RU47394U1 - DIGGER DIGGING APPLIANCE - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed utility model relates to hydromechanization, in particular, to technical means of extracting minerals from under water. The purpose of the proposed utility model is to increase the productivity of soil sampling. The goal is achieved by increasing the active absorption zone, due to which the consistency of the sucked-in water-soil mixture and the stability of the soil sampling process are increased. The essence of the utility model. The suction device of the dredging projectile includes a tip 1 with a suction pharynx 2, a water supply pipe 3 and a hydraulic monitor 4 for loosening the soil. The hydraulic monitor 4 is equipped with nozzles 5 for transporting soil. At the end of the hydraulic monitor 4 there is a nozzle 6 for loosening the soil. In the process, the Soil intake device is moved forward and lowered down, while the hydraulic monitor 4 is embedded in the ground due to the erosive action of water flowing from the nozzle 6. The washed out soil is displaced by the water coming again from the nozzle 6, moves along the surface of the hydraulic monitor 4, is picked up by water jets flowing out of the nozzles 5, and transported by them further to the suction pharynx 2. Due to the installation of nozzles 5 along the length of the hydraulic monitor 4, the soil is transported to the suction pharynx 2 Thus, the active absorption zone (soil intake zone) extends to the entire length of the hydraulic monitor. In this case, an already prepared water-ground mixture arrives at the pharynx 2, formed as a result of mixing the soil with water coming from nozzles 6 and 5. By selecting the ratio of the flow rate of water flowing from the nozzles 6 and 5 to the soil dredger productivity, it is possible to carry out soil sampling with the optimal consistency water-soil mixture, ensuring maximum productivity of the dredger. Due to the large extent of the zone of suspended soil along the hydraulic monitor 4, large inclusions (for example, cobblestones) that have fallen will fall down in this zone and will not fall into the shed 2. This will reduce the time spent on cleaning the soil pipe, which will increase the operational productivity of the dredger. In the event of a sudden collapse of the arch of the soil above the soil receiver, its blockages are excluded, since the soil will be actively eroded by jets from nozzles 6 and 5 and transported to the throat 2 in the form of a water-soil mixture, excluding disruption of the soil intake and stopping of the dredger to free the soil receiver from the blockage.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to hydromechanization, in particular, to technical means of extracting minerals from under water.

Known suction device dredging projectile, including a suction tip and a collector with nozzles, while the suction tip is divided by a collector with nozzles in height into two separate suction sections (AS USSR No. 1208145, E 02 F 3/88, 1984). Known soil intake device allows you to conduct soil development at various depths. A disadvantage of the known device is the low consistency of the soil, since a large amount of clean water is sucked along the perimeter of the tip when sucking in soil washed out with a hydraulic ripper. This reduces the efficiency of the device. In addition, since the soil is taken through a narrow gap between the tip and the soil in the conditions of a small active suction zone, the soil sampling mode is constantly changing due to changes in the soil properties, the height of its slope, the speed of the device, etc., which reduces productivity soil intake. Soil cultivation is carried out by the erosion method, characterized by a small area of active cultivation. It also reduces the stability of the soil sampling process, and when the slopes of the soil collapse, the tip gets slaughtered and the work stops.

Also known is a suction device for an dredging projectile, including a suction tip with an adjacent water supply channel with an element for regulating the flow area and a hydraulic ripper, while the lower part of the separation wall between the suction tip and the water supply channel is made in the form of one or more plates mounted for movement along the separation walls (AS USSR No. 1155688, E 02 F 3/88, 1982). In this soil sampling device, the process of loosening the soil is supposed to be carried out by the diffusion method, which increases the consistency of the water-soil mixture. However, soil sampling is also carried out by suction through a narrow gap. Moreover, the size of the suction gap can be controlled not only by moving the tip, but also by changing the position of the plates mounted on the dividing wall between the suction tip and the water supply channel, which increases the stability of the soil in comparison with the previous technical solution. However, the active suction zone also remains small, therefore many factors have a great influence on the stability of the soil sampling process, which reduces productivity. In addition, it is necessary to note the complexity of the working movements of the soil sampling device, since it is designed to work only under a layer of soil. In the presence of associated underlying layers, the operation of the device is generally excluded.

It is known and adopted as a prototype the suction device of an dredging projectile, including a tip with a suction pharynx, a water supply pipe and a hydraulic monitor for loosening the soil (Papulov V.I., Menitsikov A.I., Ivanov A.S. Development of underwater mineral deposits. - M .: CPU NTGO, MGI, 1983, p. 12, Fig. 4.1g). Soil loosening can be carried out by a hydraulic monitor both by the erosion method and by the diffusion method, due to the possibility of axial movement of the hydraulic monitor, which slightly increases the consistency of the water-soil mixture. However, soil sampling is also carried out only by absorption through a narrow gap, therefore, the active absorption zone remains small, which excludes the stability of the soil sampling and reduces its productivity.

The problem being solved by the proposed utility model is an increase in the active zone of soil absorption.

The technical result that can be obtained using the proposed technical solution is to increase the productivity of soil collection by increasing the consistency of the sucked-in water-soil mixture and the stability of the soil-sampling process.

To solve the problem with the achievement of the specified technical result in a well-known suction device of an dredging projectile, including a tip with a suction pharynx, a water supply pipe and a hydraulic monitor for loosening the soil, according to the proposed utility model, the hydraulic monitor is equipped with nozzles for transporting soil directed towards the tip.

Additional options for the dredging device of the dredging projectile are possible, in which it is advisable that:

- nozzles for transporting soil were made L-shaped;

- the hydraulic monitor was made in the form of a nozzle with nozzles mounted on its end and on the side surface;

- the hydraulic monitor was installed in the center of the suction pharynx of the tip;

- the hydraulic monitor was installed above the suction pharynx of the tip;

- it was equipped with a pulsator mounted on a water supply pipe;

- the hydraulic monitor was made in the form of two nozzles with nozzles mounted on their ends and side surfaces;

- the pulsator was made in the form of a flapper valve installed at the junction of the nozzles with the water supply pipe with the possibility of rotation;

- nozzles at the ends of the nozzles for loosening the soil were installed at an angle of 0-90 ° to the axis of the hydraulic monitor;

- the hydraulic monitor was installed with the possibility of axial movement;

- the tip was equipped with a collector with nozzles for loosening the soil;

- the collector was installed under the suction pharynx of the tip;

- nozzles were installed at an angle of 90-180 ° to the plane of the pharynx of the tip;

- the collector was made in the form of a pipe with nozzles and installed with the possibility of rotation about its axis;

- the collector was made in the form of two nozzles mounted on the sides of the tip;

- the tip was equipped with a screen;

- nozzles for transporting soil were installed in the channels.

The indicated advantages, as well as the features of the proposed utility model are illustrated by its implementation options with reference to the drawings: Fig. 1 shows a device with a hydraulic monitor in the center of the suction pharynx of the tip; figure 2 - a view of figure 1; figure 3 section BB in figure 1; figure 4 - device with a hydraulic monitor over the suction pharynx; figure 5 - device with a pulsator and a collector under the suction pharynx; figure 6 - section bb in figure 5; 7 is a device with a collector on the sides of the suction pharynx; in Fig.8 is a view of G in Fig.7; Fig.9 is a section DD in Fig.7; figure 10 is a device with a directional channels on the hydraulic monitor; figure 11 is a section EE in figure 10; in Fig.12 - section FJ in Fig.10; Fig.13 is a diagram of the operation of the device.

The suction device of the dredging projectile includes a tip 1 with a suction pharynx 2, a water supply pipe 3 and a hydraulic monitor 4 for loosening the soil. The hydraulic monitor 4 is equipped with nozzles 5 for transporting soil. At the end of the hydraulic monitor 4 there is a nozzle 6 for loosening the soil. The tip 1 is connected to the suction pipe 7. In the throat 2 can be installed grille 8 with ribs to protect against ingress of foreign impurities. A screen 9 can be installed above the pharynx 2. The device can be equipped with a collector 10 with nozzles 11 and a water supply pipe 12 and a hydraulic cylinder 13. The device can be equipped with a pulsator 14, a guiding sleeve 15c with a hydraulic cylinder 16. The collector 10 can be installed in bearings 17, equipped with dispenser

18 and nozzles 19 at its ends. The hydraulic monitor can be made of two nozzles 20 and 21 connected to the pipe 3 through a shutter 22 driven by a power cylinder 23. The device can be equipped with a collector made in the form of two nozzles 24 and 25 mounted on the sides of the pharynx 2 connected to the hydraulic monitor channels 26 and provided with nozzles 27. The device can be equipped with fins 28 mounted on the hydraulic monitor and a flow divider 29 installed in the tip 1 above the nozzle of the hydraulic monitor.

Dredging device dredger works as follows. Before starting work, water is supplied through a pipe 3 to the hydraulic monitor 4 from the pump of the hydraulic cultivator (not shown in the drawing). Then the tip 1 is lowered to a predetermined depth of development and the dirt pump (not shown) is turned on. In the process, the Soil intake device is moved forward and lowered down, while the hydraulic monitor 4 is embedded in the ground due to the erosive action of water flowing from the nozzle 6. The washed out soil is displaced by the water coming again from the nozzle 6 along the surface of the hydraulic monitor 4 and is picked up by jets of water flowing from the nozzles 5 and transported by them further to the suction pharynx 2. The nozzles 5 are installed along the hydraulic monitor 4 and provide transportation of the soil along its entire length to the suction pharynx 2. Through the pharynx 2, the soil enters the tip 1 and then is transported through the suction pipe 7 to the soil pump. Due to the installation of nozzles 5 along the length of the hydraulic monitor 4, the washed and weighed soil water flowing from the nozzle 6 is forcedly transported to the suction pharynx 2. The soil is suspended throughout the entire length of the hydraulic monitor, and this entire volume moves to the pharynx 2. Thus, active absorption zone (soil intake zone) and makes up all this volume of soil moved to the pharynx 2. In this case, an already prepared water-ground mixture arrives at the pharynx 2, formed as a result of mixing the soil with water coming from nozzles 6 and 5. By selecting the ratio of the flow rate of water flowing from the nozzles 6 and 5 to the soil dredger productivity, it is possible to carry out soil sampling with the optimal consistency water-soil mixture, ensuring maximum productivity of the dredger. The formation of a water-ground mixture along the length of the hydraulic monitor 4 eliminates the influence of changes in the properties of the soil in the massif on the consistency of the water-ground mixture: trapped caking layers of soil will be destroyed by jets of water from nozzles 6 and 5 throughout the entire movement of the soil along the hydraulic monitor 4, and a uniform water-ground mixture will flow into the throat 2 design consistency, which stabilizes the soil sampling process and helps to increase the productivity of the dredger. Due to the large extent of the zone of suspended soil along the hydro-monitor 4, large-sized inclusions (for example, cobblestones) that have fallen will fall down in this zone and will not fall into the shed 2. This will reduce the time spent on cleaning the soil pipe, which will also increase the operational performance of the dredger. In the event of a sudden collapse of the arch of the soil above the soil receiver, its blockages are excluded, since the soil will be actively eroded by jets from nozzles 6 and 5 and transported to the throat 2 in the form of a water-soil mixture, excluding disruption of the soil intake and stopping of the dredger to free the soil receiver from the blockage.

The execution of nozzles 5 L-shaped provides not only the transportation of soil to the pharynx 2, but also loosening it in the array when moving the soil sampling device, which helps to increase the consistency of the soil being taken. In addition, the L-shaped design of the nozzles allows you to perform and install them along the axis of the hydraulic monitor 4 so that large nozzles (diameter and height of departure) are closer to the pharynx, and as the distance from the pharynx decreases, the size of the nozzles. This ensures the creation of an active absorption zone in the form of a cone with a base at the suction pharynx 2 and a tip at the nozzle 6, which facilitates the process of deepening into the soil, and also increases the volume of transported soil as it approaches the pharynx 2 and productivity

soil dredger with optimal energy consumption for hydraulic loosening and forced soil transportation.

The implementation of the hydraulic monitor 4 in the form of a nozzle with nozzles 5 on its lateral surface and 6 at the end provides a reduction in friction losses during forced movement of the soil to the throat 2 along the axis of the hydraulic monitor, which increases the productivity of soil sampling.

The installation of a hydraulic monitor 4 in the center of the pharynx 2 of the tip 1 provides a high-performance soil intake during the development of incoherent soil. When using the pit method, as the soil is selected when lowering the soil sampling device, the soil will slide off the slopes, ensuring uniform saturation of the water-soil mixture throughout the volume of the active absorption zone, which increases productivity.

The installation of a hydraulic monitor 4 above the pharynx 2 of the tip 1 provides a high-performance soil sampling during the development of soil with cohesive layers, when slopes do not uniformly slide, and their sudden collapse into the active absorption zone can occur. When working in the pit method, as the tip 1 is lowered, soil is selected from below, so the side and lower nozzles 5 work, moving the soil to the pharynx 2 (Fig. 4). In this case, the lateral nozzles are installed at an angle directing them to the pharynx 2. If the slopes of the soil suddenly collapse, the hydraulic monitor 4 will prevent the pharynx 2 from obstructing by closing it and providing mixing of the soil with water flowing from the nozzles 5 and 6.

The installation of the pulsator 14 on the water supply pipe to the nozzles 5 and 6 (Fig. 5) provides an increase in soil sampling performance, since when the pulsator breaker is rotated, the hydraulic monitor 4 alternately connects and disconnects with the water supply pipe, so that the flowing water jets from nozzles 5 and 6 will intermittent - pulsating. It is known that the effect of pulsating jets on the soil is more effective than with a uniform outflow. Therefore, in the presence of a pulsator, the jets of nozzles 6 erode a larger amount of soil, and the jets of nozzles 5 can move a more highly saturated water-soil mixture, which will increase the productivity of soil sampling.

For papillage operation, the hydraulic monitor can be made in the form of two nozzles 20 and 21 (Figs. 7, 8) with nozzles 5 and 6 on their surfaces. On the lateral surfaces of the nozzles 20 and 21, not only nozzles 5 for forcing the soil to be transported to the suction pharynx can be installed, but also nozzles 6 for loosening cohesive soil that has been caking with layers during papillonization. Depending on the direction of papilloning of the soil intake device, one of the nozzles 20 or 21 is turned on: when the device moves to the right, water for loosening and transporting the soil is supplied only to the nozzle 21, while the damper 22 takes position I (Fig. 8), blocking the water access to nozzle 20. Nozzles 6 loosen the soil to the right and from the end from the nozzle 21, and nozzles 5 transport it to the suction pharynx. Due to the supply of all the water to only one pipe 21, the loosening and transportation of soil is carried out more intensively, which increases the productivity of the soil. When moving the soil intake device to the left, the damper 22 takes position II (Fig. 8) and all the water from the pipe 3 enters only into the pipe 20, providing intensive loosening and hydraulic transport of the soil to the suction pharynx with high productivity of the soil. When using the pit method, water from the pipe 3 can be supplied simultaneously to the nozzles 20 and 21 with the central position of the shutter 22, as shown in Fig. 8. Loosening of the soil and its transportation to the suction pharynx is carried out by all nozzles 5 and 6 of both nozzles 20 and 21. This increases the area of loosening and transportation of soil, which helps to increase the stability of the soil under changing ground conditions.

When the soil-intake device is operated in a pit method, water from the pipe 3 can be supplied alternately to the nozzles 20 and 21 due to the oscillatory movement of the valve 22 to positions I and II (Fig. 8) by a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 23. Moreover, all the water from the pipe

3 is supplied either only to the pipe 20 or to the pipe 21, providing a shock (intermittent) effect of water jets on the soil, which intensifies loosening and hydrotransport of the loosened soil to the suction pharynx, thereby increasing the productivity of the soil sampling. Thus, the shutter 22 in this case acts as a pulsator.

When developing thick layers of caked soil caked with interlayers, nozzles 6 at the ends of the nozzles 4 (Fig. 5) and 20, 21 (Fig. 8) can be installed at angles β = 0-90 ° to the axis of the nozzles to expand the soil loosening zone. This reduces the likelihood of sudden collapse of slopes and increases the operational productivity of the soil. The angle β can be changed depending on the developed soil due to the installation of corner nozzles.

The hydraulic monitor 4 can be installed with the possibility of axial movement (figure 5). This makes it possible to change the size of the active soil absorption zone and adjust its optimal value depending on the state of the developed soil: when developing loose soils in thin layers, the active absorption zone should be reduced in order to avoid soil entrainment and reduced productivity. For this, the pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 16, the hydraulic monitor 4 moves to the left. When developing soil in thick layers, the active absorption zone increases due to the movement of the hydraulic monitor 4 by the cylinder 16 before the throat by a large amount, which reduces the likelihood of sudden collapse of slopes and increases the stability of the soil.

The soil intake device can be equipped with a collector 10 (Fig. 4, 5, 6) or 24, 25 (Fig. 7, 8, 9) with nozzles for loosening the soil. Additional loosening of the soil provides expansion of the area of soil development and increases the productivity of soil intake.

When excavating the soil using a pit and trench method, a collector 10 with nozzles 11 for loosening the soil is installed under the suction mouth 2 of tip 1 (Figs. 4, 5), to ensure not only the expansion of the soil development zone, but also the penetration of the tip into the soil when lowering the soil sampling device for soil intake. The jets of water flowing from the nozzles 11, loosen the soil under the pharynx 2, so that the tip can freely go down, providing a stable soil intake.

When changing the angle of inclination of the soil intake device to the horizon when working in a trench way at different depths of the soil for more effective loosening of the soil, the nozzles 11 are set at an angle a to the plane of the mouth of the tip from 90 to 180 ° (Fig. 4). When working at shallow depths of the soil, the angle a is close to 180 ° to ensure better penetration of tip 1 into the soil and a stable mode of soil extraction. When working at great depths, the angle a decreases to close to 90 °. Optimum angles α can be set depending on the depth of the soil intake using corner gaskets for nozzles 11 (not shown) or using corner nozzles.

When the soil sampling device is operating in conditions of often changing depths of the soil, the collector 10 can be made in the form of a nozzle with nozzles 11, which is mounted with the possibility of rotation about its axis using a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 13 (Figs. 5, 6). In this case, the angle between the nozzles 11 and the plane of the throat 2 is regulated by rotating the collector 10 relative to its axis by the cylinder 13. Depending on the angle of inclination of the soil sampling device to the horizon, the optimal position of the nozzles 11 is established when a stable mode of soil sampling with maximum productivity is ensured. In addition, in conditions of changing soils, the installation angle of the nozzles 11 can continuously fluctuate with respect to a certain average optimal value, providing a stable mode of soil sampling. To develop lateral slopes of the soil, the collector 10 can be equipped with nozzles 19 (Fig.6) mounted on its ends, which will reduce the likelihood of a sudden collapse of the side slopes.

When the soil-intake device is operated by the papillage method, the collector can be made in the form of two nozzles 24 and 25 with nozzles 27 for loosening the soil

(Figs. 7, 8, 9). When the device is moved to the right, water is hydrated for soil loosening into the nozzle 25 through a channel 26 from the nozzle 21. The soil is loosened by water streams emerging from the nozzles 27 in front of the soil sampling device, increasing the soil development zone in front of tip 1, and also facilitating its movement in the ground, which helps to stabilize the regime of soil intake. When moving the soil intake device to the left, water is pumped into the nozzle 24 for hydraulic loosening. The water supply is not to both nozzles 24, 25 at the same time, but alternately to one of them, located on the side of the soil massif, provides increased saturation of the water-soil mixture with soil and the capacity of the soil sampling.

The tip 1 can be equipped with a screen 9, which reduces the suction of the surrounding water, increasing the consistency of the water-soil mixture and the productivity of the soil.

Nozzles 5 for transporting soil can be installed in the channels formed by the ribs 28 mounted on the hydraulic monitor (figure 10, 11). The fins 28 shield the jets flowing from the nozzles 5 from the surrounding fluid, i.e. reduce the resistance to movement of these jets, their attenuation and increase the range of movement and, therefore, increase the efficiency of soil transportation to the suction pharynx 2 and the productivity of the soil.

To eliminate stagnant zones in the tip 1 and reduce the resistance to soil absorption, the device can be equipped with a flow divider 29 (figure 10, 11, 12). The flow divider 29 divides the stream into two parts, flowing around the hydraulic monitor 4 in the tip 1 with the least hydraulic resistance, which increases the efficiency of absorption of the water-soil mixture and increases the productivity of soil sampling.

To increase the efficiency of soil sampling, the flow rate of the soil for loosening and forced hydrotransportation of the soil to the suction pharynx should be taken in the range (1-3) Q _g , where Q _g is the productivity on the ground. For light, loose soils, the fluid flow rate will be closer to the lower value; when developing gravelly soils, the flow rate will increase to the upper value. When developing quarries with cohesive soil layers, as well as thick layers, when there is a high probability of sudden collapse of slopes, the water flow should also be maintained near the upper value. In this case, in case of sudden collapses, the soil will be developed by jets from nozzles, eliminating tip blockage and increasing operational productivity.

Claims (17)

1. A suction device for an dredging projectile, including a tip with a suction pharynx, a water supply pipe and a hydraulic monitor for loosening the soil, characterized in that the hydraulic monitor is equipped with nozzles for transporting soil directed towards the tip. 2. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles for transporting the soil are made L-shaped. 3. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic monitor is made in the form of a nozzle with nozzles mounted on its end and on the side surface. 4. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic monitor is installed in the center of the suction pharynx of the tip. 5. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic monitor is installed above the suction mouth of the tip. 6. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a pulsator mounted on the water supply pipe. 7. The suction device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic monitor is made in the form of two nozzles with nozzles mounted on their ends and side surfaces. 8. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claims 6, 7, characterized in that the pulsator is made in the form of a flap valve installed at the junction of the nozzles with the water supply pipe with the possibility of rotation. 9. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claims 3, 7, characterized in that the nozzles at the ends of the nozzles for loosening the soil are installed at an angle of 0-90 ° to the axis of the hydraulic monitor. 10. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic monitor is mounted with the possibility of axial movement. 11. Soil intake device dredging projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip is equipped with a collector with nozzles for loosening the soil. 12. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 11, characterized in that the collector is installed under the suction mouth of the tip. 13. Dredging device dredger projectile according to item 12, wherein the nozzle is installed at an angle of 90-180 ° to the plane of the mouth of the tip. 14. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 12, characterized in that the collector is made in the form of a pipe with nozzles and is mounted with the possibility of rotation about its axis. 15. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 11, characterized in that the collector is made in the form of two nozzles mounted on the sides of the tip. 16. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip is provided with a screen. 17. The intake device of the dredger projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles for transporting soil are installed in the channels.