different manufacturing and installation as long as the wetting that leads to weakening the board and making it more flexible so that it can be modified to the desired desired shape requires or needs a significant period of time; That is, to the time of YAAY

oqo = 1 hour of time (11) Up to at least 1 hour or up to a time more than that; not the usual for this procedure. In addition, the previous technique is not invasive or quick-acting with easy modification of the shape of the plate If the weakening of the slab does not occur properly, it will be difficult to adjust the shape of the slab to the desired desired shape. For this, there was a great and urgent need for methods, compositions, and components that would lead to reducing the time of wetting and improving the ease of manufacturing and installing gypsum board that had the desired shape. According to a model of the present invention (preferred; it is possible, for example Spraying a flat gypsum board with an aqueous chloride solution containing a reinforcer (as described in the previous examples and in the summary of the present invention) to weaken the board and make it more flexible.Then the weakened and more flexible board can be easily adjusted to The desired desired shape with less volcanic force and much less force than that used in previous techniques; Also, the desired desired shape found in the modified board will be preserved after the board dries, and that is -- resistance to permanent tarnish as due to the presence of the beneficial and beneficial effects of the reinforcing material + and as a sustainable 0 Vo and in particular more specific ; For example; It has been discovered that the gypsum board can be modified to the required shape (/, (, (Ar) Yo) flat gypsum of regular thickness with many different dimensions (such as the desired chloride sajt) by weakening the gypsum board by spraying a solution, etc. ) and containing the substance, + © + Magnesium Chloride. ChCa + sodium chloride - Booster as previously described as a booster to be sprayed onto the board. And to achieve the best results; + (Tergito] NP-9) can apply a wetting or wetting agent [such as a surfactant from Union Carbide Chemical & plastic Neodo] 1-7 Nedol ® 1-5 company , Inc

Vaay

Shell Chemical company as well as TDA-6 & Iconol DA-6 10001 from BASF Corporation or use such wetting agents to obtain a fast and highly efficient weakening treatment. Lad can also use starch (such as starch type 630 Stapol 580 & Stapol from AE.

Staley Mananfactering company 0 to improve the Aled bond between the sheet to the core (center) and to enhance the strength of the modified board. A fluid foaming agent can be included in the salt solution if foaming becomes a problem due to the foaming properties. For wetting or wetting agents. and in the preferred form; The aforementioned salt solution and other curing resources are applied or used on one side of the board; While the other side is not treated to maintain 0 tensile strength on the untreated side of the slab in order to prevent the slab from breaking while modifying its shape. The treated board can be for example gypsum board covered with model paper and any additional typical materials and gypsum compositions or configurations to prevent this board. and in the preferred form; have inner reinforcing material board; Such as premium fibers (such as glass fibres, paper fibres, and/or synthetic fibres). Vo and according to the present invention; Gypsum boards of any size or thickness can have their own modified shapes. According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention + the shape of the paper-covered gypsum board with dimensions sy (Le YTV) “(ode ,5( (ale A)) was modified by treating one side of the gypsum board with a bending solution” (and on the basis of the total weight of the solution) it contains (70.05) by weight of sodium chloride « (720.05) by weight of 0 sodium trimetaphosphate « ) 8 0 by weight of surfactant type (Tergitol NP-9) (as a wetting agent and hydration) ¢ (Le, + Y0) by weight from 580 La) Stapol 53 VAAY

+1 - - average). Sheets of gypsum boards from paper-covered wall panels with dimensions (££) USG SHEETROCK ® brand in many different thicknesses have been sprayed with the previously mentioned and defined bending or all solution; in a manner sufficient to impregnate the board (ae A) by ( 419 kg (approximately) of Jz folding solution; and to impregnate the panel 1",7 (mm)' with (VY) kg Ly of thi or m folding solution. The tests were carried out by curing one side of the wallboard The results obtained were the same regardless of whether the treated side was the front facing side or the back side. VA) The shape of the gypsum wall board of several different thicknesses can be modified as required and desirable after the completion of curing according to the present invention. A few minutes more than what you used to be hours, according to previous patent techniques. In [Table No.] (18) the minimum bending radius for each of the thicknesses of the board (i.e. measuring the degree of bending or folding that can be achieved) has been clarified; the smaller the radius; The greater the ve temperature of bending or folding) and in each of the cases; The minimum radius is significantly smaller than what can be achieved by the techniques known by Lad previously. and as usual; Further folding of the panels can be done in the direction of the wider and essentially weaker width. The preferred method for processing and installing gypsum board in a construction site is as follows: Take chloride salts «starch reinforcement material; Wetting agent. YAAY

Y — 3 _ the amount of water required Gently mix the previous materials to obtain a uniform bending solution l ° Spray the bending solution on one side of the gypsum board l Wait for (Yo —o) Min l Bend or fold the gypsum board to the required curvature; Then install the board, then allow 10 of the board to dry naturally. The level of use by weight of the solution: from (720.05) by weight to (71) by weight of chloride salt ; from (70505) wt. to (F007) wt. Wetting Agent; and from (0, + 0 wt) to (0 + 0 wt) of reinforcing material ¢ and from (YO) 7) wt to (0,7) wt starch. Furthermore, a foaming fluid (eg, Foam Master from Henkel Corporation, in a bending or folding solution, in an amount by weight of the solution ranging from (70.01) by weight to (Fer) by weight, if necessary. YAAY

ht 7 _- _ chloride salt can be used or applied; wetting agent; and the reinforcing material on the board each separately; jointly or in whole and at any time before drying the board to obtain the advantages and benefits of the present invention. [Table No.](18) Waiting time and minimum bending radius or all for gypsum boards of different thicknesses treated with bending solution of the present invention BEN thickness | sll Approximate time | minimum radius 1 Minimum radius lea sally) to wait Lad between application 1 for bending or folding on 1 for bending or folding on solution and bending or folding 1 Length span (mm) Width span cm Board (Gypsum board) Ye 7 min AA YAAY

Claims (1)

- M - elements of protection 1 1 - A method of providing a product containing hardened gypsum comprising a cohesive layer Y of hardened gypsum gypsum material wherein that method includes supplying 1 said hardened gypsum material with one or more reinforcing materials ¢ selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid ° and phosphoric acids 86:09 phosphoric condensed; Each comprising 1 or more phosphoric acid units and 7 condensed salts or phosphates ions; Each of them includes two or more phosphoric phosphate units A and salts of monovalent ions or monovalent ions of orthophosphates. 1 "- The method according to Claim No. (1); where the amount of reinforcing material, Y, ranges from Ja 004 to about 7 by weight, based on the weight of hardened gypsum and material, which is 1 * - the method according to claim No. (1), whereby the amount of reinforcing material Y [in layer] ranges from about 1.04 to about NY by weight; Based on the weight of hardened gypsum 3 .gypsum material 1; - The method according to Claim No. (1), where the amount of reinforcing material Y is about 70.08 by weight; Based on the weight of the hardened gypsum -gypsum material ‎YAAY qe - - - 1 © - The method according to claim No. (1), wherein the reinforcing material includes Y one or more of the following acids or salts; Or from its anionic parts: 3, sodium trimetaphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate having from + to YY a phosphoric unit ° repeated and tetrapotassium pyrophosphate 1 and Trisodium dipotassium tripolyphosphate Vv Sodium tripolyphosphate A, tetrasodium pyrophospgate 9, aluminum trimetaphosphate and 0 sodium acid pyrophosphate pyrophosphate and 1 ammonium polyphosphate have 7 phosphate units repeated from 0001 to 0010 and polyphosphoric acid VY in it? or more phosphoric acid units (aes 4 phosphoric 2610 gphosphoric) monosodium dihydrogen phosphate and monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate 1>1 - The method according to Claim No. (1), where the product containing hardened gypsum material also includes starch pre-converted into a gel .pregelatinized 3 1 " - the method according to Claim No. (1); whereby the product containing hardened gypsum material is formed from one or more of the following: VAAY anhydrite - +1 ¥ calcium sulfate anhydrite or ¢ calcium sulfate hemihydrate calcium ions a spe 1S ° and sulfate A .sulfate) - Method according to claim No. (1); Where the product Y content is formed on gypsum gypsum material bale from calcium sulfate hemihydrate .calcium sulfate hemihydrate 1 1 4 - The method according to claim No. (1) or (A) where the reinforcing material Y contains one or more of the following salts, or their anionic parts: trimeta v sodium trimetaphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate ¢ which has from 1 to 1 ? a phosphate unit ° repeated and ammonium polyphosphate 1 has phosphate units repeated from 0001 to 001, 7-phosphoric acid, monosodium dihydrogen phosphate A, and q monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 01 - method according to Claim No. (1), where the product Y containing hardened gypsum material also includes at least 70,016 by weight (v is based on the weight of the roasted gypsum in the mixture) of chloride salts dons ions { 1 1 - The method according to Claim No. (1), where the product containing Y hardened gypsum material includes a ratio ranging from 0.07 to 70.8 by weight 3 (based on the weight of roasted gypsum in the mixture) from chloride ions or their salts. 11 - The method according to Claim No. (1) or (©), where product Y containing hardened gypsum material is a gypsum board 10 3 .gypsum board 15 1 - The method according to Claim No. (VT) where said gypsum board Y has a relaxation resistance determined according to For ASTM C 473-95 less than about 1 4 mm per length of 1.71 m of the panel 1 5 - Method according to Claim No. (10) where the Lad Y gypsum board includes converted starch Pregelatinized into VAAY-gel 11 - The method according to Claim No. (13); Where the amount of starch Y pregelatinized into a pregelatinized gel ranges from = ( about 8 to about , m by weight; based on 1 on the weight of hardened gypsum-gypsum material 1 - method according to claim No. (Cua) (1). The amount of pre-converted starch Y into gel 60 ranges from about to about 4 by weight, based on the weight of hardened gypsum - gypsum material 1 0 - the method according to Claim No. (71), where the amount of converted starch is ¥ beforehand into a gel of about 20 bY by weight”; based on the weight of roasted rv gypsum 0 “0 1 - the method according to Claim No. (01) where the gypsum board Y has cavities distributed evenly on it 1 1 - The method according to Claim No. (17), where the cavities are formed by using a water-based foam material, where the water-based foam material was formed from a foaming agent, or T = a v from cele agents of the formula the following: - CH3(CH,)xCHy(OCH,;CH,)y0S0:6M® : Cua 8 r is a number from 0 to 01 and AY is a number from zero to 01 and zero is a 1 in At least 50 by weight of the blowing agent or mixture of blowing agents; 14 L is the -cation S 45> _ YY \ - method according to claim No. (17); where AY is zero in proportion Y ranging from (AAT 744 by weight of the blowing agent or mixture of blowing agents. YY \ - The method according to Claim (?1), wherein the mixture also includes Li Y pregelatinized into a pregelatinized gel and an aqueous foam.