RU112540U1 - INTELLIGENT POWER SUPPLY - Google Patents

Abstract

An intelligent power supply containing an input filter, a voltage converter, an output filter, a microcontroller, an interface transceiver, an input positive bus, an output positive bus, and the voltage converter contains four field-effect transistors, four gate drivers of a field-effect transistor, with four outputs of the universal I / O port of the microcontroller are connected to the corresponding gate drivers of the field-effect transistor, the output filter contains a serial RC circuit, three smoothing chokes, two smoothing capacitors, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, two through-line capacitors, the plates of which are connected by a resistor, while the first output of the current sensor is connected to the first input, and the output of the voltage sensor - with the second input of the analog-to-digital converter of the microcontroller, the second output of the current sensor is connected to the first input of the voltage sensor and through the first pass-through capacitor - to the positive output of the power supply, the output filter is enclosed in a shielding circuit, which includes two feed-through capacitors and a resistor, the UART port of the microcontroller is connected to the first pins of the interface transceiver, the second pins of which are connected to external devices (computer, power switch, control panel), the JTAG port of the microcontroller is connected to the JTAG interface a workplace for setting and debugging microcontroller programs, the input filter contains two chokes, a balancing transformer, two varistors, characterized in that the input filter additionally contains a choke and a varistor, while the phase "A" of the source �

Description

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to converters of AC voltage (Analog Current) to DC voltage (AC / DC module), receiving input power in a wide range and in the presence of microsecond pulsed interference with an amplitude of up to 1000 V according to GOST R 51317.4 .5-99, and can be used for high-quality power supply for responsible consumers of various objects (mobile and stationary) for industrial and military purposes in accordance with stringent requirements according to GOST RV 20.39.309-98.

A push-pull voltage converter is known (RF patent No. 2314627, Н02М 3/337, Н02М 7/519, Н02М 7/538, Н02М 7/122 dated July 12, 2006) containing a transformer with two primary windings, two controlled key elements, shunted reverse current diodes, two protective diodes, two protective capacitors, two discharge windings of the transformer, two discharge diodes.

The known voltage converter uses a complex analog control circuit, which reduces the reliability and speed of voltage conversion, there is no input filter.

Known intelligent DC voltage Converter for dynamically changing load (RF patent No. 23234272, H02J 9/06 from 06/13/2006), containing several modules for the two-channel conversion of DC voltage to DC voltage. The module contains two surge-voltage filters, two conversion channel inverters, four current sensors, two transformers, two conversion channel rectifiers, two conversion channel output filters, two mains power supply units, a power supply isolation circuit, a temperature sensor, a microcontroller, two blocks conversion channel power key drivers, analog-to-digital converter, voltage sensor, real-time clock of the module control system, non-volatile memory, bus adapter th exchange module management system. The pulse-switching surge filter contains an input voltage sensor, inductance, an output electrolytic capacitor, a voltage divider of two resistors, a comparator, a driver unit, a pulse-switching voltage suppression unit, consisting of an insulated gate bipolar transistor and a resistor connected in parallel.

In the known voltage converter, the pulse-switching surge filter interrupts the transmission of the input voltage in the presence of a pulse voltage of a certain duration.

The specified disadvantage does not allow to produce high-quality power supply at the output of the voltage converter.

Known multi-mode power source (RF patent No. 24577, G06F 1/00, H02J 7/10, H02M 7/00 from 09/20/2001), containing an autonomous power source made in the form of a battery, a stabilizer, a filter made on a smoothing a capacitor, a voltage converter, consisting of three field-effect transistors, three diodes and a transformer, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, a switching unit, a unit for receiving input signals from external devices (computer, power switch, control panel), a microcontroller, consisting of h tyreh measurement and comparison blocks of the three pulse generators, the control port, the port communicating with external devices.

Known multi-mode power supply is not protected from surge surges in the supply circuit. The specified disadvantage does not allow to produce high-quality power supply at the output of the power source.

Known intelligent power source (RF patent No. 866330, G06F 1/00 dated 08/27/2009), containing a voltage converter consisting of four field-effect transistors, four gate drivers of the field-effect transistor, two diodes, an autotransformer, an input filter, consisting of two LR -contours, a capacitor, a balancing transformer, two varistors, an RC circuit, a spark gap, an output filter consisting of an RC circuit, a diode, two smoothing reactors, a smoothing capacitor, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, two passage capacitors, resistor, microcontroller, interface transceiver, input positive bus, output positive bus, common negative bus.

The well-known intelligent power source has a power loss on the diodes of the voltage converter of the order of 3%, due to which the heat source is heated and, accordingly, its efficiency is reduced. The quality of the output power supply of a known intelligent power source due to the use of a polar smoothing capacitor in the output filter deteriorates over time, and, accordingly, the life of the smart power source decreases.

Known intelligent power source (RF patent No. 92210, G06F 1/00 of 02/02/2009) - the prototype.

A well-known intelligent power source contains a voltage converter consisting of six field-effect transistors, four gate drivers of a field-effect transistor and an autotransformer, an output filter consisting of two LR circuits, a capacitor, a balancing transformer, two varistors, an RC circuit and a spark gap, an output filter consisting from an RC circuit, a diode, three smoothing reactors, two smoothing capacitors, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, two feedthrough capacitors and a resistor, a microcontroller, a receiver Serial sensor, the positive input bus, the output positive bus, a common negative bus.

In a known smart power source, there is no electrical isolation between the input and output circuits.

The technical result of the utility model is to provide electrical insulation between input and output circuits.

To achieve the technical result, an intelligent power supply comprising an input filter, a voltage converter, an output filter, a microcontroller, an interface transceiver, a positive input bus, an output positive bus, the voltage converter comprising four field-effect transistors, four field-effect transistor gate drivers, with four the output ports of the universal inputs / outputs of the microcontroller are connected to the corresponding gate drivers of the field-effect transistor, the output the filter contains a serial RC circuit, three smoothing chokes, two smoothing capacitors, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, two feed-through capacitors, the plates of which are connected using a resistor, while the first output of the current sensor is connected to the first input, and the output of the voltage sensor to the second the input of the analog-to-digital converter of the microcontroller, the second output of the current sensor is connected to the first input of the voltage sensor and through the first passage capacitor to the positive output of the power source, the output filter It is connected to the shielding circuit, which includes two feedthrough capacitors and a resistor, the microcontroller UART port is connected to the first terminals of the interface transceiver, the second terminals of which are connected to external devices (computer, power switch, control panel), the microcontroller JTAG port is connected to the workstation JTAG interface for tuning and debugging microcontroller programs, the input filter contains two chokes, a balancing transformer, two varistors, additional chokes and variators are introduced into the input filter side, while the phase "A" of the power source through the first inductor and the first winding of the balancing transformer is connected to the first and second varistors, the phase "B" of the power supply through the second inductor and the second winding of the balancing transformer is connected to the second and third varistors, phase "C" the power source through the third inductor and the third winding of the balancing transformer is connected to the first and third varistors, the outputs of the input filter are connected to additional primary windings of the power transformers, connected star, and the inputs of a three-phase rectifier, which includes six diodes and a capacitor, one of the outputs of the rectifier is connected to the input positive bus, and the other to the input negative bus, an additional parallel RL-circuit, the primary winding of the transformer in the voltage converter , two consecutive RC circuits and a varistor, while the drains of the first and second field-effect transistors are connected to the input positive bus, the source of the first field-effect transistor is connected to a parallel RL circuit and the drain of the third field of the first transistor, the source of the second field-effect transistor is connected to the second terminal of the primary winding of the transformer, a serial RC circuit, and the drain of the fourth field-effect transistor, the first terminal of the primary winding of the transformer is connected to a parallel RL-circuit and serial RC-circuit, the sources of the third and fourth field-effect transistors are connected with the input negative bus, the input positive bus is connected to the input negative bus through a second serial RC circuit and a varistor, in the output filter - additional secondary transformer winding, two field effect transistors, two gate drivers of the field effect transistor, two diodes, a serial RC circuit and a varistor, while the secondary winding of the transformer is shunted by the first serial RC circuit, the first output of the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the first smoothing choke, the drain of the second field transistor and the cathode of the second diode, the second terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the second smoothing inductor, the drain of the first field-effect transistor and the cathode of the first diode, and then the connection junction of the first and second smoothing inductor and the first smoothing capacitor through the third smoothing inductor is connected to the input of the current sensor, the output positive bus is connected to the output negative bus through the serial RC circuit, the second smoothing capacitor and varistor, while the sources of the first and second field effect transistors, the anodes of the first and second diodes are connected to the output negative bus, two outputs of the port of universal inputs / outputs of the microcontroller are connected to the first and second drivers field transistor, the secondary windings of power transformers are connected to additional single-phase rectifiers, each consisting of four diodes, the outputs of single-phase rectifiers are connected to the third, fourth and fifth inputs of the analog-to-digital converter of the microcontroller, and through the diode isolation with the secondary power supply of the microcontroller, the output of which is connected with the power input of the microcontroller.

The figure shows a block diagram of an intelligent power source.

The figure shows:

1 - input filter;

2 - three-phase rectifier;

3 - voltage converter;

4 - rectifier and output filter;

5 - microcontroller (microchip MSP430F5437IPN, F. Texas Instruments);

6 - transceiver serial interface (base chip MAX13488EESA +, f. Maxim);

7 - secondary power supply of the microcontroller (VIL MK);

8 - input positive bus;

9 - input negative bus;

10 - output positive bus;

11 - output negative bus;

15.1-17.1 - primary windings of power transformers (6022-016 f. API Delevan);

The input filter 1 contains:

12 - input smoothing chokes (chokes B82472-G4102-M f. Epcos);

13 - balancing transformer (transformer T60405-S6123-X106 f. Vacuumschmeize);

14 - varistors (varistors V660LA100B f. Littelfuse);

Rectifier 3 consists of six diodes (diodes DSP 25-16AT f. IXYS) and a capacitor (capacitor 205PRA122K f. Illinois Capacitor).

The voltage Converter 3 contains:

18-21 - field-effect transistor gate drivers (MIC4452BM base microcircuit, Micrel f.);

22-25 - field-effect transistors (transistors IXFB30N120P f. IXYS);

26 - throttle (throttle IHLP2525CZERR10M01 f. Vishay Dale);

27 - resistor (resistor PI-12-1-100 Ohm ± 5% -N SHKAB.434110.002TU);

28.1 - primary winding of the transformer (SHYUGI.671121.262 transformer);

29 - capacitor (capacitor 1206GC221KAT1A f. AVX);

30 - resistor (resistor R1-12-2-100 Ohm ± 5% -H ShKAB.434110.002TU);

31 - capacitor (capacitor 2220SC103MAT1A f. AVX);

32 - resistor (resistor P1-12-0.5-10 Ohm ± 5% -H ShKAB.434110.002TU);

33 - varistor (varistor V660LA100B f. Littelfuse);

The rectifier and output filter 4 contains:

28.2 - secondary winding of the transformer (SHYUGI.671121.262 transformer);

34, 35 — field-effect transistor gate drivers (MIC4452BM base microcircuits, Micrel f.);

36, 37 - field-effect transistors (transistors APT50M50L2FLL f. Advanced Power Technology);

38, 39 - diodes (diodes PDU540-13 f. Diodes);

40 - capacitor (capacitor 1206GC221KAT1A f. AVX);

41 - resistor (resistor P1-12-2-1000 Ohm ± 5% -H ShKAB.434110.002TU);

42-44 - smoothing chokes (PM2110-101K-RC choke f. Bourns);

45 - smoothing capacitor (capacitor B32564J6475K000 f. Epcos);

46 - smoothing capacitor (capacitor ST205C476MAJ05 f. AVX);

47 - capacitor (capacitor K10-47Ma-100V-0.047 μF ± 20% -N30 ОЖ0.460.174-MTU);

48 - resistor (resistor P1-12-0.5-5.1 Ohm ± 5% -H ShKAB.434110.002TU);

49 - current sensor (chip ACS712ELCTR-30A-T, f. Allegro MicroSystems);

50 - voltage sensor - voltage divider of three resistors (resistors P1-16-0.062-47 kOhm ± 0.1% -0.5-G; P1-16P-0.062-2 kOhm ± 0.1% -0.5- G ALYAR.434110.002TU);

51 - varistor (varistor SIOV-S20K40G5S5 f. EPCOS);

52, 53 - feed-through capacitors (B23B-2-0.22 microfarad filters ± 10% -250V-25A-4-V ОЖ0.206.021ТУ);

54 - resistor (resistor P1-12-0.5-5.1 Ohm ± 5% -H ShKAB.434110.002TU).

The microcontroller 5 contains the following main nodes:

1) The port of universal inputs / outputs is intended for issuing control signals to the drivers 18-21.34.35 of the field effect transistor gate.

2) The JTAG port is connected to the JTAG interface for debugging the microcontroller (the work is organized in accordance with the requirements of the American standard IEEE 1.149.1-1990).

3) The UART port is connected to the transceiver of the serial interface 6 (the work is organized in accordance with the requirements of the American national standard ANSI / TIA / EIA-485-A-1998), which is intended for external control of the operation of an intelligent power source.

4) The CPU is designed to generate control signals of the voltage converter 3 and the output synchronous rectifier based on the algorithms implemented in the work program.

5) The analog-to-digital converter of the ADC is designed to receive and digitize information from analogue current sensors 49 and voltage 50, phase voltage.

6) Flash-memory is designed for non-volatile storage of work programs.

7) RAM RAM is designed to store variable information during the execution of the program intelligent power source.

The voltage of the secondary power source of the microcontroller 5 is formed using the following blocks:

15-17 - secondary windings of power transformers (6022-016 f. API Delevan);

55 - single-phase rectifiers made on diodes (diodes MBRS190T3 f. ON Semiconductor);

56 - diode isolation (diodes MBRS190T3 f. ON Semiconductor);

In addition, the smart power supply contains the following conclusions:

57 - technological inputs / outputs to the JTAG interface of the workplace;

58 - working inputs / outputs to external devices (computer, power switch, control panel);

59 - input phase "A";

60 - input phase "B";

61 - input phase "C";

62 - a positive exit;

63 - negative output;

The gate driver of the field effect transistor 18-21, 34, 35 is designed to transmit a control signal from the universal input / output port of the microcontroller 5 to the gate of the field effect transistors 22-25, 36, 37, galvanic isolation, amplify the power of the control signal and ensure the speed of operation of switching elements.

The intelligent power source operates in a voltage reduction mode with pulse-width or pulse-frequency modulation of the input voltage.

The AC voltage in the range from 130 to 600 V is supplied to the inputs of phases “A” 59, “B” 60, “C” 61 of the power source. The energy of microsecond pulsed interference with an amplitude of up to 1000 V present in the input voltage is dissipated by the elements input filter 1: part of the energy is at the input smoothing chokes 12 and the balancing transformer 13 (amplitude of positive or negative polarity); the remainder of the interference energy is dissipated by the varistors 14.

The input voltage through the smoothing chokes 12 and the balancing transformer 13 is supplied to the primary windings of the power transformers 15.1-17.1 connected by a "star" and to the inputs of the rectifier 2. The voltage of the secondary windings of the power transformers 15.2-17.2 through the single-phase full-bridge diode rectifiers 55 is supplied to the third, fourth and the fifth ADC channels and to the anodes of the diodes 56, acting as a diode isolation. The voltage at the output of the diode isolation 56 is supplied to the input of the VIN MK 7, which forms the required supply voltage of the microcontroller 5.

The voltage at the outputs of the rectifier 2 is connected to the input positive bus 8 and the input negative bus 9, which are inputs of the voltage Converter 3.

The voltage converter 3 is built on the basis of an adjustable full-bridge circuit made on field effect transistors 22-25, in which the functions of modulating and regulating the input voltage are combined by means of a control device (microcontroller 5) based on the principle of pulse-width or pulse-frequency modulation.

The switching elements 22 and 25, 23 and 24 are switched on in pairs synchronously. The formation of the duration and pause of the voltage pulse is provided by alternately switching on the switching elements 22 and 25, 23 and 24. The control program of the intelligent power supply provides protection against the passage of through currents. Elements of a parallel RL circuit made by inductor 26 and resistor 27, and a serial RC circuit made by capacitor 29 and resistor 30, provide an increase in the duration of the edges of the voltage pulse in order to reduce the level of switching interference created by the voltage converter 3. Through the primary winding of the transformer 28.1 occurs transmission of a voltage pulse from the voltage converter 3 to the output filter 4.

Based on the signals of the voltage sensor 50, the microcontroller 5 at the respective outputs generates pulse sequences with a controlled pulse duration or period that pass through the gate control drivers of the field effect transistor 18-21, 34, 35 to the gates of the field effect transistors 22-25, 36, 37.

When exceeding the specified signal level of the current sensor 49, the microcontroller 5 prohibits the issuance of control signals to the gates of the field effect transistors 22-25, 36, 37 if the current parameters are outside the permissible limits, for example, caused by a short circuit on the load.

Information from the current sensor 49 and the voltage sensor 50 is fed to the corresponding inputs of the ADC converter, then to the processor of the microcontroller 5, in which it is compared with the value recorded in the program of the microcontroller 5.

The voltage of the secondary winding of the transformer 28.2 is supplied to a synchronous rectifier, based on field-effect transistors 36, 37, controlled by the gate driver of the field-effect transistors 34, 35, which increases the speed of the power source and can increase the efficiency compared to a rectifier based on diodes. The remaining elements of the output filter 4 smooth out the ripple voltage and current that occur during regulation.

The microcontroller 5 through the transceiver interface 6 responds to requests via the RS-485 protocol, transmits the values of the measured voltages and currents, information about emergency shutdowns, preventive diagnostics, receives commands on and off. Baud rate 115200 baud, the period between requests 10 - 100 ms.

An additional advantage of this intelligent power supply compared to power supplies without a microcontroller is the ability to programmatically control and regulate the operation of the power source, output information to a computer to monitor the operation of the power source. In addition, the smart power supply provides communication with a computer (or other information input device, such as, for example, a programmer) for inputting initial data into the memory.

Claims (1)

An intelligent power supply comprising an input filter, a voltage converter, an output filter, a microcontroller, an interface transceiver, an input positive bus, an output positive bus, the voltage converter comprising four field-effect transistors, four field-effect transistor gate drivers, and four universal input / output port outputs the microcontroller is connected to the corresponding gate driver of the field effect transistor, the output filter contains a serial RC circuit, three smoothing chokes, two smoothing capacitors, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, two feed-through capacitors, the plates of which are connected using a resistor, while the first output of the current sensor is connected to the first input, and the output of the voltage sensor to the second input of the analog-to-digital converter of the microcontroller, the second the output of the current sensor is connected to the first input of the voltage sensor and through the first feedthrough capacitor to the positive output of the power source, the output filter is enclosed in a shielding circuit, in which two pass the capacitor and resistor, the UART port of the microcontroller is connected to the first terminals of the transceiver interface, the second terminals of which are connected to external devices (computer, power switch, control panel), the JTAG port of the microcontroller is connected to the JTAG interface of the workstation to configure and debug the microcontroller programs, the input filter contains two chokes, a balancing transformer, two varistors, characterized in that the input filter additionally contains a choke and a varistor, while the phase "A" of the source supply through the first inductor and the first winding of the balancing transformer is connected to the first and second varistors, the phase "B" of the power supply through the second inductor and the second winding of the balancing transformer is connected to the second and third varistors, the phase "C" of the power supply through the third inductor and the third winding the transformer is connected to the first and third varistors, the outputs of the input filter are connected to additional primary windings of the power transformers connected by a "star", and the inputs of three phases one rectifier, which includes six diodes and a capacitor, one of the outputs of the rectifier is connected to the input positive bus, and the other to the input negative bus, the voltage converter additionally contains a parallel RL-circuit, the primary winding of the transformer, two serial RC-circuits and a varistor wherein the drains of the first and second field-effect transistors are connected to the input positive bus, the source of the first field-effect transistor is connected to a parallel RL circuit and the drain of the third field-effect transistor, the source is second field transistor connected to the second terminal of the transformer primary winding, a serial RC circuit, and the drain of the fourth field-effect transistor, the first terminal of the transformer primary winding connected to a parallel RL circuit and a serial RC circuit, the sources of the third and fourth field-effect transistors are connected to the input negative bus , the input positive bus is connected to the input negative bus through a second serial RC circuit and a varistor, the output filter further comprises a secondary transformer ora, two field-effect transistors, two gate drivers of the field-effect transistor, two diodes, a serial RC circuit and a varistor, while the secondary winding of the transformer is shunted by the first serial RC circuit, the first output of the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the first smoothing choke, the drain of the second field-effect transistor and the cathode of the second diode, the second terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the second smoothing reactor, the drain of the first field-effect transistor and the cathode of the first diode, and the connection point is the first o and the second smoothing inductor and the first smoothing capacitor through the third smoothing inductor is connected to the input of the current sensor, the output positive bus is connected to the output negative bus through a serial RC circuit, the second smoothing capacitor and varistor, while the sources of the first and second field-effect transistors, the anodes of the first and the second diodes are connected to the negative output bus, two outputs of the universal input / output port of the microcontroller are connected to the first and second field shutter gate drivers the resistors, the secondary windings of the power transformers are connected to additional single-phase rectifiers, each consisting of four diodes, the outputs of the single-phase rectifiers are connected to the third, fourth and fifth inputs of the analog-to-digital converter of the microcontroller, and through the diode isolation with the secondary power supply of the microcontroller, the output of which is connected to the input microcontroller power supply.