RU83606U1 - IGNITION-EXPLOSIVE CHARGE - Google Patents

Abstract

Ignition-explosive charge for a pyrotechnic fireworks product of high-altitude action, which is placed in a plastic shell with functional stars distributed on it, filling the volume of the ball-shaped body, and is made of granular filler from plant particles coated with a layer of ignition mixture, including gunpowder or pyrotechnic composition and nitrocellulose in a mass ratio of 0.2-0.7, characterized in that the pyrotechnic composition of the coating of the igniter mixture contains potassium perchlorate, charcoal sulfur and sulfur in the following ratio of components, wt.%:! potassium perchlorate 68-74 wood charcoal 15-19 sulfur 9-11 nitrocellulose 1-3,! wherein the layer thickness of the igniter mixture in the coating of the filler particles is 0.2-0.4 mm.

Description

The utility model relates to pyrotechnics, and more specifically, to an ignition-explosive charge for pyrotechnic fireworks of high-altitude action, which can be used when carrying out entertainment and entertainment events.

The level of this technical field is characterized by a pyrotechnic firework product of high-altitude action described in the invention SU 237042, С06D, containing a flammable-explosive charge from an ignition mixture comprising (wt.%): 53-63 potassium nitrate, 32-38 magnesium powder and 5-9 cryolite, which is placed in a perforated cardboard shell with functional stars distributed on it under the body (fireworks equipment).

The disadvantage of the described product is the unsatisfactory rate of increase in pressure in the housing from gaseous products generated by the ignition mixture burning at a low speed. As a result, the body is fragmented unevenly and unregulated, while the burning stars fly randomly at different speeds, distorting the firework pattern formed in the atmosphere.

The noted drawback is eliminated in the fireworks product of high-altitude action according to the patent RU 26116, F42В 4/04, 2002, which is selected as the closest analogue in technical essence and in the number of matching features.

The known product contains a spherical body, inside which are distributed functional stars, laid on a fabric shell with an ignition-explosive charge, connected by means of a temporary retarder with an expelling charge, equipped with an electric igniter, initiated by a pulse from a starting device.

A feature of this product is the implementation of a flammable-explosive charge of an inert plant material with a low gravimetric density (bulk carrier), the particles of which are coated with a layer 0.4-0.6 mm thick from an igniter mixture consisting of gunpowder or pyrotechnic composition and nitrocellulose.

The mass ratio of the bulk carrier of plant material and the ignition coating mixture is optimized in the range of 0.2-0.7, which ensures the stability of the ballistic and technological characteristics of the ignition-explosive charge.

The term “inert plant material” means a fire-, explosion-proof component, which is used as a sunflower husk, floor oats, rice husks, cotton seeds, etc.

The use of nitrocellulose in the form of a solution in a volatile solvent in the manufacture of ignition-explosive charge, which

placed in a fabric sheath instead of a perforated cardboard according to the specified analogue, it allows to increase the manufacturability of less time-consuming in the manufacture of the product.

Sensitive to a thermal pulse, a coating on an inert dispersed carrier determines a high ignition rate and volumetric combustion of an explosive-explosive charge, which provides a sharp increase in the pressure of generated gaseous products inside the housing. As a result of this, a finely fragmented fragmentation of the body and throwing of burning functional elements (stars) to a distance multiple of the prototype distance and equal in all directions is achieved.

When a well-known product operates at a firing height, an almost spherical surface is formed from local fireworks from autonomously burning functional stars made of pyrotechnic spark-force composition.

The pyrotechnic spark-force composition of the stars is ignited by the energy of the generated gaseous products of combustion of the ignition-explosive charge before crushing the body with a maximum pressure in its closed volume.

The active combustion of the igniter coating mixture of an inert granular carrier, with a high rate of increase in pressure of the gaseous products of combustion, ends before the rupture of the spherical body, which is crushed evenly, providing a high expansion speed of the burning functional stars. As a result, the correct geometric shape of the firework pattern is formed, which increases the spectacular effect.

However, the disadvantage of the described device is the unsatisfactory functioning of small-caliber fireworks due to the relatively low amount of ignition-explosive charge, as well as when using an ignition mixture of coating particles of a granular carrier with an unsuitable qualitative and quantitative pyrotechnic composition. In these cases, the disadvantages of the prototype in distorting the shape of the firework pattern due to the gradient of the speed of expansion of the functional stars, which occurs as a result of unregulated and uneven crushing of the body, are repeated.

Large fragments of the body that are formed during the breaking of its technological hemispheres are a screen that prevents the free expansion of functional elements (stars), during the burning of which local fireworks are formed, forming a general sparkling pattern at the height of the product.

When shielding, the star’s scattering is partially inhibited and suppressed, distorting the given pattern of the luminous geometric figure and the spectacular effect is reduced.

The task to which the present utility model is directed is to increase the functional reliability of fireworks while expanding the range of their sizes, that is, the scope of use,

providing an equally high spectacular effect.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known ignition-explosive charge for a pyrotechnic firework product of high-altitude action, which is placed in a plastic shell with functional stars distributed on it, filling the volume of the ball-shaped body, and is made in the form of a loose filler from plant particles coated with a layer igniter mixture, including gunpowder or pyrotechnic composition and nitrocellulose in a mass ratio of 0.2-0.7, at the suggestion of the authors, the pyrotechnic composition of ytiya of igniting the mixture comprises potassium perchlorate, charcoal and sulfur, with the following component ratio, wt.%:

potassium perchlorate 68-74 charcoal 15-19 sulfur 9-11 nitrocellulose 1-3,

wherein the coating thickness of the igniter mixture on the filler particles is 0.2-0.4 mm.

Distinctive features ensured an increase in the purpose and functional reliability of small-caliber fireworks, which allowed them to expand their nomenclature, diversifying the technological capabilities of the visual performance of various luminous, sparkling figures in space.

The optimization of the quantitative composition of the ignition-explosive charge for high-altitude products was carried out by calculation according to the mathematical model of the experimental design and verified by field tests of prototypes of various calibers.

Since potassium perchlorate has a significantly higher active oxygen content than potassium nitrate in the powder pulp of smoke powder, it is proposed to use it in an ignition mixture of an explosive-explosive charge in order to accelerate the pressure buildup in the body of the firework product and give the functional elements an increased initial expansion speed at break cases into small fragments.

Potassium perchlorate has a higher melting point (610 ° C) than potassium nitrate (334 ° C); therefore, it is less sensitive to thermal and mechanical influences in service circulation, i.e. it is more technologically advanced in serial production.

Charcoal is a combustible substance and is used in this composition as a traditional component used in cross-breeding. With increasing coal content in the mixture, the burning rate decreases.

Sulfur, on the one hand, is a cementing agent that binds potassium perchlorate with coal, and on the other hand, it is a combustible substance that facilitates ignition, since it has a lower melting point than coal. An increase in sulfur content reduces the burning rate of the mixture.

Nitrocellulose, in the form of a lacquer solution or stabilized colloxylin in acetone, serves as a technological binder that moistens the surface of an inert bulk carrier and hold the dried pyrotechnic composition on it. After removal of volatile substances, nitrocellulose remains in the coating formed on the particles of the carrier in the form of an igniter mixture and serves as an additional combustible equipment substance.

When an inert carrier of a pyrotechnic composition of more than 0.4 mm is applied to the particles of an inert carrier, the ignition-bursting charge burns after the product body ruptures, reducing the efficiency of its use as a throwing agent for functional stars, distorting the fireworks pattern formed by them.

When an igniter mixture of a pyrotechnic composition with a thickness of less than 0.2 mm is applied to the particles of an inert carrier, the continuity of the coating is not ensured, which reduces the rate of increase in pressure inside the body of the product, distorting the dynamics and fragmentation of its crushing.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination is sufficient to achieve the novelty of quality that is not inherent in the signs of disunity, that is, the technical task posed is achieved not by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the attributes

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the utility model does not explicitly follow for a pyrotechnic specialist, showed that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of industrial serial production of high-rise pyrotechnic fireworks, we can conclude that patentability criteria.

Fireworks product (figure 1) contains a housing 1 assembled from two stacked hemispheres, which are made of electrical cardboard with a thickness of 1.0-1.5 mm.

Inside the housing 1 is a tissue shell 2 filled with a flammable-explosive charge 3, which is a loose inert material of plant origin, particles 4 (Fig. 2) of which are coated with a thin layer 5 of an ignition mixture containing powder pulp or pyrotechnic composition and nitrocellulose.

The thickness of the layer 5 having a highly developed surface is 0.2-0.6 mm, which, during combustion, provides for the expressive generation of gases and a rapid increase in pressure inside the thin-walled body 1.

The mass ratio of the structural components of charge 3 (inert dispersed carrier 4 and heat-sensitive layer 5 of its coating) is 0.2-0.7, which ensures the stability of ballistic and technological characteristics of ignition-bursting charge 3 as a whole.

In the housing 1 of the product, a hole 6 is made for the temporary deceleration device 7, which is placed inside the charge 3.

Between the fabric shell 2 and the hemispheres of the housing 1 are distributed functional elements 8, the so-called stars, which are made of pyrotechnic spark-force composition.

The hemispheres of the housing 1 are connected by a coating 9 made by winding sticky paper tape 10.

In the coating 9, along the longitudinal axis of the product, a through hole 11 is made, coaxial and commensurate with the opening 6 of the housing 1 for installing the delay device 7, and on the opposite side there is a hole 12 in which a loopback handle 13 is installed, the ends pinched by the coating 9 on the housing 1.

In the lower (according to the drawing) part of the product, a capsule 14 is attached to the housing 1, carrying a propellant powder charge 15, in which an electric igniter 16 is located, equipped with a cord 17 for connecting mortars to the terminals of the starting device (not shown conditionally).

On the periphery of the equipment, including the ignition-explosive charge 3 placed in the fabric shell 2 with the functional elements 8 distributed over the surface, the cardboard hemispheres are joined, forming the body 1 of the product.

In this case, the device 7 temporary deceleration, recessed into the charge 3, is oriented relative to the hole 6 in the housing 1, and from the opposite side to the housing 1 the ends of the loop handle 13 are glued.

The housing 1 thus assembled is mounted on a rotary device under the winding coils of the adhesive tape 10 to form a power coating 9 of the housing 1.

The winding of the tape 10 is carried out with an overlap with an overlap of 3-6 mm, depending on the caliber of the product.

For winding use a paper tape with a width of 9-19 mm with a sticky layer of acrylic (adhesive tape).

The proposed ignition-explosive charge 3 is made as follows.

In tank-type mixers, a solution of nitrocellulose in acetone (TU 84-888-81) in a ratio of 1: (8-12) and a pyrotechnic composition containing (wt.%): 65-72 potassium perchloride according to TU 6-09- are separately prepared separately. 5467-90, 18-23 charcoal for smoke powder (OST V 84-2281-86) and 10-12 technical sulfur, GOST 127-78.

As an alternative, in the ignition composition of layer 5, the powder pulp of smoky gunpowder according to GOST 1028-79 is used in the delivery state.

Then, a vegetable base (sunflower husk, oat floor, rice husk, cotton seeds, etc.) is loaded into a paddle-type mixer — an inert filler of a flammable-explosive charge, characterized by a low gravimetric density (0.15-0.25 g-cm) and a highly developed surface of a loose structure, and treat it with a solution of nitrocellulose in acetone in a mass ratio of from 0.5 to 1.1, depending

from the required thickness of the formed layer of the igniter mixture.

Then, the prepared pyrotechnic composition or powder pulp is poured into the mixer in a mass ratio of 1: (1.5-5) and mixed for 5-10 minutes, without blowing air.

The resulting semi-finished product is unloaded on trays with a layer of 30-60 mm and weighing no more than 2 kg and dried at a temperature of 40-50 ° C for at least 8 hours or sag at a workshop atmosphere for at least 12 hours to a moisture content of not more than 4 wt.%.

The finished product with a developed combustion surface has a gravimetric density of not more than 0.55 g-cm ³ (for comparison, smoke powder -0.8-1.0 g-cm ³ ) and is an ignition-explosive charge, which fills the tissue membrane 2, placed inside the housing 1 of the product.

The thickness of the layer 5 of the igniter mixture using the proposed pyrotechnic composition in the coating on the particles 4 of the vegetable filler is 0.2-0.4 mm, because its burning rate is higher than that of the igniter mixture based on powder pulp, the thickness of which layer 5 is 0, 4-0.6 mm. Moreover, the rate of increase in pressure in the body 1 of the fireworks product is much higher.

The use of potassium perchloride in an ignition mixture increases the volume of gaseous products of combustion, which increases the efficiency of the main action of charge 3 in gas generation for small-caliber products (75-125 mm), in which a sample of ignition-explosive charge 3 is a quarter-third of firework equipment 8.

In fireworks with a caliber above 125 mm, the amount of ignition-bursting charge 3 is 80-120% of the mass of functional stars 8 contained in it, which is achieved by increasing the thickness of the coating layer 5 of the particles 4 of the plant filling from the ignition mixture based on powder pulp to 0.4 -0.6 mm.

It should be noted that an ignition mixture based on powder pulp contains, wt.%: 70-75 potassium nitrate, 12-15 charcoal for smoky gunpowder, 8-12 sulfur and 4-6 nitrocellulose, which is consistent with industry recommendations (see. for example, Budnikov M.A. et al. Explosives and gunpowder, State Publishing House of Oboronprom, M., 1955, p. 266).

The mass ratio of the inert base - igniter coatings is 24.5% -75% and 35.7% -64.3%, respectively, for the powder pulp and pyrotechnic composition used in the igniter mixture.

In both cases, the content of nitrocellulose is 2 wt.% On the dry residue non-volatile.

The proposed ignition-bursting charge 3 was tested within the optimized ranges of component contents, at the boundaries of these ranges and outside the boundaries. In this case, igniter mixtures based on a pyrotechnic composition with a coating thickness of 0.1 were tested

up to 0.5 mm.

Typical pyrotechnic compositions of the igniter mixture for coating 5 particles 4 of a granular carrier are presented in table 1.

Table 1
- mass content of components of igniter mixtures. Name of components The content of components (wt.%) In the compositions one 2 3 four 5 6 Potassium perchlorate 57 61.5 68 70 74 79 Charcoal 24 22 19 eighteen fifteen 12 Sulfur technical 16 fourteen eleven 9 9.5 8 Nitrocellulose 3 2.5 2 3 1,5 one

Table 2 shows the characteristics and purpose of the tested igniter mixtures for explosive charge 3.

table 2
- comparative characteristics and indicators of the appointment of the tested compounds. Parameters and specifications COMPOSITIONS one 2 3 four 5 6 Max. pressure, MPa (sample weight - 2 g) 60.5 61.2 63,4 67.6 63.0 50,2 Pressure rise time, ms 39.6 28.1 26.8 22.4 23.8 25.5 Number of Play mixture per 1 kg of carrier, g 320 260 225 175 145 110 Thickness layer mm 0.60 0.55 0.40 0.35 0.25 0.15 The radius of the stars, m * (product caliber 150 mm) 25-38 42-53 55-68 62-75 50-60 35-42 Entertainment by 10-ball. evaluation, geometric the form 6.0 bouquet 7.5 oval 9.5 sphere 9.5 sphere 9.5 sphere 6.5 bouquet

* - in a manometer bomb according to the methodology of NIIPH (inv. No. 21705 n / s).

From tables 1 and 2 it follows that the specified destination indicators fully provide compositions No. 3-5, the mass content of components in which corresponds to the selected optimum in the invention, with a layer thickness of the ignition mixture on an inert granular support in the range of 0.2-0.4 mm

The proposed product operates as follows. The product for the loopback handle 13 is installed inside the mortar, to the terminals of which a cord 17 is connected.

When you press the Start button, an electric pulse is supplied to the electric igniter 16, initiating the propellant propellant charge 15.

When the charge 15 is burning, powder gases are generated, creating a jump in excess pressure in the mortar, under the influence of which the product is fired at a given height (120-450 m depending on caliber).

The thermal energy of the powder gases is ignited by the pyrotechnic composition of the deceleration device 8, the burning time of which is designed to achieve a given flight altitude of the product.

The fire torch from the device 8 ignites the composition of the charge 3, which burns at high speed, while dynamically generating gaseous products, tearing the housing 1 and the supporting shell 10 into finely divided fragments.

In this case, the distributed functional elements 9, ignited by hot gaseous products of combustion of the ignition-explosive charge 3, freely scatter in the atmosphere, forming a firework pattern of the correct form.

For example, the radius of the stars 9 for a product with a caliber of 125 mm is 55-75 m.

Tests of the experimental batch of products according to the utility model showed high reliability of operation and the steadily created required firework effect, higher than that of standard products and the prototype, which allows us to recommend their industrial production.

Claims (1)

Ignition-explosive charge for a pyrotechnic fireworks product of high-altitude action, which is placed in a plastic shell with functional stars distributed on it, filling the volume of the ball-shaped body, and is made of granular filler from plant particles coated with a layer of ignition mixture, including gunpowder or pyrotechnic composition and nitrocellulose in a mass ratio of 0.2-0.7, characterized in that the pyrotechnic composition of the coating of the igniter mixture contains potassium perchlorate, charcoal sulfur and sulfur in the following ratio of components, wt.%: potassium perchlorate 68-74 charcoal 15-19 sulfur 9-11 nitrocellulose 1-3, wherein the layer thickness of the igniter mixture in the coating of the filler particles is 0.2-0.4 mm.