RU73333U1 - DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is aimed at increasing the yield of the final product and improving its quality while simplifying the technology and reducing energy and capital costs. The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device for conducting mass transfer processes comprises a reactor made in the form of a cylinder. The internal volume of the reactor is divided into successively located mixing zone, a zone of separation of the products of interaction of the components and the zone of removal of reaction products. Distribution annular chambers are installed in the mixing zone and the zone of removal of reaction products, which are connected to the said zones via tangential input and output channels made curvilinear in the form of a spiral of Archimedes. 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of technological conversions in the processing of large-tonnage feed streams of hydrocarbon feedstocks in two-phase or more systems between liquids, gases and their combinations, and can be used for carrying out technological processes in the chemical, petrochemical, oil and gas and other industries.

In modern technology, in most cases, mass transfer processes occur on the interface, in connection with which the speed of the processes depends on the size of the contact surface between the reacting components: the higher the degree of dispersion of the components, the higher the reaction rate.

In traditional apparatuses, which are vertical reactor columns with fittings for the input of raw materials, air and steam and the output of the finished product and exhaust gases, the movement of interacting ascending and descending hydrocarbon feed streams in the column occurs under the influence of the density difference between the liquid and gaseous (vapor) phases, which requires not only fine dispersion of one liquid into another, but also a significant expenditure of energy on the evaporation, cooling and condensation of the entire mass of processed hydrocarbon streams: ft, condensate, gas, shale, etc. Therefore, the mass transfer rate in such devices is low, and the devices themselves are bulky [1].

In addition, stagnant zones, areas of difficult to separate emulsions and channel effects are easily formed in the working volume of the extraction column, while the clarity of separation into raffinate and extract is relatively low.

To increase the efficiency of such devices, they are supplemented with various technical means for dispersing the components before they are fed into the reaction zone. These tools can be mechanical,

jet-ejector, bubbling, the effectiveness of which is not always satisfactory, which, in turn, does not significantly intensify the processes with the participation of components that underwent such processing.

A device is known for periodically producing oil bitumen by oxidizing heated oil tar and an oxidizing agent in a cube, in which turbo mixers are installed to disperse air into the mass of the product to be oxidized and then mix the mass of the product to be oxidized. [2].

The known solution is characterized by insufficient mixing of the entire mass of the oxidizable product, which leads to the formation of localized zones in the initial contact points of the reacting substances, in which either the formation of carbenes and carbides, or incomplete oxidation of complex supramolecular structures, which increase the duration of the oxidation process and lead to poor quality product.

A device for sulfuric acid alkylation is also known, containing a mixing device in the form of nozzles for preparing an emulsion and mixing the alkylation reaction mixture [3].

This device also does not provide dispersion of the atomized stream sufficient to obtain a developed contact surface of the reacting substances, and the resulting emulsion, being light and unstable, is destroyed before the completion of the reaction, which does not contribute to a sufficiently high quality of the resulting product.

However, the mixing devices (nozzles) used in the known solution do not provide a high-quality emulsion and, being light and unstable, are destroyed before the completion of the reaction, resulting in incomplete conversion of olefins, the formation of local areas of accumulation of concentrated sulfuric acid and

the occurrence of primary adverse reactions with a deterioration in the quality of alkylbenzene and the insufficiently high process productivity.

Other disadvantages of these methods include the relative bulkiness of the equipment, structural complexity (the presence of bearing assemblies, moving parts, electric drives), high power consumption for mixing.

Closest to the described utility model, one should take an installation for producing alkylbenzene, containing a device for conducting mass transfer processes — a reactor for mixing components and producing an emulsion, equipped in the lower part with tangential inlets for feeding components into the mixing zone of the reactor with a pressure drop at the inlet, under the influence of which flows are mixed in the mixing-reaction zone with the formation of a swirling vortex upward flow of a stable finely dispersed emulsion, minutes to the reaction zone of the reactor where the tangential inlets are installed in the olefin feed stream upward particulate catalyst with isobutane mixture [4].

The streams are mixed with the upward flow from the mixing zone to carry out the alkylation reaction and enter the upper zone of the reactor — the separation zone by ultracentrifugation, behind which there are tangentially mounted nozzles for the removal of catalyst and reaction products. Separation of the emulsified reaction mixture into constituent components and their removal from the reactor is carried out by centrifugation instead of the mass-heat exchange process carried out in existing reactor technological units

The known device provides a sufficiently high degree of mixing, but it does not use all the possibilities to further increase the possibility of separating the reaction products into individual hydrocarbon fractions with different specific gravities.

The objective of this utility model is to develop a device design that provides an increase in the yield of the final product and an improvement in its quality while simplifying the design of process reactors and apparatuses and reducing energy costs.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the device for conducting mass transfer processes containing a reactor made in the form of a cylinder, the internal volume of which is divided into a mixing zone with channels of tangential input of components, a zone of separation of products of interaction of components and a zone of removal of products with channels of their tangential output, is additionally equipped with distribution ring chambers located in the mixing zone and the zone of product withdrawal, and the channels of tangential input and output are made curved mi in the form of a spiral of Archimedes.

Due to the acoustic field generated in the channels made in the form of an Archimedes spiral, a monodisperse system is formed, which ensures a quick reaction or extraction of undesirable components from raw materials, but complicates the coalescence of phase solution droplets due to the creation of a disperse system with a developed interfacial surface, for the destruction of which It takes a long time for the coalescence and separation of phase solutions in the field of gravitational forces.

In the described utility model, additional energy is introduced into the mixing zone by raw streams in the form of turbulent vortices, an acoustic field, and a field of inertial, centrifugal, and centripetal forces, and dispersing the reagent before mixing in the reaction zone reduces the energy consumption for dispersing.

The presence of several generators of acoustic vibrations during the separate supply of each of the components to be mixed into the mixer allows one to reduce the contact time, provide different update rates for the interphase surfaces of the contacting phases, and increase the driving force

mass transfer process. In addition, the separate supply of components to the mixer allows you to report acoustic vibrations only to the flow of raw materials.

The use of jet oscillation emitters with channels in the form of a spiral of Archimedes as homogenizers makes it possible to obtain homogenized flows of the initial components before they enter the reaction zone, while the oscillation jet emitters allow the formation of high-speed swirling component flows at the output, and due to the energy reserve of the flows, the mixture is sequentially homogenized after mixing and prolonged exposure of the finished homogenized mixture as it moves into the separation zone.

The structure of a homogenized mixture stream is provided, in which droplets of liquid components have individual particle sizes of not more than 20 μm. Such a highly homogenized system has a developed interfacial surface, which allows you to complete the reaction process much faster and get a better product, since there are no large particles with a low speed in the flow - the particles have approximately equal sizes and, therefore, react at the same speed.

The centrifugal and centripetal forces of the rotating flow of hydrocarbon feedstocks or reaction products at a speed exceeding 20,000 rpm or more depending on the pressure drop of the feed stream and the reagents at the inlet of the apparatus and the high linear speed of the rotating flow of feedstocks or reaction products allow you to instantly divide the flows into target fractions without evaporation and condensation of multi-tonnage flows of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Thus, there is no need to operate existing reactors and apparatuses that use only the gravitational force field as a force field and stop burning a huge amount of fuel or energy consumption and increase many times

the productivity of existing enterprises while improving the environmental situation.

The utility model is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, which depict:

Figure 1 shows a General view of the reactor;

Figure 2 shows a section along aa in figure 1.

Figure 3 shows a section along BB in figure 1.

A device for carrying out mass transfer processes consists of a reactor 1 made in the form of a cylinder 2, the internal volume of which is divided into a mixing and reaction zone 3, a separation (separation) zone 4 into target fractions by ultracentrifugal centrifugation, and a zone 5 for outputting the target reaction products from reactor 1.

In the mixing zone 3 of the reactor 1, annular distribution chambers 6 are made with homogenizers, which are jet oscillation emitters made in the form of curved channels 7 in the shape of an Archimedes spiral. Channels 7 connect the distribution ring chambers 6 with the internal volume of the reactor 1.

The exit windows of the cylindrical chambers into which the channels 7 exit are made with a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the reactor 1.

Zone 4 separation (separation) into target fractions is a smooth section of the cylinder 2.

In the zone 5 for the removal of the target reaction products, distribution ring chambers 6 are also made, each of which is connected to the internal volume of the reactor 1 by means of curved channels 7 made in the form of an Archimedes spiral.

The work of the described utility model is as follows.

Reagents and raw materials enter the annular distribution chambers 6, and then into the channels 7, made in the form of a spiral of Archimedes (see figure 2),

where they are exposed to acoustic vibrations, resulting in homogenization. From channels 7, homogenized reagents and raw materials enter the mixing zone, where the reaction between them is carried out with the formation of an upward high-speed swirl flow, which pass through the mixing and reaction zones with a high linear velocity and enter the separation zone, where they are separated by centrifugal forces into fractions by centrifugation due to the difference in specific gravities.

Preferably, the reactants and components of the feedstock having the highest density are fed into the reactor through the first upstream distribution chamber 6, and the reactants and components of the feedstock having the lowest density are fed into the reactor through the last upstream distribution chamber 6.

The stratified flows of fractions fall into the product exit zone, where each of the products is discharged through its own curved channel in the form of an Archimedes spiral (see Fig. 3) and then along the annular chamber 6 from the device.

Moreover, due to the fact that the direction of flow in the curved channels is opposite to the direction of motion of the starting components in the mixing zone, the acoustic effect is not manifested, and due to the tangential output of the products, the pressure drop is minimal.

The utility model provides a homogeneous structure of homogenized raw materials and a high degree of homogenization of gas-liquid flows, which has a developed interphase surface, which reduces the reaction time between flow components, ensures process selectivity, accelerates the removal of reaction products from the reaction zone, and ensures the separation of liquid and gaseous reaction products into fractions.

In addition, the utility model simplifies the design of the apparatus due to the absence of the need to use energy and

metal-intensive distillation and adsorption-desorption equipment.

1. Grudnikov IB The production of petroleum bitumen, M, Chemistry, 1983, S. 127-132.

2. R.B. Gun. Petroleum bitumen, M., Chemistry, 1973, p.186-188.

3.US 5777189 A, 07/07/1998

4. RU 2175311 C1, 10.27.2001

Claims (1)

A device for conducting mass transfer processes, comprising a reactor made in the form of a cylinder, the internal volume of which is divided into successively located mixing zone with tangential channels for introducing components, a zone for separation of the products of interaction of components and a zone for removing reaction products with tangential channels, characterized in that it is equipped with in the mixing zone and the zone of removal of reaction products by distribution ring chambers connected to the said zones by means of, respectively Of course, the channels of tangential input and output made curvilinear in the form of a spiral of Archimedes.