RU94141U1 - ECG INSTRUMENT FOR THREE SPECIAL POINTS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for taking ECG at three special points, including at least three integrated active electrodes, an integrated reference electrode, an integrated "grounding" electrode, a three-channel biopotential amplifier, a control unit with an indicator that the signals of any of the channels of the biopotential amplifier go beyond the specified limits , an indicator of the ECG recording process, characterized in that the device additionally contains a non-volatile memory for storing the transformation matrix, a calculator for the reconstruction of a standard ECG, an ECG analyzer for detecting conditions hazardous to health, an indicator of hazardous conditions, a non-volatile memory for storing monitoring data, an interface unit for communication with a computer. ! 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the indicator of dangerous conditions is made in the form of a light and sound annunciator. ! 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the interface unit for communication with a computer is made in the form of a serial wired communication interface. ! 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the interface unit for communication with a computer is made in the form of a wireless communication interface.

Description

The utility model relates to medical equipment, namely, devices for obtaining a standard ECG by a reduced number of points and can be used for long-term monitoring of the state of a person’s cardiac activity on an outpatient basis with the generation of warning signals about borderline dangerous states of cardiac activity.

Electrocardiograph monitors are known that perform ECG recording on 12 standard leads using 10 electrodes. Such a monitor consists of a unit for amplification, processing and recording of a signal mounted on a person’s belt, and a patient cable, consisting of 10 wires going to standard ECG points. Such a device is installed on the patient’s body in a medical institution, and then, on an outpatient basis, cardiograms are recorded on 2 or 3 channels for a certain time, for example, a day (Holter monitoring). After that, the device is removed from the person and the data from the device’s memory are copied to the computer of a cardiologist. The doctor analyzes the dynamic change in the ECG, revealing abnormalities in the heart. The disadvantage of this device is the high level of interference induced by the patient’s long cable, and the lack of analysis of the recorded ECG for the timely detection of dangerous cardiac abnormalities.

Electrocardiographs are also known that are capable of recording ECG on a smaller number of leads, followed by reconstruction of the standard 12 leads by mathematical processing.

In the patent RU 2229836 C2, АВВ 5/0402, “A method for producing an electrocardiogram in twelve leads” (publication date 10.06.2004), ECG is recorded using any two points from the standard three in the frontal plane (R, L, F) and two any points out of six in the horizontal plane (V1 - V6). The resulting signal for each of any other ECG leads is obtained by mathematical processing of the resulting ECG.

The advantage of this solution is the reduced to 6 number of electrodes, which significantly reduces the level of induced interference.

The disadvantages of this solution are: the ability to monitor only one of the leads; stationary execution of the device; the presence of the patient’s cable, albeit reduced to 6 wires; a significant (up to 10%) error in the reconstruction of a standard ECG associated with physiological differences in the patient’s organisms.

Electrocardiograph monitors are also known that record the ECG of one or two standard leads. Such devices are very small and have electrodes integrated in the housing. ECG is recorded by applying the device to the patient’s chest or by touching the device with the fingers of the left and right hand.

In the patent US 2007/0149888 A1, A61B 5/04 "Devices and methods for self-administered EGC examinations" dated 06/28/2007, an area with rings for the index fingers of the left and right hand is used to remove the ECG.

The advantages of such devices are the absence of the patient’s cable and the corresponding elimination of induced interference, as well as the small dimensions that allow the device to be fixed in the right place on the human body, for example, directly on the chest.

The disadvantage of such devices is that only one disturbance in the rhythm of cardiac activity can be determined from one or two leads, i.e. diagnose only 20% of the total number of patients - “cores”, therefore these devices are called “stress monitors” in contrast to full-fledged electrocardiographs.

Closest to the claimed utility model is the publication US 2006/0217620 A1, A61B 5/0402 "Apparatus and method for cordless recording and telecommunication transmission of three special EGC leads and their processing" dated September 28, 2006 (prototype). This patent reconstructs the standard 12 leads by the reduced number of special leads by mathematical calculations using a unique transformation matrix T of dimension 3 × 12. The coefficients of this matrix are found experimentally, individually for each patient.

This device uses 5 integrated electrodes: the patient touches the reference electrode with the finger of his right hand, the patient touches one of the active electrodes (the first special point) with the finger of his left hand, the remaining 2 active electrodes and the ground electrode are superimposed on the human chest. The choice of the position of the applied active electrodes on the patient’s chest, i.e. the position of the second and third special points is described in detail in this publication.

The procedure for calculating the matrix coefficients in this patent is as follows: in a medical institution, a standard electrocardiograph and a personal cardiomonitor emulator are connected to the patient to measure ECG at three special points. The ECG is recorded in 12 standard and 3 special leads, then, using the computer, the personal matrix of the patient is calculated according to well-known laws and entered into the database of a cardiologist.

During outpatient use, the patient records the ECG at three special points, applying the device to the chest, and sends the received data to the doctor’s computer via cellular communication. A cardiologist analyzes a standard ECG and makes a diagnosis remotely, without calling a patient.

The advantages of this approach include the advantages of stress monitors - the absence of the patient’s cable eliminates the interference and the small dimensions allow the device to be mounted directly on the human chest, as well as the advantages of standard electrocardiographs - a doctor’s analysis of all 12 leads allows you to establish a diagnosis for all categories of patients - “ cores. "

The disadvantage of this approach is: the need to send the electrocardiogram data to the doctor’s computer for reconstruction of the standard ECG, lack of monitoring, lack of warning of the patient about health conditions dangerous for timely medication.

The task of creating a utility model is to expand the possibilities of using a personal ECG meter to monitor cardiac activity and timely warnings about health hazards.

The task is achieved in that the ECG meter at three special points, including at least three integrated active electrodes, an integrated reference electrode, an integrated “grounding” electrode, a three-channel biopotential amplifier, a control unit with a signal output indicator of any of the channels of the biopotential amplifier set limits, an indicator of the ECG recording process, according to the claimed technical solution, the device further comprises a non-volatile memory for storing the matrix nsformatsii, the calculator for the reconstruction of standard ECG electrocardiogram analyzer for detecting hazardous states indicator dangerous states, non-volatile memory for storage of monitoring data interface unit for communication with the computer.

The hazard indicator can be made in the form of a light and sound siren. Sound notification may be in the range of infrasonic vibrations (vibrator).

The interface unit can be made for wired communication with a computer via standard serial interfaces, for example, via USB or RS-232.

The interface unit can be made for wireless communication with a computer, for example, via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, cellular communication.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the functional diagram of the device shown in figure 1.

The device contains: three active electrodes 1, a reference electrode 2, a grounding electrode 3, a three-channel biopotential amplifier 4, a control unit 5, an indicator of the output of signals from any of the channels of the biopotential amplifier beyond the specified limits 6, an ECG recording indicator 7, non-volatile memory of the matrix 8, calculator 9, analyzer 10, hazardous state indicator 11, non-volatile monitoring memory 12, interface unit 13.

The calculator is used to reconstruct a standard ECG in 12 leads using an individual patient matrix stored in non-volatile memory 8. The reconstruction procedure is a process of multiplying digital signals from three special points by a 3 × 12 patient matrix to obtain 12 standard leads. Since multiplication by a matrix consists of a series of operations of multiplication and addition [Sigorsky V.P. Mathematical apparatus of an engineer. - Ed. 2nd - Kiev: Technique, 1977. - P.184-189], then the calculator can be made in the form of a microcontroller, in the command system of which there are such operations, or in the form of a signal processor.

ECG registration and monitoring of cardiac activity is as follows: the device is fixed on the patient’s chest in a certain place and monitoring is activated for a certain time (for example, for a day - Holter monitoring). The ECG recording process is indicated by indicator 7 at the command of the control unit 5. The biopotentials created on the human body during heart function are taken from three special points, a reference point and a grounding point using electrodes 1, 2, 3 and fed to a three-channel biopotential amplifier 4 After amplification, the output signals of each channel are evaluated by the control unit 5 from the point of view of going beyond the specified limits, the corresponding state is indicated by indicator 6. From the control unit, the signals of all three channels are fed to 9, which reconstructs the standard ECG in 12 leads according to the individual patient matrix stored in non-volatile memory 8. The patient matrix is pre-computed on the cardiologist’s computer and written to the device via the interface unit 13. After the reconstruction, the standard ECG signals are recorded in non-volatile memory 12, the volume of which is designed for the right monitoring time. In parallel with the recording, the analyzer 10, using a special algorithm, evaluates the ECG from the point of view of the borderline hazardous conditions of the patient. If the person is in such a state, the analyzer warns about this with the indicator 11. After the monitoring is over, the data from the non-volatile memory 12 are transferred via the control unit 5 via the interface unit 13 to the cardiologist’s computer for a detailed analysis.

The positive effect in the proposed utility model is based on the transfer of the standard ECG reconstruction process from the cardiologist’s computer to the patient’s device, which allows monitoring and recording not in 1-2, but in 12 leads, as well as timely warning a person about dangerous conditions of his cardiac activity .

In the proposed utility model, an additional positive effect is achieved, consisting in the fact that for the analysis of the ECG recorded during the monitoring process, a database of patient matrices and a special reconstruction program located in a specific computer are not required, i.e. Any cardiologist can do the analysis.

Claims (4)

1. An ECG meter at three special points, which includes at least three integrated active electrodes, an integrated reference electrode, an integrated “ground” electrode, a three-channel biopotential amplifier, a control unit with an indicator of the output of signals from any of the biopotential amplifier channels , an indicator of the ECG recording process, characterized in that the device further comprises a non-volatile memory for storing the transformation matrix, a computer for reconstructing a standard ECG, nalizator ECG for the detection of hazardous conditions, the indicator of dangerous conditions, non-volatile memory for storage of monitoring data interface unit to communicate with the computer. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hazardous state indicator is made in the form of a light and sound annunciator. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the interface unit for communication with a computer is made in the form of a serial wired communication interface. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the interface unit for communication with a computer is made in the form of a wireless communication interface.