RU80922U1 - INTEGRATED AIR AND HEAT MODE SUPPORT SYSTEM AND HOT WATER SUPPLY - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of heating, ventilation and hot and cold water supply. It can be used to create life support systems for predominantly residential buildings. The required technical result, which consists in improving the quality of maintaining the air-thermal regime and economy, is achieved in a system comprising a supply and exhaust ventilation unit, a vent air duct, a supply air duct, supply air distributors equipped with electric heaters, a temperature controller, a supply air intake duct , exhaust air duct, exhaust air duct, cold water pump, cold water riser, from hot water supply for hot water supply, a hot water storage tank equipped with an electric water heater, a temperature sensor, a supply riser for the hot water circulation circuit, a return water riser for the hot water circulation circuit, an electronically controlled speed pump, a control valve, a pressure and temperature sensor, common house cold water flow meter, apartment cold water meter, apartment hot water meter, cold water intake pipe, intake t uboprovod hot water, the sewer riser, riser sewer slabozagreznyayuschih by means of using the hot and cold water, heat pump installation, the water supply conduit to the storage tank hot water drain pump and a storage tank of warm water.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of heating, ventilation and hot and cold water supply. It can be used to create life support systems, mainly residential buildings.

Known systems for supplying the building with heat and cold water, which contain heat and cold water supply pipelines connected to the building, are connected through shut-off valves and, respectively, through cold water pipelines distributing throughout the building and supply and return heat supply pipelines connected to consumers via risers, respectively with cold water mixers connected to the hot water circulation pipe and individual systems ami heating [Designer Handbook. Internal sanitary facilities. Part 1 "Heating, water supply, sewerage", ed. Staroverova I.G. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1975, pp. 70-102].

The disadvantage of the systems is the relatively narrow functionality, since they do not provide for individual metering of water flow.

There are also known systems for supplying buildings with heat and cold water, which contain heat and cold water supply pipelines connected to the building, connected through shut-off valves and, respectively, through a heat meter and water meter to the cold water supply pipelines distributing throughout the building and supply and return heat supply pipelines connected with consumers

through risers, respectively, with cold water mixers connected to the hot water circulation pipe, and individual heating systems [SNiP "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning". SNiP 2.04.05-91. Section 3.15].

These systems also have relatively narrow functionality, since, in particular, they do not provide heating of the supply air during the organization of forced ventilation.

In addition, a system is known that contains heat and cold water supply pipelines connected to the building, connected through shut-off valves and, respectively, through a heat meter and water meter with cold water supply pipelines distributing to the building and supply and return heat supply pipelines connected to consumers via risers, respectively, with cold water mixers connected to the hot water circulation pipe, and each consumer has additional It is additionally equipped with thermo-transforming units installed at the points where consumers are connected to the risers, which are connected, on the one hand, to the heating supply and return risers and a cold water riser, and on the other hand, to an individual heating system and a mixer with a hot water circulation pipe, on which a circulation pump is mounted and an expansion tank, moreover, the thermotransforming unit includes at least two heat exchangers, one of which is one the cavity is connected to the circulation pipe of hot water supply, the other cavity is connected at the inlet and outlet to the supply riser of the heat supply, and the second heat exchanger is connected with the cavity to the mixer and the riser of cold water, and the other cavity at the entrance to the supply riser and the return pipe of an individual heating system but on

the exit - to the return riser of the heat supply [2287743, C1, F24D 3/00, ЕВВ 7/04, 2006.11.20].

The disadvantage of the system is the relatively narrow functionality and the relatively low efficiency of the input energy.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a system containing a circulation pipeline for hot water supply, a cold water supply pipeline connected to the building, connected through a shut-off valve to cold water supply pipelines throughout the building, connected by risers to consumers and to their respective water supply mixers connected to hot water circulation pipe, supply and exhaust system, preliminary and additional heating air heaters, a direct-flow heating water heater, a direct-flow hot water heating water heater, a hot-water storage tank, a supply air duct with a wiring through the supply air building with corresponding exhaust ducts from the consumers, and a exhaust air duct with a wiring through the building of exhaust air with corresponding exhaust ducts from consumers, and also circulating water supply heating instantaneous water heater connected to the heating element pre and additional air heaters, in this case, the supply air duct through the air pre-heater is connected to the supply air inlet of the supply and exhaust unit, the supply air supply of which through the additional air heater is connected to the wiring in the supply air building, the wiring in the exhaust air building is connected with the inlet of the exhaust air of the supply and exhaust unit, the outlet of the exhaust air of which is connected through the outlet of the duct of the exhaust air from Mososphere, instantaneous hot water heater

the water supply is connected by appropriate pipelines to the inlet and outlet of hot water of the hot water storage tank connected to the circulation pipe of the hot water supply, and the outlets of the risers of the cold water supply pipes are connected to the cold water supply of the hot water storage tank [RU 68657 U1 F24D 3/00, Е03В 7/04, 2007.11.27].

In addition, in this system, the hot water storage tank is connected to the hot water circulation pipe through an automatic valve of the hot water circulation pipe, and the direct-flow heating water heater is connected to the circulation water pipe of the heating direct-flow electric heater through an automatic valve.

At the same time, the use of common house and apartment meters for the consumption of cold water, hot water and electric energy is considered well-known.

The disadvantage of the system is the relatively low quality of maintaining the air-thermal regime, since there are no means of guaranteed supply of fresh air to the premises and removal of the removed air. In addition, the system has a relatively low efficiency regarding the use of supplied energy, since it does not ensure the efficient use of the thermal energy of the used air, for example, for pre-heating the supply air, and the use of thermal energy of the discharged water, for example, for pre-heating the water entering the tank hot water battery.

The required technical result is to improve the quality of maintaining the air-thermal regime in the premises and to increase efficiency.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that, in a system containing a supply and exhaust ventilation installation, an air duct

exhaust air, supply air duct, supply air diffusers equipped with electric heaters, temperature controller, intake air intake duct, exhaust air exhaust duct, exhaust air duct from the premises, cold water pump and cold water riser, water outlet to hot water supply, tank a hot water accumulator equipped with an electric water heater, a temperature sensor, a supply riser for the circulation circuit of hot water, a return riser circulation hot water circuit, pump with electronic speed control, control valve, pressure and temperature sensor, common house cold water meter, cold water meter for homes, hot water meter for houses, cold water intake pipe, hot water intake pipe and common sewer the riser, while the cold water intake pipe is connected to the means for using cold water and to the riser of cold water through the apartment’s cold flow meters hot water, the hot water intake pipe is connected to the hot water utilities and to the supply riser of the hot water circulation circuit through the domestic hot water meters, and the cold water main is connected to the cold water riser through the cold water pump and the common house cold water meter, tap cold water for hot water supply is connected to the cold water riser, the hot water storage tank is equipped with an electric water heater and a temperature sensor and is included in the circuit hot water circulation loop, which also includes a hot water circulation riser, a return water riser of a hot water circulation circuit, an electronic speed control pump, a control valve and a pressure and temperature sensor, highly contaminating means for using hot and cold water connected to a common sewer riser ,

a sewer riser for lightly-polluting means for using hot and cold water, a pump for hot waste water, a heat pump installation, a pipeline for supplying water to a hot water storage tank, a drainage pump and a storage tank for warm water were introduced, while a sewer riser for lightly-polluting means for using hot and cold water connected to slightly contaminating means for using hot and cold water and to a storage tank of warm water, which is connected through a drainage pump to a common sewer riser, and through a warm removal water pump - connected to a heat pump installation, which is connected to a cold water outlet for hot water supply, to a common sewer riser and to a pipeline for supplying water to a hot water storage tank, and the supply and exhaust ventilation unit contains a circulation pump, a choke and a compressor with four-way valve for switching operating modes, sequentially installed supply air filter connected to the supply air intake duct, supply air fan a, a heat-removing heat exchanger and a condenser connected to the supply air duct, sequentially installed exhaust air filter, connected to the exhaust air duct, exhaust air fan, heat-releasing heat exchanger and evaporator connected to the exhaust air exhaust duct, while the circulation pump is included in the circuit heat-absorbing and heat-releasing heat exchangers, and a throttle and compressor with a four-way valve are included in the condenser and evaporator circuit Starting the operating mode.

The drawing shows a functional diagram of an integrated system for maintaining the air-thermal regime and hot water for a special case of a multi-storey building with a basement, typical residential floors and a technical floor.

The integrated system for maintaining the air-thermal regime and hot water supply contains a supply and exhaust ventilation unit 1, equipped with a fan 2-1 of exhaust air, a fan 2-2 of supply air, an air filter of 3-1 of supply air, an air filter of 3-2 of exhaust air, heat-removing heat exchanger 4, heat-transferring heat exchanger 5, evaporator 6, condenser 7, compressor, throttle 9, four-way valve 10 for switching operating modes and intermediate heat pump circulation pump 11 the settler.

In addition, the integrated system for maintaining the air-thermal regime and hot water supply includes an exhaust air duct 12, a fresh air duct 13, fresh air distributors 14 equipped with electric heaters 15, a temperature controller 16, a fresh air intake duct 17, a vent air discharge 18, an air duct 19 of air removed from the premises, a cold water pump 20 and a cold water riser 21.

The integrated system for maintaining the air-heat regime and hot water supply also contains a cold water outlet 22 for hot water supply, a hot water storage tank 23 equipped with an electric water heater 24, a temperature sensor 25, a supply riser 26 of the hot water circulation circuit, and a riser 27 of the return water circulation circuit hot water pump 28 with electronic speed control, control valve 29, pressure and temperature sensor 30, common house meter 31 cold water flow, apartment meters 32 and the flow of cold water, room counters 33 hot water flow rate, water intake conduit 34 of cold water, the water inlet pipe 35 and the hot water riser 36 the sewer.

The integrated system for maintaining the air-heat regime and hot water supply also includes a sewer riser 37 of slightly contaminating means for using hot and cold water, a pump 38 for warm removed water, a heat pump unit 39, a pipeline 40 for supplying water to a hot water storage tank, a drain pump 41 and a tank - a storage tank 42 of warm water, while the sewer riser 37 of slightly contaminating means for using hot and cold water is connected to slightly contaminating means for using hot and cold water (n for example, with sinks and bathrooms) and with a storage tank 42 of warm water, which is connected through a drain pump 41 to a common sewer riser 36, and through a pump 38 of warm waste water is connected to a heat pump unit 39, which is connected to a cold water outlet 22 for hot water supply , with a common sewer riser 36 and a pipe 40 for supplying water to the hot water storage tank.

In the supply and exhaust ventilation installation 1, a fresh air filter 3-1 is connected in series, connected to the supply air intake duct 17, a fresh air fan 2-2, a heat-removing heat exchanger 4 and a condenser 7 connected to the fresh air duct 13, an air filter is installed in series 3-2 exhaust air connected to the exhaust air duct 12, exhaust air fan 2-1, heat transfer heat exchanger 5, and an evaporator 6 connected to the exhaust air duct 18 air, in this case, the circulation pump 11 is included in the heat-extracting circuit 4 and heat-transferring heat exchangers 5, and a throttle 9 compressor 8 with a four-way valve 10 for switching operating modes is included in the circuit of the condenser 7 and evaporator 6.

In addition, in the integrated system for maintaining the air-thermal regime and hot water supply, the cold water intake pipe 34 is connected to the cold water riser 21 through the apartment

cold water flow meters 32, a hot water intake pipe 35 is connected to the supply riser 26 of the hot water circulation loop through the hot water flow meters 33, and a cold water main is connected to the cold water riser 21 through the cold water pump 20 and the cold water meter 31 water.

In the integrated system for maintaining the air-thermal regime and hot water supply, the cold water outlet 22 for hot water supply is connected to the cold water riser 21 and to the hot water storage tank 23, which is equipped with an electric water heater 24 and a temperature sensor 25 and is included in the hot water circulation circuit, which also includes a feed riser 26 of the hot water circuit, a riser 27 of the return water of the hot water circuit, an electronic speed control pump 28, which controls a valve 29 and a pressure and temperature sensor 30, and means for using hot and cold water are connected to a common sewer riser 36.

In addition to the above, strongly-polluting means for using hot and cold water (for example, toilet bowls) are connected to a common sewer riser 36, the air duct 19 to be removed from the premises is connected to the air duct 12 to be removed, and the supply air distributors 14 are connected to the supply air duct 13.

In addition, the integrated system for maintaining the air-heat regime and hot water supply can be equipped with automation units with executive bodies and microprocessor-based control of the regimes for maintaining the air-heat environment, rational consumption of resources (cold and hot water, electricity), as well as 2 tariff meters electricity.

It is advisable to install the air ducts of the supply 13 and the air 12 removed in special mines and provide them with sound and thermal insulation.

The main elements and equipment of the integrated system for maintaining the air-thermal regime and hot water supply are located on the technical floor of the building.

All the elements that make up the integrated system of maintaining the air-thermal regime and hot water supply are standard elements of the engineering equipment of residential and industrial buildings.

Works integrated system for maintaining the air-thermal regime and hot water supply as follows.

First we give arguments proving the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed technical solution.

In general, the building’s energy system, which ensures the physical well-being of a person and the receipt of all communal goods, consists of three energy-consuming subsystems:

- septic electrical heating;

- maintaining a comfortable air-thermal environment;

- hot water supply.

Energy requirements for the thermal needs of the building (to maintain the air-heat environment and hot water supply) are covered by thermal energy obtained either from large centralized heat sources (CHP plants, district boiler houses), or in autonomous gas heat generators (for example, in roof boiler rooms).

The main drawback of the current heat-consuming systems in buildings is their low energy efficiency, which is a consequence of significant irreversible heat losses through the building envelope and with the removed air. In addition, the creation of traditional heat supply systems requires large capital expenditures, and their

functioning does not provide the necessary reliability to maintain comfortable sanitary and hygienic parameters.

Improving the efficiency, economy and reliability of the building’s energy system can be achieved by introducing a set of interconnected and interdependent innovations, for example:

- increase the thermal resistance of the external walling;

- using a mechanical (forced) air exchange system;

- ensuring complete recovery of the heat of the removed air, as well as the assimilation of internal heat;

- synergistic integration of the processes of conversion, accumulation and use of energy.

An important component in the implementation of these innovations is the minimization of energy requirements for thermal needs.

In accordance with the heat balance, the amount of heat energy for heating and ventilation (Q _s ), i.e. to maintain a comfortable air-heat environment inside the building is equal to the total amount of thermal energy spent to compensate for heat losses through the building envelope (Q _tp ) and to heat the normatively required volume of external supply air (Q _vent ) minus the amount of heat released inside buildings from equipment, appliances, people (Q _t.vyd ).

In expanded form, this algebraic expression, taking into account the introduction of a mechanical air exchange system with the recovery of energy of the removed air, has the following form:

Q _s = Q + Q _{t.pot vent t.vyd} -Q = S · (t _a -t _n) / R _eff + V · c _p · (t _a -t _n) + (1-λ _rivers) -Q _t.vyd ,

Where:

S is the total area of the external walling;

R _eff is the effective thermal resistance of the outer walling;

t _in and t _n - the temperature of the internal and external air, respectively;

V is the volume of ventilated air;

with _p - specific isobaric heat capacity of air;

λ _rivers - heat recovery ratio exhaust air.

The relevance of the issue of heat recovery of the removed air is due to both a significant energy demand for heating cold supply air and a favorable ratio of temperature levels of the removed and flowing air. The energy carried out by the moist air removed, determined by the difference in enthalpies, is greater than the energy required to heat the dry supply air.

In the above equation, the recovery coefficient λ of the _rivers shows a measure of the depth of energy regeneration in the ventilation system. This means that with λ _rivers = 1, Q _vent = 0 will be provided. This, in turn, means that there is no need for external energy consumption for heating the external supply air (if we consider a typical case when the supply air temperature is lower than required).

The magnitude of the internal heat Q _{soot is} proportional to the degree of electric _{saturation of the} building, the electrical _{equipment of} labor in the household, and population density.

The value of Q _{tpot is} proportional to the heat transfer area S and inversely proportional to the thermal resistance R _{eff of the} external enclosing structures. It follows that, with the right choice (development) of the structures of the external fencing, the value of Q _soot and Q _soot will be equal.

In the ideal case, by selecting the values of λ _rivers and R _eff for unchanged S and Q, _i.e. , Q _ov will be equal to zero, i.e. no heat energy costs are required to maintain a comfortable air-heat environment.

To ensure high-quality utilities while maximizing energy savings through the recovery and

A real integrated system for maintaining the air-thermal regime and hot water supply is proposed.

The integrated system for maintaining the air-thermal regime and hot water supply is a cyclic integrated technology with a steady air flow, which operates in an open circuit. Its task is to constantly update the air in the building and maintain a comfortable thermal environment in it.

In the air exchange system, a predetermined amount of exhaust air is taken from rooms with a high moisture and pollution content: kitchen, toilet, bathroom. This air is then cooled by transferring heat to the supply air.

In the system for maintaining the air-thermal environment, the recovery of "thermal waste" is carried out in two successive stages.

In the first, so-called "passive" stage, due to the spontaneous process of heat transfer, energy is transferred via an intermediate heat carrier from the heating medium (exhaust air) to the heated (supply air). Further heating of the supply air due to a deeper extraction of the energy of the removed air occurs in the heat pump installation (in the second so-called "active" stage).

A recuperative system with an intermediate coolant has the following advantages:

- eliminates the possibility of icing of the removed air in the flow part of the heat exchanger;

- does not require the joint placement of supply and exhaust ducts;

- keeps the energy recovery coefficient unchanged at any outdoor temperature.

In more detail, the work of the proposed integrated system for maintaining the air-thermal regime and hot water supply is as follows.

From the cold water supply main connected to the multi-story building through a cold water pump 20, cold water riser 21 equipped with a common cold water meter 31 receives cold water, which is supplied through cold water intake pipe 34, which is equipped with apartment cold water meters 32 to devices for using cold water (washbasins, bathtubs, etc.).

In addition, using pump 20, cold water is supplied from riser 21 (mainly at night when the building’s electrical load and electricity rates are drastically reduced) to cold water outlet 22 for hot water supply, from where it enters through heat pump unit 39 and pipe 40 to the storage tank 23 hot water in which it is heated using an electric water heater 24.

At the same time, the discharged water from the slightly contaminating means of using hot and cold water, such as sinks and bathtubs, through the sewer riser 37 enters the storage tank 42 of warm water and from there into the heat pump installation 39, in which it is used to preheat the cold water supplied for heating in the storage tank 23 hot water. This saves energy spent for heating water in the storage tank 23 of hot water.

Subsequent consumption of stored hot water is carried out in accordance with demand. Distribution of hot water by consumers is carried out in the traditional way - according to the circuit of the circulation circuit, which in addition to the hot water storage tank 23, which is equipped with an electric water heater 24 and a temperature sensor 25, also includes a supply riser 26 of the hot water circulation circuit, a riser 27 of the return water of the circulation circuit hot

water pump 28 with electronic speed control, a control valve 29 and a pressure sensor 30 and temperature.

Wastewater from highly contaminating means of using hot and cold water from consumers, for example from toilets, enters the common sewer riser 36 for discharging waste water, and from weakly contaminating means, for example, from sinks and bathtubs, through a heat pump unit 39, where the heat energy is discharged by warm water is used to preheat the water entering the hot water storage tank 23.

For pre-heating the supply air to the premises of the building due to the use of heat from the exhaust air, the supply and exhaust ventilation unit 1 is used, equipped with a fan 2-1 of the exhaust air, a fan 2-2 of the supply air, an air filter 3-1 of the supply air, an air filter 3-2 exhaust air, heat-removing heat exchanger 4, heat-transferring heat exchanger 5, evaporator 6, condenser 7, compressor, throttle 9, four-way valve 10 for switching operating modes and circulation Sos 11 intermediate coolant.

The supply air from the atmosphere is heated by means of a heat-extracting heat exchanger 4 with its preliminary filtration with the help of an air filter 3-1 of the supply air and its subsequent forced supply to the living quarters using the supply air fan 2-2. Further, this air is distributed throughout the building using the supply air duct 13 and is supplied to the premises through air distributors 14, which can be equipped with electric heaters 15, which are switched on, as a rule, only in a very cold period.

To remove the exhaust air from the premises of the building, an air duct 19 is used to remove air from the premises. The exhaust air is forced by the exhaust duct 12

it is captured through the filter 3-2 of the exhaust air by the fan 2-1 of the exhaust air and enters the heat transfer heat exchanger 5. To ensure its operation, a circulation pump 11 is used, which is included in the heat-extracting circuit 4 and heat transfer 5 of the heat exchangers included in the supply and exhaust ventilation unit 1 .

The supply air is also heated by means of a condenser 7 and an evaporator 6, the circuit of which includes an inductor 9 and a compressor 8 with a four-way valve 10 for switching operating modes to ensure the operation of the supply and exhaust ventilation unit 1 in the supply air cooling mode.

As follows from the description of the operation of the proposed design of the supply and exhaust ventilation unit 1, its use as a whole reduces the energy consumption for ensuring air exchange. This minimizes irreversible thermodynamic losses. In addition, by improving the known device in the proposed system, it is possible to improve the quality of maintaining the air-thermal regime in the premises of a residential building through the use of means of guaranteed supply of fresh air to the premises and removal of the removed air - fan 2-2 of the supply air and fan 2-1 of the removed air . In addition, by using the heat energy of the removed water from users of hot and cold water to pre-heat cold water for the hot water storage tank, energy is saved to provide hot water.

Claims (1)

An integrated system for maintaining the air-thermal regime and hot water supply, comprising a supply and exhaust ventilation unit, an exhaust air duct, a supply air duct, supply air distributors equipped with electric heaters, a temperature controller, a supply air intake duct, an exhaust air exhaust duct, and an exhaust duct indoor air, cold water pump and cold water riser, hot water drainage, hot water tank of water equipped with an electric water heater, temperature sensor, supplying the riser of the hot water circulation circuit, riser of the return water of the hot water circulation circuit, pump with electronic speed control, control valve, pressure and temperature sensor, common house cold water meter, apartment cold meter water, domestic hot water flow meters, cold water intake pipe, hot water intake pipe and common sewer riser, while the cold water intake pipe is connected to the cold water use means and to the cold water riser through the apartment cold water flow meters, the hot water intake pipe is connected to the hot water use means and to the supply riser of the hot water circulation circuit through the domestic hot water flow meters, and the main pipeline cold water is connected to the cold water riser through a cold water pump and a common house cold water flow meter, the discharge of cold water to hot water The supply is connected to the cold water riser, the hot water storage tank is equipped with an electric water heater and a temperature sensor and enters the hot water circulation circuit, which also includes the hot water circulation riser, the return water riser of the hot water circulation circuit, and a pump with electronic speed control , a control valve and a pressure and temperature sensor, and highly contaminating means for using hot and cold water are connected to a common sewer riser m, characterized in that a sewer riser for lightly-polluting means for using hot and cold water, a pump for warmly removing water, a heat pump installation, a pipeline for supplying water to a hot water storage tank, a drainage pump and a storage tank for warm water are introduced, while the sewer riser for slightly polluting means the use of hot and cold water is connected to slightly polluting means of using hot and cold water and to the storage tank of warm water, which is connected through a drain pump to a common channel a riser riser, and through a warm removal water pump it is connected to a heat pump installation that is connected to a cold water outlet for hot water supply, to a common sewer riser and to a pipeline for supplying water to the hot water storage tank, and the supply and exhaust ventilation unit contains a circulation pump, throttle and compressor with a four-way valve for switching operating modes, sequentially installed supply air filter connected to the supply air intake duct, valve a supply air heater, a heat-removing heat exchanger and a condenser connected to the supply air duct, a sequentially installed exhaust air filter connected to the exhaust air duct, a exhaust air fan, a heat transfer heat exchanger and an evaporator connected to the exhaust air exhaust duct, while the circulation pump is included in a circuit of heat-extracting and heat-releasing heat exchangers, and a throttle and compressor with four hhodovym switching valve operation modes.