RU98000U1 - MIXING-CHARGING INSTALLATION OF AMMONIA-SELECTED EXPLOSIVES - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. Mixing and charging installation, including an explosive mixer, consisting of a loading funnel with a nozzle, mesh, shutter, rigidly connected to the mixing chamber containing a scattering cone, a pipeline with nozzles located at different levels in height, and a unit for supplying liquid fuel, characterized in that the loading funnel contains two grids, a ball valve as a shutter; the mixing chamber further comprises a guide, the thread of which corresponds to the internal thread of the scattering cone; the liquid fuel supply unit consists of a liquid fuel tank mounted on a vehicle, connected by a piping system and a flexible oil-resistant hose placed on the drum, through a throttle and a flow meter with one or more explosive mixers, and through an air reducer and a shut-off valve with a vehicle receiver; or from a tank of liquid fuel installed on a vehicle, a pump operating from the vehicle’s hydraulic or electrical system, a flexible oil-resistant hose with a tap and a liquid fuel meter; an explosive mixer is located at the wellhead. ! 2. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an additional mixing chamber installed at the wellhead, in the form of a pipe with a flange, equipped with oppositely located displaced in height and equally spaced from each other planes installed at an angle of 30-45 ° to the walls of the pipe. ! 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an adapter with a flange for placement on the wellhead of the mixer, if out

Description

The utility model relates to the production of ammonium nitrate explosives at blasting sites in the process of loading wells and can be used in the mining industry.

The process for the production of ammonium nitrate explosives consists in mixing ammonium nitrate with liquid fuel, in particular diesel fuel, using stationary explosive mixers or charge-loading machines.

Known mixing and charging machines for the manufacture and loading of wells with explosives, consisting of a transport base, bunkers for solid (ammonium nitrate) and liquid (combustible) components, a screw system for mixing components and an explosive feed system (1-3), The disadvantage of these mixing-charging machines is the difficulty of their operation in the manufacture and loading of wells of various diameters; low technical and economic efficiency when used at facilities with limited explosive consumption.

Known mixing and charging complex, consisting of a hopper with a hatch for ammonium nitrate with a capacity of 4 tons, a tank for diesel fuel with a volume of up to 220 l and a diesel fuel dispenser with a capacity of 4.1 l. The components are mixed in a metal portable funnel mounted at the wellhead. In the upper part of the funnel there is a tubular atomizer with 55 holes with a diameter of 2 mm, and in the lower part there is a shut-off valve with a lever. Dosing of ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel is carried out using a gate and a tap, which are interlocked. The finished explosive enters the well when the shut-off valve (4) is opened. Known pneumatic charging unit Bandut, including a steel box for ammonium nitrate with a capacity of 2.8 tons, a tank for diesel fuel, a dispenser with a capacity of 150 kg, a hose with a diameter of 150 mm and a compressor mounted on a metal frame placed in the car body. Ammonium nitrate from the loading box flows by gravity first into the dispenser, then into the hose, pipe and into the well. The dispenser is equipped with a manual valve, which is mechanically connected to the oil line valve: when the ammonium nitrate supply valve is opened, the diesel fuel supply valve automatically opens, which, at a pressure of 7 atm, is sprayed through the nozzle into the flow of ammonium nitrate falling through the pipe. The disadvantage of these installations is the cyclical manufacturing of explosives, the difficulty of setting the dispensers when changing the capacity of the charged well.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a mixing and charging installation, including an explosive mixer, consisting of a loading funnel equipped with a grid, nozzle and shutter, rigidly connected to the mixing chamber, inside which there is a diffusion cone, a pipeline with nozzles, four of which are located in one horizontal plane around the perimeter of the mixing chamber in its lower part at an angle of 60 ° to the walls of the mixing chamber, and the fifth is above them in the center of the mixing chamber measures, and a unit for supplying liquid fuel, consisting of a tank of liquid fuel, a dispenser, adjusted to supply liquid fuel for processing 36 kg of ammonium nitrate, a hydraulic pump powered by a car engine, connected to the mixing chamber with a rubber hose through a supply valve (4), adopted sponsored as a prototype. The manufacture of explosives is carried out cyclically (in portions of ~ 40 kg). The disadvantage of this mixer is the cyclical nature of its operation, the unregulated position of the cone along the height of the mixing chamber, which reduces the quality of mixing and complicates the operation of the mixer due to the impossibility of accurate dosing and maintaining the ratio of components when the flowability and particle size distribution of ammonium nitrate is mixed.

The technical task of creating a utility model was to increase the efficiency of blasting by improving the quality of mixing, simplifying the operation of the mixer, expanding the parametric series of wells in diameter and depth, charged using the proposed mixer of explosives, reducing costs, increasing the productivity of manufacturing explosives and loading wells .

The problem was solved by the development of a mixing and charging installation, including an explosive mixer, consisting of a loading funnel with a nozzle, a grid and a shutter rigidly connected to the mixing chamber, containing a scattering cone, a pipeline with nozzles located at different levels in height, and a liquid supply unit fuel, in which the loading funnel contains two grids, as a shutter - a ball valve; the mixing chamber further comprises a guide, the thread of which corresponds to the internal thread of the scattering cone; the liquid fuel supply unit consists of a liquid fuel tank mounted on a vehicle, connected by a piping system and a flexible oil-resistant hose placed on the drum, through a throttle and a flow meter with one or more explosive mixers, and through an air reducer and a shut-off valve with a vehicle receiver;

or from a tank of liquid fuel installed on a vehicle, a pump operating from the vehicle’s hydraulic or electrical system, a flexible oil-resistant hose with a tap and a liquid fuel meter; an explosive mixer is located at the wellhead.

The installation may contain an additional mixing chamber installed at the wellhead, in the form of a pipe with a flange, equipped with oppositely located displaced in height and equally spaced planes at an angle of 30-45 ° to the pipe walls, as well as an adapter with a flange for placement on the wellhead mixer, if the outer diameter of its mixing chamber is greater than the diameter of the well.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in figures 1-4.

Figure 1 - diagram of a mixing-charging installation, a mixing chamber which is installed on the wellhead.

Figure 2 is a diagram of a mixing-charging installation, the mixing chamber of which is installed in an additional mixing chamber in the form of a pipe at the wellhead through an adapter.

Figure 3 is a diagram of a mixing-charging installation, the mixing chamber of which is installed on the wellhead through an adapter.

4 is a diagram of a mixing-charging installation with a unit for supplying liquid fuel with a pump operating from a hydraulic or electric system of a vehicle.

Mixing and charging unit ammonium nitrate explosives (1, 2) consists of a mixer of explosives and a unit for supplying liquid fuel. The mixer of ammonium nitrate explosive consists of a loading funnel 1, rigidly connected to the mixing chamber 2. In the upper and middle parts of the loading funnel are removable mesh 3, 4. The loading funnel 1 ends with a nozzle 5, the entrance to which is blocked by a ball valve 6, the rotation of which is carried out by the lever 31. In the mixing chamber 2 on the guide 7 mounted on the crosspiece 8, a cutting cone 9 is installed. The position of the scattering cone 9 is regulated by a screw guide 7. Guide 7 and CECA cone 9 are coincident with each other threads. To process ammonium nitrate with liquid fuel, a pipeline 10 passes along the mixing chamber 2, passing at the bottom into a horizontally located ring 13 with 4 nozzles 11 equally spaced from each other at an angle of 60 ° to the walls of the mixing chamber. In the center of the mixing chamber above the nozzles 11 there is a nozzle 12. The mixer is equipped with a flange 14 for mounting it at the wellhead 15. An explosive mixer, the mixing chamber of which is larger than the diameter of the well, is installed at the wellhead in the adapter 16 with the flange 17. The mixing chamber 2 with a funnel 1 can be installed in an additional mixing chamber 36 with a flange 38, in the lower part of which there are inclined planes 37.

The liquid fuel supply unit consists of a liquid fuel tank 18 mounted on a vehicle, connected via a tee 21 to pipelines 20 with several hose reels 22, which in turn are flexible oil resistant hoses 27 through a throttle 23, a flow meter 24 is connected to the pipeline 10 of the mixing chamber 2; and through an air reducer 26, a shut-off valve 25, a liquid fuel tank is connected to the receiver 19 of the vehicle. Liquid fuel is poured into the tank through the neck 28. The liquid fuel tank is equipped with a pressure gauge 30 and a safety valve 29.

The liquid fuel supply unit may consist of a tank of liquid fuel 18 mounted on a vehicle 34, a pump 33 operating from a hydraulic or electrical system of the vehicle, a flexible oil resistant hose 27 with a tap and a liquid fuel meter 35. The predetermined length of the flexible oil resistant hose 27 is composed of its individual segments interconnected by fittings 32.

A distinctive feature of the inventive mixing and charging installation for the manufacture and loading of wells with ammonium nitrate explosives is:

- design of an explosive mixer, consisting of a loading funnel with two grids and a ball valve, rigidly connected to the mixing chamber, equipped with a screw guide;

- an adapter for installing the proposed explosive mixer at the wellhead if the diameter of the mixing chamber is greater than the diameter of the well;

- the ability to connect two or more mixers of explosives to one tank of liquid fuel;

- hose reel with flexible oil resistant hose.

The technological process for the production of ammonium nitrate explosive and well loading is organized as follows.

Preliminarily, due to a change in the installation level of the scattering cone 9, due to the screw guide 7, the outflow rate (flow rate) of ammonium nitrate at the outlet of the mixing chamber is regulated. Depending on the flow rate of ammonium nitrate, the feed rate of the required amount of liquid fuel is adjusted, which provides the necessary ratio of the components of the manufactured explosive. The feed funnel 1 with the mixing chamber 2 is installed directly at the wellhead 15 or through the adapter 16. Ammonium nitrate, passing through grids 3 and 4, regulating the uniformity of the supply of granules of ammonium nitrate, through a ball valve 6, the diffuser cone 9 is distributed on the side surface of the mixer Second chamber 2. The diameter of the diffusing cone base is chosen so that the annular gap between the housing and the mixing chamber is able to skip a certain amount of ammonium nitrate. Opening and closing the ball valve and the supply of liquid fuel is carried out simultaneously. Liquid fuel from the tank 18 under the action of compressed air supplied by the receiver 19, enters through the pipe 20, a flexible oil-resistant hose 27, placed on the drum 22, through the throttle 23, the flow meter 24 into the pipe 10 of the mixing chamber 2, the nozzles 11, 12 are sprayed into the stream of falling granules of ammonium nitrate, which, passing through atomized liquid fuel, are impregnated with the necessary amount of liquid fuel. Formed at the exit of the mixing chamber 2, the flow of ammonium nitrate explosive can be further averaged by passing it along the inclined planes 37 of the additional mixing chamber 36.

The use of a hose reel makes it possible to use a longer hose and to charge several wells without moving the vehicle to each well.

When supplying liquid fuel from the tank with a pump operating from the vehicle’s hydraulic or electrical system, a flexible oil-resistant hose with a tap and a liquid fuel flow meter is connected to pipeline 10, and a ball valve of the loading funnel and a liquid fuel flow meter ensure the simultaneous flow of ammonium nitrate and liquid fuel .

The main technical result of the utility model - increasing the efficiency of blasting - is achieved by optimizing the design of the explosive mixer and the liquid fuel supply system:

- replacing the valve with a ball valve allows you to reliably and with sufficient accuracy to synchronize the supply of ammonium nitrate and liquid fuel;

- the installation of two grids in the feed hopper ensures the greatest possible uniformity and uniformity of the supply of ammonium nitrate into the mixing chamber;

- the adjustable position of the scattering cone ensures reliable operation of the mixer when changing the flowability and particle size distribution of ammonium nitrate;

- the adapter expands the possibilities of using the same explosive mixer for loading wells with different diameters.

Using the proposed mixing and charging installation, the production of ammonium nitrate explosive of the igdanite type was carried out with simultaneous loading of wells with a diameter of 115 to 250 mm. At the same time, an increase in productivity was achieved in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate explosive, in the loading of wells by them, and a reduction in the cost of blasting by 5-8% was obtained. In the process of explosions, failures and abnormal operation of charges were not recorded.

Information sources:

1. AC USSR No. 164005.

2. AS of the USSR No. 471448.

3. RF patent No. 2223461.

4. Ostroushko I.A., Bobin E.G. and others. "Mechanization of blasting", M. 1962

Claims (3)

1. Mixing and charging installation, including an explosive mixer, consisting of a loading funnel with a nozzle, mesh, shutter, rigidly connected to the mixing chamber containing a scattering cone, a pipeline with nozzles located at different levels in height, and a unit for supplying liquid fuel, characterized in that the loading funnel contains two grids, a ball valve as a shutter; the mixing chamber further comprises a guide, the thread of which corresponds to the internal thread of the scattering cone; the liquid fuel supply unit consists of a liquid fuel tank mounted on a vehicle, connected by a piping system and a flexible oil-resistant hose placed on the drum, through a throttle and a flow meter with one or more explosive mixers, and through an air reducer and a shut-off valve with a vehicle receiver; or from a tank of liquid fuel installed on a vehicle, a pump operating from the vehicle’s hydraulic or electrical system, a flexible oil-resistant hose with a tap and a liquid fuel meter; an explosive mixer is located at the wellhead. 2. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an additional mixing chamber installed at the wellhead, in the form of a pipe with a flange, equipped with oppositely located displaced in height and equally spaced from each other planes installed at an angle of 30-45 ° to the walls of the pipe. 3. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an adapter with a flange for placement on the wellhead of the mixer, if the outer diameter of its mixing chamber is larger than the diameter of the well.