RU88761U1 - COMBINED PIPE AND BALLAST COATING SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Combined pipe, consisting of a central pipe serving for transporting liquid or gas under high pressure, a shell located concentrically with respect to the central pipe with the formation of an annular space; centralizers between the outer surface of the central pipe and the inner surface of the shell, caps that bound the annular space, and ballast material in the annular space,! characterized in that the shell has several holes for injecting a solution of ballast material, and plugs installed in the holes after filling the annular space with ballast material, and the diameter of the holes for entering a solution of ballast material is selected based on the ratio:! ! where d is the diameter of the hole in the shell; ! Ext. - inner diameter of the shell; ! D - the outer diameter of the central pipe. ! 2. The combined pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of each hole for introducing a solution of ballast material is selected based on the ratio:! d = (1 ÷ 2) (Dvn.-Dnar.). ! 3. The combined pipe according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between adjacent centralizers in the shell there is at least one hole. ! 4. The combined pipe according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the centers of the holes in the shell are located on a line that is in the same plane with the axis of the central pipe. ! 5. The ballast coating system for a combined pipe according to claim 1, consisting of a concrete pump, a pipe connected to a concrete pump; hoses connecting the pipeline to the holes for supplying a solution of ballast material into the annular space of the pipe

Description

The utility model relates to pipeline technology, namely, ballast-coated pipes used for laying pipelines in the sea, along the bottom of reservoirs and in wetlands.

A known construction of a thermally insulated section of a pipeline consisting of a central pipe, an outer spiral sheath, located concentrically relative to the inner shell with the formation of an annular space filled with cement-containing foam-forming material, having heat-insulating properties after hardening [US patent No. 4640312 from 12/13/1984]. Foaming material is introduced into the annular space through an opening in a spiral-walled shell or through holes in the end caps in the annular space.

Since the foaming material has good mobility and is pumped in a small amount, it can quickly fill the annular space both through a small hole in the end caps and through one small hole in a spiral-walled shell.

A disadvantage of the known construction of the pipeline section is that it takes a long time to fill the annular space with a solution of ballast material through holes in the lids or through one small hole in the outer shell, and therefore the low productivity of the ballast coating process on the combined pipe.

Known combined pipe, consisting of a central pipe and a shell with ballast material in the annular space between them, introduced through holes in the shell, closed with plugs or dampers [US patent No. 4110991 from 01/07/1977]. A feature of the formation of a ballast-coated pipe is that the ballast material is introduced sequentially through holes in the shell in the inclined state of the pipe as it is immersed in water.

This design of a combined pipe cannot be manufactured in the factory.

Known combined pipe, consisting of a central pipe and a shell with a hole, an annular space with a ballast coating between the pipe and the shell, obtained after the concrete has solidified, which is injected into the annular space through a hole in the shell closed by a plug (US patent No. 3397260 from 08.13.1968 ) The disadvantage of the pipe is that the shell is flexible, permeable, and divides the annular space into sections. The outer diameter of such a pipe varies in length over large limits, which is unacceptable for a pipe laid, for example, from a ship at sea. In addition, the injection of concrete through one hole does not allow to obtain high productivity of the process of applying ballast coating to the pipe.

Known section of the underwater pipeline (patent RU No. 2072466 from 01/31/1992), containing an inner pipe installed with a gap inside the outer pipe, end elements attached to the pipe with sealing annulus; a hole in the outer pipe, blocked by a valve, used to fill the annular space with ballast material.

The drawback of the section is the complexity of its design, which does not allow to achieve high performance in large-scale production for laying underwater pipelines several hundred kilometers long.

A known system for applying high-density ballast material (more than 3000 kg / m ³ ) to a portion of a central pipe covered by a shell through an opening in the shell, including a source of prepared ballast material, a receiving hopper; a pump driven by an engine through a gearbox; piping connected to the pump and to the hole in the shell.

The disadvantage of the system is that it cannot provide high performance for applying ballast material, sufficient for large-scale production of ballast coated pipes, due to the low flow rate of a highly viscous solution of ballast material through one hole in the shell. In addition, the system does not provide for limiting the minimum and maximum dimensions of the holes in the shell.

A known system for applying concrete to a pipeline of large diameter (more than 2 m), the outer part of which is divided into several sections, each of which has an opening closed by a hermetic plug, located in the highest part of the pipe [US patent No. 6719493 B1 from 06/13/2000]. A pipe from a concrete pipe placed inside the pipe in its upper part is brought vertically to each hole.

The disadvantage of the combined pipe design is that the holes used to fill the annulus external to the pipe with concrete are in the central pipe, which is unacceptable for an oil and gas pipe that is under high pressure during operation. The disadvantage of the system is that the concrete pipeline when applying the mortar is placed inside the pipe, which is unacceptable for the combined pipe used for trunk oil and gas pipelines with ballast coating, laid in an aqueous medium, the diameter of which currently does not exceed 1420 mm.

The technical problem solved by the utility model is to increase the performance of the system for applying a ballast coating to a combined pipe, designed for large-scale production, if necessary, laying in the sea or other bodies of water hundreds of kilometers. pipes per year.

The technical problem is solved in the construction of a combined pipe, consisting of a central pipe, which serves to transport liquid or gas under high pressure, a shell located concentrically relative to the central pipe with the formation of an annular space, centralizers between the outer surface of the central pipe and the inner surface of the shell, covers that bound space and ballast material in the annular space, while in the shell there are several holes that serve to fill the annular space with ballast material, and plugs installed in the holes after the filling of the annular space with ballast material, and the diameter of the holes for entering the ballast material solution is selected based on the ratio:

,

where d is the diameter of the hole in the shell;

D _ext. - inner diameter of the shell;

D _nar. - the outer diameter of the central pipe.

Condition due to the fact that if the hole in the shell is equal to or more than an annular gap between the central pipe and the shell, then the resistance to flow of a solution of ballast material through it is less than when the hole passes through the hole in the lid of the annulus, the diameter of which is always less than the annular gap, i.e.

,

where d _to - the diameter of the holes in the end cap of the annular gap.

Condition follows from the condition of the fluid flowing into the annular space from the hole in the shell:

;

or .

To significantly reduce the resistance of the flow of the solution through the hole in the shell, its diameter is selected based on the ratio:

d = (1 ÷ 2) (D _ext. -D _nar. ).

Since there are centralizers in the annular space, there is at least one hole in the shell between adjacent centralizers in the shell, which reduces the resistance to flow of the ballast material solution in the annular space.

To reduce the volume of air in the ballast material, the centers of the holes are located on a line located in the same plane with the axis of the central pipe.

Distinctive features of a pipe combined with a ballast coating are that there are several holes in the shell that serve to fill the annular space with ballast material, and plugs installed in the holes after filling the annular space with ballast material, and the diameter of the holes for entering the ballast material solution is selected based on from the ratio:

,

where d is the diameter of the hole in the shell;

D _ext. - inner diameter of the shell;

D _nar. - the outer diameter of the central pipe.

Such a combination of distinctive features was not found when conducting patent information research, therefore, the utility model meets the criterion of "novelty."

The design of the combined pipe, having the listed distinguishing features, makes it possible to achieve high performance using the ballast coating system on the proposed combined pipe design.

To ensure high performance, the system for applying a ballast coating to a combined pipe of the proposed design consists of a concrete pump, a pipeline connected to a concrete pump; hoses connecting the pipeline to the holes for supplying a solution of ballast material into the annular space of the combined pipe; the pipeline is located outside the combined pipe, the hoses are connected to the holes in the shell, the inner diameter of each hose is selected based on the ratio:

,

where d _w is the inner diameter of the hose, and the diameter of the pipeline connected to the concrete pump is selected by the condition:

,

where dm is the diameter of the pipeline connected to the concrete pump;

N is the number of holes connected through hoses to the pipeline.

If in the combined pipe the diameter of the holes in the shell is selected based on the ratio

d = (1 ÷ 2) (D _ext. -D _nar. ),

then the inner diameter of each hose is selected based on the ratio:

.

To double the productivity of the process of applying ballast coating to a pipe, the combined system may consist of two subsystems, each of which includes a pipeline connected to the concrete pump located outside the combined pipe and hoses connecting the pipeline with openings in the shell for supplying a solution of ballast material into the annular space combined pipes.

The combination of the following distinctive features of the system was not found during patent information research, therefore, the utility model meets the criterion of "novelty": the pipeline is located outside the combined pipe, the hoses are attached to the holes in the shell, the inner diameter of each hose is selected based on the ratio:

,

and the diameter of the pipeline connected to the concrete pump is selected according to the condition:

,

where d _m is the diameter of the pipeline connected to the concrete pump;

N is the number of holes connected through hoses to the pipeline of ballast material.

Figure 1 shows the design of the pipe combined with a ballast coating.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of a ballast coating system for a combined pipe.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of a system that provides a doubling of performance in comparison with the system shown in figure 2.

The combined pipe (Fig. 1) consists of a central pipe 1, which serves to transport liquid or gas under high pressure, a sheath 2 located concentrically relative to the central pipe 1 with the formation of an annular space 3; centralizers 4 between the outer surface of the central pipe 1 and the inner surface of the shell 2, covers 5 and 6, defining the annular space 3, and ballast material 7 in the annular space 3; several holes 8 in the shell 2, serving to enter the solution of ballast material 7; plugs 9 installed in the holes 8 after filling the annular space 3 with a solution of ballast material 7, while the diameter of the holes 8 is selected based on the ratio:

,

where d is the diameter of the hole 8 in the shell 2;

D _ext. - the inner diameter of the shell 2;

D _nar. - the outer diameter of the Central pipe 1.

To significantly reduce the flow resistance of the solution of ballast material 7 through the hole 8 in the shell 2, the diameter of each hole 8 for introducing the solution of ballast material 7 is selected based on the ratio:

d = (1 ÷ 2) (D _ext. -D _nar. ).

To reduce the resistance to flow of the solution of ballast material 7 from the hole 8 into the annular space 3, at least one of the holes 8 in the shell 2 is located between adjacent centralizers 4.

The centers of the holes 8 are located on a line located in the same plane with the axis of the Central pipe 1.

To increase the reliability of the retention of caps 5 and 6 from extrusion of a ballast material 7 when filling the annular space 3, sleeves 5a and 6a of heat-shrinkable polyethylene or composite material are installed on the pipe.

The system for applying a ballast coating to a combined pipe of the proposed design (Fig. 2) consists of a concrete pump 10, a pipe 11 connected to a concrete pump 10; hoses 12 connecting the pipe 11 to the holes 8 for supplying a solution of ballast material 7 into the annular space 3 of the combined pipe; the pipe 11 is located outside the combined pipe, the hoses 12 are connected to the holes 8 in the shell 2, the inner diameter of each hose 12 is selected based on the ratio:

,

where d _W - the inner diameter of the hose 12,

and the diameter of the pipe 11 connected to the concrete pump 10 is selected by the condition:

,

where dm is the diameter of the pipe 11 connected to the concrete pump 10;

N is the number of holes 8 connected through hoses 12 to the pipe 11.

The concrete pump 10 is rotationally driven by an electric motor 13 through a reducer 14. At the outlet of the concrete pump 10, valves 15 are installed.

To double the productivity, the system consists of two subsystems 16 (Fig. 3), each of which includes a concrete pump 10, an attached pipe 11 located outside the combined pipe, and hoses 12 connecting the pipe 11 with holes 8.

To fill the annular space 3 with a solution of ballast material 7, the combined pipe is installed on the platform 17 (Fig. 3), the hoses 12 are connected to the holes 8, the valves 15 are opened, the hopper 18 is filled with the ballast material solution 7, the motor 13 is turned on. The ballast material solution 7 is pumped 10 through hoses 12 and holes 8 into the annular space 3. Air from the annular space 3 is displaced into the atmosphere through the hole 19. After filling the annular space 3 with a solution of ballast material ala 7 turn off motor 10, the shutter 15 is closed, remove hoses 12. The opening 8 is set stub 9 in hole 19 - stopper 20 (Figure 1).

If the combined pipe is removed from the platform 17, then the next combined pipe is installed on the platform and the process is repeated. If the combined pipe remains on the platform 17 until the solution of ballast material 7 has solidified, then the hoses 12 are connected to the combined pipe installed side by side on another platform (not shown).

If you want to double the productivity of filling the annular space 3 with a solution of ballast material 7 to the holes 8, you can connect the hoses 12 from two subsystems 16 (figure 3).

Claims (8)

1. Combined pipe, consisting of a central pipe serving for transporting liquid or gas under high pressure, a shell located concentrically with respect to the central pipe with the formation of an annular space; centralizers between the outer surface of the central pipe and the inner surface of the shell, caps that bound the annular space, and ballast material in the annular space, characterized in that the shell has several holes that serve to enter the ballast material solution, and plugs installed in the holes after filling the annular space with ballast material, and the diameter of the holes for the injection of ballast material is selected based on the ratio:

, where d is the diameter of the hole in the shell; D _ext. - inner diameter of the shell; D _nar. - the outer diameter of the central pipe. 2. The combined pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of each hole for introducing a solution of ballast material is selected based on the ratio: d = (1 ÷ 2) (D _ext. -D _nar. ). 3. The combined pipe according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between adjacent centralizers in the shell there is at least one hole. 4. The combined pipe according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the centers of the holes in the shell are located on a line that is in the same plane with the axis of the central pipe. 5. The ballast coating system for a combined pipe according to claim 1, consisting of a concrete pump, a pipe connected to a concrete pump; hoses connecting the pipeline to the holes for supplying a solution of ballast material into the annular space of the combined pipe; characterized in that the pipeline is located outside the combined pipe, the hoses are attached to the holes in the shell, the inner diameter of each hose is selected based on the ratio:

, where d _W - the inner diameter of the hose, and the diameter of the pipeline connected to the concrete pump is selected according to the condition:

, where d _m is the diameter of the pipeline connected to the concrete pump; N is the number of holes connected through hoses to the pipeline of ballast material. 6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that it consists of two subsystems, each of which includes a concrete pump, a pipeline connected to it, located outside the combined pipe; hoses connecting the pipeline to the holes in the shell. 7. The system for applying a ballast coating to a combined pipe according to claim 2, consisting of a concrete pump, a pipeline connected to a concrete pump; hoses connecting the pipeline to the holes for supplying a solution of ballast material into the annular space of the combined pipe; characterized in that the pipeline is located outside the combined pipe, the hoses are attached to the holes in the shell, the inner diameter of each hose is selected based on the ratio:

, and the diameter of the pipeline connected to the concrete pump is selected according to the condition:

, where d _m is the diameter of the pipeline connected to the concrete pump; N is the number of holes connected through hoses to the pipeline of ballast material. 8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that it consists of two subsystems, each of which includes a concrete pump, a pipe connected to it, located outside the combined pipe; hoses connecting the pipeline to the holes in the shell.