RU87719U1 - DIGGER DIGGING APPLIANCE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The soil intake device of the dredging projectile, including a tip with a suction pharynx, a water supply pipe and a hydraulic monitor for loosening the soil, equipped with nozzles for transporting soil directed towards the tip, characterized in that the hydraulic monitor is equipped with additional nozzles installed with the possibility of creating a zone of loosened soil in front main nozzles in the direction of the monitor. ! 2. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional nozzles are mounted radially. ! 3. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes of the additional nozzles are installed in the same plane with the axes of the main ones. ! 4. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the additional nozzle mounted in a vertical plane is directed at an angle of 20-60 ° to the horizontal.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to hydromechanization, in particular, to technical means of extracting minerals from under water.

Known suction device dredging projectile, including a suction tip and a collector with nozzles, while the suction tip is divided by a collector with nozzles in height into two separate suction sections (AS USSR No. 1208145, E02F 3/88, 1984). Known soil intake device allows you to conduct soil development at various depths. A disadvantage of the known device is the low consistency of the soil, since a large amount of clean water is sucked along the perimeter of the tip when sucking in soil washed out with a hydraulic ripper. This reduces the efficiency of the device. In addition, since the soil is taken through a narrow gap between the tip and the soil in the conditions of a small active suction zone, the soil sampling mode is constantly changing due to changes in the soil properties, the height of its slope, the speed of the device, etc., which reduces productivity soil intake. Soil cultivation is carried out by the erosion method, characterized by a small area of active cultivation. It also reduces the stability of the soil sampling process, and when the slopes of the soil collapse, the tip gets slaughtered and the work stops.

Also known is a suction device for an dredging projectile, including a suction tip with an adjacent water supply channel with an element for regulating the flow area and a hydraulic ripper, while the lower part of the separation wall between the suction tip and the water supply channel is made in the form of one or more plates mounted for movement along the separation walls (AS USSR No. 1155688, E02F 3/88, 1982). In this soil sampling device, the process of loosening the soil is supposed to be carried out by the diffusion method, which increases the consistency of the water-soil mixture. However, soil sampling is also carried out by suction through a narrow gap. Moreover, the size of the suction gap can be controlled not only by moving the tip, but also by changing the position of the plates mounted on the dividing wall between the suction tip and the water supply channel, which increases the stability of the soil in comparison with the previous technical solution. However, the active suction zone also remains small, therefore many factors have a great influence on the stability of the soil sampling process, which reduces productivity. In addition, it is necessary to note the complexity of the working movements of the soil sampling device, since it is designed to work only under a layer of soil. In the presence of associated underlying layers, the operation of the device is generally excluded.

Also known is a suction device for a dredging projectile, including a tip with a suction pharynx, a water supply pipe and a hydraulic monitor for loosening the soil (Papulov V.I., Menshchikov A.I., Ivanov A.S. Development of underwater mineral deposits. - M .: CPU NTGO, MGI, 1983, p. 12, Fig. 4.1g). Soil loosening can be carried out by a hydraulic monitor both by the erosion method and by the diffusion method, due to the possibility of axial movement of the hydraulic monitor, which slightly increases the consistency of the water-soil mixture. However, soil sampling is also carried out only by absorption through a narrow gap, therefore, the active absorption zone remains small, which excludes the stability of the soil sampling and reduces its productivity.

It is known and adopted as a prototype a dredger suction device, including a tip with a suction pharynx, a water supply pipe, a hydraulic monitor for loosening the soil, equipped with nozzles for transporting soil directed toward the tip (RF Patent for Utility Model No. 47394 E02F 3/88, 3/92 dated March 16, 2005). In a known technical solution, nozzles for transporting soil expand the absorption zone, which ensures the stability of the soil sampling process. However, in the known soil sampling device, both hydraulic loosening of the soil and its transportation are carried out by L-shaped nozzles, which are effective for hydrotransport, but, as operating experience has shown, are ineffective for hydraulic loosening, which reduces the area of loosened soil and the performance of the dredger.

The problem being solved by the proposed utility model is to increase the productivity of soil collection by increasing the consistency of the sucked-in water-soil mixture.

The technical result that can be obtained using the proposed technical solution is to increase the area of loosened soil.

To solve the problem with the achievement of the specified technical result in the well-known suction device of the dredging projectile, including a tip with a suction pharynx, a water supply pipe, a hydraulic monitor for loosening the soil, equipped with nozzles for transporting soil directed towards the tip, according to the proposed utility model, the hydraulic monitor is equipped with additional nozzles installed with the possibility of creating a zone of loosened soil in front of the main nozzles in the direction of movement of the monitor.

Additional options for the dredging device of the dredging projectile are possible, in which it is advisable that:

- additional nozzles for loosening the soil were installed radially;

- the axis of the additional nozzles were installed in the same plane with the axes of the main;

- the axis of the additional nozzle mounted in a vertical plane is directed at an angle of 20-60 ° to the horizontal.

The indicated advantages, as well as the features of the proposed utility model are illustrated by its implementation options with reference to the drawings: Fig. 1 shows a side view of a device with a hydraulic monitor; figure 2 is a view of figure 1 (option 1); figure 3 is a view a in figure 1 (option 2); figure 4 is a section bB in figure 1 (option 1); figure 5 - section bb in figure 1 (option 1); figure 6 is a section GG in figure 1 (option 1); Fig.7 is a section bB in Fig.1 (option 2); in Fig.8 is a section bb in Fig.1 (option 2); Fig.9 is a section DD in Fig.4 and 7; figure 10 is a section EE in figure 5 and 8; figure 11 is a section FJ in figure 9; in Fig.12 - section II in Fig.10.

The suction device of the dredging projectile includes a tip 1 with a suction pharynx 2, a water supply pipe 3 and a hydraulic monitor 4 for loosening the soil. The hydraulic monitor 4 is equipped with nozzles 5 for transporting soil, as well as additional nozzles 6 for loosening the soil, installed with the possibility of creating a zone of loosened soil in front of the nozzles 5 in the direction of movement of the monitor 4. There are also nozzles 7, 8 and 9 for cutting the bottom of the slope. The tip 1 is connected to a suction pipe (not shown in FIG.). A screen 10 is installed above the pharynx 2, which reduces the absorption of pure water into the pharynx. The screen is connected by stiffness beams 11, 12 with a monitor 4 and a pipe 3 with the formation of a spatial rigid truss that increases the strength of the soil sampling device. The soil intake device can be equipped with one monitor 4 with nozzles (FIGS. 2, 4, 5, 6), with two monitors 4 (FIGS. 3, 7, 8) and more monitors, depending on the width of the suction mouth 2 of the soil receiver 1. To ensure durable installation of the nozzles 5 on the monitor 4 are provided with stiffening ribs 13, and nozzles 6-14.

Dredging device dredger works as follows. Before starting work, water is supplied through a pipe 3 to the hydraulic monitor 4 from the pump of the hydraulic cultivator (not shown in the drawing). Then the tip 1 is lowered to a predetermined depth of development and the dirt pump (not shown) is turned on. In the process, the Soil intake device is moved forward and lowered down, while the hydraulic monitor 4 is introduced into the ground due to the erosive action of water flowing out of the nozzles 6, 7, 8 and 9. The washed out soil is displaced by the water coming again from the nozzles 6, 7, 8 and 9 to the surface of the hydraulic monitor 4 and is picked up by the water jets flowing from the nozzles 5 and transported by them further to the suction pharynx 2. The nozzles 5 are installed along the hydraulic monitor 4 and provide soil transportation throughout length to the suction pharynx 2. Through the pharynx 2, the soil enters the tip 1 and then is transported through the suction pipe to the soil pump.

When working in a pit method, the soil pick-up device is lowered down. The water monitor and nozzles also fall down, while the jet of water from the nozzles 6 act on the bed of soil and erode it. The soil is mixed with water flowing from the nozzles 6, with the formation of a zone of highly saturated water-soil mixture. When lowering the soil intake device, nozzles 5 enter the zone of loosened soil created by the nozzles 6. Water jets flowing from the nozzles 5 pick up the soil washed out by the nozzles 6 and move it to the suction pharynx. At the same time, water from nozzles 6 acts on the soil at a right angle, which ensures high efficiency of loosening of packed dense soils, and nozzles 5 only transport soil. Thus, the supply of nozzles 5 with additional nozzles 6 makes it possible to separate the erosion and transportation functions that previously only performed nozzles 5, between them, taking into account their effectiveness: nozzles 6 are loosened and the soil is prepared for transportation, nozzles 5 are transported. Therefore, thanks to the installation of additional nozzles 6, efficient pit operation is ensured in the development of dense compacted soils.

When working with the pit-trench method, the soil sampling device not only lowers down, but also moves forward (to the right in Fig. 1). Water flowing out from nozzles 6 with water jets loosens up: the soil separated from the bottom bed is mixed with water flowing out from nozzles 6 to form a zone of highly saturated water-soil mixture. When moving the soil intake device after the nozzles 6 installed in front of the nozzles 5 in the direction of movement of the monitor, nozzles 5 enter the loosened soil zone. Water jets flowing from the nozzles 5 pick up the soil washed out by the nozzles 6 and move it to the suction pharynx. At the same time, water from nozzles 6 acts on the soil at a right angle, which ensures high efficiency of loosening of packed dense soils, and nozzles 5 only transport soil. Therefore, thanks to the installation of nozzles 6 in front of the nozzles 5 along the direction of movement of the monitor, efficient pit-trench operation is ensured in the development of dense compacted soils.

Thus, when working in the pit and pit-trench ways, additional nozzles 6 create a zone of loosened soil around the nozzles 5, which ensures efficient loosening of the nozzles 6 and efficient transportation of the soil by nozzles 5, so that the soil is taken with high saturation of the water-ground mixture. Choosing the optimal ratio of nozzle diameters 5 and 6, depending on the type of soil and operating conditions, the maximum productivity of the soil sampling device is achieved.

An additional nozzle 7 provides an undercut of the sole of the soil in front of the monitor 4, contributing to its collapse in the zone of operation of the nozzles 5 and 6, which improves the forward movement of the monitor and increases saturation of the water-soil mixture. The installation of this nozzle at an angle β = 20-60 ° (Fig. 9) to the horizon will provide effective loosening of the sole of the soil at different angles of inclination of the soil sampling device to the horizon with a changing depth of the soil.

Additional nozzles 8 are used to cut the sole of the soil on the sides of the monitor 4, which eliminates the collapse of the soil and ensures uniform saturation of the water-soil mixture.

Thanks to the installation of nozzles 6 along the length of the hydraulic monitor 4, the soil is washed out and weighed over its entire length, which ensures an increase in the consistency of the sucked soil. In this case, the soil is in suspension over the entire length of the hydraulic monitor, and this entire volume moves to the pharynx 2. Thus, the active absorption zone increases due to the increase in the hydraulic loosening zone and makes up this entire volume of the soil transported to the pharynx 2. In this case, an already prepared water-ground mixture arrives at the pharynx 2, formed as a result of mixing the soil with water coming from nozzles 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Selecting the ratio of the flow rate of water flowing from nozzles 5 and 6, depending on the type of soil being developed provides maximum dredger performance.

The formation of a water-ground mixture along the length of the hydraulic monitor 4 eliminates the influence of changes in the properties of the soil in the massif on the consistency of the water-ground mixture: trapped caking layers of soil will be destroyed by water jets from nozzles 6 throughout the entire movement of the soil along the hydraulic monitor 4, and a homogeneous water-ground mixture of the calculated consistency will enter the pharynx 2 that stabilizes the process of dredging and increases the productivity of the dredger. Due to the large extent of the loosening zone (suspended soil) along the hydraulic monitor 4, the large inclusions (for example, cobblestones) that have fallen will fall down in this zone and will not fall into the shed 2. This will reduce the time spent on cleaning the soil pipe, which will also increase the operational performance of the dredger. In the event of a sudden collapse of the arch of the soil above the soil receiver, its blockages are eliminated, since the soil will be actively eroded by jets from nozzles 6, 7, 8, and 9 and transported to the throat 2 in the form of a water-soil mixture, excluding disruption of the soil intake and stopping of the dredger to free the soil receiver from the blockage.

The installation of nozzles 6 in front of the nozzles 5 in the direction of movement of the monitor 4 provides loosening of the soil in front of the nozzles 5 and deepening the monitor with nozzles in the thickness of the soil. Nozzles 6 loosen the soil in front of the nozzles 5 and provide unhindered movement of the monitor 4 with nozzles forward (to the right in FIGS. 9 and 10) into the soil, providing a high consistency of the sucked-in water-soil mixture

The radial installation of the nozzles 6 provides loosening of the soil around the monitor 4 at a maximum distance, creating the maximum amount of loosened soil at a given flow rate through the nozzle 6, which expands the area of loosening of the soil.

The installation of the axes of the additional nozzles 6 in the same plane with the axes of the nozzles 5 ensures the creation of a zone of loosened soil directly in front of the nozzles 5, which facilitates the movement of the monitor 4 in the thickness of the soil and thereby increases the consistency of the sucked-in water-soil mixture.

Claims (4)

1. The soil intake device of the dredging projectile, including a tip with a suction pharynx, a water supply pipe and a hydraulic monitor for loosening the soil, equipped with nozzles for transporting soil directed towards the tip, characterized in that the hydraulic monitor is equipped with additional nozzles installed with the possibility of creating a zone of loosened soil in front main nozzles in the direction of the monitor. 2. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional nozzles are mounted radially. 3. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes of the additional nozzles are installed in the same plane with the axes of the main ones. 4. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the additional nozzle mounted in a vertical plane is directed at an angle of 20-60 ° to the horizontal.