RU97107015A - ALUMINOSILICATE DERIVATIVES - Google Patents

Claims (14)

1. A 2: 1 derivative of a clay mineral, comprising (a) manifesting an X-ray diffraction signal of an amorphous sample in the form of a wide hump between 22 ^° and 32 ^° 2θ using powder X-ray diffraction and CuKα radiation, and (b) the presence of mainly tetrahedrally coordinated aluminum. 2. The 2: 1 derivative of the clay mineral according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a composition consistent with the general formula M _p Al _q Si ₂ O _r (OH) _s X _t • uH ₂ O, where M is an ammonium ion or cation alkali metal, X is a halide, and 0.2 ≤ p ≤ 2.0; 0.5 ≤ q ≤ 2.5; 4.0 ≤ r ≤ 12; 0.5 ≤ s ≤ 4.0; 0.0 ≤ t ≤ 1.0 and 0.0 ≤ u ≤ 6.0.  3. The 2: 1 derivative of the clay mineral according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a cation exchange capacity of 20-900 milliequivalents per 100 g, as measured by the exchange of ammonium ions or metal cations from an aqueous solution.  4. The 2: 1 derivative of the clay mineral according to claim 3, characterized in that it has a cation exchange ability, measured by ammonium exchange, of about 300 milliequivalents per 100 g. 5. The 2: 1 derivative of the clay mineral according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a surface area measured by the BET isotherm method (Braunauer-Emmett-Teller) of less than 400 m ² / g. 6. Derived 2: 1 clay mineral according to claim 5, characterized in that the surface area of the BET is 25-200 m ² / g. 7. The 2: 1 derivative of the clay mineral according to claim 2, characterized in that M in the form of NH ₄ ⁺ Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Li ⁺ , Rb ⁺ or Cs ⁺ is exchanged with one of the following alkaline earth metals - Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , Sr ²⁺ and Ba ²⁺ , transition metals Cr ³⁺ , Mn ²⁺ , Co ²⁺ , Ni ²⁺ , Cu ²⁺ , Zn ²⁺ , Ag ⁺ , heavy metals - Pb ²⁺ , Cd ²⁺ , Hg ²⁺ , lanthanides La ³⁺ and Nd ³⁺ or actinides UO ₂ ²⁺ . 8. The 2: 1 derivative of the clay mineral according to claim 7, characterized in that NH ₄ ⁺ , Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Li ⁺ , Rb ⁺ or Cs ^{+ is} exchanged for Pb ²⁺ , Cu ²⁺ , Cd ²⁺ , Ni ²⁺ , Co ²⁺ , Cr ³⁺ , Sr ²⁺ , Zn ²⁺ , Nd ^3+, or UO ²⁺ .  9. A method for producing a 2: 1 layered clay mineral, characterized in that it comprises a step of reacting a 2: 1 layered clay mineral with compound MX, where M is an alkali metal or ammonium ion, and X is a halide.  10. The method according to p. 9, characterized in that the clay mineral is selected from montmorillonite, illite, palygorskite or saponite. 11. The method according to p. 9, characterized in that use the reaction temperature of 200 ^o C or less. 12. The method according to p. 11, characterized in that use the reaction temperature of 50 to 200 ^o C.  13. The method according to p. 9, characterized in that use the reaction time from 1 min to 100 hours  14. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that use the reaction time of less than 24 hours