RU86330U1 - INTELLIGENT POWER SUPPLY - Google Patents

Abstract

1. An intelligent power source comprising an input filter, a voltage converter, an output filter, a microcontroller, an interface transceiver, an input positive bus, an output positive bus, a common negative bus, the voltage converter comprising three field-effect transistors, three field-effect transistor gate drivers, two diodes, while the three outputs of the universal input / output port of the microcontroller are connected to the corresponding gate drivers of the field-effect transistor, the output filter contains a diode, an accelerating capacitor, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, while the output of the current sensor is connected to the first input, and the output of the voltage sensor is connected to the second input of the analog-to-digital converter of the microcontroller, the UART port of the microcontroller is connected to the first terminals of the interface transceiver / transmitter, the second conclusions of which are connected to external devices (computer, power switch, control panel), the JTAG port of the microcontroller is connected to the JTAG interface of the workstation for setting up and debugging microcontroller programs, characterized in that the voltage converter contains an autotransformer, an additional gate driver of the field-effect transistor, an additional field-effect transistor, while the middle terminal of the autotransformer is connected to the input positive bus, the drains of the first and second field-effect transistor are connected to the corresponding extreme terminals of the autotransformer, and their sources are connected to a common negative bus, anodes diodes are connected to the internal terminals of the autotransformer, the cathodes of the diodes are connected to the drains of the third and additional field-effect transistor,

Description

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to direct current voltage converters (Direct Current) to DC voltage (DC / DC module), receiving input power in a wide range and in the presence of a pulse voltage amplitude of up to 1000 volts, and can be used for high-quality power supply for responsible consumers of various objects (mobile and stationary) for industrial and military purposes in accordance with the stringent requirements of GOST RV 20.39.309-98.

Known push-pull voltage converter (RF patent No. 2314627, Н02М 3/337, Н02М 7/519, Н02М 7/538, Н02М 7/122 dated July 12, 2006) containing a transformer with two primary windings, two controlled key elements, shunted by diodes reverse current, two protective diodes, two protective capacitors, two discharge windings of the transformer, two discharge diodes.

The known voltage converter uses a complex analog control circuit, which reduces the reliability and speed of voltage conversion, there is no input filter.

Known intelligent DC voltage Converter for dynamically changing load (RF patent No. 23224272, H02J 9/06 from 06/13/2006) containing several modules of two-channel conversion of DC voltage to DC voltage. The module contains two surge-voltage filters, two conversion channel inverters, four current sensors, two transformers, two conversion channel rectifiers, two conversion channel output filters, two mains power supply units, a power supply isolation circuit, a temperature sensor, a microcontroller, two blocks conversion channel power key drivers, analog-to-digital converter, voltage sensor, real-time clock of the module control system, non-volatile memory, bus adapter th exchange module management system. The pulse-switching surge filter contains an input voltage sensor, inductance, an output electrolytic capacitor, a voltage divider of two resistors, a comparator, a driver unit, a pulse-switching voltage suppression unit, consisting of an insulated gate bipolar transistor and a resistor connected in parallel.

The known voltage Converter does not allow to raise a reduced input voltage to the desired output voltage level. The surge switching filter interrupts the input voltage transmission in the presence of a pulse voltage of a certain duration.

The above disadvantages do not allow to produce high-quality power supply at the output of the voltage converter.

Known multi-mode power source (RF patent No. 24577, G06F 1/00, H02J 7/10, H02M 7/00 from 09/20/2001) - prototype.

The known power source contains an autonomous power source, made in the form of a battery, a stabilizer, a filter made on a smoothing capacitor, a voltage converter, consisting of three field-effect transistors, three diodes and a transformer, a current sensor, a network voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, a switching unit, a block for receiving input signals from external devices (computer, power switch, control panel), a microcontroller consisting of four measurement and comparison units, three impulse shapers lsov, a control port, the port communicating with external devices.

A known power source does not allow to raise a reduced input voltage to the desired output voltage level. The power supply is not protected against surge surges in the supply circuit.

The above disadvantages do not allow to produce high-quality power supply at the output of the power source.

The proposed smart power supply eliminates the above disadvantages.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the reliability of generating high-quality output power under harsh conditions for supplying input power (a wide range and the presence of an amplitude of the pulse voltage up to 1000 volts).

To achieve the technical result, an intelligent power source comprising an input filter, a voltage converter, an output filter, a microcontroller, an interface transceiver, an input positive bus, an output positive bus, a common negative bus, the voltage converter comprising three field-effect transistors, three field-effect transistor gate drivers , two diodes, while the three outputs of the universal input / output port of the microcontroller are connected to the corresponding gate driver field of the transistor, the output filter contains a diode, a smoothing capacitor, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, while the output of the current sensor is connected to the first input, and the output of the voltage sensor is connected to the second input of the analog-to-digital converter of the microcontroller, the UART port of the microcontroller is connected to the first terminals of the receiver / interface transmitter, the second pins of which are connected to external devices (computer, power switch, control panel), the JTAG port of the microcontroller is connected to the JTAG interface of the workstation for setting up and In the program of the microcontroller, an autotransformer, an additional field-effect transistor gate driver, an additional field-effect transistor are inserted into the voltage converter, the middle terminal of the autotransformer is connected to the input positive bus, the drains of the first and second field-effect transistor are connected to the corresponding extreme terminals of the autotransformer, and their sources are connected to a common negative bus, the anodes of the diodes are connected to the internal terminals of the autotransformer, the cathodes of the diodes are connected to the drains of the third and will complement field transistor, and the source of field effect transistors with a positive output bus, while the fourth output of the universal I / O port of the microcontroller is connected to an additional gate driver of the field effect transistor, the output filter contains an RC circuit, a diode, two smoothing chokes, a smoothing capacitor, two pass capacitors the plates of which are interconnected via a resistor, while the output positive bus is connected to a common negative bus via an RC chain, the cathode of the diode is connected to the output a positive bus and its anode with a common negative bus, the positive output bus is connected through the first smoothing inductor, the current sensor and the first feedthrough capacitor to the positive output of the power supply, and the common negative bus is connected through the second smoothing inductor and the second feedthrough capacitor with the negative output of the source power supply, the positive output of the smoothing capacitor is connected to the output of the first smoothing inductor, and its negative output is connected to the output of the second smoothing inductor, the output of the sensor The current is connected to the first input, and the negative terminal of the smoothing capacitor is connected to the second input of the voltage sensor, the output filter is enclosed in a shielding circuit, which includes two feedthrough capacitors and a resistor.

The input filter contains two LR circuits, a capacitor, a balancing transformer, two varistors, an RC circuit, an arrester, while the positive input of the power supply through the first LR circuit and the first winding of the balancing transformer is connected to the input positive bus, and the negative input of the power supply through the second LR circuit and the second winding of the balancing transformer - with a common negative bus, which through an RC chain and two series-connected varistors is connected to a common negative bus, the case input is regular enrollment supply through the gap is connected to the junction point between a varistor, an input filter circuit is enclosed in a shield.

In FIG. shows a block diagram of an intelligent power source.

In FIG. shown:

1 - voltage converter.

2 - input filter.

3 - output filter.

4 - microcontroller (microchip MSP430FG4616IPZ, F. Texas Instruments).

5 - transceiver of the serial interface (base chip MAX13487EESA, f. Maxim).

6 - input positive bus.

7 - output positive bus.

8 - common negative bus.

The voltage Converter 1 contains:

9, 10, 11, 12 - field-effect transistor gate drivers (MIC4452BM base microcircuits, Micrel f.).

13, 14, 15, 16 - field-effect transistors (Transistors IRFBA90N20D, f. International Rectifier).

17 - autotransformer (transformer PA0901NL, f. Pulse).

18, 19 - diodes (diodes SBR40U100CT, f. DIODES).

Input filter 2 contains:

20, 21 - LR circuits (chokes IHLP2525AHERR10M01, f. Vishay Dale, resistors P1-12-0.5-5.1 Ohm ± 5% - N ShKAB.434110.002TU).

22 - capacitor (capacitor B32652A7333J, f. Epcos).

23 - balancing transformer (transformer SM6296-154, f. API Delivan).

24, 25 - varistors (varistors SI0V-S20K40G5S5 f. Epcos).

26 - capacitor (capacitor K10-47Ma-500V-0.047 μF ± 20% - Н30 ОЖ0.460.174-MTU).

27 - resistor (resistor P1-12-0.5-5.1 Ohm ± 5% - N SCHAB. 434110.002TU).

28 - spark gap (gas discharge tube EC75X, f. Epcos). The output filter 3 contains:

29 - capacitor (capacitor K10-47Ma-500V-1000 pF ± 20% - Н30 ОЖ0. 460.174-MTU).

30 - resistor (resistor Pl-12-0.5-5.1 Ohm ± 5% - N ShKAB.434110.002TU).

31 - diode (diode SBR40U100CT, d. DIODES).

32, 33 - smoothing chokes (inductors PA0432LNL, f. Pulse).

34 - smoothing capacitor (capacitor K50-84-100V-1500 μF ± 20% AZhAR.673541.013TU).

35 - current sensor (chip ACS712ELCTR-30A-T, f. Allegro Micro Systems).

36 - voltage sensor - voltage divider of two resistors (resistors P1-16-0.062-47 kOhm ± 0.1% -0.5-G; P1-16-0.062-2.34 kOhm ± 0.1% -0, 5-G ALYAR. 434110.002TU).

37, 38 - feed-through capacitors (B23B-2-0.22 microfarad filters ± 10% -250V-25A-4-V OZh0.206.021 TU).

39 - resistor (resistor P1-12-0.5-5.1 Ohm ± 5% - N ShKAB.434110. 002TU).

The smart power supply contains the following conclusions:

40 - positive input.

41 - negative input.

42 - case entrance.

43 - a positive exit.

44 - negative output.

45 - technological inputs / outputs to the JTAG interface of the workplace.

46 - working inputs / outputs to external devices (computer, power switch, control panel).

The microcontroller 4 contains the following main nodes:

1) The universal I / O port is intended for issuing control signals to the drivers 9 ÷ 12 of the field effect transistor gate.

2) The JTAG port is connected to the JTAG interface for debugging the microcontroller (the work is organized in accordance with the requirements of the American standard IEEE1.149.1-1990).

3) The UART port is connected to the transceiver 5 of the serial interface (the operation is organized in accordance with the requirements of the American national standard ANSI / TIA / EIA-485-A-1998), which is intended for external control of the operation of an intelligent power source.

4) The processor CPU is designed to solve the problems of controlling the voltage converter 1.

5) The analog-to-digital converter of the ADC is designed to receive and digitize the information of analog sensors 35, 36 of current and voltage and transmission to the microcontroller.

6) Flash-memory is designed for non-volatile storage of work programs.

7) RAM RAM is designed to store variable information during the execution of the program intelligent power source.

Drivers 9-12 of the gate of the field effect transistor are designed to transmit a control signal from the universal input / output port of the microcontroller 4, galvanic isolation, amplifying the power of the control signal to the gate of the field effect transistor 13-16.

The voltage converter 1 is built on the basis of a bridge adjustable push-pull converter, in which the functions of converting electric energy and its regulation are combined using a control device (microcontroller 4) based on the principle of pulse-width or pulse-frequency modulation.

The functioning of an intelligent power source occurs in three main modes:

1. Control mode, direct voltage transmission.

2. Control mode, lowering the voltage.

3. Control mode, increasing voltage.

Upon receipt by the transceiver of the interface 5 to the working inputs / outputs 46 from outside the control action, whether it be a control toggle switch, a remote control or a signal from a computer, microcontroller 4 enters one of its functioning modes. The microcontroller 4 through the transceiver interface 5 responds to requests via the RS-485 protocol, transmits the values of the measured voltages and currents, information about emergency shutdowns, preventive diagnostics, receives on and off commands. Baud rate 115200 baud, the period between requests 10-100 ms.

When the smart power source is operating in the DC-DC converter mode, it provides the conversion of an input DC voltage of 17-50 V or more to an output DC voltage of 22-29 V. In this case, when the microcontroller receives 4 corresponding signals from the voltage sensor 36, the microcontroller 4 forms the corresponding outputs pulse sequences with controlled duty cycle, coming through drivers 9-12 to the gates of field effect transistors 13-16.

When the microcontroller 4 receives the corresponding signals from the current sensor 35, the microcontroller 4 prohibits the issuance of control signals to the gates of the field effect transistors 13-16 if the current parameters are outside the permissible limits, for example, caused by a short circuit on the load.

Information from the current sensor 35 and the voltage sensor 36 is fed to the corresponding inputs of the ADC converter, then to the processor of the microcontroller 4, in which it is compared with the value recorded in the program of the microcontroller 4.

In control mode, direct voltage transmission, i.e. input power range, corresponds to the required output power range, an intelligent power source operates as follows:

field-effect transistors 13 and 16 are constantly turned off, 14 and 15 are constantly turned on, thereby providing a direct translation of the input voltage (without conversion) from the input positive bus 6 through counter-parallel connected windings of the autotransformer 17, connected in parallel through field-effect transistors 14 and 15, diodes 18 and 19 to the output positive bus 7. This achieves the maximum efficiency (efficiency) of the power source, because no voltage conversion losses.

In control mode, lowering the voltage, i.e. the maximum value of the input power is higher than the maximum value of the required output power, the intelligent power source operates as follows:

according to the algorithm implemented in the microcontroller 4, field-effect transistors 13, 14 are switched on synchronously-in pairs for the duration of the transmission of the low-voltage pulse, in accordance with the transformation coefficient of the autotransformer 17, and then, after a period of time necessary to complete the transient processes in the circuit elements, field transistors 15, 16, thus providing energy transfer from the input positive bus 6 through the autotransformer, with lowering the voltage, to the output bus 7. In addition, lowering the output voltage It is also possible by increasing the time interval between the voltage pulses created by the inclusion of synchronous-pair field-effect transistors 13, 14 and 15, 16.

In control mode, increasing voltage, i.e. the minimum input power value is lower than the minimum value of the required output power, the intelligent power source operates as follows:

according to the algorithm implemented in the microcontroller 4, the field effect transistors 14 and 15 are constantly turned on, and the field effect transistors 13 and 16 synchronously-alternately through the time interval necessary to complete the transient processes in the circuit elements, modulate the autotransformer 17. The voltage increased by the autotransformer 17 is supplied respectively through the diodes 19, 18 and through permanently connected field-effect transistors 15 and 14 to the output positive bus 7, thus providing an increase in the output voltage. In addition, by increasing the time interval between the voltage pulses created by the inclusion of field-effect transistors 13 and 16, it is possible to reduce the increase in the output voltage.

If there is an amplitude of the pulse voltage up to 1000 V in the input power, the interference energy is dissipated on the elements of the input filter 2: part of the energy is on the LR circuits 20, 21 and the balancing transformer 23 (amplitude of positive or negative polarity); the rest of the interference energy is dissipated on the varistors 24, 25 and on the spark gap 28.

The elements of the output filter 3 smooth out the pulse voltage that occurs when switching field-effect transistors 13-16.

It is possible to combine the output voltages of several intelligent power sources to power common sensors and common modules without using external diodes.

One of the advantages of this intelligent power source through the use of a microcontroller is the ability to correct and modify the program and initial data, as well as output information to a computer to monitor the operation of the power source. In addition, it provides communication with a computer (or other information input device, such as, for example, a programmer) for entering initial data into memory.

Claims (2)

1. An intelligent power source comprising an input filter, a voltage converter, an output filter, a microcontroller, an interface transceiver, an input positive bus, an output positive bus, a common negative bus, the voltage converter comprising three field-effect transistors, three field-effect transistor gate drivers, two diodes, while the three outputs of the universal input / output port of the microcontroller are connected to the corresponding gate drivers of the field-effect transistor, the output filter contains a diode, an accelerating capacitor, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, while the output of the current sensor is connected to the first input, and the output of the voltage sensor is connected to the second input of the analog-to-digital converter of the microcontroller, the UART port of the microcontroller is connected to the first terminals of the interface transceiver / transmitter, the second conclusions of which are connected to external devices (computer, power switch, control panel), the JTAG port of the microcontroller is connected to the JTAG interface of the workstation for setting up and debugging microcontroller programs, characterized in that the voltage converter contains an autotransformer, an additional gate driver of the field-effect transistor, an additional field-effect transistor, while the middle terminal of the autotransformer is connected to the input positive bus, the drains of the first and second field-effect transistor are connected to the corresponding extreme terminals of the autotransformer, and their sources are connected to a common negative bus, anodes diodes are connected to the internal terminals of the autotransformer, the cathodes of the diodes are connected to the drains of the third and additional field-effect transistor, and the sources of field-effect transistors have a positive output bus, while the fourth output of the universal I / O port of the microcontroller is connected to an additional gate driver of the field-effect transistor, the output filter contains an RC circuit, a diode, two smoothing chokes, a smoothing capacitor, two passage capacitors, the plates of which are connected between each other through a resistor, while the output positive bus is connected to the common negative bus via an RC chain, the cathode of the diode is connected to the output positive bus, and its ano - with a common negative bus, the output positive bus is connected through the first smoothing inductor, the current sensor and the first feedthrough capacitor with a positive output of the power supply, and the common negative bus is connected through the second smoothing inductor and the second feedthrough capacitor with a negative output of the power supply, positive output of the smoothing capacitor connected to the output of the first smoothing inductor, and its negative output to the output of the second smoothing inductor, the output of the current sensor is connected to the first input ohm, and the negative terminal of the smoothing capacitor - a second sensor input voltage, an output filter is enclosed in a shielding circuit, which includes two feedthrough capacitor and a resistor. 2. The smart power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the input filter contains two LR circuits, a capacitor, a balancing transformer, two varistors, an RC circuit, a spark gap, while the positive input of the power supply through the first LR circuit and the first winding of the balancing transformer is connected with the input positive bus, and the negative input of the power supply through the second LR circuit and the second winding of the balancing transformer - with a common negative bus, which is through an RC circuit and two series-connected VA stories connected to the common negative line, the body power source input through the arrester is connected to the varistor point interconnect, the input filter circuit is enclosed in a shield.