RU99324U1 - HYPERBARIC, OXYGINATED, FUNCTIONALLY ADAPTED (CLIMATICALLY STERILE OR COMFORTABLE) ENVIRONMENT FOR HUMAN OXYGEN AND / OR ANALOGUE - Google Patents

Abstract

 Oxygen-hyperbaric complex, characterized in that it includes a lock chamber, main and auxiliary compressors, air purification equipment containing harmful gas absorbers and filters; oxygen equipment containing cylinders, gearboxes, dispensers, oxygen analyzers; means of monitoring the state of the atmosphere, containing pressure gauges, gas analyzers, moisture meters, temperature sensors; a climate system containing air conditioners, fans for air movement, heaters, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, and also includes a fire system.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

Medicine, sports, animal husbandry, life, entertainment, etc.

The level of technology.

The closest devices from the technical world to us are known decompression chambers (for underwater divers) and hyperbaric medical chambers. But neither one nor the other is intended for active life and can only be used within a narrow medical framework, which fundamentally differs from the proposed model and, in fact, are not its analogues.

Disclosure of a utility model.

The hyperbaric, oxygenated, functionally adapted (climatically, sterile or comfortable) environment is created in enclosed spaces (medical wards, offices, gyms, apartments, etc.) pre-sealed. An increase in atmospheric pressure to two (in some cases more) atmospheres and an increase in oxygen content in it up to 40% (in some cases more) will provide a multiple increase in the partial pressure of respiratory gases (in particular oxygen). In such an environment, the transfer of oxygen to tissues occurs not only due to hemoglobin, but also due to oxygenated blood plasma. An increase in the bioavailability of oxygen enhances the metabolism in humans and animals. The therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygenation in pressure chambers is built on a similar mechanism. In such cells, breathing with pure oxygen and an extremely limited room impedes a person's full life (physical activity, comfort, work, etc.). In addition, pure oxygen imposes some restrictions on certain population groups (there are contraindications - for example, epilepsy), and its use is fraught with oxygen poisoning. The natural composition of the air, enriched with oxygen and compressed to two atmospheres, will provide a softer effect, but by nature the same as the oxygen atmosphere of the pressure chamber. Long-term exposure to such an environment will have a powerful healing effect on the whole body. Accelerating redox reactions in cells provides increased endurance, muscle tone, improved brain function, and restoration of damaged tissues (bone fractures, stretched ligaments, liver, kidney, heart, and pancreas cells). In a healthy person, efficiency increases, the sensitivity of receptors worsens, and the need for sleep and relaxation decreases. In such chronic diseases as asthma, coronary heart disease, etc. a hyperbaric environment will protect against attacks without special medications, and will provide a normal life and working ability to once hopeless people with disabilities.

Using this technology, you can bring to the everyday life of an ordinary person (at home, at work, in the gym, in the hospital, at school) the charm of the beneficial effects of the pressure chamber.

What can be expected from the application of this model in various branches of science and technology?

Take medicine as an example. Specifically, we equip the operating room and intensive care unit. What benefits does this give the maintenance staff? In such an atmosphere, doctors will get tired much less than usual, the brain will work better, reflexes will aggravate, and work efficiency will increase. For the patient? The bioavailability of oxygen is practically not tied to the hemoglobin content in the blood and will contribute to the survival of those who, under other conditions, would die from hypoxia. Improving metabolism in all cases will beneficially affect both the course of the operation and the subsequent restoration of the patient's health. It will be possible to use new technologies, for example, the use of colloidal solutions aerated with pure oxygen, the intravenous administration of which can temporarily provide the brain with oxygen, when the lungs are unable to perform their function, before connecting the artificial lung.

In addition, the increased oxygen content contributes to the creation of a supersterile atmosphere in the room. An environment with a high oxygen content is detrimental to anaerobes, which can be used in purulent surgery, for example, for the treatment of patients with gas gangrene. In many cases, there will be no need to use antibiotics, which, in addition to having a positive effect on the course of the disease, also have a range of damaging effects on the body as a whole and are not quite effective.

A maternity ward equipped in this way will minimize the number of children born with hypoxia and the risk of labor bleeding, in which women in labor experience acute oxygen starvation due to a sharp drop in hemoglobin.

Physiotherapy rooms will significantly increase the effectiveness of their patient rehabilitation activities.

Sport?

The gym will increase the endurance of athletes, which will increase the effectiveness of training. Muscle mass will grow better, ligaments get stronger faster with less fatigue from training, with greater comfort.

In classrooms, you can improve student performance and intellectual development. In offices, you can achieve such effects and significantly increase the comfort of staying in the workplace, minimizing the impact of inactivity.

In addition, the environment of such premises remains dynamic, and its characteristics can easily be changed without special training. You can increase or decrease the pressure or oxygen content, you can add aromas, climate changes (temperature, humidity, air flow), the evaporation of essential oils for the purpose of general healing, add nitrous oxide to exacerbate sensuality, etc. And at the same time, there always remains the possibility of immediately ventilating the room without depressurization. By these means it is possible to create any microclimate in the premises at any time of the year (wet sea breeze, velvet tropics, etc.), for example, for elite salons or restaurants.

Thus, the main objective of the proposed habitat model is to act on living organisms breathing atmospheric oxygen by means of increasing the partial pressure of oxygen in the inhaled gas mixture. At the same time, the vital activity of organisms at the cellular level improves, which causes such a wide range of effects-effects (healing, increasing comfort, increasing efficiency and other abilities). Impact equally applies to both humans and animals.

The technical result of the model: the creation and maintenance of increased partial pressure of oxygen of the respiratory mixture in rooms intended for the active work of humans and / or animals.

The technical result is achieved in two main ways: increasing air pressure and increasing the quantitative oxygen content in the air.

In this regard, the technical result will be achieved even with the inclusion of at least one component. According to the Boyle-Mariotte law (the volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure), so at double pressure even of ordinary air, the volume (and hence the amount) of oxygen entering the lungs with one breath will double, which will naturally affect its diffusion rate in blood. In addition, according to the Henry-Dalton law, the solubility of gases in liquids is proportional to the gas pressure.

When additional oxygen is introduced into the mixture, we enhance the technical result by increasing the partial pressure of oxygen in the hyperbaric mixture. Which, according to the same Henry-Dalton law, will proportionally increase the quantitative dissolution of oxygen in blood plasma.

Characteristic features of the model.

1. Structural elements.

1.1. Indoors.

1.2. Sealing elements (double-glazed windows, mastics, rubbers, adhesives, sealants, etc.)

1.3. Compressors for pumping air and maintaining pressure.

1.4. Oxygen equipment (cylinders, gearboxes, dispensers, oxygen analyzers, automation).

1.5. Equipment for air purification from harmful impurities, dust, spores, bacteria, harmful gases (filters, absorbers of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases).

1.6. Atmosphere controls, (pressure gauges, gas analyzers, moisture meters, temperature sensors).

1.7. Climatic system (air conditioners, fans for the movement of the atmosphere, heaters, humidifiers, dehumidifiers).

1.8. Reinforced fire system due to increased risk of fire in oxygenated environments.

1.9. Transition chamber with preliminary pumping of high pressure, with an adjustable passage time through it, in order to avoid the development of decompression sickness.

2. The connection between the elements is preferably centralized, for more convenient and reliable system maintenance.

3. The form of the connection between the elements should be considered in connection with the purpose of a particular model.

4. Parameters, shapes and arrangement of elements are selected directly for a particular room and the intended purpose of this room.

A brief description of the graphic scheme.

1. The room of the lock chamber.

2. Auxiliary compressor for pumping overpressure from the lock chamber.

3. The control panel of the lock chamber.

4. The door to the main room.

5. The door of the room for the regeneration of capacities (adsorbers of carbon dioxide).

6. The door to the lock chamber.

7. The room for the regeneration of capacities.

8. A device for placement and ventilation of capacities.

9. The ventilation shaft.

10. Ventilation diffuser.

11. The main compressor.

12. Coarse air filter.

13. Fine air filter.

14. Air conditioning.

15. Oxygen equipment.

16. Air dryer.

17. Air heater.

18. Gateway for ventilation.

19. Fire points.

20. Automation control panel.

21. The location of the operator.

Implementation of a utility model.

The design of the model described below can be used in the production hall, office space, sports hall, conference room, etc.

The implementation of the project should be divided into 5 stages.

1. Sealing the main room.

2. The construction of a lock chamber and a room for the regeneration of capacities.

3. Installation of equipment and finishing work.

4. Commissioning activities.

5. Tests.

1. Sealing the main room should begin with the replacement of windows. It is necessary to install durable non-breaking glass units, and large areas of continuous glass surfaces should be replaced with several smaller sizes, reinforcing them with an additional number of frame jumpers. The packages should be made of glass-reinforced glass, in order to avoid rapid depressurization of the room in an emergency (earthquake, stone punch, etc.) The gaps between the windows and the wall should not be blown out with polyurethane, but filled with silicone sealants with large deformation characteristics, so that ensure perfect tightness during temperature changes.

It is advisable to cover the lower floors of porous materials (concrete, reinforced concrete) with a significant layer of 2-3 cm with amphoteric semi-liquid mastics based on bitumen.

For walls and ceilings, drying mastics based on crude rubber or silicone with maximum penetration into porous materials are suitable. Mastics containing formaldehyde or other toxic volatile substances should not be used. Prior to the continuation of the work, it is necessary to follow the thorough ventilation of the room during the entire time of technological drying or hardening of the mixtures specified in the technical description.

On this rough sealing can be considered complete. Further sealing measures will be carried out as necessary during the installation of equipment and the construction of the lock chamber.

2. For the lock chamber 1, you can separate the place both in the main room and outside it in close proximity to it. The most simple for this purpose seems to be the sealing of a part of the corridor, previously separated by a metal-plastic partition with reinforced double-glazed windows.

The door 6 is attracted by electromagnets, which prevent unauthorized opening. Magnets release the door only when door 4 is closed and pre-aligned with external atmospheric pressure. Similarly, door 4 only opens when door 6 is closed and the pressure is aligned with the interior. On panel 3, you can track the dynamics of changes in the pressure characteristics in the lock chamber and control the operation of the additional compressor 2.

The pressurized room 7, where the regeneration of carbon dioxide adsorbers takes place, can be constructed in a similar way. Doors 5, also equipped with electromagnetic locks, open only with closed doors 6 and 4 and equalized pressure in rooms 1 and 7.

3. Installation of equipment should be carried out in a natural way, trying to clutter the room with it minimally.

For example, capasity ventilation can be located under a wooden flooring. In the recesses 8, retractor fans are installed, and replaceable cassettes are located above them, covered with aesthetic grilles on top. The air drawn in by the fan will pass through the cleaning cassette and be supplied through the ventilation passage 9 under the suspended ceiling to the diffuser 10. The main compressor 11 and the oxygen system 15 are located outside the room. Filters 12 and 13 can be combined with a compressor. Some companies provide the ability to install them integrated with the compressor.

Air conditioner 14 is best located below the suspended ceiling, for its better functioning. Like a desiccant 16 and a heater 17 it is better not to hide.

The fittings of the fire system 19 naturally lead to the ceiling. Communications are provided to the control panel 20 in zone 21 for the operator. Testing of equipment can be carried out before finishing work, and repeat them after.

4. Commissioning must be carried out with an engineer who was responsible for the development and installation of automation. Even with the perfect functioning of the automation, manual control should be provided in case of an emergency.

5. Before putting into operation, the model must pass the tests with maximum loads (many people in the room, the maximum operating time of the capacities, the speed of ventilation in an emergency, etc.).

The principle of the model.

The first filling starts with air supply through a screw compressor 11. To place about 100 cubic meters, it is advisable to use a medium-capacity compressor pumping 3-5 cubic meters per minute. The unit is configured in such a way as to pump air until the pressure in the room rises to two atmospheres, then it fills the receiver to cover minor leaks without operation of the unit itself and turns off.

Then the oxygen complex is connected. The oxygen content rises to 35-40%. During operation of the complex, capasity fans should be turned on for intensive mixing of the atmosphere and removal of excess carbon dioxide pumped from the street. When the optimum oxygen content is reached, the oxygen complex stops its work. All this can be done manually, guided by the readings of devices (gas analyzers). But you can try to automate in order to facilitate the task for the operator, or completely eliminate the human factor.

As a result, 20 kilograms of oxygen will be consumed and 30-40 minutes of time will be spent. The pressure is likely to exceed two atmospheres by 15 percent, which will quickly equalize due to the inevitable losses from leaks. As soon as the pressure drops below the set pressure, the compressor will pump it. As soon as the oxygen content drops below 35%, the oxygen complex will turn on and pump up to 40%.

The carbon dioxide and impurities purification system is activated when the oxygen complex is operating or when the carbon dioxide content exceeds 0.3%.

In the process of life, a person releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere on average 20-30 liters per hour (much more during intensive loads). When selecting capacities, their capacity for the estimated number of human hours should be taken into account in order to avoid emergency ventilation in the presence of people. Although this is not dangerous, but depending on the weather outside, the indoor climate of the room may temporarily change in temperature. In addition, the weathering of all excess oxygen will occur, which will also reduce the comfort of the room for a while. Humidity can also increase to some extent. Therefore, capacities should be selected so that you can always change them without creating discomfort for people, and so that their life does not end unexpectedly, for example, during an important meeting. The filled capacities are removed and taken out to the room for regeneration, and additional ones are installed in their place. Their filling can be judged by the increase in carbon dioxide in the room.

Climatic conditions are maintained in the room by air conditioning and a heater in the role of which a warm floor can also act.

It should be remembered that a person on average emits 50 grams into the atmosphere. moisture per hour in the form of steam. Therefore, when the humidity in the room rises above the set by the operator (say 60%), an air dryer 16 is connected.

In order to enter the working room, it is necessary to turn on the compressor 2 from the inside or outside to equalize the atmospheric pressure inside the lock chamber and outside. When the pressure in the chamber reaches 1 atmosphere, the input lock 6 will turn off and you can enter the chamber. Then the lock is closed, the tap opens from the inside and the pressure is equalized to 2 atmospheres. Door 4 opens and you can go inside. At the same time, there will inevitably be some loss of excess oxygen in the lock chamber when door 6 is opened. But it is so insignificant that it can be neglected.

Emergency ventilation occurs as follows. If the carbon dioxide level has reached the level of 1%, the lock 18 opens and begins to intensively bleed the internal pressure out. Its throughput should be slightly lower (2-3 cubic meters per minute) than the ability of the main compressor 11 to pump air. As soon as the pressure in the room begins to drop, the compressor is turned on to maintain the pressure and there is circulatory ventilation as in a flowing lake. Within 1-1.5 hours, the atmosphere in the room will be replaced by 90%. As soon as the gateway 18 is closed, the pressure stops falling, the compressor is turned off. The oxygen complex is turned on, if necessary, air conditioning, a heater, a dehumidifier and necessarily capacities.

To ensure safety, in case of an emergency power outage, it is necessary to have an additional power source for compressor 2, so that people can freely leave the room.

A cheaper, lighter version of such a model - a relatively pressurized room is pumped with double pressure of the external atmosphere and is used with constant circulatory ventilation through the ventilation gate 18. At the same time, the possibility of using an oxygen complex is eliminated, which reduces the technical result. In addition, such use of the model is strongly tied to environmental conditions. Airing will practically reduce to zero the use of air conditioning, heating, air dryer. But at the same time, you can do without the use of capacities, which will significantly reduce the cost of equipment and simplify maintenance.

The essence of the utility model is the combination of several technical complexes that ensure its technical result.

1. The main (in diagram 11) and auxiliary (2) compressors, ventilation gateway (18). Designed to maintain optimal air pressure inside the room and ventilate it.

2. Equipment for air purification - Fans and capacities (8), air filters (12 and 13). Designed to cleanse the air of harmful substances (gases, dust).

3. Oxygen complex (15) including oxygen cylinders, gearboxes, dispensers and electronics, which quickly reacts to the readings and analyzes the atmosphere of the instruments. Designed to maintain a given percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere of the room.

4. Atmospheric controls (20 and 3) - gas analyzers, pressure gauges, temperature sensors, moisture meters, toxic substances sensors. Required to identify deficiencies in the atmosphere of the room and signal for the operator or working complex.

5. Climatic system - air conditioning (14), air dryer (16), heater (17). Designed to maintain optimal, given temperature and humidity.

6. Structural elements - ventilation shafts (9, 10), a transition chamber (1), a room for the regeneration of capacities (7). Act as additional necessary elements to maintain stable operation of the entire system.

Claims (1)

Oxygen-hyperbaric complex, characterized in that it includes a lock chamber, main and auxiliary compressors, air purification equipment containing harmful gas absorbers and filters; oxygen equipment containing cylinders, reducers, dispensers, oxygen analyzers; means of monitoring the state of the atmosphere, containing manometers, gas analyzers, moisture meters, temperature sensors; a climate system containing air conditioners, fans for air movement, heaters, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, and also includes a fire system.