RU99341U1 - ELECTRIC DEHYDRATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. Electrodehydrator, comprising a housing, a feed introduction system, an oil discharge fitting, a water discharge fitting, a high voltage power supply, a high voltage input unit and plate electrodes, characterized in that the plate electrodes are made in the form of vertical parallel and alternating between potential and grounded plates which are fixed in the upper part of the housing, and the potential electrodes are fixed by means of suspension insulators and are electrically connected to the high-voltage output of the power source, and the ground ennye electrodes are connected to the housing. ! 2. The electric dehydrator according to claim 1, characterized in that the potential and grounded plate electrodes are made of a hydrophobic polymer composite material with limited electrical conductivity, gradually increasing from the lower edge to the upper. ! 3. Electrodehydrator according to claim 2, characterized in that the plate electrodes are made of a polymer composite material with a negative temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity. ! 4. Electrodehydrator according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plate electrodes are electrically anisotropic, and the electrical conductivity in the thickness of the plate is lower than the electrical conductivity in height.

Description

The utility model relates to electric dehydrators for dehydration and desalination of oil and can be used in the oil and refining industries.

A known electric dehydrator, inside the case of which electrodes are installed and a tubular collector with holes for emulsion distribution, the holes are made along the lower generatrix of the collector, and the electric dehydrator is equipped with V-shaped baffle plates installed under the collector holes (author certificate. No. 613771, V01D 17/06, publ. 05.07.78 g.).

The disadvantages of this electric dehydrator are low efficiency, instability of its operation and high energy consumption caused by uncontrolled formation of conductive chains of water droplets between the electrodes, which lead to overloads of the high-voltage transformer, its emergency shutdowns and the impossibility of stable maintenance of the required electric field strength values for effective demulsification.

Known electric dehydrator containing a housing, a raw material input system, an oil output fitting, a water collector, a high voltage power source, a high voltage input unit and plate electrodes (US Pat. No. 4126537, V01D 13/02, V03C 5/00, publ. 21.11. 1978).

In this electric dehydrator, which is closest to the proposed one, the disadvantages are relatively low efficiency and reliability, mode instability and high energy consumption due to the fact that the destructible water-oil emulsion enters first in the region of maximum electric field strength at the minimum distance between metal electrodes and the concentration of water in it in this section is also maximum, since phase separation has not yet begun. Therefore, this site is characterized by a high probability of systematic electrical breakdowns caused by the intense formation of conductive chains, leading to a significant reduction or complete disappearance of voltage across the entire area of the electrodes and the termination of the coalescence process. In addition, since natural water-oil emulsions are always polydisperse, large droplets of water in the field of maximum field strength are dispersed with the formation of the smallest secondary drops, which can no longer coalesce in the field with reduced tension and are removed from the apparatus with an oil flow.

The objective of the claimed utility model is to increase the efficiency, stability of the process, reduce energy consumption.

This problem is solved in that in an electric dehydrator containing a housing, a feed introduction system, an oil discharge fitting, a water discharge fitting, a high voltage power supply, a high voltage input unit and plate electrodes, plate electrodes are made in the form of vertical, parallel and alternating between themselves potential and grounded plates, which are fixed in the upper part of the housing, and the potential electrodes are fixed using pendant insulators and are electrically connected to the high-voltage output of the source Tanya and grounded electrodes are connected to the housing. In addition, potential and grounded plate electrodes are made of a hydrophobic polymer composite material with limited electrical conductivity, gradually increasing from the lower edge to the top, as well as of a polymer composite material with a negative temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity, and the plate electrodes are electrically anisotropic, and the specific conductivity in thickness the plates of each electrode are lower than the electrical conductivity in height.

Distinctive features of the proposed dehydrator are the implementation of plate electrodes in the form of vertical, parallel and alternating between potential and grounded plates, which are fixed in the upper part of the housing, fixing potential electrodes with pendant insulators and connecting them to the high-voltage output of the power source, connecting the grounded electrodes to the housing . Such an arrangement and connection of the electrodes makes it possible to create conditions both for the enlargement of water droplets moving upward with the oil flow, for which the electric field in the direction of their upward movement is gradually increasing, and for further enlargement of the deposited drops, for which the electric field in the direction of their movement is gradually weakening, and due to hydrophobicity, limited conductivity and anisotropy of the electrical conductivity of the proposed electrodes, complete prevention of m zhelektrodnyh breakdown and short-circuits the power source at any value of the concentration of water in the emulsion stability and elektrodeemulsatsii process, and the negative temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity of the electrode material can largely compensate for the increase in electricity consumption for heating of raw material.

The proposed electric dehydrator is illustrated by the drawings in figures 1-3.

Figure 1 - shows a General view of the electric dehydrator;

figure 2 - graphs of the dependence of the consumed current on the electric field strength (proposed);

figure 3 - graphs of the dependence of the consumed current on the electric field strength (prototype).

The proposed electric dehydrator comprises a housing 1, a raw material input system 2, an oil outlet fitting 3, a water discharge fitting 4, a high voltage power supply 5, a high voltage input unit 6, and plate electrodes. The plate electrodes are made in the form of vertical, parallel and alternating between each other potential plates 7 and grounded plates 8, which are fixed in the upper part of the housing 1. Potential electrodes (plates) 7 are fixed using pendant insulators 9 and are electrically connected to the high-voltage output 10 of the power source 5 and the grounded electrodes 8 are connected to the housing 1. Potential electrodes 7 and grounded electrodes 8 are made of a hydrophobic polymer composite material with limited electrical conductivity, p gradually increasing from the bottom edge to the top, besides the polymer composite material is taken with a negative temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity and the electrodes are electrically anisotropic, and conductivity in the thickness of each electrode plate below the conductivity adjustment.

Electrodehydrator operates as follows. The oil-water emulsion through the input system of raw materials 2 is uniformly introduced into the apparatus, moves vertically upward and first enters the lower part of the interelectrode space, in which, due to the limited conductivity (resistance) of the electrodes, the electric field strength is minimal and sufficient for coalescence of the largest drops of emulsified water, but at the same time while time does not cause their electrical dispersion. Sufficiently enlarged droplets by gravitational force are removed from the interelectrode space and deposited on the bottom of the apparatus. Further, the emulsion being destroyed successively passes through regions of a gradually increasing electric field, in each of which its intensity is optimal for the coalescence of droplets of appropriate sizes. In the upper part of the interelectrode space, the electric field strength is maximum and sufficient for effective coalescence of the finest dispersed water droplets remaining in the oil. In addition, in this region, due to the maximum inhomogeneity of the electric field, dielectrophoretic forces arise that act on the polarized drops and directed downward, which hold small drops in the electric field, thereby increasing their concentration and promoting their coalescence, i.e. in the operating mode, a dynamic equilibrium is established between the processes of forced coalescence of droplets of the dispersed aqueous phase of the oil emulsion and their natural gravitational deposition, namely phase separation. Moreover, the electric treatment mode implemented in the proposed electric dehydrator also stimulates the enlargement of the deposited drops, for which the electric field in the direction of their movement is gradually weakening. The implementation of the electrodes from materials with a set of hydrophobic properties, limited electrical conductivity, electrical conductivity anisotropy and a negative temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity not only prevents electrode breakdowns and short circuits, but also reduces energy consumption. In addition, the proposed electrodes are highly resistant to aggressive environments, high anti-adhesive properties, are not susceptible to electrochemical corrosion and have a low weight, which allows to reduce the load on the suspension insulators and extend their service life.

In the process of electrical testing of the proposed dehydrator with electrodes made of a composite material based on polytetrafluoroethylene with a conductive filler, oil-water emulsions with a mineralized water content of 5% to 50% vol. The dependence of the strength consumed by the electric dehydrator current on the electric field is presented in the graph (figure 2). These tests showed that the electric mode in the entire range of water cuts in the feedstock is stable, current fluctuations, breakdowns and short circuits of the electrodes were not observed up to a field strength of 4 kV / cm, obviously higher than the intensities used in the electrical emulsion of oil, whereas the prototype the water content in the emulsion 2% breakdown and short circuit of the electrodes occurred at a field strength of 1.6 kV / cm, and the field strength during processing of a 5% emulsion could not be raised above 0.7 kV / cm due to short-circuit one circuit electrodes.

In the process of technological testing of the proposed dehydrator, an electro-emulsion of heavy oil with a density of 884 kg / m ³ with an initial water content of 5% to 50% vol. The process was carried out at a temperature of 35 ° C without supplying a demulsifier to the feed. The results of demulsification are shown in the table:

The water content,% vol. At the input of the electric dehydrator At the exit
dehydrator 5 0.06 10 0.09 thirty 0.13 fifty 0.21

As can be seen from the table, the proposed dehydrator allows you to deeply dehydrate heavy oil in a wide range of water cuts of raw materials, while the degree of dehydration exceeds 99%.

Thus, the use of the proposed dehydrator allows you to increase the efficiency of the process of electro-emulsion of oil, reduce energy costs, consumption of demulsifier, thermal energy and increase the stability of the electrical and technological mode.

Currently, semi-industrial tests of the proposed electric dehydrator have been carried out, which have shown its high efficiency, stability in operation and efficiency. It is planned to introduce the proposed electric dehydrator in the IV quarter of 2010.

Claims (4)

1. Electrodehydrator, comprising a housing, a feed introduction system, an oil discharge fitting, a water discharge fitting, a high voltage power supply, a high voltage input unit and plate electrodes, characterized in that the plate electrodes are made in the form of vertical parallel and alternating between potential and grounded plates which are fixed in the upper part of the housing, and the potential electrodes are fixed by means of suspension insulators and are electrically connected to the high-voltage output of the power source, and the ground ennye electrodes are connected to the housing. 2. The electric dehydrator according to claim 1, characterized in that the potential and grounded plate electrodes are made of a hydrophobic polymer composite material with limited electrical conductivity, gradually increasing from the lower edge to the upper. 3. Electrodehydrator according to claim 2, characterized in that the plate electrodes are made of a polymer composite material with a negative temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity. 4. The electric dehydrator according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plate electrodes are electrically anisotropic, and the electrical conductivity in the thickness of the plate is lower than the electrical conductivity in height.