RU79652U1 - DRYING UNIT FOR BULK PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed solution relates to devices for drying bulk products and can be used in agriculture for drying grain, as well as in the food industry for drying cereals, for example, rice, coffee beans, cocoa and other bulk products. The main task set by the author of the proposed solution is to expand the functionality of the installation due to the implementation of grain cleaning. This object is achieved in that the installation for drying bulk products, containing a drying chamber, made in the form of a shaft with a loading hopper, inside which inclined grates 7 for moving material are installed, a heat generator 10 and a fan 9 for supplying air to the chamber, is additionally equipped with a cleaning chamber 3 grain and a cyclone to remove dust, moreover, the chamber 3 for cleaning grain through a pipe 13 is connected to the drying chamber and is made in the form of a pair of containers of trapezoidal shape, large bases facing each other to friend. The proposed installation is universal and provides the processing of any material, because for each material in the control unit is set its own program. The installation can perform the following independent functions: ventilation of the premises, for which a fan compartment is provided, heating of large rooms, for which the fan and the furnace are separated from the installation and are used independently. In addition, for cleaning grain (without drying), the fan and the cleaning system can be separated from the rest of the installation. In this case, in the operating mode, only grain cleaning occurs. If it is necessary to completely process the grain, all the links of the plant work. The latter can be performed both mobile and stationary.

Description

The proposed technical solution relates to installations for drying bulk products and can be used in agriculture for drying grain, as well as in the food industry for drying various cereals, for example, rice, as well as for drying legumes, coffee beans, cocoa and many other bulk products .

Modern methods of grain pretreatment include various processes, such as grain cleaning, drying and cooling. To implement these processes, various units have been created that either clean the grain, or dry or cool it.

Attempts are also known to create installations combining various technological operations. However, at present, we are not aware of plants that would allow for complete preliminary processing of grain in one unit in a single technological cycle.

Known installation described in the patent of Russian Federation No. 2151983, IPC F26B 3/08, decl. 03/17/1998, publ. 06/27/2000 (on page 3 of the description of the patent the construction of the installation is shown, its drawing is given in figure 1).

The drying chamber of the known installation includes a housing shaft with a loading neck. Two-channel and three-channel boxes are mounted in the casing, the perforated surface of which forms inclined gratings. Between the walls of the housing and the ends of the air ducts there are grooves. In the walls of the housing there are windows for the removal of waste coolant.

The disadvantages of the known installation are its structural complexity, low efficiency due to large heat losses, the inability to control the drying time.

The well-known "Method of drying bulk materials", application for invention No. 2007143681 from 26.11. 2007, in the description of which the installation is intended for the implementation of this method.

The installation comprises a loading device, a shaft with a drying chamber, inside of which inclined gratings are installed to move bulk material. At the top of the shaft is a drying section. A fan is installed under the shaft, and dividers are mounted in its lower part, through which the air supplied from the fan is evenly distributed over the shaft section. Air passing from bottom to top through the nets transfers the bulk material into a fluidized state. The lower inclined gratings are located on the cooling section of the material, which is located in the same shaft under the drying section and is intended for partial use of heat from heated grain. The installation also contains a heat generator designed to heat the air.

The disadvantages of this installation include the fact that its design does not provide for the possibility of cleaning bulk product, which, among other things, can lead to clogging of holes in the grates and reduce the efficiency of the drying process.

The main task set by the author of the proposed technical solution is to expand the functionality of the installation due to the purification of bulk product.

This goal is achieved in that the installation for drying bulk products, containing a drying chamber, made in the form of a shaft with a loading tray, inside which there are inclined grilles for moving material, a heat generator and a fan for supplying air to the chamber, is additionally equipped with a grain cleaning chamber and a cyclone for dust removal, moreover, a grain cleaning chamber

through the duct connected to the drying chamber and made in the form of a pair of containers of trapezoidal shape, large bases facing each other.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where:

Figure 1 presents a photograph of the current layout of the installation. Figure 2 shows a photograph of the layout of the camera cleaning grain.

The installation contains: a grain loading hopper 1 (not visible in the photograph 1), pneumatic elevator 2 for moving material from the loading hopper to the grain cleaning chamber 3, a pipeline 4 with a cyclone for removing impurities and debris; a pipeline 5 for supplying pure grain to the drying chamber 6, which is a rectangular shaft, consisting of a drying section and a cooling section, inclined screens 7, on which both drying and cooling of the grain are carried out in the fluidized bed mode; an outlet device 8 for outputting chilled grain; a fan 9 for supplying cold air, a heat generator (furnace) 10, a device 11 for adjusting the angle of inclination of the nets 7, a pipe 12 for supplying hot air from the heat generator 10 to the drying section, a pipe 13 for supplying air after drying to the grain cleaning chamber 3, bypass devices 14 (not shown in FIG. 1).

Installation works as follows:

Air is supplied by a fan 9 to the shaft of the drying chamber 6 to the cooling section, under the bottom grid 7 of the shaft. Part of the air from the fan 9 goes to the heat generator 10, from where it passes through the pipe 12 to the lower part of the drying chamber 6 below the grid 7, where the hot air from the heat generator 10 is mixed with the main air flow passing through the lower grid 7 of the cooling chamber. The working agent passes from bottom to top through the inclined mesh 7 of the drying chamber 6, on which convective drying of the grain in the fluidized bed mode takes place. The residence time of the grain in the drying chamber 6

is regulated by changing the angle of inclination of the grids 7, using the control device 11, the signals to which are received moisture sensors 15, input and output. The working agent after the drying chamber 6 through the pipe 13 enters the pneumatic elevator 2, which feeds grain from the receiving hopper 1 into the chamber 3 for cleaning grain. In the latter, the separation of impurities takes place, which are discharged from the unit through a pipe 4 with an output cyclone, and the cleaned grain passes through a pipe 5 to the upper part of the drying chamber 6 on the upper grids 7, where active drying in the fluidized bed takes place.

Grain moving under the action of gravity along the inclined mesh, through the bypass device 14 enters the lower mesh 7 of the drying chamber 6, where the drying process of the grain continues, and then through the lower bypass device 14 enters the mesh of the cooling section. When moving along the bottom grid, the grain is cooled to the temperature of the cold air coming from the fan 9, and at the same time there is a process of drying the grain. Thus, the drying process of grain occurs not only in the drying chamber, but already in the cleaning chamber, the working agent carries out the initial drying of grain, which occurs more actively in the drying chamber and ends in the cooling section. At the same time, the same working agent is used at all stages of grain processing, which significantly increases the efficiency of the installation.

The proposed installation is universal and provides the processing of any material, since the grids 7 in the shaft 6 can be changed to the desired material, and a program is set for the new material in the control unit. The installation is multifunctional and can perform the following independent functions:

1. Ventilation of rooms. To do this, the fan is separated from the installation and, when mounted on wheels, can be delivered to the desired room.

2. Heating of large rooms. For this, the fan and the firebox are jointly separated from the installation and can be used independently.

3. Grain cleaning (without drying). The fan and the cleaning system can be separated from the rest of the installation. In this case, in the operating mode, only grain cleaning occurs.

4. Complete grain processing. In this mode, the areas for loading cleaning, drying and cooling grain work.

Installation can be performed both in a stationary version, and mobile.

Claims (1)

Installation for drying bulk products, containing a drying chamber, made in the form of a shaft with a loading chute, inside which there are inclined gratings for moving material, a heat generator and a fan for supplying air to the chamber, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a grain cleaning chamber and a cyclone for removal dust, and the grain cleaning chamber by means of an air duct is connected to the drying chamber and is made in the form of a pair of trapezoidal containers, with large bases facing each other.