RU98352U1 - HYDRAULIC PRESS FOR COMPACTING SOLID WASTE IN A BARREL AND PRESSING A FILLED BARREL WITH A LID IN A BRIQUET - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A hydraulic press for compacting solid waste in a barrel and extruding a filled barrel with a lid into a briquette, comprising a frame consisting of upper and lower cross members strung together by columns, mounted on columns with the possibility of moving from the power cylinders a slider with a sleeve fixed in its lower part, the main a power cylinder mounted on the upper cross member and a stamp, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the barrel, the slider being made with a central through hole matching the central hole of the and forming a common cavity with it, and the press stamp is mounted to move the slider and the sleeve in the hole, a loading window is placed in the side wall of the slider, docked with the waste feeder, characterized in that the press is equipped with a traverse placed over the slider with the possibility of movement along the columns, on which the plunger of the main ram is fixed on top, and a press stamp is attached to the bottom, the main ram is equipped with a lower flange on which the rams of the press ram are fixed, the rods are They are fastened with a traverse, a support heel, located on the lower cross member, and a press washer adapted for installation on the barrel lid during pressing, while the diameter of the press washer exceeds the diameter of the barrel, and the inner diameter of the sleeve exceeds the diameter of the press washer. ! 2. The hydraulic press according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the main ram is used as the upper cross member. ! 3. The hydraulic press according to claim 1, characterized in that the press washer is equipped with a flange. ! 4. The hydraulic press according to claim 1, characterized in that in

Description

The proposed technical solution relates to equipment for compact packaging of solid waste, in particular, radioactive waste entering the barrel, followed by extrusion of the filled barrel with a lid into the briquette, and can be used to reduce the volume of waste before disposal or disposal.

Currently, the issue of increasing the compacting density of waste in order to reduce the cost of their storage and disposal due to more rational use of the areas and volumes of storage facilities is relevant. Complexes of equipment for compacting waste using superpresses (supercompactors) with a force of 10 ... 20 MN (1000 ... 2000 tf) have become widespread. Such complexes, as a rule, consist of a press with a force of 160 ... 950 kN for compacting solid radioactive waste (SRW) into barrels (pre-presser) with a set of mechanization tools (mechanisms for feeding and dispensing barrels, removal and crimping of barrel covers), an intermediate warehouse for filled barrels with a set of mechanization and superpress tools with a set of mechanization tools (barrels feeding and unloading briquettes, briquette height meter, briquettes accumulator and container loader). For example, see Karasev M.A., Baranov I.V., Blik F.S., Soshnikov B.C. Forging equipment of Uralmashzavod. Yekaterinburg: Ural Center for PR and Advertising, 2004, 480 p. // Blik F.S., Shevelev V.V. Press complex with a hydraulic press with an effort of 10 MN for briquetting of radioactive waste. - p. 219-227; Skachek M.A. Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste Management: A Textbook for High Schools. - M.: Publishing House MPEI, 2007. - 448 p .; NUKEM company brochures (Federal Republic of Germany) "Radioactive waste compaction", information materials from FOTIJNE GROTNES (Netherlands) on stationary and mobile presses - "supercompactors" with forces of 15 MN, 20 MN and 50 MN.

Such complexes occupy significant areas in expensive sealed rooms, have a large metal consumption and energy consumption. Often such complexes are operated several times a year for a month or less, as waste accumulates. In Europe, mobile superpresses have become widespread, which are delivered to facilities as barrels of waste accumulate to be pressed into briquettes (supercompacting). For the territory of the Russian Federation, characterized by large distances between the sources of SRW, difficult climatic conditions and the absence of a continuous network of high-quality roads, it is more attractive to have at each facility its own waste disposal complex. With a low utilization rate of equipment (less than 0.5), it is advisable to get a gain in space even by reducing the productivity of the equipment.

A known press for enhanced compression of solid waste containing a bed with upper and lower plates and rotary trunnions, a stamp with a press washer, a matrix, a main hydraulic cylinder with a plunger, a hydraulic reverse cylinder, hydraulic cylinders for moving the matrix, stationary and rotary bearings, a container loading device with waste and unloading compressed packages (application Germany No. 3319698 IPC G21F 9/36, 1984).

The disadvantages of the known press are large dimensions and weight, low productivity due to the use of crane operations and the inability to compress (compact) portions of waste directly in the bag (capacity).

A device is known for filling packages with solid waste, compaction and packaging (RF patent No. 2111567 IPC G21F 9/36, 1998), containing a packaging unit located in a protective case, a dispenser connected to a dispenser with the possibility of multiple sealing in packets of metered portions of waste press, including a frame consisting of upper and lower cross members pulled together by columns, mounted on columns with the possibility of moving from the power cylinders a slider with a sleeve fixed in its lower part, the main force mounted on the upper cross member howl cylinder, fastened with a stamp, and the slider is made with a Central through hole coinciding with the Central hole of the sleeve and forming a common cavity with it, and the stamp is mounted with the possibility of movement in the hole of the slide and sleeve, in the side wall of the slider is placed a loading window docked with a feeder, the pusher of which is connected to the auxiliary power cylinder.

The device according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2111567 is the closest claimed in technical essence and is selected as a prototype. The main disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to obtain a briquette by pressing a waste barrel.

The objective of the utility model is the elimination of the listed disadvantages of analogues and the creation of a universal combined press capable of maximally compacting waste directly in the barrel and pressing the waste filled barrel closed with a lid into a compact briquette.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the inventive press, including, like the prototype, a frame consisting of upper and lower cross members strung together by columns, mounted on columns with the possibility of moving from the power cylinders a slider with a sleeve fixed in its lower part, mounted on the upper cross member the main power cylinder, fastened with a stamp, and the slider is made with a Central through hole coinciding with the Central hole of the sleeve and forming a common cavity with it, and the stamp is mounted the possibility of movement in the hole of the slider and sleeve, in the side wall of the slider there is a loading window docked with the waste feeder, characterized in that it is equipped with a traverse placed above the slider with the ability to move along the columns, on which the plunger of the main power cylinder is fixed on top, and the press is attached on the bottom -stamp, the main power cylinder is equipped with a lower flange on which cylinders are fixed, the rods of which are fastened with a traverse, a support heel located on the lower cross member, and a press washer, is adapted it can be installed on the barrel lid when pressing, while the diameter of the press washer exceeds the diameter of the barrel, the inner diameter of the sleeve exceeds the diameter of the washer.

In addition, the inventive press for compacting solid waste in the barrel and extruding the barrel with a lid in the briquette, the upper cross member can be made in the form of the bottom of the main ram.

The press washer can be flanged, and a viewing window is made in the side wall of the slider opposite the loading window.

The press is equipped with an automatic control system and a television installation, mounted with the ability to monitor the pressing processes. To install the barrel along the axis of the press and punching holes to drain the liquid from the barrel, the press is equipped with centering devices.

The press is equipped with a dustproof casing with a nozzle for connection to a dust collection system, in the casing there are openings for the trolley to pass and waste to be fed into the slider channel, blocked by shutters connected to the rods of the slider drive cylinders.

The drawings attached to the application provide an embodiment of the claimed technical solution. In Fig.1 shows a front view And the press with a conditionally not shown casing, Fig.2 is a front view of the press with the casing, Fig.3 is a side view of the press with the casing.

A press for compacting solid waste in a barrel and pressing out a drum filled with waste with a lid in the briquette comprises a power frame consisting of four cross members strung together by four columns 1. In the lower part of the power frame of the column 1, by means of nuts, they are fastened in the holes of the lower cross member 3. Between the upper 2 and lower 3 cross members, the slider 4 mounted on the columns 1 is moved with the sleeve (matrix) attached to its lower part 5. The slide 4 is moved using four power the cylinder 6 of the drive of the slider 4. The slider 4 is made with a Central through hole 7, coinciding with the Central hole of the sleeve 5 and forming a common cavity with it.

On the upper cross member 2, the main power cylinder housing 8 is fixed. A plunger 9 is installed inside the cylinder body 8. The upper cross member 2 in this embodiment of the press is the bottom of the main power cylinder 8. The central hole in the bottom (upper cross member 2) serves to supply the working cylinder 8 liquids.

The housing of the main power cylinder 8 is equipped with a lower flange 10, on which are mounted brackets for mounting the cylinders 11 of the drive of the press stamp 12. To the end of the plunger 9 is a movable beam 13, located above the slider 4 and connected by rods and crossbars to the rods of two cylinders 11 s the possibility of its movement along the columns 1. On the lower plane of the crosshead 13, a press stamp 12 is mounted, mounted for movement in the holes of the slider 4 and the sleeve 5. The diameter of the press stamp 12 is less than the inner diameter of the waste barrel 14, and the inner diameter of the sleeve 5 is larger than the outer diameter of the barrel 14.

In the side walls of the slider 4 there is a loading window 15 for supplying waste and a viewing window 16 for monitoring the pressing processes. The slider 4 with the sleeve 5 in the collection serves for the passage of solid waste into the barrel during the pre-pressing operations, as well as for the formation of a briquette when unpressing the filled barrel 14.

On the upper plane of the lower cross member 3, a support heel 17 and two centralizers 18 are fixed for additional centering of the barrel 14 along the axis of the press and for punching holes in the wall of the barrel 14 for draining the liquid when pressing wet waste.

The press is also equipped with a press washer 19, adapted for installation on the lid of the barrel 14 when being pressed, the diameter of the press washer 19 must be larger than the outer diameter of the barrel 14, and the inner diameter of the sleeve 5 must exceed the diameter of the press washer 19. The press washer 19 can have a flange covering the lid of the barrel 14 from the outside.

The inventive press is equipped with an automatic control system with a remote control and a television installation mounted with the ability to monitor the pressing processes (not shown in the figures). In addition, all nodes of the press are housed in a dustproof cover 20. The cover 20 is attached to the stationary base parts of the press and serves to isolate the working area of the press, in which dust can be generated by pressing waste.

Openings with vertically movable shutters 21 for entering and exiting the cart with barrel 14 are made in opposite walls of the dustproof casing 20. The shutters 21 are connected to the power cylinders 6 through brackets mounted on their rods. The loading window 15 may open and close with a shutter 22 connected to the rod of one of the cylinders 6.

Columns 1 with nuts perceive both the axial load of the working cylinder 8 and the bending arising from the eccentric application of the working load to the press stamp 12, which is transmitted to the inner wall of the sleeve 5. The frame structure is supported by four supports that are attached to the side surfaces of the lower cross member 3. Supports are installed on the foundation and fastened to it with foundation bolts.

The work of the press is carried out in the following order.

In the initial position, the press stamp 12 and the sleeve 5 are raised to their highest position, the shutters 21 for the passage of the trolley are raised, the shutter 22 of the loading window 15 closes the waste supply cavity, the centralizers 18 are in the extreme diluted position.

An empty barrel 14 with a lid is mounted on the drive trolley and moves under the lid removal and crimping mechanism (not shown in the figure). The mechanism for removing the cover is lowered onto the cover of the barrel 14, captures it and rises to the upper position.

A trolley with a barrel 14 without a cover is delivered under the press through an opening in the casing 20. At the position of the press, the barrel 14 is mounted along its axis with centering devices 18, which simultaneously punch holes in the wall of the barrel 14 to allow moisture to escape when compacted. According to the signals of the sensors of the extreme shifted position of the centralizers 18, they return to their original position.

Then onto the barrel 14 slider 4 is lowered with a sleeve 5, covering the barrel 14 from the outside, covering it. At the end of the stroke, the sleeve 5 abuts against the trolley on which the barrel 14 is mounted and compresses the suspension springs, pressing the trolley platform to the heel 17 of the lower cross member 3. At the same time, the shutter 21 of the casing 20 is lowered, sealing the pressing zone. The axis of the loading channel of the slider 4 is aligned with the axis of the waste feed and the shutter 22 of the loading window 15 is lowered, opening the waste feed cavity. According to the signal of the sensor of the lowest position of the sleeve 5 when the press stamp 13 is in the highest position, waste is fed into the barrel 14.

The hydraulic cylinders 11 move the stamp 12 down, it enters the barrel 14 (since its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the barrel 14), prepressing the waste in the barrel 14. Pre-pressing (under-pressing) of the waste is carried out using only the cylinders 11 of the drive for moving the press stamps 12 with a movable traverse 13. Moisture contained in the pressed waste is squeezed out through holes punched in the walls of the barrel 14 and flows down the inner wall of the sleeve 5 onto the carriage, and from it is fed into the drain of drain water. This is followed by several more pre-press cycles until the barrel 14 is full. Observation is conducted through the viewing window 16 of the slider 4 using a television installation.

After the process of pressing the waste in the barrel 14, the slider 4 with the sleeve 5 of the cylinders 6, and then the stamp 12 by the cylinders 11 are raised to the upper position, releasing the barrel 14. At the same time, the shutters 21 for the passage of the trolley are opened. The cart delivers the filled barrel 14 to the device for capping it with a lid. The mechanism for removing and crimping the lid (not shown in the figure) lowers the lid onto the barrel 14 and compresses it, capping the barrel 14. The trolley with the corked barrel 14 moves to the packing position of the press washer 19, on which the manipulator puts the press washer 19 on the barrel cover 14 .

The corked barrel 14 with the washer 19 laid on its lid is again fed by a trolley under the press. At the press position, the barrel 14 is again installed by the centering devices 18, punching simultaneously in the wall of the barrel 14 holes for moisture to exit during pressing. Then, a slider 4 with a sleeve 5 is lowered onto the barrel 14 with the press washer 19, covering the barrel 14 from the outside and pressing the trolley with the barrel 14 to the supporting heel 17. At the same time, the shutters 21 of the casing 20 are lowered, sealing the pressing zone.

The press stamp 12 is lowered by the cylinders 11 onto the press washer 19. Then, by the working stroke of the main cylinder 8, the barrel 14 is pressed into the briquette. The moisture contained in the compressed waste is squeezed out through the openings in the wall of the barrel 14 and is removed through the drain of the floor drain.

After briquetting, the slider 4 with the sleeve 5 starts to rise, and the stamp 12 remains pressed to the briquette - the briquette is ejected from the sleeve 5. Then the slider 4 with the sleeve 5 and the stamp 12 are raised to their highest positions, releasing the briquette from the press the washer 19, the shutter 22 of the loading window 15 closes the waste supply cavity, and the shutter 21 for the passage of the trolley is fully open. The trolley moves the briquette to the unloading position, where the press washer 19 is removed from it. The briquette is measured in height and weight and placed in the container, and the trolley returns to the empty barrel position 14. The cycle is repeated.

Distinctive features of the proposed technical solution provide the press with significant advantages compared to well-known presses, including the prototype press. The design of a combined press was created, combining in one machine both a device for compacting solid waste in a barrel and a device for extruding filled barrels into briquettes. Pressing will reduce the amount of waste by 8-12 times.

The use of a movable traverse moving along the columns of the press, to which the plunger of the main power cylinder, the press stamp and the rods of the auxiliary cylinders, which provide the processes of pressing waste in the barrel, lowering the stamp to the filled barrel during briquetting and lifting the stamp to its original upper position, are attached leads to significant energy savings, since the master ram works only when the press stamp comes into contact with the barrel filled with waste, and the pump SETTING press equipped with an adjustable axial piston pump. In addition, thanks to the movable traverse moving along the columns, the press stamp provides reliable stability during pre-pressing and briquetting.

The combined press is fully automated, the technological process is monitored using sensors and control system devices, as well as a television installation, from the dustproof cover of the press, the contaminated air is sucked into the dust collection system, thereby protecting staff and the environment from the harmful effects of dust from waste.

With a combined superpress, the barrel is briquetted immediately after capping, which allows you to do without a warehouse for storing filled barrels and additional mechanization means for transferring filled barrels from the prepress (as in analogues) to the superpress. This saves production space, significantly reduces metal consumption and greatly simplifies the complex of mechanization due to the concentration of operations on one combined press.

Claims (10)

1. A hydraulic press for compacting solid waste in a barrel and extruding a filled barrel with a lid into a briquette, comprising a frame consisting of upper and lower cross members strung together by columns, mounted on columns with the possibility of moving from the power cylinders a slider with a sleeve fixed in its lower part, the main a power cylinder mounted on the upper cross member and a stamp, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the barrel, the slider being made with a central through hole matching the central hole of the and forming a common cavity with it, and the press stamp is mounted to move the slider and the sleeve in the hole, a loading window is placed in the side wall of the slider, docked with the waste feeder, characterized in that the press is equipped with a traverse placed over the slider with the possibility of movement along the columns, on which the plunger of the main ram is fixed on top, and a press stamp is attached to the bottom, the main ram is equipped with a lower flange on which the rams of the press ram are fixed, the rods are They are fastened with a traverse, a support heel, located on the lower cross member, and a press washer adapted for installation on the barrel lid during pressing, while the diameter of the press washer exceeds the diameter of the barrel, and the inner diameter of the sleeve exceeds the diameter of the press washer. 2. The hydraulic press according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the main ram is used as the upper cross member. 3. The hydraulic press according to claim 1, characterized in that the press washer is equipped with a flange. 4. The hydraulic press according to claim 1, characterized in that a viewing window is made in the side wall of the slider. 5. The hydraulic press according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an automatic control system. 6. The hydraulic press according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a television installation mounted to monitor the pressing processes. 7. The hydraulic press according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with centralizers for installing the barrel along the axis of the press and punching holes for draining liquid from the barrel. 8. The hydraulic press according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a shutter of the loading window connected to the cylinder rod of the slide actuator. 9. The hydraulic press according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a dust cover. 10. The hydraulic press according to claim 9, characterized in that it is equipped with shutters of the openings in the dust cover for loading the barrel into the press, connected to the rods of the slider drive cylinders.