RU99070U1 - DEVICE FOR NEUTRALIZING EXHAUST GASES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - Google Patents

Abstract

 A device for neutralizing exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine comprising a body in the form of a cylindrical vessel, with an inlet pipe for connecting to an engine and an outlet pipe for connecting to an exhaust gas line, a metal catalyst fixed in a housing in a permeable shell, characterized in that it further comprises a tubular divider gases, and as a catalyst, a polymetallic alloy of metals Ni, Fe, Co, Mn, and Al obtained from a highly branched nanostructure obtained in the combustion mode is used turirovannoy active surface of granules with dimensions of less than 3.5 mm and a specific surface area of not less than 10 m2 / g.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering, mainly automobile manufacturing, namely, devices (structures) for neutralizing the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine (ICE), reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines and for preventing the ingress of highly toxic components (CO, CH, NOx), located in the combustion products of the internal combustion engine, into the environment.

A device is known for low-temperature neutralization of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, which comprises a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles and a catalyst fixed in the housing, while the housing of the device is made of an oval, round or rectangular cross-sectional length when the ratio of the areas of the outlet and inlet nozzles taken (1 , 4-3,2): 1, the catalyst is made permeable to exhaust gases from base metals or their alloys with a free energy of 5-30 kcal / mol, and the device is mounted on cf Use an exhaust pipe with a clearance (RU 2116472 C1, F01N 3/28, 07.27.1998). The known device provides the necessary degree of purification of exhaust gases from carbon oxides and nitrogen without the use for the catalysis of expensive noble metals and additional heating of the exhaust gases. A disadvantage of the known device is the low degree of purification of exhaust gases from carbon monoxide CO (not more than 25%) and NOx (15%).

A known ICE exhaust gas catalytic converter, which contains a housing with inlet and outlet pipes, grids with a catalyst, a cup, the cavity of which is filled with metal shavings or wire made of stainless steel, molybdenum or tungsten, and a control ring that regulates the fraction of gas flows passing through various cavity by blocking to a greater or lesser extent the gas outlet openings, and the catalyst is made in the form of porous tablets, porous ceramics or perforated metal sheet nt with catalytically active materials deposited on its surface (RU 2253021 C2, F01N 3/28, 05.27.2005). The use of catalytic materials allows using the developed design of the catalytic converter to remove such environmentally hazardous components as aerosols (up to 100%), hydrocarbons (up to 100%), carbon monoxide (up to 90%), oil components (up to 100%) from ICE exhaust gases . A disadvantage of the known device is the rather low degree of purification of exhaust gases from carbon monoxide (up to 90%) and the high consumption of catalyst. The complexity of the design with a switching disk, while switching the gas flow to the internal cavity, there is simply a rough filtering of gases without their catalytic neutralization.

The objective of the utility model is to create an effective, easy-to-use, universal and inexpensive device for the catalytic purification of ICE exhaust gases from environmentally hazardous components.

The technical result of the utility model is to achieve a high degree of purification of exhaust gases, increase the operating time of the device, reduce its dimensions, while reducing the consumption of used catalyst.

The technical result of the utility model is achieved in that the device for neutralizing the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine comprises a body in the form of a cylindrical vessel, with an inlet pipe for connecting to an engine and an outlet pipe for connecting to an exhaust gas line, a tubular gas divider mounted in a housing in a permeable shell metal catalyst, which is used, obtained in the combustion mode, a polymetallic alloy of metals Ni, Fe, Co, Mn and Al, with a highly branched, nano trukturirovannoy, active surface, with the grain size not exceeding 3.5 mm and a specific surface area of at least 10 m / g. Polymetallic alloy contains these metals in the following ratio, wt.%: Ni 16-41; Fe 18-44; From 6-8; Mn 2-2.5; Al the rest.

In FIG. presents a General view of the device (a), a General diagram of the device (b) in the context and view of the site of the catalytic layer (C). The device comprises a housing 1, input 2 and output 3 nozzles, a gas divider 4, a permeable shell 5, in which the catalyst 6 is located.

The device according to the utility model has the trade name catalytic gas-cleaning filters (FCO). Types (models) of filters differ in size and diameter of the nozzles.

The principle of operation of the device (filter) is based on deep oxidation (afterburning) of toxic impurities of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (CHx) on the catalyst surface to a level below the hygiene standards of GN 2.1.6.1338-03.

The test results of the FKO filters during the purification of engine exhaust from harmful impurities (form according to GOST R 51249-99) are presented in the table. From the presented data it follows that the MPC of carbon monoxide, CO in the working area is reduced by 95%

The content of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in terms of NO _{2 is also} reduced by 95%.

From the presented data it also follows that the service life of the filter is 150 hours at a maximum temperature of its operation of 600 ° C, which is much more effective than the known analogues.

Thus, the device due to the use of a new catalyst - a polymetallic alloy of metals Ni, Fe, Co, Mn and Al, obtained in the combustion mode, having a highly branched, nanostructured surface, has higher operating parameters relative to the known ones and can be successfully used to reduce toxicity exhaust gases of internal combustion engines and to prevent the ingress of highly toxic components (CO, CH, NOx) found in the combustion products of ICE into the environment.

Table No. p. Name of indicator FKO filter model one 2 3 one Maximum working temperature (gases at the inlet), ° С, no more 600 600 600 2 Filter service life (operating time with effective gas cleaning), hours, no less than *) 150 150 150 3 The degree of purification of exhaust gases,%, not less 95 95 95 four Connecting (outer) diameter of (inlet / outlet) nozzles, mm 97/100 100/108 210/220 5 Overall dimensions of the filter ** (without connecting branch pipes), mm: height diameter ⁾ 345 1100 340 1200 525 1,400 6 Filter mass, kg 45 75 110 Notes: - *) The service life of the filter can be extended by changing or regenerating the catalyst (as agreed with the consumer). **) Filters are supplied with connecting nozzles with a length of not more than 250 mm, in agreement with the consumer, the length of the connecting nozzles may vary.

Claims (1)

A device for neutralizing exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine comprising a body in the form of a cylindrical vessel, with an inlet pipe for connecting to an engine and an outlet pipe for connecting to an exhaust gas line, a metal catalyst fixed in a housing in a permeable shell, characterized in that it further comprises a tubular divider gases, and as a catalyst, a polymetallic alloy of metals Ni, Fe, Co, Mn, and Al obtained from a highly branched nanostructure obtained in the combustion mode is used turirovannoy active surface of granules with dimensions of less than 3.5 mm and a specific surface area of at least 10 m ² / g.