RU76987U1 - PNEUMATIC HYDRAULIC UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to pneumohydraulic units and can be used as an alternative and environmentally friendly converter of low potential thermal energy of the aquatic environment or water discharged from nuclear power plants into water bodies into electrical energy. Pneumohydraulic unit, by converting the energy of compressed air passed through the aqueous medium, selects low-potential thermal energy of water, creates a directed lifting force of the air-water medium and converts the movement of the water-air medium in cylindrical cases into mechanical rotation of the turbine and electric current generator. The pneumatic-hydraulic unit allows you to convert the energy of compressed air, to utilize the low-potential energy of water discharged from nuclear power plants into water bodies, does not require a high-level reservoir, while the temperature of the aquatic environment decreases, it improves the ecology and gas composition of the water due to its saturation with oxygen, and also allows the use of solar thermal energy and heat energy stored in water and air. The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the pneumohydraulic unit comprising a cylindrical body connected to a compressed air source with a hydraulic turbine mounted to rotate on a vertical axis, characterized in that it contains at least two cylindrical bodies conoidally connected to each other by a collector, in each of the cylindrical bodies placed hydro-turbine with an electric current generator, and the first cylindrical body is made with the possibility of Aci therethrough of compressed air from the bottom, the second cylindrical body at the top is provided with guide vanes, the function of which is tangential water supply to the hydraulic turbine of the second hydraulic unit.

Description

Application area

The utility model relates to pneumohydraulic units and can be used as an alternative and environmentally friendly converter of low-potential thermal energy of an aqueous medium discharged from a nuclear power plant into water bodies, and also allows the use of solar energy and heat energy stored in water and air into electrical energy.

State of the art

It is known from theory and practice that a hydraulic unit with an axial propeller hydraulic turbine containing a flow part of the housing, with an impeller placed in it with the possibility of rotation, connected by a shaft to a generator. This hydraulic unit uses the potential energy of the water of a high-level reservoir through its impact on the impeller blades. However, in this hydraulic unit, the turbine converts only the mechanical energy of the water, and the selection of the thermal energy of the water is not used.

Also known from theory and practice is a hydraulic unit with a diagonal-axial hydraulic turbine, the impeller blades of which are located at an acute angle to the vertical axis and use the mechanical energy of water from a high-level tank. In this hydraulic unit, the efficiency (coefficient of performance) for this turbine is higher than in the previous version, but this hydraulic unit scheme does not use the thermal energy stored in the water.

A well-known hydraulic unit (see N. Shchapov, Turbine equipment of hydroelectric power stations, M., -L., Gosenergoizdat, 1961, p. 281-283, Fig. 16-24), in which the impeller is rotationally driven from the upward flow water, and the guide vane is below the impeller, the suction guide vane is above the impeller. The design of the hydraulic unit allows the most complete use of the energy of the water due to some increase in the water column above the impeller, which increases the efficiency of the hydraulic unit. In this unit, increased efficiency is achieved

due to the most complete use of water pressure. But in this case also, the thermal energy stored in the water is not used.

Known "Energy-extracting pneumohydraulic turbine" (RF patent No. 212,058), containing an axial propeller impeller mounted in a housing located in a container with water or a reservoir connected to a source of compressed air. This device does not require a high-level tank and converts the energy of compressed air. But even in this case, the thermal energy stored in the water and the lifting force of the water-air mixture, which increases with vertical upward movement due to the expansion of air bubbles in the process of taking thermal energy out of the water and lowering the static pressure, are also not fully used.

Known "Pneumohydraulic turbine" (RF patent N 2170364) is characterized by an increased number of impellers connected by a gear transmission with a vertical shaft outside the turbine housing. This solution is chosen as a prototype.

Pneumohydraulic turbine contains a cylindrical body having a drain and fill pipe connected to a source of compressed air. A turbine is fixed above the bottom of the casing with a gap between the casing walls. In the turbine housing on the vertical axis are rotatably mounted impellers connected by a gear transmission with a vertical shaft located outside the turbine housing. The shaft is connected to the generator. But, this device requires a complex kinematic scheme for combining turbine wheels, namely: a distributed gearbox, which is placed in an aqueous medium, requires a complex design solution, technological holes in the body of a pneumohydraulic turbine, a complex maintenance system, reduces the reliability of the device, and reduces the efficiency of the device.

The objective of the utility model is to create a pneumohydraulic unit that converts the energy of compressed air, the thermal energy of the aquatic environment, the kinetic energy of the water-air and water flows, while improving the gas composition of the water by saturating it with atmospheric oxygen and increasing the KDP.

Effect: pneumohydraulic unit allows for the conversion of energy of compressed air passed through an aqueous medium,

to carry out the selection of low-potential thermal energy of water, creates a directed lifting force of the water-air medium and converts the movement of the water-air medium in cylindrical bodies into mechanical rotation of the turbine and electric current generator. The pneumatic-hydraulic unit allows you to convert the energy of compressed air, to utilize the low-potential energy of water discharged from nuclear power plants into water bodies, does not require a high-level reservoir, while the temperature of the aquatic environment decreases, it improves the ecology and gas composition of the water due to its saturation with oxygen, and also allows the use of solar thermal energy and heat energy stored in water and air.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of the device of a pneumohydraulic unit, where: 1 - Switching and control unit, 2 - Compressor, 3 - Tank, 4 - Water level, 5 - Current generator of the first hydraulic unit, 6 - Shaft of the first hydraulic unit, 7 - Hydroturbine of the first hydraulic unit, 8 - First cylindrical body, 9 - Air duct, 10 - Air separator, 11 - collector, 12 - Current generator of the second hydraulic unit, 13 - Electrical output circuit of the current generator of the first hydraulic unit, 14 - Electric output circuit of the current generator of the second hydraulic unit, 15 - Reducto alternator second hydraulic unit 16 - guide vane of the second cylindrical body with a tangential inlet of water into the second cylindrical body 17 - Turbine second hydraulic unit 18 - second cylindrical body 19 - Val second hydraulic unit 20 - Filler neck, 21 - drain spout.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of a guide vane with tangential water inlet into the second cylindrical body, where 22 is a Hydroturbine.

Utility Model Implementation

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the pneumohydraulic unit comprising a cylindrical body connected to a compressed air source with a hydraulic turbine mounted to rotate on a vertical axis, characterized in that it contains at least two cylindrical bodies conoidally connected to each other by a collector, in each of the cylindrical bodies placed a hydraulic unit - a turbine with an electric current generator, and the first cylindrical body is made with the possibility of testify through

bottom of the compressed air, the second cylindrical body in the upper part is equipped with a guide apparatus, the function of which is the tangential supply of water to the turbine of the second hydraulic unit.

In the proposed pneumohydraulic unit, it is essential that it does not require a high-level tank. The resulting ascending water-air flow in the first cylindrical body leads to a decrease in hydraulic pressure in it, which leads to the flow of water along the collector, conoidally connecting the cylindrical bodies, from the second to the first cylindrical body and, accordingly, to the flow through the guide apparatus of the second cylindrical body equal amount of water to the turbine of the second hydraulic unit.

In the proposed pneumohydraulic unit, in the first cylindrical body, an upward water-air flow acting on the hydraulic turbine of the first hydraulic unit is created as a result of displacement and overflow of displaced water, cooled in a thermally insulated expansion system of the compressor, expanding the volume of air. A change in air volume — an increase in the volume of bubbles — occurs as a result of its heating (heat removal from the aqueous medium) and a decrease in hydraulic pressure as air bubbles rise. The resulting upward flow of the water-air mixture is converted by hydraulic turbine into mechanical energy and, by a current generator, the mechanical energy of rotation is converted into electrical energy. In this case, the heat taken by air from the aqueous medium creates an upward water-air flow with kinetic energy in an amount greater than the energy expended in compressing the air in the compressor (the isothermal efficiency of the compressor does not exceed 0.6).

Compensation of the volume of water displaced by the incoming and expanding air into the first cylindrical body is replaced by an equal amount of water coming from the second cylindrical body through a conoidally connected manifold, where the hydrostatic pressure is two times higher than in the first cylindrical body. In this case, the kinetic energy of the movement of water in the second cylindrical body is converted by a hydraulic turbine of the second hydraulic unit, and the mechanical energy of rotation of the hydraulic turbine is converted by the current generator of the second hydraulic unit.

Through the guide apparatus 16 (see Figure 2), located in the upper part of the second cylindrical body, the hydraulic turbine 22 tangentially flows water into

volume equal to the volume flowing through the collector conoidally connecting the first and second cylindrical bodies and equal to the volume of water displaced from the first cylindrical body.

The water flow flowing through the second cylindrical body and the collector conoidally connecting the first and second cylindrical bodies of the pneumohydraulic unit is determined from the condition that Q = V _K , where V _K is the volume of air after ascent, which is equal to

V _k = V _H (1 + t ₁ -t _2/273) · P

where V _H is the capacity of the source of compressed air at the outlet of the expansion system, m ³ / s; t ₁ - water temperature, ° C; t ₂ - air temperature ° С, taking into account the decrease in temperature when the pressure drops in the expansion system (about 24 ° С per 1 atm.), which allows you to build power plants in shallow reservoirs without a high-level reservoir (reservoir) and effectively carry out the selection of thermal energy from the aquatic environment; P is the pressure coefficient - (Nm: 10 m = 1).

The speed of water movement along the collector conoidally connecting the first and second cylindrical bodies is determined by the well-known hydraulics formula (Kudinov V.A., Kartashov E.M., Hydraulics, - M, Vyssh. Shk., 2006, 175 s; ill., p. 164-167).

,

Where

H1 is the height of the water head in the first cylindrical body,

H2 is the height of the water head in the second cylindrical body,

Pneumohydraulic unit (see Figure 1) contains: a switching and control unit 1 connected to an external electrical network for the initial start-up of compressor 2, a compressor start circuit 2 connecting the compressor 2 and a switching and control unit 1, electrical output circuit 13 of the current generator 5 of the first hydraulic unit, electric output circuit 14 of the current generator 12 of the second hydraulic unit, the circuit for connecting external consumers of electric energy to the switching and control unit 1; reservoir 3 with filler 20 and drain 21 necks, water level 4 in reservoir 3; the output of the compressed air expander of the compressor 2 is connected by an air duct 9 to a separator 10 of the first cylindrical body 8, inside which a hydraulic turbine 7 is located on the shaft 6 of the first hydraulic unit attached to

current generator 5; the collector 11 is conoidally connected to the first cylindrical body 8 and the second cylindrical body 18, which in the upper part is connected to the guide apparatus 16 of the second cylindrical body; a hydraulic turbine 17 is placed on the shaft 19, which is connected through a gearbox 15 to the current generator 12 of the second hydraulic unit.

During the operation of the pneumohydraulic unit, the air from the outlet of the compressed air expander of the compressor 2 through the duct 9 enters the separator 10, where air is crushed into a larger number of air bubbles, it most fully removes the heat from the water stored during ice melting (latent heat of fusion equal to 80 cal / g ), selected by the cooling system during compression of the air or another source of hot water, for example, coming through the filler neck 20 of the tank 3, and, increasing in volume, the bubbles also increase the buoyancy force, in displaces water from the first cylindrical body 8 with a larger volume than if water were supplied under a column of water and at an efficiency equal to 1, an amount of energy equal to expended could be obtained (principle of a pumped storage power plant), while replacing flowing water through the upper cut the first cylindrical body 8, through the collector 11, conoidally connecting the first cylindrical body 8 and the second cylindrical body 18 from the second cylindrical body 18 receives an equal amount of displaced water volume, acting to a hydraulic turbine 7 of the first hydraulic unit, bringing the shaft 6 into rotation, and, accordingly, the current generator 5.

The water flow from the second cylindrical body 18 through the collector 11 is compensated by the flow of water through the guide apparatus 16 of the second cylindrical body 18, which leads to a hydraulic effect on the hydraulic turbine 17 of the second hydraulic unit, the rotational movement of the hydraulic turbine 17 is transmitted through the shaft 19 and the gear 15 to the current generator 12 of the second hydraulic unit .

In this case, the vector of movement of water coming from the guide apparatus 16 into the second cylindrical body 18 is composed of two component vectors:

tangential velocity vector - V _KR ,

vertical velocity vectors - V _B ,

vector of total speed - V _C ,

Thus, in the claimed technical solution "pneumatic-hydraulic unit" at a fixed cost to create the lifting force of the air-water mixture

Compared with the prototype, it has the technical capabilities to at least almost double the production of electric.

Based on a typical methodology for assessing the energy capabilities of hydraulic units, we evaluate the resulting energy result on the prototype.

For the prototype, the force acting on the hydraulic turbine 7 of the first hydraulic unit from below is equal to the force of attraction of a unit mass of water and equal to the force of pushing out a unit volume of supplied air.

The power calculation is carried out according to the formula for calculating the power of a hydraulic turbine, when in a weight equivalent at a water density of 1000 kg / m ³ and buoyancy force 1 m ³ = 1000 kgf 9.81 · Q is the force applied for a second.

Power is determined by the formula:

N = 9.8 · Q · H · η,

where 9.81 m / s ² - acceleration of gravity; Q is the flow rate of water, m ³ / s; N - pressure, m; η - efficiency (efficiency), N - power in kW.

It is easy to see that the estimate of the energy capacity obtained on the hydraulic turbine 17 of the inventive pneumohydraulic unit can also be estimated by the above formula.

It should be noted that the losses caused by the change in the kinetic moment of the moving water medium from the second cylindrical body 18 through the conoidal interface with the collector 11, conoidally connected to the first cylindrical body 8 depends on the diameter and length of the collector. In our case, with dimensions exceeding tens of centimeters, for example, 100 cm, losses can be neglected (Kudinov V.A., Kartashov E.M., Gidravlika, - M, Vyssh. Shk., 2006.175 s; ill., P. 164-167). The technical and economic effect of the claimed technical solution of the pneumohydraulic unit is also obvious, with the cost of a compressor unit equal to the cost of the prototype compressor, electric energy is produced twice as much.

Compressor characteristic.

The source of compressed air is a piston compressor VP2-10 / 9.

Cost - 20,000 USD

Productivity - 0.167 m3 / s.

Final pressure, MPa - 0.9 (9 Atmospheres).

The power on the compressor shaft is 56.5 kW.

The cost of a propeller type hydraulic unit is 350 U.E. per 1 kW of electric power.

The cost of a hydraulic unit with a capacity of 50 kW, respectively, will be 17500 U.

The cost of structural elements of the fastening and the tank is 5500 U.E.

Assessment of the cost of the prototype.

20000 + 17500 + 5500 = 43000 U.E.

The generated electric energy is 50 kW.

The unit cost of the prototype per 1 kW is 43000/50 = 860 U.E.

Estimated cost of the inventive pneumohydraulic unit.

20000 + 17500 + 17500 + 5500 = 60500 U.E.

The generated electric energy is 100 kW.

The unit cost of the inventive pneumohydraulic unit per 1 kW - 60500/100 = 605 U.E.

The characteristic of the pneumohydraulic unit.

The first cylindrical body will be determined with a water column height of 2 m and we will determine the required power of the compressor engine to supply air under this column of water, taking into account atmospheric pressure, based on the compressor technical data:

N = (2 m 56.5 kW) / (90 m + 10 m) = 1.13 kW

At the entire installation height, an upward flow of the water-air mixture will be observed, in which the buoyancy force, independent of the body immersion depth, allows you to place at least 5 impellers - turbines. The energy regime of the proposed hydraulic turbine proceeds under more favorable conditions than in the well-known Erlift pump, since water flows below the water level in the turbine, that is, in conditions close to zero gravity, without significant water rise in the turbine body, which the pump consumes the bulk of the energy.

We take the turbine efficiency equal to 0.9. In this case, the power is equal to:

N = 9.81 · 0.167 · 2 · 5 · 0.9 = 14.7 kW

Thus, the energy obtained is 13 times the energy expended: 14.7 kW / 1.13 kW = 13

Without loss of generality of reasoning, we assume that the power obtained on the second hydraulic turbine 17 of the hydraulic unit has the same value - 14.7 kW.

Thus, the resulting power based on the inventive pneumohydraulic unit will be 29.4 kW of electric energy.

Feasibility can be determined through the payback period of the prototype options and the inventive pneumohydraulic unit, as well as in the use of virtually finished energy in an environmentally friendly and cheap way.

Estimate the payback period of the prototype.

Tariff - 0.054 U.E. per 1 kW (approximately 1 rub. 20 kopecks per 1 kW)

Number of hours in a year 8760 hours

The payback period of the prototype will be

43000 / (8760 × 0.054 × 50) = 1.8 years.

The payback period of the claimed pneumohydraulic unit will be 60500 / (8760 × 0.054 × 100) = 1.28 years.

The advantage of the inventive pneumohydraulic unit over the prototype is obvious both in terms of payback period and in the electric energy produced (twice as much electric energy is produced as the prototype) based on environmentally friendly technology that improves water quality, reduces its temperature and improves the microclimate of the territory.

Claims (1)

Pneumohydraulic unit containing a cylindrical body connected to a source of compressed air with a hydraulic turbine mounted for rotation on a vertical axis, characterized in that it contains at least two cylindrical bodies conoidally connected to each other by a collector, a hydraulic unit - a hydro turbine with an electric current generator, wherein the first cylindrical body is configured to supply compressed air through it from below, the second cylindrical to rpus in the upper part is provided with guide vanes, the function of which is tangential water supply to the hydraulic turbine of the second hydraulic unit.