RU69898U1 - RIGID THREE-LAYER BUILDING PANEL - Google Patents

Abstract

A rigid three-layer building panel containing a wooden frame, non-structural insulation and sheet cladding is proposed. In order to increase the strength and rigidity of the panel, the wooden frame is made of plates laid in several layers and connected by adhesive layers, and the distance between the joints of the plates of adjacent layers is at least half the width of the plate.

The plates forming the beams of the frame may have different widths and be offset from each other to form grooves and ridges on the side edges of the beams of the frame. The grooves thus formed on the outer edges of the carcass may have a dovetail profile.

The plates forming the outer beam of the frame, adjacent at an angle to the adjacent panel, can have different widths and a beveled edge, when gluing, a beam with a beveled edging, the angle of which is equal to half the angle between the panels.

The panels have rigidity and strength, which allows them to be transported flat with a package of 6 ... 12 meters and put into vertical position when slinging only two angles.

Description

The proposal relates to building elements, more precisely, to lightweight building envelopes, mainly for residential low-rise buildings, in particular, three-layer building panels with a rigid inner frame, sheet sheathing and insulation made of effective heat-insulating materials.

The expression "three-layer building panel" is a term denoting a panel with three layers: cladding-insulation-cladding. Below, the term “layer” will be used only in a different sense: as a layer of plates (boards) forming a glued inner frame of the panel.

The proposed panel is intended for use mainly as a wall. It is rational when the wall panels have a height equal to the height of the house. This reduces the number of joints and speeds up installation. But at present, individual cottages prefer to build not in one, but in two or three floors. Such houses require panels six to twelve meters high. Typically, transportation of panels of small height is carried out on special platforms-panel trucks, on which panels are mounted on the edge at a small angle to the vertical. The panels are installed on the platform so that during unloading and installation in the building there is no need for tilting. But even a six-meter panel cannot be installed this way due to restrictions on transport dimensions. In addition, with the generally accepted layout, on one platform usually does not fit more than four to six panels, although their weight is small.

It is necessary that the rigidity and strength of long-length wall panels allow them to be stacked in a stack and unloaded for installation by a sling at two points on the short side with the panel in the vertical position about the support only on the opposite short side.

Known three-layer wall panel with increased rigidity, containing forming non-metal embedded frame elements with grooves on opposite surfaces and sheathing in the form of sheets with protrusions on the surface facing the inside of the panel, connected around the perimeter of the panel with tightening screws [BCKogan and others. "Three-layer panel", A.S. the USSR

No. 1135877, class E04C 2/32, publ. 01/23/85]. A disadvantage of the known panel is that its rigidity is ensured by the use of special sheathing sheets with protrusions, the industrial production of which is not mastered. In addition, the dimensions of the panel are not stable in conditions of variable humidity, and it is not equipped with elements for durable and accurate joining of panels between themselves or with other structural elements of the building.

Also known is a three-layer building panel containing a frame of steel profiles, an internal frame, non-structural insulation and sheet sheathing. The frame of the panel is part of the inner frame, made of a collapsible metal angular profile with reinforcement from wooden beams attached to the profile shelves facing the inside of the frame, between the reinforcing bars of two opposite sides of the frame, the inner beams of the frame are fixed [RF Patent No. 2245970 to class. E04C 2/26]. A disadvantage of the known panel is its high cost, due to the use of a massive frame of steel profiles, providing structural rigidity.

A three-layer fencing panel is also known, containing a non-separable frame of channel-shaped bent steel profiles with sheet sheathing and a filler, which, to increase rigidity and strength, is equipped with an additional frame with face sheathing and thin-sheet profiles uniting frames [P. A. Vyazchenko and other “Fencing”, A.S. USSR No. 1236074 A1, class E04C 2/26, publ. 06/07/86]. The disadvantages of the known panel is its technical complexity, the complexity of manufacturing, and the fact that the applied thin-sheet profiles do not provide sufficient strength of the corner and butt joints when using the panel for the outer walls of tall buildings.

The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a three-layer wall panel containing a frame of wooden beams, to which flat asbestos-cement sheathing sheets are attached from two sides on the screws. Non-structural insulation is placed between the sheathing sheets [Typical structures of buildings and structures. Series 1.832-1. Lightweight wall panels for agricultural production buildings. Issue 1. 3 m long panels on a wooden frame with asbestos-cement sheathing].

The disadvantages of the known panels are the low accuracy of their sizes and low mechanical strength, limiting the maximum possible

panel sizes close to 3 meters, the use of expensive and scarce coniferous wood of the 1st - 2nd grades. The use of cheaper and affordable low-grade wood is not permitted for reasons of strength.

When using wood of low grades to maintain strength, you have to double the cross-section of the bars, which in addition to increasing the mass of the panel and the consumption of wood, can cause warping of the panel, since the bars of a large cross-section are more deformed under conditions of variable humidity. A certain period of time always elapses between the manufacture and installation of the panel. Since the warping process begins immediately after the manufacture of the panel, a significant part of the panels are supplied for installation already warped. This increases labor costs and reduces the quality of construction.

The use for the inner frame of glued wooden beams, such as, for example, described in [RF patent No. 2168594 by class. Е04С 3/14, declared 12/29/99], reduces warpage, but does not solve the problem of increasing stiffness and strength, since the corner and intermediate joints of the bars become a weak point of the panel.

The technical result achieved by this proposal is to increase the rigidity, form stability and strength of the panel.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the well-known three-layer building panel containing a wooden frame, non-structural insulation and sheet cladding, the wooden frame is made of plates laid in several layers and connected by adhesive layers, and the plates of each subsequent layer overlap the joints of the plates of the previous layer.

In addition, the plates of each subsequent layer overlap the joints of the plates of the previous layer by at least half its width.

In addition, the plates of the inner layers forming the outer bars of the frame are offset outwardly of the panel with respect to the plates of the outer layers.

In addition, the plates of the inner layers forming the outer bars of the frame are displaced inwardly of the panel with respect to the plates of the outer layers.

In addition, plates of different layers have different widths.

In addition, the plates of the inner layers have a width smaller than the width of the outer layers.

In addition, the recesses on the outer surface of the outer bars of the frame, formed by the displacement of the plates or the installation of plates of a smaller width, have the shape of a dovetail.

In addition, the edges of the plates of the inner layers having a smaller width and forming the outer bars of the frame lie in the same plane as the edges of the plates of the outer layers.

In addition, the angle of the outer edge of the plates forming the outer bars of the frame, designed for angular connection with an adjacent panel, is equal to half the angle of connection, and all the outer edges of these plates lie in the same plane.

In addition, part of the plates are laid at intervals.

In addition, embedded elements are installed in the indicated intervals, for example, for connecting the panels to each other.

The technical result from the fact that the wooden frame is made of plates laid in several layers and connected by adhesive layers consists in increasing the strength of the frame, reducing the cost of the panel due to the possibility of using low-grade lumber and increasing its shape stability.

The technical result from the fact that the plates of each subsequent layer overlap the joints of the plates of the previous layer is to increase the rigidity, strength and form stability of the panel.

The technical result from the fact that the distance between the joints of the plates in adjacent layers is at least half the width of the plate is to provide maximum rigidity, strength and form stability of the panel.

The technical result from the fact that the plates of the inner layers forming the outer bars of the frame are offset outside the panel with respect to the plates of the outer layers is to improve the heat-insulating properties of the panel and to ensure a reliable connection during installation with an adjacent panel.

The technical result from the fact that the plates of the inner layers forming the outer bars of the frame are displaced inwardly of the panel relative to the plates of the outer layers is to improve the heat-insulating properties of the panel and ensure reliable connection during installation with the adjacent panel.

The technical result from the fact that the plates of different layers have different widths consists in reducing the weight of the panel, the consumption of lumber,

improving the thermal insulation properties of the panel and ensuring a reliable connection during installation with an adjacent panel.

The technical result from the fact that the plates of the inner layers have a width smaller than the width of the outer layers is to reduce the weight of the panel, the consumption of lumber, improve the insulating properties of the panel and ensure reliable connection during installation with an adjacent panel.

The technical result from the fact that the recesses formed by the displacement of the plates or the installation of plates of a smaller width on the outer surface of the outer bars of the frame have the shape of a dovetail consists in increasing the heat-insulating properties of the joints of adjacent panels and ensuring reliable connection during installation with an adjacent panel.

The technical result from the fact that the edges of the plates of the inner layers having a smaller width and forming the outer bars of the frame lie in the same plane as the edges of the plates of the outer layers consists in reducing the weight of the panel, the consumption of lumber and improving the thermal insulation properties of the panel.

The technical result from the fact that the angle of the outer edge of the plates forming the outer beams of the frame, designed for angular connection with an adjacent panel, is equal to half the angle of the connection, and all the outer edges of these plates lie in the same plane is to ensure a reliable reliable angular connection and reduce the complexity of processing the edges of the panel.

The technical result from the fact that the plates of the inner layers are laid at intervals consists in facilitating and cheapening the panel while maintaining sufficient strength and rigidity of the panel.

The technical result from the fact that mortgage elements are placed in the indicated intervals consists in increasing the strength of the panel and the reliability of the joints formed by it with adjacent panels, the base and the ceiling of the building.

The essence of the proposal is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a panel with partially removed skin in the plan.

Figure 2 shows a side view of the proposed panel.

Figure 3 shows a variant of the arrangement of the plates in one of the outer beams of the frame, when the offset middle plates form a ridge on the outside of the beam.

Figure 4 shows a variant of the arrangement of the plates in one of the outer beams of the frame, when the offset middle plates form a groove on the outside of the beam, and the milling of adjacent plates gives the groove the shape of a dovetail.

Figure 5 shows an example of the location of the components of the frame plates, when the plates of different layers have different widths.

Figure 6 shows a variant of the arrangement of plates of different widths, when their edges on the outer edges of the frame bars lie in the same plane.

7. shows a part of the frame of the proposed panel, in which the edge of one of the outer bars is beveled at an angle due to the use of plates of different widths with an beveled angle α.

On Fig ... 11 depicts the manufacturing stage of the proposed panel.

On Fig shows the first stage of manufacture of the panel, when the first layer of plates is laid on the mounting table.

Figure 9 shows the second stage of manufacturing the panel, when the second is laid on the first layer of plates and fixed elements are fixed.

Figure 10 shows the third stage of manufacture of the panel, when a third layer of plates is laid on top of the second layer of plates and embedded parts.

11 shows the fourth stage of the manufacture of the panel, when a fourth layer of plates is laid on top of the third layer of plates and embedded parts.

The fifth, final stage of the manufacture of the panel, when the fifth layer of plates, insulation and casing are laid, is shown in the drawing of the finished panel in figure 1.

The proposed panel (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) consists of an internal frame 1 made of glued wooden plates (boards) 2. Between the bars 3 of the frame 1 laid non-structural insulation 4. On both sides are attached to the frame 7 (with glue or screws 5) sheathing sheets 6 and 7.

The plates 2 of each subsequent layer overlap the joints of the plates 2 of the previous layer, as shown in Fig.2 and Fig.8-11. The amount of overlap (the distance between the joints of adjacent layers of plates in the beam) must be at least half the width of the plate, otherwise the strength of the frame is reduced. Between

the layers of plates have adhesive layers not shown in the drawings. To increase strength, a reinforcing mesh may be embedded in the adhesive layers. The alternation of the joints of the plates 2 is illustrated in Figs. 8-11 and 1, where the arrangement of the plates 2 in each of the five layers of the inner frame 1 is shown. In the drawings, a panel is shown as an example, the inner frame of which is formed by five layers of plates.

For preliminary fixation and compression of the plates 2 together during the gluing process, screws or nails 8 can be used.

To form grooves and ridges on the lateral edges (edges) of the beams of the frame 7, the plates 2 can either be displaced relative to each other (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) or have a different width (Figs. 5, 6 and 7).

The side walls of the grooves on the outer edges of the outer bars of the frame can be milled so that the profile of the grooves takes the form of a dovetail (figure 4). This helps to tighten the panels together during installation, hammering the keys of the corresponding profile into the grooves. At the same time, the dowels improve the thermal insulation of the joints.

The grooves or ridges on the inner sides of the frame beams being filled with insulation 4, improve its fixation inside the panel, prevent its displacement from shaking during transportation and the formation of voids between the skin. This increases the stability of the insulating properties of the panel.

Along the outer perimeter of the frame beams in the spaces between the plates 2, embedded parts 9 and 10 (FIG. 2 and FIG. 9) can be installed, which serve to connect the panels to each other (parts 9) or to the base and ceiling (parts 10).

To facilitate the panel part of the plates 2 of the frame can be installed at intervals 11, as shown on the left side of figure 2 and figure 10. Since the rigidity and strength of the frame is determined mainly by the plates of the first and last layers, the presence of gaps in the inner layers has a slight effect on these parameters. The gaps in the inner bars can be filled with non-structural insulation. This design allows you to lighten the panel, and use very short cuts of lumber. This reduces the cost of production due to a more complete use of the material.

During the installation of the building, the panels are arranged vertically and connected to each other using embedded parts, usually representing various kinds of locks. If the panels form an angular joint, then the best quality of the joint is achieved when the joined edges of the panels are beveled at an angle. Usually this angle is made equal to half the angle between the panels. For this, the frame beams of the panel, designed for corner joints, are glued from pre-prepared plates 2 of different widths (Fig.6), one of the edges of which has an angle a equal to half the angle between the panels. Stacked together, the plates 2 form a beam 12 with a beveled outer and straight inner edge. Compared with the method of creating a bevel by milling the outer beam of the panel frame, this solution reduces the cost of manufacturing, allows the use of plates of small width, that is, reduces the amount of waste.

The proposed panel is made as follows.

On the assembly table, the first layer of plates 2 is laid out (Fig. 8), which forms the inner frame of the panel in shape. In the corners of the plate 2 are joined at right angles. On top of the plate 2 are covered with a layer of glue and a second layer of plates is laid on them so that the plates of the second layer overlap the joints of the plates of the first layer (Fig. 9). If necessary, embedded parts 9 or 10 are also laid and secured. Then, plates 2 of the third layer are laid onto the second layer coated with glue, again so that they overlap the joints of the plates of the second layer (Fig. 10). Embedded parts may also be installed (key 9 in FIG. 10). The process of laying the layers continues until the desired thickness of the frame 7. The tightening of the package of plates and fixing the plates in the package, they are connected with nails or screws 8.

To reduce warpage, it is preferable that the plates are collected in a bag with alternately changing the direction of convexity of the original log, as shown in Fig.3-6. The glued surfaces of the plates are not planed, the villi and burrs remaining after sawing the logs additionally reinforce the adhesive joint. The reinforcing action of the villi allows local increases in the thickness of the adhesive layer without reducing the strength characteristics of the frame beams. This avoids calibrating the processing of plates on a thicknessing machine, which significantly reduces the cost of production. It also reduces material quality requirements.

plates. Allowed a small overview on the edges of the plates facing the inside of the frame. Cracks, potholes and other violations of the continuity of the plates do not reduce the strength of the frame, as filling with glue, they even improve the reliability of the adhesive joint. After laying all the layers, the excess glue that protrudes outside is removed and the frame is sent to the dryer.

After drying, the casing 6 is installed on one side of the frame, non-structural insulation 4 is laid and the casing 7 is installed on the second side of the frame. This sequence applies when the sheathing sheets are attached to the frame with screws 5.

It is preferable to assemble the frame immediately on the casing on one side of the panel with gluing the plates of the first layer to the casing 6. After laying all the layers of the plates, a non-structural insulation 4 is laid in the interior of the frame, the surface of the frame is covered with glue, and the casing 7 of the other side of the panel is laid on it. The rigidity of the frame and the high adhesive qualities of modern adhesives ensure the reliability of the fastening of the casing to the frame is not lower than on screws. The assembled panel is pressed and dried. The pressing operation is not mandatory - it can be replaced by tightening the panel in thickness with screws or nails 8.

Tests of a panel measuring 6000 × 2440 × 150 mm ³ , manufactured in accordance with this proposal, and having a mass of 910 kg, showed that the panel can be transported in a horizontal position, moving from a horizontal position to a vertical sling at two corners of the short side and even lifting when slinging behind one corner. At the same time, the panel retains a certain flexibility sufficient to fit its embedded parts when mounting to mating parts of adjacent panels, bases or floors.

The proposed panel due to its rigidity and strength can be used not only as a wall, but also as a coating plate. Due to the leveling of the strength properties of multilayer glued structures, wood defects do not affect the strength of the panel, and lumber 1-2 grades lower than for the well-known three-layer panels with a wooden frame can be used to make its frame.

Claims (11)

1. A rigid three-layer building panel containing a wooden frame, non-structural insulation and sheet cladding, characterized in that the wooden frame is made of plates laid in several layers and connected by adhesive layers, and the plates of each subsequent layer overlap the joints of the plates of the previous layer. 2. Rigid three-layer building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates of each subsequent layer overlap the joints of the plates of the previous layer at least half its width. 3. The rigid three-layer building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the outer beams of the carcass, the plates of the inner layers are offset outside the panel with respect to the plates of the outer layers. 4. The rigid three-layer building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the outer beams of the carcass, the plates of the inner layers are offset inside the panel with respect to the plates of the outer layers. 5. Rigid three-layer building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates of different layers have different widths. 6. Rigid three-layer building panel according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the recesses on the outer surface of the outer beams of the frame, formed by the displacement of the plates or the installation of plates of smaller width, have the shape of a dovetail. 7. Rigid three-layer building panel according to claim 5, characterized in that the plates of the inner layers have a width less than the width of the outer layers. 8. Rigid three-layer building panel according to claim 6, characterized in that the edges of the plates of the inner layers having a smaller width and forming the outer beams of the frame lie in the same plane as the edges of the plates of the outer layers. 9. Rigid three-layer building panel according to claim 5, characterized in that the angle of the outer edge of the plates forming the outer bars of the frame, designed for angular connection with an adjacent panel, is equal to half the angle of connection, and all the outer edges of these plates lie in the same plane. 10. Rigid three-layer building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that part of the plates are laid at intervals. 11. Rigid three-layer building panel according to claim 10, characterized in that embedded elements are installed in the indicated intervals, for example, for connecting the panels to each other.