RU89513U1 - LASER LEVEL OF THE DUCK - Google Patents

Abstract

A laser level for monitoring the position of the truck’s running wheels, comprising a base, a laser module including a laser source and a horizontal level ampoule, characterized in that the base is made in the form of a rigid thin non-magnetic metal plate with a high degree of processing of the base edge, and mounted on the base of the laser module contains a carriage mounted with the possibility of rotation relative to the base, while on the carriage a bracket with grooves and screws is installed, providing laser beam adjustment, and a fine adjustment screw mounted between the base and bracket at a distance that allows the carriage to rotate, and having two threaded surfaces with a minimum step difference.

Description

The utility model relates to hoisting and transport engineering and is intended to control the position of the running wheels of bridge and gantry cranes during manufacture and are in operation.

During the operation of bridge and gantry cranes, there is a problem of wear of their wheels and rails of crane tracks. According to GOST 3569-74, the service life of the crane wheels is from 2 to 9 years. However, in practice it is much smaller. The main reason for the increased wear of the crane wheels and the rails of the crane tracks is the insufficient installation accuracy, the skew of the running wheels. During the operation of the crane or after repair of its metal structures, the geometric position of the running wheels changes in both the vertical and horizontal planes. At the same time, the values of the camber and toe angles may go beyond the tolerances regulated by current standards.

A device for monitoring the position of the running wheels of trucks (patent RU 2083468 C1 B66C 9/16, publ. 07/10/1997), containing a radiation source, mainly a laser, the beam axis of which is directed parallel to the axis of the rail, and a device for measuring the skew angle of the chassis wheels. The device for measuring the skew angle of the running wheels in the horizontal plane is made in the form of an optical backstage of a double image, capable of rotating in a horizontal plane around an axis perpendicular to the axis of the wheel. The tool for measuring the skew angle of the running wheels is equipped with an angular micrometric feed device and a linear micrometric feed device, as well as an angular displacement sensor and a linear feed sensor, which are electrically connected to the display unit. A detachable corner prism is installed along the axis of rotation of the optical backstage, the face of which is equipped with a screen with a mark located at the focus of the optical micrometer. The optical component is located on the axis of the laser radiation and is optically coupled to the laser emitter, contains an axicon and two negative lenses, the focus of the nearest of which is aligned with the focus of the axicon. The disadvantages of this device are:

- design complexity;

- before taking measurements, you need to configure the device on the wheel, which also reduces the accuracy of the measurements;

- the measurement error is likely due to the roll of the wheel in the vertical plane, since the beam of the device is carried out at the level of the axis of rotation of the wheel.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a device for monitoring the position of the running wheels of a truck (patent RU 35328 U1 B66C 9/16, publ. 10.01.2004). The device comprises a measuring screen equipped with a rectangular coordinate system. The measuring screen by means of a magnetic bracket is mounted on one of a pair of wheels located on one rail, perpendicular to its end surface. The device also contains a source of the base beam, installed with the possibility of intersection of its optical axis with the beginning of the mentioned coordinate system. The source of the base beam through another magnetic bracket is mounted on the second controlled wheel parallel to its end surface. The source of the base beam is designed on the basis of the commercially available level N-10 cells and the laser prefix PL-1.

However, this device has the following disadvantages:

1. Mounting the base beam source directly on the wheel with a magnetic bracket requires careful cleaning of dust particles attracted by the magnet, which leads to measurement errors, therefore, there will be low measurement accuracy.

2. The source of the base beam is designed on the basis of the level N10 class. This means that the parallelism of the beam of the end surface of the wheel is regulated by adjustment devices (screws), which are components of the level design, i.e. manually, which complicates the adjustment of parallelism and causes measurement errors.

3. The use of this device is possible only on cranes with an open surface of the wheel. The device cannot be mounted on a wheel, the outer (visible) surface of which is almost completely closed, and only a small part of the wheel located directly above the rail is available (almost all imported structures).

The technical task of the proposed utility model is to create a device for monitoring the position of the running wheels of a truck, providing increased accuracy in measuring wheel deflections in the horizontal plane, as well as expanding the possibility of its use, for example, on cranes with a closed wheel surface.

To solve the problem, in the laser level to control the position of the running wheels of a truck containing a base, a laser module comprising a laser source and a horizontal level ampoule, according to the invention, the base is made of non-magnetic metal from a rigid thin plate with a high degree of processing of the base edge and the laser module fixed on the base contains a carriage mounted rotatably relative to the base, while the bracket is mounted on the carriage, providing pre-adjustment of the laser beam, and fine adjustment screw mounted between the base and the bracket at a distance as to allow the rotation of the mast, and having two threaded surfaces with a minimum difference of steps.

The parallelism of the beam relative to the base edge is regulated on a special stand with a frequency of 6 months.

The salient features of the laser level for monitoring the position of the truck’s running wheels are:

- execution of the base of the laser level in the form of a sufficiently rigid thin plate with a narrow and high degree of processing of the base edge, due to which it becomes possible to install the laser level on the end surface of the wheel at the level of the height of the rail head in the horizontal plane, thereby eliminating the error from the tilt of the wheel in the vertical plane and provides free access to the surface of the wheel for measurements;

- the manufacture of the base of the laser level from a non-magnetic metal eliminates the magnetization of dust particles and does not require frequent cleaning, increases the accuracy of measurements;

- the laser module, mounted on the base of the level, contains a carriage made with the possibility of aligning the parallelism of the laser beam to the base edge of the base, a bracket with grooves for fastening with screws to the carriage for preliminary adjustment of the laser beam direction and a fine adjustment screw mounted between the base and the bracket at a distance , providing the ability to rotate the carriage, which allows you to configure the laser level before it is used and reduce labor costs compared to peers;

- the implementation of the screw with two threaded surfaces with a minimum difference in steps allows to increase the accuracy of adjusting the parallelism of the laser beam to the base edge of the base and the accuracy of the measurements.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 - laser level for monitoring the position of the running wheels of the truck (front view); figure 2 is a view a of figure 1; figure 3 - laser module of the inventive device; figure 4 presents a diagram of measuring the position of the crane wheels in the horizontal plane;

The laser level for monitoring the position of the truck’s running wheels contains a base 1 and a laser module 2 and an ampoule of horizontal level 3 mounted on it. An ampoule of horizontal level 3 is used to level the level before each measurement to exclude tilt errors. The base 1 of the laser level is made in the form of a rather rigid thin plate of non-magnetic metal with a narrow and high degree of processing of the base (working) edge 4. The dimensions of the base are selected with the possibility of providing free access and setting the level of the working edge 4 to the end face of the crane wheel rim at the level of the rail head in the horizontal plane. The laser module 2 contains a carriage 5, attached to the base 1 by a mounting connection 6, while the carriage is mounted with a possibility of swinging relative to the base 1 to adjust the parallelism of the laser beam, the laser source 7 is installed between the base 1 and the carriage 5, the bracket 8 having grooves for mounting screws 9 to the carriage 5 for preliminary adjustment of the direction of the laser beam, a fine adjustment screw 10 is installed between the base 1 and the bracket 8 at a distance (of the order of 100 mm) from the axis of rotation of the carriage 5 to enable the last gate; the housing 11 is attached to the base 1 by screws 12. The beam of the laser source 7 is removed from the working edge of the base 1 at a fixed distance (about 220 mm), sufficient to bypass the crane metal structures located near the running wheel. The fine adjustment screw 10 has two threaded surfaces, the pitch of which (0.7 mm and 0.8 mm) differs by a small amount (0.1 mm) so that with one turn of the screw 10 the carriages 5 rotates on the base 1 by a small angle (0.1 / 100 = 0.001), thereby ensuring sufficient (0.00005) accuracy in adjusting the parallelism of the laser beam relative to the base edge 4 of the base 1 of the laser level.

An example implementation of a method for monitoring the position of the running wheels of a truck.

Before using the laser level, it is adjusted on a special stand. After loosening the mounting of the bracket 8 and the gun carriage with screws 9, turn the gun carriage 5 and the laser source 7 located on it, thereby pre-adjusting the parallelism of the laser beam direction. The bracket 8 is fixed with screws 9 on the carriage 5. With the fine adjustment screw 10, the carriages 5 are gradually rotated at a small angle until a sufficiently accurate parallelism of the laser beam relative to the base edge 4 of the base 1 of the laser level is ensured.

Before measuring wheel deflections, the laser level is set with the base edge 4 of the base 1 on the end surface of the wheel rim at the level of the height of the rail head in the horizontal plane. The horizontal position of the level is set using the ampoule of the horizontal level 3. Turn on the laser source 7 using the switch 13 and direct the laser beam parallel to the end surface of the wheel rim with an error of not more than 0.05 mm / m, while the laser beam is removed from the end of the wheel rim to a fixed a distance sufficient to bypass the crane metal structures located near the running wheel.

The proposed laser level works as follows.

Before starting the measurement, the base measurement points are selected (depending on the crane base). 4, the crane base is 5 or more meters. The laser level is set to the end surface of the wheel 14 at the level of the rail head. Beam deflection is measured relative to the second 15 (adjacent) wheel. When calculating the following dimensions are taken into account: N - laser level gauge (nameplate value). The value of a ₁ is the result of measuring the convergence of the wheel (determined by measuring with a universal ruler). The convergence of all four wheels is checked relative to the main axis X. Y is the axis of the direction of convergence of the wheels. X ₁ and X ₂ - axis passing through the middle of each of two wheels standing on the same rail. B1 - wheel rim width (nameplate value). Measure the distance from the base point of the adjacent wheel to the beam and the distances between the wheels 14, 16 and 15. 17 along the span (respectively, L ₁ and L ₂ ). After measurements, the laser level is reinstalled from wheel 14 to wheel 15, and the beam deflection is measured relative to wheel 14. Then, similar measurements are performed with a pair of wheels 16 and 17 located on the opposite rail. In order to determine the actual deviation of the wheels from the design using the values obtained as a result of measurements, determine the convergence of the wheel from the main axis X by the formula:

K _i = C _i + Δ _x , (1)

where: K _i - wheel toe from the main axis X;

With _i - the convergence of the wheels from the axis X ₁ ;

Δ _x = 0.5Δ _L - deviation of the axis X ₁ from the axis X (recommended value).

The convergence of the first two adjacent wheels from the axis X _{1 is} calculated by the formula:

C _i = (a _i -H) / B, (2)

where: a _i is the measured value of the convergence;

H - laser level gauge (nameplate value);

In - crane base.

The convergence of the second pair of adjacent wheels located on the opposite rail from the axis X _{1 is} calculated by the formula:

C _i = (a _i -H) / B-Δ _L , (3)

where: Δ _L is the correction for the deviation of the span, calculated by the formula:

Δ _L = (L ₂ -L ₁ ) / B, (4)

where: L ₁ - the span between one pair of wheels located on the same axis;

L ₂ - the span between the second pair of wheels located on the same axis.

The largest measurement error of the skew of the wheels at the base of the crane, equal to or more than 5 m (B≥5 m) will be 0.00015.

If the crane base is insufficient for the measurement accuracy (B <5 m), the beam deviation from the nominal position is measured relative to the base points of the crane path section of the required length (B = 10 ÷ 20 m), marked along the span at an equal distance.

Thus, the proposed laser level Ptukhin allows a high degree of accuracy to determine the deviation of the wheels in the horizontal plane, which significantly extends their life.

The proposed technical solutions meet the criterion of "novelty", since the technical solutions with the proposed set of features are unknown from the prior art.

The proposed technical solutions meet the criterion of "industrial applicability" due to its repeated use, and a prototype laser level has been manufactured, which has passed an experimental test with the stated technical result.

Claims (1)

A laser level for monitoring the position of the truck’s running wheels, comprising a base, a laser module including a laser source and a horizontal level ampoule, characterized in that the base is made in the form of a rigid thin plate of non-magnetic metal with a high degree of processing of the base edge, and mounted on the base of the laser module contains a carriage mounted with the possibility of rotation relative to the base, while a bracket with grooves and screws is installed on the carriage, providing laser beam adjustment, and a fine adjustment screw mounted between the base and the bracket at a distance that allows the carriage to rotate, and having two threaded surfaces with a minimum step difference.