RU93951U1 - DRYING UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A drying installation comprising a housing having openings with a tray, half-infrared emitters are installed inside the housing, trays are located between them, characterized in that the installation is additionally equipped with corona wire electrodes installed in the axial section of the installation above the upper and lower trays, creating a field corona discharge at a voltage of 8-10.5 kV and a temperature of a drying agent of 40-70 ° C, generating electric wind. ! 2. The dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the corona electrodes are made with a diameter of 0.2-0.7 mm and are installed at a height of 35-65 mm above the trays.

Description

The utility model relates to installations for drying agricultural products, in particular vegetables, fruits, greens, and is intended for use in state, farm and personal farms, etc.

The installation can be used in other industries, for example, in the pharmaceutical industry for drying medicinal herbs in the food industry for low-temperature drying of various products and in other fields.

A device for drying high-moisture materials (mushrooms, berries, vegetables), used to implement the invention "Method for drying high-moisture materials" (patent RU No. 2043585, IPC F26B 3/30, publ. 09/10/1995) is known. This device is a vertical shaft dryer, divided in height into a drying chamber (lower part) and a drying chamber (upper part). Product chambers are placed in the chambers, above which there are mixer blades. In the upper and lower parts of the drying chamber, light infrared emitters (hereinafter IR emitters) are installed, which use 127 V incandescent lamps, a drying agent (heated air) is supplied to the drying chamber, which is removed into the atmosphere through a window in the ceiling of the drying chamber .

A significant disadvantage is that the device uses high-temperature heating, leading to the destruction of vitamins and lower quality products. In addition, the device requires the use of special heat generators for the preparation of hot air used in the drying chamber.

A drying unit was used as a prototype (patent RU No. 2049295, IPC F26В 9/06, F26В 3/30, publ. 11/27/1995).

The installation contains a housing, inside of which IR emitters are tiered. Between them (in height) two trays for products (vegetables, fruits, herbs, etc.) are installed. In the ceiling part in the side walls are made ventilation holes. The unit is equipped with an automatic control unit for the operation mode. IR emitters are tubular heating elements containing heating elements in a ceramic case, which, in turn, has a special coating based on functional ceramics.

The known installation is universal in scope. Several units dialed into the battery can be used in industrial drying lines. In a single copy, the installation is used in an individual farm.

Along with the advantages of the device (versatility in use, preserving the organoleptic properties of the product, vitamins, etc.), there remains the problem of increasing the energy saving of the process, since convective beam drying is energy-intensive.

The purpose of the utility model is to reduce the energy intensity of drying and improve the quality of drying.

To achieve this goal, a utility model is stated that implements the principle of convective beam drying, including a drying unit containing a housing, in the cavity of which IR emitters and side reflectors are tiered, between which trays for the product to be dried are placed, in contrast to the prototype, the drying unit is additionally equipped corona wire electrodes with a diameter of 0.2-0.7 mm, located in the axial section of the installation at a height of 35-65 mm above the levels of the upper and lower pallets, creating a field of crowns th discharge at 8-10.5 kV voltage and generating an electrical wind.

A decrease in the diameter of the wire of the corona electrodes leads to a decrease in mechanical strength, an increase in the diameter leads to the need to increase the ignition voltage of the corona discharge field.

A decrease in the height of the location of the corona electrodes leads to the occurrence of breakdown phenomena, an increase in the height of the location leads to a significant weakening of the action of the corona discharge field.

Depending on the diameter of the corona wire electrodes and the interelectrode distance, the operating voltage range is between 8 and 10.5 kV. At a lower voltage, the corona discharge field does not occur, and at a higher voltage, the corona discharge field can break through the “wire electrode - reflector” gap. It must be clarified that the reflectors should be in close proximity to ceramic heating elements, the location of which is due to the uniformity of heating of the dried product.

Thus, when applying a voltage of 8-10.5 kV to the corona wire electrodes during operation of the installation, an electric wind is generated, directed in the central part of the installation towards the grounded electrode (tray), and in the side parts from it, which improves the washing off of the product by a drying agent due to which the moisture loss of the product and the efficiency of moisture removal are increased, the temperature field in the drying area is smoothed out.

Drying is carried out by active dehydration at a temperature of 40-70 ° C, which is characteristic of all devices based on the use of infrared radiation.

Lower temperatures inadmissibly delay the drying process, while higher temperatures cause damage to the material. The temperature is maintained by the very design of the drying unit.

As a result of a patent search, the authors did not identify installations for drying high-moisture agricultural products, where there would be a joint use of infrared emitters and corona discharge fields, which proves the compliance of the claimed technical solution with the criterion of "novelty."

The model is illustrated in the figure, which schematically depicts a two-tier drying plant. In the upper section of the dryer, the flows of the drying agent are shown in dashed lines, the dashed-dot line shows the conditional flow of electric wind formed by the corona discharge field.

The dryer (see figure) contains a metal housing 1 of rectangular cross section having an internal cavity. Inside the housing 1, trays 2, upper emitters 3, middle emitters 4, lower emitters 5 and reflectors 6 are belly-mounted. A tray 7 is installed in the lower part of the housing with a gap of 15 mm relative to the side walls of the housing. The housing 1 is bounded from above by a lid 8 pivotally fastened to its rear wall. In the axial section of the installation are located corona wire electrodes 13. In the cover 8 and in the upper part of the side walls there are ventilation holes 9. The installation is equipped with a control unit for emitters 10 containing a toggle switch and a fuse connected by an electric cord to a plug for connection to an electric network voltage 220 B. The installation has support rollers and carrying handles (not shown).

All emitters 3, 4, 5 contain a heating element enclosed in a ceramic tubular body with an external functional ceramic coating. In each tier, two emitters 3, 4, 5 are installed, connected in series, all emitters are oriented along the depth of the installation cavity parallel to the side walls and are installed together with a pitch of 70 mm. In this case, the emitters are removed at a distance of 40 mm from the trays 2, the tiers of the emitters are interconnected in parallel. Such a circuit for the electrical connection of emitters to a unit allows you to create power not exceeding 900 watts.

Trays 2 contain a vertical frame frame and a mesh bottom made of non-corrosive material and are supported by side rails 11 made of an aluminum corner and mounted on the side walls of the housing 1. Trays 2 are inserted through windows 12 in the front panel of the device.

In the axial section of the installation, 35-65 mm above the upper and lower trays, wire corona electrodes 13 with a wire diameter of 0.2-0.7 mm are installed for generating electric wind by a corona discharge field at a voltage in the range of 8-10.5 kV.

Installation works as follows. Trays 2 load the dried product of 1.5-2.0 kg per tray. If necessary, large vegetables (carrots, beets, etc.) are crushed into shavings or cubes up to 5-6 mm thick. Trays 2 are introduced into the cavity of the device through rectangular windows 12 and all emitters are turned on.

The destruction of the membranes of plant cells and the melting of the wax skin of raw materials facilitates moisture loss. During irradiation, aromatic, coloring and flavoring substances from the shell and adjacent layers move into the product and are not oxidized. Due to the formation of electric wind as a result of the action of the corona discharge field at a voltage of 8-10.5 kV, the layers of the drying agent are actively mixed, which improves the removal of moisture from the product, makes drying more uniform and shortens the drying time, thereby reducing energy consumption.

The proposed installation can be manufactured in the factory and in the conditions of artisan workshops, has a wide market. Consumers of products manufactured on the basis of the utility model are fruit and vegetable farms that can use drying plants in the drying line. Drying installations will be especially in demand among amateur gardeners and farmers. In the face of rising prices for energy and electricity, the need for plants with increased energy efficiency will increase.

An important advantage of the proposed device is its high environmental friendliness, since there is no environmental pollution and there is no harmful effect on humans, as well as by reducing the total drying time, the safety of valuable product substances is increased and the drying energy consumption is reduced.

Claims (2)

1. A drying installation comprising a housing having openings with a tray, half-infrared emitters are installed inside the housing, trays are located between them, characterized in that the installation is additionally equipped with corona wire electrodes installed in the axial section of the installation above the upper and lower trays, creating a field corona discharge at a voltage of 8-10.5 kV and a temperature of a drying agent of 40-70 ° C, generating electric wind. 2. The dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the corona electrodes are made with a diameter of 0.2-0.7 mm and are installed at a height of 35-65 mm above the trays.