RU83690U1 - NOISE SOUND HELMET - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A noise-attenuating helmet, including hearing protection and an attachment in the chin area, characterized in that it is made individually double-layered in the shape of the head, from article fabric 50T, raw material composition: linen - 19%, cotton - 45%, PAN - 36%, surface density 274 g / m2, on the side of the helmet, in the area of the auricles there are pockets for polyurethane inserts with a thickness of 1.5-2.0 cm.! 2. The silencing helmet according to claim 1, characterized in that the pockets and inserts are made rectangular with oval edges. ! 3. Noise-attenuating helmet according to claim 2, characterized in that the pockets and inserts are made in the form of a triangle, the oval shape of the top of which is facing down.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine, in particular to occupational health, and in particular to individual means of protecting the hearing organ from the effects of industrial noise, with the aim of preventing the formation of noise loss in people with noisy occupations.

The organ of hearing is an extremely sensitive apparatus created by nature to perceive the sound vibrations of the air. The nerve centers of the hearing organ have a complex and diverse relationship with other nerve centers that control a number of vital functions in the body (vascular, visual, respiratory, motor, etc.). Under the influence of high noise levels, the regulatory function of these centers to control the activity of the whole organism is disrupted, which leads to an increase in morbidity. Noise is one of the most common adverse environmental factors in all areas of human activity and life. Tens of millions of people are adversely affected by noise in everyday life, in transport, at work, which leads to the development of fatigue, reduced performance and the development of general and occupational morbidity.

Occupational hearing loss is a slowly progressive form of damage to auditory function, in its development associated with the prolonged exposure to noise and vibration in the workplace. The nature and course of hearing loss mainly depends on the intensity of noise and vibration, on the duration of its daily exposure.

Two stages can be distinguished in the development of occupational hearing loss and the accompanying subjective sensations. In the first stage, the reaction phenomena from the side of the hearing organ to loud noise and vibration prevail. This reaction covers the peripheral and central parts of the auditory analyzer, and in some cases the vestibular one. Clinically, this is manifested in a decrease in hearing, which is not limited to any one sound, and in subjective disorders - subjective noise, and sometimes in dizziness.

In the second stage, pathological changes in the ear are formed only after a relatively long period of work in noisy production and are localized mainly in the region of the main cochlear curl. At this stage, there is a marked decrease in the perception of high sounds, and in the presence of vibration, a decrease in perception and low sounds through air and through the bones of the skull.

Noise reduction on the way of its distribution is carried out by the following methods:

- organizational;

- soundproofing;

- sound absorption;

- vibration isolation;

- remote control from soundproof cabs.

It is not always possible to protect a person from excessive noise in a production environment. Very often, technical and architectural and construction methods of noise reduction require significant material costs. At the same time, there are a number of processes and productions where personal protective equipment (PPE) - antinoise are the only means of protecting workers from high noise levels. Therefore, antinoise is an important and real help in solving the problems of reducing the noise load on a person in a production environment. The main purpose of hearing protection equipment is to block this channel, which is most sensitive to noise.

However, antinoise should not only provide reliable protection, but also comfortable and safe conditions for their use. According to GOST R 12.4.211-99, antinoise is a means of personal hearing protection used by a person to isolate unwanted sounds. There are two main types of antinoise: internal, enclosed inside the external auditory meatus, and external, covering the entire auricle from the outside. The use of anti-noise reduces the level of noise acting on a person by 5-10 dB at low frequencies (125-250 Hz), by 20-30 dB at high frequencies (4000-8000 Hz).

Currently, the industry produces anti-noise headphones, ear plugs, earbuds and earphones mounted on protective helmets.

An anti-noise earphone, according to GOST R. 12.4.208-99, a means of personal hearing protection, consisting of two soundproof cups covering the auricles and interconnected by a hard or soft clamping device. Boxes are made of several layers of sound-absorbing materials (felt, cardboard, rubber, vinyl chloride) with fillers between them (tow, slag, etc.). Soft pads form seals around the ears, blocking noise. Pads are made of foam or filled with liquid.

Earplugs, according to GOST R. 12.4.208-99, are a means of personal hearing protection that is worn in the inner part of the auditory (ear) canal or in the auricle. They are tampons made of special fabric, ultra-thin glass wool, regular cotton wool and gauze, as well as vinyl, foamed polypropylene, polyurethane, silicone, molded foam.

Distinguish:

- disposable earplugs

- ear plugs for reusable use;

- ear plugs connected by a semi-rigid headband;

Solid earmolds, which are made of a two-component mass on the basis of silicone, are used for no longer than 6 months, due to one standard size, they may not be selected for all working and have acoustic leakage.

As a prototype, the authors took headphones mounted on protective helmets, which are made of three components: a holding braid with headphones, an occipital protective pad, which is superimposed on the energy-absorbing shell of the helmet. The retaining braid is made of a mixture of cotton with polyester, nylon cells that provide ventilation. One size fits all. Durable helmet shell reinforced with nylon, equipped with internal energy-absorbing pads. The occipital pad is a black-coated rubber sponge.

The use of effective personal protective equipment can reduce the negative impact of noise not only on hearing, but also on the entire human body and ensure comfortable working conditions. The classification and requirements for their effectiveness are regulated by GOST 12.4.051-78 "Personal protective equipment against noise. General specifications. " All personal protective equipment significantly reduces noise intensity levels, especially at high frequencies.

However, they have several disadvantages.

So noise-reducing headphones, restrict the freedom of movement of the neck and head, impair the blood supply to the brain due to compression of the basilar arteries. Earplugs absorb sulfur, increase the temperature in the ear, create pressure on the walls of the ear canal, which leads to the development of inflammatory processes - dermatitis, and since they are usually disposable - they are expensive to use. Hard liners are used no longer than 6 months, due to one standard size, they may not be selected for all working and have an acoustic leak. Wearing headphones mounted on protective helmets is not applicable in all noise-hazardous industries, since this type of noise isolates the worker from the production acoustic environment and does not give an objective idea of the operation of the machine or mechanisms, which makes it difficult to control the process by ear. And also, persons working for a long time in noise, it is necessary to get used to one or two months to personal protective equipment for hearing.

When developing PPE for the hearing organ, it is necessary to take into account that there are two ways of transmitting sound to the organ of hearing - the air through the sound-conducting apparatus and the bone pathway for conducting sounds, especially the compression type when exposed to high sounds, under the influence of which the skull begins to oscillate in separate segments. In this connection, it is necessary to protect not only the ears, as the main way of sound transmission, but also the head from exposure to intense industrial noise. Therefore, we developed the design of a noise-attenuating helmet that protects the head and ears from the effects of high levels of industrial noise intensity on the hearing organ, since, in addition to the main way of delivering sound to the inner ear,

 air, protects the bone pathway of sounds, and does not complicate the monitoring of the process by ear.

The design of the helmet consists of three parts (1-front and 2 side parts) (see Figure 1; Figure 2; Figure 3).

A significant difference of the proposed product is that it is made of two-layer, individually shaped head from fabric article 50T, on the side of the helmet, in the area of the auricles there are pockets for polyurethane inserts with a thickness of 1.5-2.0 cm and with fastening in the chin area . Pockets and inserts can be made in the form of a rectangle with oval edges or a triangle, the top of which is also oval rounded and facing down (see Figure 2; Figure 3).

The fabric of the article 50T, of which the noise-attenuating helmet is made, refers to textile wallpaper, raw material composition (linen-19%, cotton-45%, PAN-36%), surface density 274 g / m ² . It is used to decorate the interior of residential and public buildings, offices, in the interior of manned spacecraft to improve the acoustic environment in the inhabited compartments. In our opinion, the use of such textile fabrics allows us to expand the scope of their use in various areas of the economy (construction, transport, healthcare).

Analysis of the noise-attenuating properties of one layer of fabric (Art. 50T) revealed a decrease in noise from the source (pumps, blowers, turbochargers of technological units of the Orenburg gas processing plant) exceeding the remote control by noise from 3 to 27 dB A by 10.8-11.8 dB A by the general level and 0.3-16.1 dB in terms of sound pressure. The maximum decrease in sound pressure levels by 12.6-16.1 dB was noted in the most hygienically significant frequency range from 2000-8000 Hz (Table 1). Thus, fabric (Art. 50T) has acoustically significant noise-attenuating properties, both in terms of overall sound level and sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands of 2000-8000 Hz even when using one layer.

Noise reduction table with one layer of fabric (Art.50T) Table 1 Frequency Hz) 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Average noise reduction (dB) 8.2 8.5 9,4 11,2 17.8 15,2 17.1 20.5 Standard Deviation (dB) 5.2 5.5 6.0 5,4 6.0 2.6 2,8 4.4 Expected Protection (dB) 3.0 3.0 3.4 5.8 11.8 12.6 14.3 16.1

The two-layer fabric used in the helmet will lead to an average decrease in sound pressure levels from 6 to 28 dB in all octave bands. In order to obtain an additional effect of noise reduction, we recommend the use of polyurethane inserts, since it is known that for earplugs made of similar material, the average noise attenuation at frequencies of 125-250 Hz reaches 3 dB, at frequencies of 2000-8000 Hz - 15-16 db

Thus, wearing the proposed noise-attenuating helmet will allow to reduce the sound pressure levels at frequencies of 125-250 Hz - 9 dB, at frequencies of 2000-8000 Hz - 43-44 dB.

A noise-attenuating helmet is made of flax-containing fabric, the article 50T has unique biomedical properties: hygroscopicity, bactericidal activity, the ability to reduce static electricity charges, as well as noise attenuation. The helmet is lightweight, does not cause discomfort when wearing, does not complicate the monitoring of the process, if necessary, it can be used together with a protective helmet. We recommend the use of the proposed noise damping helmet for persons with noisy occupations in the gas, oil, and textile industries.

Claims (3)

1. A noise-attenuating helmet, including hearing protection and an attachment in the chin area, characterized in that it is made individually double-layered in the shape of the head, from article fabric 50T, raw material composition: linen - 19%, cotton - 45%, PAN - 36%, surface density 274 g / m ² , on the side of the helmet, in the area of the auricles there are pockets for polyurethane inserts with a thickness of 1.5-2.0 cm. 2. The silencing helmet according to claim 1, characterized in that the pockets and inserts are made rectangular with oval edges. 3. Noise-attenuating helmet according to claim 2, characterized in that the pockets and inserts are made in the form of a triangle, the oval shape of the top of which is facing down.