RU7695U1 - MOTOR GRADER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A motor grader comprising a frame resting on a biaxial driving and front steered axles, a power plant, a cabin with a control panel and a driver’s seat, working bodies as part of a blade on a turntable, a front bulldozer and a cultivator, mounting the drive wheels on the rear axle axles by means of hubs with their landing on a conical or spline surface and the transmission of torque and braking torque from the axle shaft to the hub by means of a key or spline connection, service brakes in a hydraulic version boards without equipment for the brake system with a hydraulic accumulator, centering gears in pairs: the gear ring of the turntable - the drive gear of the rotary gearbox using special adjustment plates, the lever system for controlling the fuel supply lever, control the spool valves of the valve using lever systems, and the connection of the valve on the cab with actuators on the frame by means of high pressure hoses, as part of the power unit, a special box for changing driver with the output of the flanges under the cardan shafts connecting the gearbox with the crankshaft of the engine and the drive axle, in one direction, characterized in that the axles of the drive wheels of the rear axle of the machine are forged (or welded) along with the flanges directly on which the brake drums are mounted and disks of driving pneumatic tire wheels, with bearings mounted on the end of the axle shaft opposite the flange, which absorb both radial and axial loads in both directions, closer to the flange is a double-row self-aligning bearing

Description

DESCRIPTION OF A USEFUL MODEL

1. FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY TO WHICH A USEFUL MODEL IS.

A utility model is claimed - the constructive implementation of the motor grader as a whole and its components as a means of production.

The motor grader belongs to road-building equipment and is intended for excavation and profiling, construction and maintenance of roads and can be used at work

on the movement and distribution of soil and road-building materials, the planning of slopes, excavations, embankments, the installation of troughs and side ditches, and the removal of snow from roads.

The design of the motor grader is shown schematically in FIG. one.

The main power frame 1 with its submotor part 2 rests on a biaxial drive axle 3, the spinal part 4 of the main frame 1 rests on a front steered bridge.

Submotor 2 and spinal 4 parts of the power frame 1 can be connected to each other rigidly or by means of a hinge 6. In the latter case, such a connection allows the said parts to rotate in plan relative to each other at a certain angle. This technique is used on cleaning passages when profiling the roadway and the distribution of building materials: there are no traces of the wheels of the rear drive axle on the canvas.

On the under-engine part 2 of the power frame 1 are attached: power unit 7, cultivator 8, cab 9. In the cab there are: a console with control valves for spool valves 10, a driver's seat and a fuel control pedal 11, other controls for the working bodies and machine components. On the spinal part of the frame 4 by means of hydraulic cylinders 12 are suspended: slave

MOTOR GRADER

IPC E02RZ / 76 per organ - blade - 13 and bulldozer 14.

2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The development of the claimed utility model is based on the constructive solution of the machine as a whole and of a number of components of the DZ-143 motor grader, mass-produced by Bryansk Arsenal JSC since 1985 (address: 98, Kalinina St., 241000, Bryansk.

As the bibliographic data of the source of information about the DZ-143 analogue grader, you can cite the DZ-143 catalog of parts and assembly units of the DZ-143 motor grader, publisher Zapchastexport USSR /

Moscow, 1985 Graphic copies (photocopies) from the above-mentioned catalog with the signs of an analogue that coincide with the essential features of the claimed useful modedy are attached to the application. Other documents are indicated in the column - on 10 pages.

The well-known grader - an analogue of DZ-143 is characterized by the following design flaws:

2.1. Torque and braking moments on the driving wheels of the rear axle at the final stage of the kinematic chain from the engine crankshaft to the drive wheel at DZ-143 are transmitted through the bevel gear shaft of the final drive and the wheel hub, on which the brake drum and the disk of the air-wheel wheel are fitted, using a prismatic key . In operation, the motor grader, as a rule, makes shuttle movements with frequent turning on of the reverse, the mating parts at the junction of the semi-axis - key-hub wear out quickly, which leads to frequent repairs with the replacement of parts.

2.2, The DZ-143 analogue is equipped with hydraulic brakes. The hydraulic brake booster efficiently only works when the motor grader is running. Hydraulic accumulator or other device that allows braking with stalled

- 2 by engine / on the mentioned machine is absent, which leads to the emergence of prerequisites for emergency situations.

. The working body of the grader - the blade in operation can be rotated 360 ° relative to the traction frame.

The toothed crown of the turntable of the DZ-143 analog is exposed on the traction frame, adjustable and fixed relative to the gear of the rotary worm gear using 3 or 4: special plates. The plates are pressed to the frame body by bolts. The main load from the cutting forces is perceived by two front plates. Due to the small contact surfaces of the plates

intensive wear occurs / the adjustment in the gear engagement is violated: the teeth of the gears of the rotary gearbox and the crown of the turntable are contacted not along pitch circles, but along the heads of the teeth, which leads to their rapid wear and even breakage.

2.4. In a classic motor grader, the engine is located behind the driver. The fuel lever is controlled from the driver's cab with a foot pedal. As a rule, the fuel supply lever on the engine and the pedal in the driver's cab cannot be placed in the same plane in the plan. In addition, there is a need for a system of levers to bypass the fuel and oil tanks - they are also behind the driver’s back — to lower themselves under the cab floor, the driver controls the foot pedal with the fuel lever, whose lower arm is under the floor. In the DZ-143 analogue, the kinematic chain from the lever on the engine to the pedal under the driver’s foot is complicated by the presence of articulated joints in rods, forks, brackets. Due to the backlash in the hinges, the pedal travels with delay until it reaches the fuel supply lever. This leads to the fact that the engine reacts asynchronously to the actions of the driver for controlling the fuel supply lever: the pedal’s free travel is large, which

- 3-complicates the dynamic control of engine speed.

2.5. For motor graders with a classic design for controlling the functions of the working bodies and units of the machine itself - the tilt of the front wheels, the fracture of the articulated frame - is carried out using hydraulics. The handles that control the spool valves / are located in the cab of the grader. The motor grader’s cab fluctuates relative to the spinal part of the main frame due to the presence of elastic shock absorbers in the system for attaching the cab to the under-motor part of the frame. In addition, in an embodiment of the articulated design of the frame, its sub-engine part on which the cab is mounted

rotates at a certain angle relative to the spinal part of the frame (see Fig. 1). The hydraulic lines at the location of the hinge must be flexible and ensure the flow of oil from pumps located on the submotor frame to the pipelines on the spine. Y. of the DZ-143 analogue, this is achieved by arranging the control valves on the front wall of the cab and connecting them to pipelines, on the spine frame with high pressure sleeves. The block of distributors / distributors, there are several distributors in the block, in addition to increasing the number of connections in hydraulic circuits, which in itself is undesirable from the point of view of ensuring the tightness of pipelines at the joints / blocks the view for the operator of the main dump area.

2.6. For an analogue grader .PZ-143, the gearbox (gearbox) is connected to the engine and the rear axle according to the engine-cardan shaft-gearbox-second reverse driveshaft-rear drive axle scheme.

At the same time, the gearbox has input and output shaft flanges / directed towards the shank of the engine crankshaft and the drive axle of the grader.

 4 torques and the provision of the entire range of operating and transport speeds satisfy the requirements for gearboxes of medium and heavy graders, but due to the lack of an output shaft with a flange / directed towards the leading rear axle, this scheme has not received distribution.

3. ESSENCE OF A USEFUL MODEL.

The purpose of this constructive development is to create a new model of a motor grader that combines the high technical level required for products of this class with improved operating conditions, management, maintenance, and increased competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets.

The drawbacks of the analogue listed above (section 2), which reflect the structural characteristics of the machine at a relatively low technical level, are eliminated by the present application by introducing into the machine / a number of design developments - essential features - the combination of which is sufficient to achieve the technical results provided by the useful model.

In FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of a motor grader;

In FIG. 2 is a section along AA in FIG. 1 (section through the attachment site of the driving wheel of the rear axle on the axle shaft of the final drive);

In FIG. 3 - pneumatic - hydraulic brake circuit;

In FIG. 4 is a view B in FIG. 1 (plan view of the main working body of the grader - dump);

In FIG. 5 is a section along BE in FIG. 4 (sectional view showing the centering of the turntable together with the ring gear relative to the support rim of the traction frame and the drive gear of the rotary gearbox);

. - 5 firs.

In FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a power unit of a motor grader using a serial power unit of a truck.

Below are descriptions of each of the essential features of a utility model, the introduction of which in the design of the grader can eliminate the disadvantages of the analogue and achieve a given technical result.

3.1. The constructive implementation of the semi-axles of the driving wheels of the rear axle of the motor grader at the same time with the flanges for mounting the brake drums and disks of the pneumatic tires "as an essential feature

utility model.

The axle shaft 15 (see Fig. 2, section AA in Fig. 1) of the final drive ends with a flange 16, made at the same time as the semi-axis by stamping, forging on horizontal forging machines or in a welded version. The brake drum 17 and the pneumatic tire wheel 18 are mounted directly on the flange 16. There is no wheel hub / as such in this design, respectively, there is no problem of transmitting torque with a key or splines, nor is the problem of landing the hub on the axle shaft itself. Mounting the axle shaft with a flange in the gearbox - balancer is carried out as follows. At the end of the semiaxis, opposite the flange, bearings are mounted that absorb both radial and axial loads in both directions, closer to the flange is a two-row self-aligning bearing that accepts only radial load. The introduced design development increases the reliability of the machine as a whole, reduces repair costs.

3.2. The constructive implementation of the brake system of the motor grader in the pneumatic-hydraulic version, as an essential feature of the utility model.

- b motor grader runs provided by the setting of pneumatic-hydraulic brakes. This design provides for the equipment of the power plant of the machine with an air compressor 19 (see the diagram in Fig. 3). Compressed air, passing through the air preparation unit 20, is divided into three independent circuits by a triple protective valve 21 and supplied to three separate receivers 22. If one of two or three of the circuits is not sealed properly, valve 21 ensures trouble-free operation of the remaining circuits, i.e. . does not allow the entire supply of compressed air in the receivers to vent into the atmosphere, and thus ensures trouble-free braking of the machine. When you press the pedal of the two-piece pedal valve 23, compressed air is supplied from 2 receivers (on two circuits) to the pneumatic booster - the main brake cylinders 24. This completes the pneumatic part of the working brake system. Next, the hydraulic line enters operation. Brake fluid from the main brake cylinder 24, reinforced to 18 ... 19 MPa, is supplied to the cylinders 25 of the working brakes and, unclenching the deck, ki 26, slows down the rotation of the drums 17. This is how the motor grader is braked. The backup and parking brakes are as follows. From the receiver 22, compressed air is supplied through its own circuit to the manual reverse brake valve 27, and from it to the spring pneumatic energy accumulator 28, which acts on the backup brake lever 29 with its rod. The force of the pneumatic energy accumulator rod. on the brake pads (it is also reserve) is proportional to the amount of air vented into the atmosphere through the manual brake valve 27, which allows the braking operation to be performed. In this case, the brake pads 30 converge and clamp the brake disc 31, which is seated on one of the drive shafts of the drive washer 7 or gearbox.

The capacity of each of the three compressed air receivers is 20 liters / - which allows for 7-8 full braking without replenishing the compressed air reserves in the receivers / for example / when the compressor fails or when the engine stalls.

3.3. The constructive centering of the blade turntable relative to the gear of the worm gear around the full circumference of the support rim of the traction frame as an essential feature of the utility model.

The device of the working body of the grader - the dump as a whole and

the centering of the ring gear of the turntable relative to the gear of the worm gear is shown in FIG. 4 (view B in FIG. 1) / and in FIG. 5 (section along BB in FIG. 4),

The main working body of the grader - the blade consists of two main nodes: traction frame 32 and turntable 33. The turntable during the execution of work operations / inherent in the grader can be rotated relative to the traction frame on ZBO. The rotation is made by a hydraulic motor through the worm gear 34 / pinion gear 35 toothed ring of the turntable 36. With this worm gear 34 and its pinion gear 35 are rigidly fixed relative to the traction frame 32. The turntable 33 with a landing diameter D is oriented relative to the traction frame 32. Mounting of the turntable 33 to the rim 37 of the traction frame is carried out by sectors 38 and bolts 39. Other details / attached to the actual circle 33 / in FIG. 5 are not shown.

The center-to-center distance L between the D center of the support rim 37 of the traction frame and D2 by the mounting hole in the same frame for the worm gear housing is calculated according to the theory of gearing / in production it is possible to fulfill L with the required accuracy.

- 8 Thus, the centering of the turntable 33, and with it the ring gear 36 relative to the gear 35 of the rotary gearbox 34, is carried out along the entire circumference of the supporting circular rim 37 of the traction frame 32, while: the supporting surface in the contact area along D increases, wear is reduced of these surfaces, the gear adjustment is not violated, the teeth of the crown 36 and gears 35 are in contact along pitch circles, the assembly becomes more reliable and durable.

3.4. The design of the connection system of the fuel supply lever on the engine with the control pedal in the driver’s cab by means of a double-acting remote control cable.

in order to ensure a synchronous response of the fuel supply lever to the actions of the driver in the kinematic chain of the fuel supply control system (see, diagram in Fig. 6), the lever 40 on the engine is connected to the pedal 11 under the driver’s foot with a double-acting remote control cable 41. In this case, articulated joints in levers, forks, rods: one movable rod of the cable is connected to the pedal, the other directly to the fuel supply lever on the engine.

On the bracket 42, located on the floor of the cab, mounted: pedal 11, return spring 43, adjusting bolts 44 and 45. The angle of inclination of the pedal 11 to the plane of the cab floor should be consistent with the full stroke of the lever 40 on the engine. The pedal is fixed in the set position by the adjusting bolt 44. The pedal 11 is pressed against the bolt 44 by a spring 43, the preliminary tension of which is carried out by the threaded shank of the fork 46 and is locked by two locknuts 47. The assembled bracket 42 is attached above the opening in the cab floor so that one pedal arm 11 together with a spring 43, an adjusting bolt 44, a socket for fasteners 9

1

Cable 48 is located under the cab floor. One threaded movable end of the rod 49 of the cable 41 through the plug 50 and the axis 51 is connected to the pedal arm 11 and locked by a nut 52. The cable sheath 41 is attached to the socket 48 by two nuts 53, the latter being an accessory to the cable 41. The second movable threaded end of the rod the cable through the plug and the axis is connected to the fuel supply lever 40 on the engine. The fastening of the cable sheath in this case is carried out through the socket (hole) in the bracket 54, specially mounted on the engine or other structural element of the power plant, rigidly fastened to the engine. By

the path from the pedal to the lever on the engine in order to prevent the cable from falling under the rotating cardan shafts or other moving parts of the machine, the cable can be fixed with clamps or otherwise on the frame or on other non-stationary structural elements.

The engine idle speed is set to -. We take the lever 40 by rotating the bolt 55 on the engine housing. The cable at one end is attached to the lever 40, the other to the lower shoulder of the pedal 11. In this case, the following conditions must be met:

- pedal 11 should be at an angle close to 45 ° with respect to the floor

- the lower shoulder of the pedal 11 is pressed by the spring 43 against the adjusting bolt 44;

- movable cable rods protrude at both ends of the cable from fixed shells - have a power reserve in both directions.

To obtain maximum engine speed, the bolt 45 must be put in a position in which when the pedal 11 is pressed to failure / i.e. until it stops in the bolt 45, the following conditions remain:

- 10 - lock nut 52 at the opposite end of the cable does not abut the cable sheath, i.e. for rod 49, a certain power reserve D.

The listed conditions are achieved by adjusting the position of the cable sheath in the brackets 48 and 54, as well as by screwing the threaded ends of the movable cable rod into the forks 50.

3.5. The constructive implementation of the system of connecting the spools of the hydraulic control valves controlling the functions of the working bodies and other machine components with the handles of the control panel via double-sided remote control cables, as

essential feature of a utility model.

In order to reduce the number of connections in hydraulic circuits from hydraulic control valves to executive hydraulic cylinders and other machine components and to improve the visibility of the main dump area, the control valves of the hydraulic control valves are controlled by double-acting remote control cables.

On the control panel (see diagram in Fig. 7) in the cockpit there are handles 10, levers 57; on the spinal part of the frame - hydrodistributors 58; pipelines 59. Levers 57 with spools of hydraulic .. valves 58 are connected by double-acting remote control cables. 60.

One movable rod of the cable is connected to the valve spool. Its exit from the fixed sheath of the cable 60 is adjusted to a length that ensures the slide valve travels from neutral to the extreme positions. The second end of the movable cable rod is connected to the lever 57 in the cab and through it to the control handle 10. The handle stroke ensures the slide valve moves to the extreme positions.

- 11 mains are missing / with the exception of two hoses: oil supply from the pump to the manifold of the valve block and oil drain into the tank.

3.6. The constructive implementation of the power unit of the grader on the basis of the unit for a similar purpose of a truck / as an essential sign of a utility model.

The purpose of this development is to expand the range of applicability in road machinery of mass-produced reliable power units by the automotive industry.

The proposed design of the power unit of the motor grader is depicted in FIG. 8, where:

61 engine;

62- gearbox;

63- leading MOST;

64-cardan shafts;

65 - additional gearbox;

66- emergency pump.

The essence of the proposed solution lies in the fact that / the design of the power unit of the grader / where the power unit of a cargo car as part of an engine with 4 flange gearboxes was introduced / a three-shaft5 additional gearbox / with a flange connection or a cardan shaft connected to the gearbox was introduced. In this case, the gearbox has both input and output shafts with flanges under the cardans in the direction of the engine and the rear drive axle. In addition, the additional gearbox constructively provides the output of all three shafts in both directions, which makes it possible to connect various additional units to the gearbox. In the claimed design, the intermediate shaft of the gearbox drives the emergency pump, which feeds the metering pump, hydropower. The gearbox receives rotation from the wheels of the grader

- 12 with the engine off.

The claimed constructive implementation of the grader in its entirety and its components can be carried out in industrial production using standard equipment, modern materials, components and technologies. In addition, the modular principle of design, manufacture and assembly ensures lower operating costs due to the increased reliability and maintainability of the machine.

Motor grader - GS-1Y01 index, made according to the claimed design, manufactured by the applicant (Raditsk Machine-Building Plant / Bryansk) and is being tested in Mosavtodor for the construction of roads (Yegoryevsk DRSU); In 1997, it is planned to produce an industrial batch - S pcs., serial production since 1998.

- 13

From the applicant: Deputy Director of Raditsky Machine-Building LLP; A.K.Sks factory 1 9 7 g.

Claims (6)

1. A motor grader comprising a frame resting on a biaxial driving and front steered axles, a power plant, a cabin with a control panel and a driver’s seat, working bodies as part of a blade on a turntable, a front bulldozer and a cultivator, mounting the drive wheels on the rear axle axles by means of hubs with their landing on a conical or spline surface and the transmission of torque and braking torque from the axle shaft to the hub by means of a key or spline connection, service brakes in a hydraulic version boards without equipment for the brake system with a hydraulic accumulator, centering gears in pairs: the gear ring of the turntable - the drive gear of the rotary gearbox using special adjustment plates, the lever system for controlling the fuel supply lever, control the spool valves of the valve using lever systems, and the connection of the valve on the cab with actuators on the frame by means of high pressure hoses, as part of the power unit, a special box for changing driver with the output of the flanges under the cardan shafts connecting the gearbox with the crankshaft of the engine and the drive axle, in one direction, characterized in that the axles of the drive wheels of the rear axle of the machine are forged (or welded) along with the flanges directly on which the brake drums are mounted and disks of driving pneumatic tire wheels, while at the end of the half-axis opposite the flange, bearings are mounted that absorb both radial and axial loads in both directions, closer to the flange is a double-row self-aligning bearing uk, perceiving only the radial load.  2. The grader according to claim 1, characterized in that the service brakes are made in the pneumohydraulic version of the control with separation of the compressed air flow into three independent circuits: two working ones and a third one, which provides backup and parking brakes, with a supply of compressed air in the system receivers for several full braking when the engine stalls or when the compressor fails, while the presence of a manual follow-up brake valve in the brake system allows you to perform the "braking" operation.  3. The grader according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the centering of the gear rim of the rotary circle of the working body relative to the drive gear of the rotary gearbox is carried out along the complete circumference of the support rim of the traction frame, while the circular support rim on the traction frame is fixed motionless with respect to the leading the gear of the rotary gearbox at a distance calculated according to the theory of gearing, the gear ring is attached to the turntable by bolts, the heads of which are recessed into the body of the crown, the turntable assembly with gear entsom to the traction frame and attached by several bolts segments.  4. The grader according to paragraphs. 1 - 3, characterized in that the system for connecting the fuel supply lever on the engine with the pedal controlling it (lever) to the driver’s cab is implemented using a two-way remote control cable, one end of the fixed shell of which is fixed in the bracket under the cab floor, the other in the bracket on engine cylinder block, the movable rod of the cable is connected at one end to the lower pedal arm, and the second to the fuel supply lever on the engine.  5. The grader according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the connection of the valve spool valves controlling the functions of the working bodies and other machine components with the handles on the control panel is made by means of two-way remote control cables, while the cable sheath is fixed at one end in the console bracket control, on the other - in the bracket on which the control valves are located, the movable rod of the cable is connected at one end to the control valve spool and the other to the arm of the control handle laziness on the remote. 6. The grader according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the power unit of the grader is a serial power unit of a truck as part of the engine in a block with a gearbox having a flange under the driveshaft in the direction opposite to the rear rear axle, while the power unit supplemented by a three-shaft gearbox having a connection to the gearbox flanged or by means of a cardan shaft, both the input and output shafts of the gearbox have flanges under the cardans to the side of the engine and the rear drive axle, in addition, the intermediate shaft of the input eduktora drives the emergency pump, feed pump dispenser gidrorulya with the engine, the gearbox design provides the output of the three shafts in both directions, which makes it possible to attach to the gearbox, various additional units.