RU83646U1 - TUTORIAL ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING WITH DEMO DISPLAY - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A training device in electrical engineering with a demonstration display containing a magnetic demonstration board, a set of rectangular-shaped platforms made of non-conductive material, on which elements of an electrical circuit are fixed, and one platform forms a module for connecting a current source, another one is a module with clamps and the remaining platforms are carriers for various other circuit elements, including circuit breaker, switch, resistors with different resistance, incandescent lamps, flat electronic vacuum lamp, power supply for an electronic lamp, capacitors with different capacities, a diode, an LED, a transistor, a photocell, a thermistor, a photoresistor, an inductor with a removable ferrite core, a permanent magnet, and also containing a set of connecting wires, digital display units, each of which is made in the form of a universal device with terminals for inclusion in the electrical circuit and with a display consisting of a segmented digital part where the current value of the measured value is displayed and a segment symbolic part, where the units of measurement of the physical quantity are displayed, while the universal device includes current and voltage sensors that measure current and voltage in the electric circuit without additional devices, while the platforms are equipped with magnets for fixing them on a demonstration board located on their back facing the board surface, and the platform with the photocell and photoresistor has additional magnets on one of its side surfaces, and on the front over

Description

The utility model relates to teaching aids and can be used in individual and group training in assembling circuits with electrical and electronic components, as well as for conducting laboratory work and demonstrating experiments in electrical engineering.

Known educational devices in electrical engineering, which can be used as a game for children, containing a set of blocks carrying elements of an electric circuit. The blocks are joined together in a flat or three-dimensional structure (see EP 0135633, 1986, RU 2101773, 1998, class G09B 23/18). The implementation of the known training devices in the form of interlocking blocks between themselves does not give a complete picture of the process of assembling an electrical circuit from elements connected by wires. In addition, the known devices do not provide for the assembly of circuits, which would provide the measurement of AC and DC current and other values.

Known technical solution according to patent RU No. 2236708, class. G09B 23/18, in which a training device for studying the basics of electrical engineering will contain a power supply, electrical circuit blocks, a set of electrical elements, a measuring instrument unit, a control and indication unit, the indication unit inducing the presence of an impulse, and each parameter is determined on its control device.

Known technical solutions for applications RU No. 2001124618 and No. 2007113966, which use blocks of electrical and electronic circuits, the outputs of which are ultimately connected to the indicators, and in the first case, a light indicator is used. However data

technical solutions are difficult to implement.

The closest technical solution is the "Training device in electrical engineering" patent RU No. 2239872, class. G09B 23/18, 04/23/2003, containing a set of measuring boards-modules on which voltmeters, ammeters, millivoltmeters and milliammeters are fixed, and boards with carriers of various circuit elements, such as a current source, clamps, switches, resistors, various resistances , lamps, capacitors, diodes, LEDs, inductors, as well as digital display units and connecting wires. The boards are equipped with magnets for mounting on a magnetic board. However, this technical solution does not contain sufficiently clear measurement elements and indication elements of the readings of the measured quantities.

The claimed utility model is aimed at solving the problem of simplifying the design and creating a universal training device in electrical engineering, which would allow conducting experiments with fixing instrument readings and measuring current instrument performance.

The technical result that can be achieved by carrying out the invention is to obtain a universal training device in electrical engineering, due to which it is possible to measure the strength of direct and alternating current, as well as voltage, when conducting demonstration experiments, to demonstrate the phenomena and patterns studied in the section " DC Laws ”, demonstrate phenomena and patterns studied in the section“ Current in Semiconductors ”, conduct demonstration experts Events with a capacitor and an inductor, demonstrate the phenomena and patterns studied in the "Alternating current" section, and also study the basic patterns on the topic "Electric current in vacuum." The assembly process of the electric circuit from the platforms used in the proposed device, carrying elements of the electric circuit, as much as possible

simplified and visual, which saves time on the lesson and present at the same time a larger amount of the studied material. The device allows you to effectively present the studied material to almost any audience and develops students' skills in collecting electrical circuits.

To achieve a technical result, we propose a training device in electrical engineering with a demonstration display containing a magnetic demonstration board, a set of rectangular-shaped platforms made of non-conductive material, on which elements of an electrical circuit are fixed, and one platform forms a module for connecting a current source, another platform module with clamps, and the remaining platforms are carriers for various other elements of the electrical circuit, including the circuit breaker, will switch firing resistors with different resistance, an incandescent lamp, a flat electronic vacuum lamp, an electronic lamp power supply, capacitors with different capacities, a diode, an LED, a transistor, a photocell, a thermistor, a photoresistor, an inductor with an extractable ferrite rod, and also containing a set of connecting wires , a permanent magnet and digital display units, each of which is made in the form of a universal device with terminals for inclusion in the electrical circuit and with a display consisting of a segmented digital of the first part, where the current value of the measured value and the segment symbolic part are displayed, where the units of measurement of the physical quantity are displayed, while the universal device includes current and voltage sensors that measure current and voltage in the electric circuit without additional devices, while the platforms are equipped with magnets for fixing on a demonstration board, located on their back facing the board surface, and the platform with a photocell and photoresistor has additional magnets on bottom of its side surfaces, and on the front

the surfaces of the platforms are equipped with terminals for connecting the connecting wires when assembling the electric circuit, at least in some of the platforms there are cavities open from the back surface, inside each of which there is a corresponding element of the electric circuit connected by connecting wires to the terminals, and connectors for connecting the universal device, and on the front surface of at least part of the platforms printed images that allow you to identify the circuit element located in the cavity atforms.

Some elements of the electric circuit are fixed on the front surfaces of the platforms, and the cavity of the platforms has the same depth throughout its volume.

Some of the magnets are made in the form of washers located in sockets made on the sides of the platforms, and some of the magnets are made in the form of strips located in grooves made in the platforms from the back surfaces.

Images applied to the front surface of the platforms are made in the form of painted areas or in the form of a relief pattern.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings. Figure 1 presents the magnetically conductive sheet 1 with installed on it some platforms and a digital display unit. Figure 2 presents the platform used for the assembly of electrical circuits when demonstrating the phenomena and patterns studied, in particular in the section "DC Laws". Figure 3 - presents an electrical circuit assembled using the platforms of figure 2.

Figure 4 presents the platform used for the assembly of electrical circuits during demonstration experiments with a capacitor and inductor in the study of phenomena and patterns in the section "Alternating current". Figure 5 - electric circuit assembled using the set of platforms of figure 1, 2, 4, 6.

Figure 6 - shows the platform used for the assembly of electrical circuits to demonstrate the phenomena and patterns studied, in particular, in the section "Current in semiconductors". Figure 7 shows the platform used to demonstrate the phenomena and patterns in the demonstration of experiments in the section "Electric current in vacuum." On Fig - shows the options for installing platforms on a magnetic demonstration board, flat and on the side. In Fig.9 is a top view of one of the platforms of Fig.6, and in Fig.10 is also a bottom view.

The training device in electrical engineering contains a magnetic demonstration board 1, preferably of rectangular shape, and a set of platforms 2 of rectangular, preferably square, shape, on which the elements of the electric circuit 3 are fixed.

The demonstration board may be horizontal, vertical or inclined and may have means for mounting or hanging it in an inclined or vertical position.

The platforms are made of non-conductive material, such as plastic, wood or other suitable material.

Figure 1 shows the magnetically conductive sheet 1 with some platforms installed on it and a digital indicating unit 4, of which there may be several pieces in a set.

Figure 2 presents the platform used for the assembly of electrical circuits when demonstrating the phenomena and patterns studied, in particular in the section "DC Laws". These include the following platforms: resistors 40, 5 and 6 with different resistance, a variable resistor 7, a switch 8, a lamp 9, a module with clamps 10, a module for connecting a current source 11.

Figure 4 presents the platform used for the assembly of electrical circuits when conducting demonstration experiments with a capacitor and inductor in the study of phenomena and

patterns in the section "Alternating current". These include the following platforms: switch 30, capacitors 12, 13, 14 and 15 and a platform with an inductor 16 equipped with a ferrite core (not shown in the drawing).

Figure 6 - shows the platform used for the assembly of electrical circuits to demonstrate the phenomena and patterns studied, in particular, in the section "Current in semiconductors". They include the following platforms: diode 17, LED 18, transistor 19, photocell 20, thermistor 21, photoresistor 22, resistor 23, variable resistor 24, lamp 8. The device also includes a set of connecting wires 25.

Figure 7 shows the platform used to demonstrate the phenomena and patterns in the section "Electric current in vacuum." In these experiments, students get acquainted with the phenomenon of thermionic emission and the effects that accompany the movement of free electrons in a vacuum under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. These include the following platforms. One platform 26 is used to connect the power source to the cathode filament circuit and is configured to control the filament of cathode K, (indicated by H) by means of variable resistance 27. The other platform 28 is doubled, and the matrix module of the electronic vacuum lamp 29 with plane parallel matrix display connected in a single element.

The platforms 2 are provided with magnets 31 for fixing on the demonstration board 1. The magnets are located on the rear surface of the platforms facing the demonstration board 1. Part of the platforms have magnets 32 (see FIG. 1), at least on one of their side surfaces 33, which makes it possible to mount the platforms on the demonstration board 1 in a vertical position (see FIG. 8). Vertical installation of platforms 2 on a demo board saves usable area of the board and thus provides the opportunity

assembly chains with a large number of constituent elements. The magnets 32 can be made in the form of washers (see FIG. 1), which are located in sockets made in platforms on their lateral 33 surfaces and demonstrate the operation of the photosensitive elements. The magnets 31 can be made in the form of strips (see FIG. 10) located in grooves 34, which are made in the platforms from the back surfaces. On the front surfaces 35 of the platforms 2, terminals 36 are installed for connecting the connecting wires 25 when assembling the electrical circuits. The platforms have cavities 37 open from the back surface. Inside each cavity 37, a corresponding electric circuit element and fastening elements 38 for fixing terminals 36 are installed. An electric circuit element located in the cavity is connected by connecting wires passing in the cavity to the terminals 36.

On the front surface 35, at least part of the platforms 2 printed image 41, allowing to identify the elements of the circuit located in the cavities of the platforms.

Some elements of the electrical circuit, for example, resistors 4, 5, 6, (see figure 2) can be mounted on the front surfaces 35 of the platforms 2.

Before conducting a demonstration experiment using the kit, it is necessary to assemble an electrical circuit in accordance with the recommendations of the methodological manual using a digital display unit 3.

So the platforms depicted in FIG. 2 participate in the following types of work, experimental studies and measurements: drawing up an electrical circuit; current measurement with an ammeter; voltage measurement with a voltmeter; dependence of current strength on voltage; dependence of current strength on resistance; resistance measurement; variable resistor device; serial connections of conductors; parallel connection of conductors; fuse action; heating the conductor with electric current; definition

electric current power.

The platforms depicted in FIG. 4 participate in the following types of work, experimental studies and measurements: charging a capacitor, discharging a capacitor, charged capacitor energy, electromagnetic induction, self-induction phenomenon, capacitor in an alternating current circuit, inductor in an alternating current circuit, series circuit alternating current, resonance in a series oscillatory circuit, the dependence of the resonant frequency on the circuit parameters, the principle of operation of the transformer.

The platforms depicted in FIG. 6 participate in the following types of work, experimental studies and measurements: temperature dependence of semiconductor resistance, light dependence of semiconductor resistance, single-sided conductivity of a semiconductor diode, LED study, transistor device.

The platforms depicted in Fig. 7 participate in conducting experiments and studying the phenomena of thermionic emission in a vacuum, namely, the one-sided conductivity of a vacuum diode, the current-voltage characteristic of a vacuum diode, the saturation of a vacuum diode, the movement of electrons in a magnetic and electric field, experiments with a three-electrode lamp ( triode). Experiments are conducted to study the dependence of the emissivity of a metal and its electrical resistance on temperature, and others.

The proposed device, when used, provides for conducting all kinds of experiments on electricity from the simplest to the most complex, covering not only the high school program, but can also be used to give lectures on general physics and electrical radio engineering at universities.

Claims (6)

1. A training device in electrical engineering with a demonstration display containing a magnetic demonstration board, a set of rectangular-shaped platforms made of non-conductive material, on which elements of an electrical circuit are fixed, and one platform forms a module for connecting a current source, another one is a module with clamps and the remaining platforms are carriers for various other circuit elements, including circuit breaker, switch, resistors with different resistance, incandescent lamps, flat electronic vacuum lamp, power supply of an electronic lamp, capacitors with different capacities, a diode, an LED, a transistor, a photocell, a thermistor, a photoresistor, an inductor with a removable ferrite core, a permanent magnet, and also containing a set of connecting wires, digital display units, each of which is made in the form of a universal device with terminals for inclusion in the electrical circuit and with a display consisting of a segmented digital part where the current value of the measured value is displayed and a segment symbolic part, where the units of measurement of the physical quantity are displayed, while the universal device includes current and voltage sensors that measure current and voltage in the electric circuit without additional devices, while the platforms are equipped with magnets for fixing them on a demonstration board located on their back facing the board surface, and the platform with the photocell and photoresistor has additional magnets on one of its side surfaces, and on the front over The boards have terminals for connecting the connecting wires when assembling the electric circuit, at least in some platforms there are cavities open on the back surface, inside each of which there is a corresponding electric circuit element connected by connecting wires to the terminals, and elements for connectors for connecting a universal device, and on the front surface of at least part of the platforms are marked with images to identify the circuit element located in the cavity platforms. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that some of the elements of the electrical circuit are fixed on the front surfaces of the platforms. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity has the same depth throughout its volume. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnets are made in the form of washers located in sockets made in the platforms. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnets are made in the form of strips located in grooves made in the platforms from the back surfaces. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the images deposited on the front surface of the platforms are made in the form of painted areas or in the form of a relief pattern.