RU83827U1 - FURNACE FOR BURNING SOLID AND LIQUID MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A furnace for burning solid and liquid materials, containing lined with a refractory coating, vertically mounted and connected by a central opening of the intermediate arch, a combustion chamber equipped with a feed hopper and a grate above the ash collector, and a combustion products afterburner connected to the distributed oxidizing air supply system, moreover, the afterburning chamber by means of a normally located pipeline is connected to a parallel-mounted scrubber, at the output of which a device f is mounted exhaust aerosol filtering, characterized in that the arch with a central hole between the combustion and afterburning chambers of the pyrolysis products is made in the form of a rectangular bore combined with a nozzle, at the outlet of which there are air supply channels directed into the afterburner at an angle of 25-35 ° to the longitudinal axis while oxidizing air is distributed in the following mass ratio: a quarter under the grate, half in the nozzle between the chambers, in each of which the remainder is equally divided. ! 2. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutter is pivotally mounted on the outlet pipe through a lever connected to the rotation drive, the loading hopper is combined with a screw feeder located under the rotary grinder of solid material in communication with the exhaust fan, and an exhaust aerosol filtering device represents two parallel streams connected through gate valves with an injection fan, in each of which a cascade of interchangeable cartridges of gas-permeable material is mounted. ! 3. The furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the scrubber has a central shape

Description

The proposed utility model relates to devices for the processing of solid and liquid materials by the fire method and can be used in vertical furnaces with a separate combustion chamber for burning medical, industrial and household waste.

The level of this technical field is characterized by devices for burning lumpy organic fuel, including a combustion chamber connected to each other, connected to a feed hopper, and a chamber for burning gaseous pyrolysis products, communicating with an exhaust pipe with an exhaust pump, while both chambers contain distributed channels for supplying excess air, which provides afterburning to the final oxidation products, as well as a recovery chamber and a collection of removable ash (see, for example, patents RU 2182685, F23G 5/14, 2002 and 559 37, F23G 7 / 00.2006).

These compact production furnaces are characterized by a complex structural device and technological maintenance during the combustion of fuel mixtures of various composition and fractionation.

In addition, in the outlet channels and receiver of the described devices, it is possible to recombine dioxins and furans that are not neutralized, which, in the absence of exhaust gas filtering devices, determines the emission of harmful and toxic substances: metal vapors, dioxins, chlorides, furans, polyaromatic hydrocarbons - fall into the atmosphere.

The noted drawbacks are eliminated in the installation for the thermal processing of solid waste according to patent RU 2137044, F23G 5/14, 1999, which is selected as the closest analogue of the proposed furnace due to the technical nature and the number of matching essential features.

The known installation comprises a combustion chamber with a hopper for loading waste and an outlet for removing ash residue, an afterburner with a gas duct for exhaust gases, a scrubber and a gas filtration unit with a dust storage hopper.

A feature of the known furnace is that the combustion chamber is in communication with the chamber for burning the aerosol products of combustion vertically above it and coaxially with it through an opening in the separation vault, and the gas duct placed perpendicular to the wall of the afterburning chamber is made in the form of a slit heat exchanger of the tube-in-pipe type.

One end of the inner pipe of the recuperator freely enters the afterburner in its upper part, and the other end of the inner pipe communicates with the chamber for neutralizing harmful and toxic components of the exhaust aerosol.

Placement of the afterburning chamber for incomplete combustion products (carbon dust, carbon monoxide, hydrogen) carried with gas from the coaxial downstream

combustion chamber, provides optimal conditions for afterburning, since they are connected by the Central hole of the intermediate hearth, the bore of which is much smaller than the diameter of the afterburner. In this case, the gas velocity decreases and the products of incomplete combustion with excess oxidizing air are burned to carbon dioxide and water vapor.

In the neutralization chamber, an aerosol at a temperature of 1000-1050 ° C is treated with an alkaline solution injected through a nozzle, while the acidic components are converted into harmless sodium salts.

At the same time, the gas cooled to a temperature of 950-1000 ° C, which is optimal for the reduction of nitrogen oxides, interacts with a urea solution injected through an additional nozzle.

The output of the neutralization chamber is connected to the input of the scrubber, which is placed in such a way that its vertical axis is parallel to the vertical axis of the furnace.

The gas purified in the recuperator from harmful and toxic impurities at a temperature of 850-900 ° C enters the scrubber, where it is rapidly cooled by evaporation of the sprayed water to a temperature of 200-250 ° C, which prevents the recombination of dioxins and furans.

In the cyclone, gas is filtered by centrifugal separation of dust, which is collected in a storage hopper for subsequent disposal in a melting furnace, together with the ash residue from the armrest space of the furnace combustion chamber, and clean gas is discharged through the chimney.

However, the described installation has the following disadvantages.

The thermodynamic process of two-chamber combustion of solid and liquid materials is not optimized for the residual content of harmful and toxic substances in the exhaust aerosol, which led to the use of an additional neutralization chamber with sequential injection nozzles of various chemical reagents in the slit recuperator, complicating the design of the furnace and the technology for treating furnace gases.

For efficient burning of materials and afterburning of combustion products in the furnace chambers, nozzles of additional fuel dispersed in the volume of thermochemical reactions are used, which increases the efficiency and speed of more complete oxidation. However, this requires additional design improvements and technological measures that increase the cost of work.

In addition, from practical experience it was found that the use of a cyclone in a known device is impractical due to the low efficiency in the filtered mass of dust, the content of which in the exhaust gases after the scrubber is relatively low. At the same time, the occupied production area and the capital costs of manufacturing the installation increase.

The task to which the present utility model is directed is to simplify the design of the device while increasing its functional

reliability with guaranteed achievement of specified performance indicators.

The required technical result is achieved in that in a known furnace for burning solid and liquid materials containing lined with a refractory coating, vertically mounted and connected by a central hole of the intermediate arch, a combustion chamber equipped with a loading hopper and a grate above the ash collector, and a combustion products afterburner communicating with a distributed oxidizing air supply system, wherein the afterburning chamber is connected to a parallel installation by means of a normally located pipeline According to the authors' suggestion, the arch with a central hole between the combustion and afterburning chambers of combustion products is made in the form of a rectangular hog combined with a nozzle at the outlet of which there are air supply channels directed to the afterburner under angle 25-35 ° to the longitudinal axis, while the oxidizing air is distributed in the following mass ratio: a quarter under the grate, half in the nozzle between the chambers, in each of which the remainder equally, a shutter is pivotally mounted on the outlet pipe, through a lever connected to the rotation drive, the loading hopper is combined with a screw feeder located under the rotary grinder of solid material in communication with the exhaust fan, and the exhaust aerosol filtering device consists of two connected through the gate valves with a discharge fan parallel streams, in each of which a cascade of interchangeable cartridges of gas-permeable material is mounted, the scrubber having a central nozzle ku, the supply tank of which is installed on its discharge pipe.

Distinctive features provided high-performance autothermal combustion of a variety of solid and liquid materials with almost complete oxidation of the combustion products and continuous stepwise filtering of exhaust gases in a compact installation of a two-chamber furnace, safe and environmentally friendly in operation.

The implementation of the arch with a central hole between the chambers of combustion and afterburning of the combustion products in the form of a rectangular hog is aimed at increasing the residence time of the combustion products in the combustion chamber in structurally formed stagnant zones where gas flows are turbulized and the combustion process is activated due to a local increase in the outlet temperature.

The combination of the central communication hole of the furnace chambers in the form of a nozzle, at the outlet of which there are channels for supplying oxidizing air, increases the dynamics of the flow of aerosol products of combustion, organizing their supply for afterburning with diluted secondary oxidizing air.

The slope of the inlet ducts of the oxidizing air into the nozzle between the chambers forms the central flow into the afterburner and the discharge

beneath it, thereby ensuring the injection of aerosol combustion products from the combustion chamber, which are actively mixed with the injected air, which contributes to the complete oxidation of the combustion products: carbon dust, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, etc.

Performing an angle of inclination of the air supply channels into the nozzle of less than 25 ° to the longitudinal axis does not form a stable central flow, which ensures an active intake of combustion products from the combustion chamber.

When this angle is greater than 35 °, the aerodynamic resistance increases for the free flow of combustion products in the combustion chamber, which is locked, which leads to a violation of the thermodynamic process and an increase in pressure above the critical value, which is not safe.

The distribution of the oxidizing air supply over the furnace height, which ensured the autothermal combustion process, was calculated according to the mathematical model of the experimental design in the regime of maximum afterburning of the combustion products at optimal temperatures in characteristic sections of the combustion and afterburning chambers.

The installation of a hinged damper on the furnace outlet pipe increases operational safety, since it acts as an emergency valve.

The connection of the safety shutter of the outlet pipeline through the lever with the drive of its rotation allows, as necessary, to throttle the volume of the furnace, as well as open it during ignition to create natural traction.

The combination of the loading hopper with the screw feeder provides a continuous supply of material for combustion, and a gas barrier to the combustion chamber is formed, which is formed by a tube of compressed bulk material having a high aerodynamic resistance. In this case, the ascending gas flows, including harmful, aromatic and toxic components, are captured and localized by means of a built-in exhaust fan, from which they, mixed with air, are sent to the furnace.

The location of the screw feeder under the rotary grinder allows you to expand the technological capabilities of the furnace for the processing of bulky materials that are pre-crushed and fractionated as standard for organized feeding by gravity into the screw hopper.

The implementation of the filtering device of the aerosol leaving the scrubber in the form of two parallel streams, in each of which a cascade of interchangeable cartridges of gas-permeable material is mounted, ensures uninterrupted high-quality cleaning of gases from solid inclusions due to the alternate switching of the streams into operation. At the same time, the used filter cartridges are replaced and the efficient filter cartridges are rearranged along the cascade when the creek located for preventative maintenance is blocked from

both sides with shutter dampers.

The discharge fan integrated in the discharge pipe creates atomization of the aerosol stream, diluting solid impurities, which differentiation are delayed on the filters of sequentially arranged cartridges.

The optimized thermodynamic regime in the furnace of the proposed design ensured high-quality afterburning of combustion products and more complete oxidation of soot, which allows the use of a central nozzle in the scrubber for high-speed evaporative cooling of the aerosol leaving the furnace, thereby preventing the recombination of dioxins and furans.

Placing the capacity of the water pumped into the nozzle of the scrubber on its discharge pipe is a rational use of the free volume of the installation, which organizationally reduces the occupied production area.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve the novelty of quality that is not inherent in the signs of disunity, that is, the technical problem posed in the invention is solved not by the sum of the effects, but by a new effect of the sum of the attributes.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by the drawing, which schematically shows:

figure 1 - two-chamber furnace, a vertical section;

figure 2 is a General view of the installation.

A vertically arranged furnace consists of two combined chambers 1 and 2, respectively, of burning a piece of solid or liquid (preferably lumpy) material and afterburning products of their burning.

The chambers 1 and 2 are connected by means of a nozzle 3 (Fig. 1), made in the intermediate arch 4 between them, made in the form of a rectangular hog, forming a stagnant zone A.

Along the furnace there is a duct 5 for supplying excess oxidizing air; the distribution is in an optimized mass ratio in height, namely: under the grate 6 - a quarter, into the combustion chamber 1 10-15 wt.%, Into the nozzle 3 half and into the afterburner 2 10-15 wt. .%. Moreover, the channels 7 for supplying oxidizing air to the nozzle 3 are made inclined toward the afterburning chamber 2 at an angle of 30 ° to the vertical.

Technological pipe 8 is fixed on the afterburning chamber 2, which is closed by a pivotally mounted flap 9 connected through a lever 10 (Fig. 2.1) to a rotation drive, preferably manual.

The upper end of the afterburning chamber 2 (Fig. 1.) together with the pipe 8 form a chimney of a rectangular profile - burs with a stagnant zone B, where gas-aerosol products are inhibited, forming turbulent turbulence, and are delayed in the chamber 2 until complete oxidation (for at least 2 s).

The hopper 11 of the loading of the combustion chamber 1 with a discrete solid material and / or lumped liquid material communicates with a feed screw 12, which is installed under the rotary grinder 13 of large solid material intended for burning in a furnace.

The feed hopper 14 of the rotary chopper 13 is connected to an exhaust fan 15, the output of which is connected to the duct of the oxidizing air supply duct 5 under the furnace grate 6.

The outlet pipe 16, which is perpendicularly attached to the afterburning furnace 2, is connected to the scrubber 17, the central nozzle 18 of which communicates by means of a pump 19 with a water tank 20 installed on the outlet pipe 21 in communication with the pipe 22.

The exhaust pipe 22, equipped with a discharge fan 23, is communicated through two autonomous streams 24 through the slide gates 25 with parallel exhaust aerosol filtering devices 26, each of which is a cascade of exchangeable cartridges 27 made of fibrous filter material, in particular basalt fiber.

The outlet of the streams 24, blocked by the slide gate valves 28, is connected to the chimney 29 through an exhaust fan 30.

The device operates as follows.

To ignite the furnace (with the open shutter 9 on the nozzle 8), the furnace chamber is loaded with 1 wood, wood shavings, wood chips, etc., when burned, the temperature rises to the working level of 1200-1400 ° C, after which the shutter 9 is closed and loaded fractional material by rotary feeder 12.

The gases of the ignition mode are released out through the open pipe 8 of the furnace.

Combustion materials are loaded directly into the rotary feeder 12 or into the hopper 14 (in the case of the supply of bulky solid materials or packages in massive boxes). In the rotary grinder 13, the materials from the hopper 14 are fragmented to the specified size and fed to the screw feeder 12, by which they are compacted and fed into the loading hopper 11 of the combustion chamber 1.

The dense mass of the feed material formed in the hopper 11 has a high aerodynamic drag and acts as a gas valve, which allows continuous loading of the furnace, which is comparable in weight to the flow rate of the burned material in the combustion chamber 1 placed on the grid-irons 6.

In this case, oxidizing air is supplied under the grate 6 from the duct 5, which is distributed into the volume of discrete material burned, increasing the combustion area and activating the combustion process and raising the temperature.

An additional volume of excess air is supplied directly to the combustion chamber 1 from the duct 5 by transverse jets, which contributes to

mixing the exhaust gas combustion products with secondary air.

Gaseous products of combustion are inhibited by the rectangular bore of the upper part of the combustion chamber 1 in zone A and are retained therein for a period of at least 2 s, which is sufficient for the oxidation of soot, as the most inert and difficult to burn component of any layer combustion.

The jets of oxidizing air directed from the ducts 7 inclined into the afterburning chamber 2 from the duct 5 create a discharge in the nozzle 3, as a result of which the exhaust gases are sucked into the center of the combustion chamber 1 and enter the afterburning chamber 2, where they are inhibited, expanding, and additionally through transverse jets air from the duct 5.

Actively mixing with oxidizing air, the aerosol combustion products are burned to the final products, which is facilitated by the conundant zone B of the rectangular hog of the upper part of the afterburning chamber 2, which ensures a residence time of at least 2 s in the mixture.

The blasting of oxidizing air is optimally distributed in the following mass ratio: 45-50% into nozzle 3, 20-25% under grate 6 and 10-15% into both chambers 1 and 2, which creates a positive oxygen balance (30-50% excess ) in the process of burning a combustible mixture.

The proposed furnace design and the thermodynamic combustion regime in it are optimized for the complete combustion of various materials during the oxidation of components to final products, as evidenced by the almost complete absence of 16 soot in the exhaust aerosol.

In the furnace it is possible to burn solid organic household and industrial waste, toxic hospital waste containing used bandages, cotton wool, disposable syringes, needles, ampoules, vials, blood transfusion systems, rubber tubes, gloves, etc. materials.

In the pipeline 4, the gas flow with a temperature of 1100-1200 ° C unfolds and brakes while entering the scrubber 17, where the aerosol temperature sharply decreases due to evaporative cooling by the dispersible water nozzle 18 to the level of 250-300 ° C (the so-called “quenching” takes place "Aerosol).

The gas-vapor mixture from the scrubber 17 enters through the central pipe 21 into the pipe 22, where, by means of a fan 23 forcing air into the filter device 26, the aerosol is forcedly mixed with air when the temperature drops to 120-140 ° C.

From the pipeline 23, the aerosol through an open stream 24 (with the slide gate valves 25 and 28 extended) is supplied to the device 26, where a cascade of filter cartridges 27 passes, in which solid ash particles are retained on the fibrous gas-permeable material.

Pure gaseous waste products are discharged into the pipe 29 by means of a pump 29 and then enter the atmosphere.

Periodically in the device 25, the slide gate valves 24 and 27 overlap,

opening similar slide gates 25, 28 of the second stream 24, thereby connecting the backup filtering device 26 to the work.

In the disconnected device 26, the cassettes 27 are replaced with clean ones, preparing it for subsequent work. Thus, the change of filter cartridges 27 is carried out without interrupting the installation process.

Successful testing of a prototype of the installation according to the invention in various modes of burning a variety of solid and liquid materials, certified by instrumentation, allows us to recommend it for mass production for delivery to customers.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the identified analogues of the prior art, from which the utility model does not explicitly follow for the furnace specialist, showed that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of industrial serial production of a device for burning solid and liquid materials, we can conclude on its compliance with the criteria of patentability.

Claims (3)

1. The furnace for burning solid and liquid materials, containing lined with a refractory coating, vertically mounted and connected by a central hole of the intermediate arch, a combustion chamber equipped with a loading hopper and a grate above the ash collector, and a combustion products afterburner connected to the distributed oxidizing air supply system, moreover, the afterburning chamber by means of a normally located pipeline is connected to a parallel-mounted scrubber, at the output of which a device f exhaust aerosol filtering, characterized in that the arch with a central hole between the combustion and afterburning chambers of the pyrolysis products is made in the form of a rectangular bore combined with a nozzle, at the outlet of which there are air supply channels directed into the afterburner at an angle of 25-35 ° to the longitudinal axis while oxidizing air is distributed in the following mass ratio: a quarter under the grate, half in the nozzle between the chambers, in each of which the remainder is equally divided. 2. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutter is pivotally mounted on the outlet pipe through a lever connected to the rotary drive, the loading hopper is combined with a screw feeder located under the rotary grinder of solid material in communication with the exhaust fan, and an exhaust aerosol filtering device represents two parallel streams connected through gate valves with an injection fan, in each of which a cascade of interchangeable cartridges of gas-permeable material is mounted. 3. The furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the scrubber has a central nozzle, the supply tank of which is installed on its discharge pipe.