RU83517U1 - SOIL ANCHOR - Google Patents

Abstract

Soil anchor, including tubular rod with a protective sheath made of plastic on its lateral surface, cement stone, rigidly fixing the lower part of the tubular rod, equipped with a tension device in its upper part, containing on the tubular element a thrust plate, washers and nut, respectively, characterized in that as tubular traction, a set of tubing was used, interconnected by a sleeve having a tapered thread, centralizers were placed in the end parts of the tubular traction, in the lower part the hollow cutting tool is insulated, and in the upper one there is an adapter with a thread, which is connected by a sleeve with a tubular rod and fixed by a tapered thread, the tensioner has a pin as a tubular element, on which there is a hinge made of a set of washers - tapered, placed on the thrust plate, and a spherical placed on a conical washer, a nut placed on a spherical washer.

Description

Utility model - refers to the field of foundation engineering and relates to the design of soil anchor. It can be used for anchoring structural elements and foundations, fixing the walls of pits, for prestressing the soil, when it is necessary to increase the stability of structures by pressing them to the base, or when an external load is required on the soil surface to prevent softening, collapse or bulging of soil masses.

Known soil anchor (AS No. 711234, IPC E02D 5/80, dated 10.31.75,) [1] containing a rod, one end of which is located in the well and rigidly fixed in it in the end part. The other end of the rod is provided with a thrust disc rigidly attached to the rod. A plate is adjacent to the lower surface of the disk, covering the rod and forked wedges directed towards each other with the span of the rod so that they overlap the distance between the plate and the support. The jack creates tension forces by a predetermined amount and fix the anchor in this state with the help of forked wedges, and, if necessary, with a plate placed between the stop and forked wedges.

The device uses as a rod a solid rod made of reinforcing steel, which leads to a rise in the cost of the structure. It is multi-element. The lower part of the rod is not securely fixed using a mechanical device or cement mortar. The use of forked wedges does not always provide preliminary and subsequent thrust in the ground, since it does not guarantee knowledge of the magnitude and duration of the extreme loads on the anchor during installation and their operation, loads that guarantee that the elements of the tensioner retain their elastic properties, especially forked wedges , which leads to deformation of the traction in the gap at the time of tension. The gap cannot be determined in advance and

there is a problem of having a sufficient number of gaskets that select this gap from the support to the thrust disc welded to the rod, which, moreover, is difficult to fix by field welding at the construction site.

Known anchor (AS No. 1281635, IPC E02D 5/80, dated 01.06.84) [2], consisting of a rod with a tip. In the root part, a rod with a tip is sealed at the cement end surrounded by a drainage holder, and along the length of the free extension, into a cement-stone holder. The rod is attached to the structure using a distribution plate and a tension locking device. The length of the freely extendable section of the rod is made with a coating of anticorrosive grease, enclosed in a plastic shell and is in a cage made of hardened cement mortar poured into the well. In the root part, the rod is embedded in the cement stone by means of a tip. But, due to the use of a cement mortar having a small water-cement ratio with the addition of a plasticizer and components that slow down the setting time, the solidification process and the production of cement stone are uncontrollable, since a dry mixture of sand, lime and cement should be moistened, and in the case of dry soil and the presence of a plasticizer with a retarding cement setting in the injection cement mortar, the strength of the dry mix will be insufficient to subsequently retain traction in the well, and fixators to give plastic properties and reduce strength are known. Therefore, plasticized cement stone will not be able to help realize the main property of traction - to have a high bearing capacity.

As a prototype of the claimed utility model, the device of the soil anchor closest in technical essence was selected (A.S. No. 1214843, IPC E02D 5/80, dated June 1, 84) [4], including rod and tubular rods that are coated with anticorrosive grease and protected by plastic shells. The rod rod has a root portion. In the tubular draft holes are made, overlapped by cuffs. The rods are immersed in the well. Upon repeated injection of the cement mortar through the tubular draft, broadening is formed. For better adhesion to cement stone, the tubular rod has transverse dents alternating in height in mutually perpendicular directions. A tension nut is screwed onto the rod head, and a tension nut is screwed onto the tubular rod. The tension nuts rest on the support washers. A tubular element is pressed into the tubular rod in its upper part to reinforce.

The device of the soil anchor is difficult to manufacture and use, since it is material-intensive, complicated by elements. The presence of the rod does not guarantee that the anchor rod will be placed vertically in the well. The technological scheme for installing the anchor is multi-stage with the use of an additional casing and takes a lot of time as a whole. The device is expensive, since the tubular rod in the cemented part is prepared perforated with cuffs above the holes. The use of a solid rod as a continuous thrust complicates the conditions for its placement, especially in deep wells, since both before, during, and after hardening of cement, the rod can be unplanned to deform, which will negatively affect the bearing capacity of the device, significantly reducing it. Installation itself is inefficient, since preliminary drilling of the well is required, placement of the casing pipe, then tie rods that do not have centralizers, cement is supplied through the casing pipe, then through the pipe rod and so on. In the case of a rod deformation, it becomes more difficult to fix the tensioner due to the use of washers that are not able to select the position in the gap and help the nut to fix the rods in tension after tension in case of the rod deformation in the zone of the tensioner.

The objective of the utility model is to simplify the device - soil anchor and simplify installation work, improve the technological process of tensioning the anchor.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a ground anchor, like the known one, including a tubular rod with a protective sheath made of plastic on its side surface, cement stone, rigidly fixing the lower part of the tubular rod, equipped with a tension device in its upper part containing a thrust plate on the tubular element , washers and nut, respectively, according to the invention, as a tubular thrust, a set of tubing is used, interconnected by a sleeve having a tapered thread, at the end hours centralizers are placed at the ends of the tubular rod, a hollow cutting tool is fixed at the bottom, and a threaded adapter is attached at the top, which is connected by a sleeve to the pipe rod and fixed with a tapered thread, the tensioner has a pin as a tubular element on which there is a hinge made from a set washers - conical, placed on the thrust plate, and spherical, placed on the conical washer, the nut is placed on the spherical washer.

A comparative analysis of the claimed device with the prototype showed that the claimed device has a much simpler design without compromising the high bearing capacity of the anchor, because anchor rod is made of only one element - tubular rod. As tubular traction, tubing is used that is ready-made and widely used in drilling equipment - tubing. Since the tubular thrust consists of a set of finished pipes interconnected by couplings having a tapered thread, it is easily mounted as a unit, it can have a significantly longer length, which can be achieved by a rod anchor. Thus, the inventive tubular thrust can be used for deep drilling of wells without critical values of bending deformations both during drilling and during installation.

Due to the redistribution of stresses between pipes, couplings and centralizers, a single tubular traction anchor system is formed, which is responsible for the bearing capacity of the entire anchor device. Unlike the prototype, in which the tension nut rests on the washer, and that - on the thrust plate, and which are placed on the tubular rod, and inside it there is still rod-shaped rod, the claimed device has a set of two washers, conical and spherical, forming a hinge system that allows the tension nut to self-install during the tension of the anchor, regardless of the angle of placement of the anchor relative to the wall of the pit, regardless of the deformation of the stud at the time of tension. The thrust plate has the same possibility, since a yoke is placed between the adapter and this plate. The hairpin is made removable. It is disconnected from the tubular rod through an adapter, which increases the reliability of installation work, because eliminates the need for adverse conditions of tension or operation to completely restore the entire anchor, re-drill the well, etc., increases the maintainability of the elements of the anchor. Through the use of high-strength tubular traction, the installation technology is improved and accelerated, as Operation of drilling wells, installing and fixing anchors in the ground is combined.

The presence in the rod and the cutting tool of the cavity eliminates the need for cementing the lower part of the rod, the soil well in the border area of the anchor with special injection devices or the additional introduction of casing into the well, as in the prototype.

The inventive soil anchor has a "novelty", has significant differences, as a technical solution and is industrially applicable. The utility model was tested in real conditions for fixing the walls of the pit and showed that

the device is reliable in operation. It is planned to introduce it in Perm at ZAO InzhProektStroy and at construction sites in various cities of Russia.

The soil anchor contains a set of pipes 1 ′, 1 ", etc., connected by a sleeve 2 with a conical thread to each other, i.e., finished tubing pipes - tubing (Fig.1-2), used as a tubular tie rod . On pipes 1 ′, 1 ", etc. a protective shell of polymer 3 is put on with a gap before connecting the pipes with couplings.

On the lateral surfaces in the end parts of the set of pipes centralizers 4 are placed in the form of disks with through vertical holes. A hollow cutting tool 5 is fixed at the lower end of the tubular rod, and an adapter 6 with a thread 7 in it is fixed at the upper end. The adapter is fixed on the tubular rod by a coupling 3. In the adapter is fixed a tensioner consisting of a stud 9 on which there is a plate 10, a conical washer 11 and a spherical 12, as well as a tension nut 13 (Fig. 3).

Figure 1 - shows the device in a transport position, in section;

Figure 2 - sectional tubular thrust

Figure 3 - tensioner, in section,

Figure 4 - soil anchor at the time of installation in the soil, in the context

Figure 5 - soil anchor at the time of cementing wells, in the context

Figure 6 - arrangement of soil anchor at the time of tension, in a section.

The device operates as follows.

The tubular rod 1 of the anchor is assembled. To do this, use pipes used in drilling equipment, the so-called tubing (tubing). Pipes 1 ′, 1 ”, etc., 3 meters long, are connected by couplings 2, after placing protective sheaths made of plastic 3 on the pipes with a gap between the sheath and the side surface of the pipe. The pipes are fixed with conical threads in the couplings, forming a tubular rod In front of the couplings, centralizers 4 are placed in the end parts of the tubular rod in the form of disks with through holes, the diameters of which correspond to the diameter of the cutting tool 5, which is hollow and fixed at the end of the lower part of the tubular rod. The cutting tools use a drill bit.

At the end of the upper part of the tubular rod, the adapter 6 is fixed with a coupling on the thread. A thread 7 is made in the adapter. A crimping unit (not shown) is connected to the adapter and a Dwill 830 BB type drilling rig is connected (Fig. 4). The hollow cutting tool with the tubular pull on it is brought into rotation. Drilling in progress

wells with simultaneous installation of an anchor in the ground. Drilling is carried out when air or a weak cement mortar is supplied through a tubular rod and a hollow cutting tool (Fig. 5). Centralizers 4 with a through hole in them keep the anchor installed in the soil in equilibrium and freely pass the cement mortar from bottom to top. After installing a tubular draft anchor in the draft cavity anchor and the cutting tool in the soil, a cement mortar with W / C = 1 is supplied, which fills the well, impregnates the soil in the border area with it. And it pours out through the wellhead out. After that, cement mortar with W / C = 06-0.4 is fed into the well in the same way and held for 0.5 hours, after which pressure testing is carried out by connecting a pressure testing unit (not shown) to the adapter. Pressure testing is carried out under a pressure of 10 atmospheres. Leave the system for 10-14 days for the hardening of cement and the formation of cement stone 8 (figure 5) on the bottom of the tubular rod and a strong adhesive bond of cement to the ground. After 10-14 days, the adapter is fixed by first removing the crimping unit, the tensioner.

To do this, a threaded rod 9 is fixed in the adapter through a yoke mounted on the wall of the pit 14 (Fig.6).

A plate 10 freely placed on the pin 9 is a hinge made of a conical and spherical washers 12, as well as a tension nut 13. Due to the hinge, stress, which often leads to deformation, bending of the pin in the gap between the elements, does not make it difficult to fix the anchor with the washer in the tension fixture. The tubing pipes are made of steel of strength group K, L (GOST 633-80).

The inventive utility model - soil anchor has advantages over the prototype. The device through the use of ready-made and widely used in drilling equipment tubing (tubing) can significantly simplify the assembly, installation and operation of the anchor.

The device significantly improves productivity by combining drilling operations, mounting the anchor in the ground and cementing.

The device is more reliable in operation due to better fixing of the anchor in the soil, the ability to optimally redistribute stress in the tubular rod, and the nut to self-install in the tensioner, regardless of the angle of deviation of the stud at the time of tension.

List of information taken into account.

1. A.S. No. 711234, IPC E02D 5/80, dated 10.31.75, (analog)

2. A.S. No. 1281635, IPC E02D 5/80, dated June 1, 84 (analogue)

3. A.S. No. 1214843, IPC E02D 5/80, dated 01.06.84, (prototype)

Claims (1)

Soil anchor, including a tubular rod with a protective sheath made of plastic on its lateral surface, cement stone, rigidly fixing the lower part of the tubular rod, provided with a tension device in its upper part, containing a thrust plate, washers and nut, respectively, characterized in that as a tubular rod, a set of tubing was used, interconnected by a sleeve having a tapered thread, centralizers were placed in the end parts of the tubular rod, in the lower part the hollow cutting tool is insulated, and in the upper one there is an adapter with a thread, which is connected by a sleeve with a tubular rod and fixed by a tapered thread, the tensioner has a pin as a tubular element, on which there is a hinge made of a set of washers - tapered, placed on the thrust plate, and a spherical placed on a conical washer, the nut is placed on a spherical washer.