RU69548U1 - LOW RESIDENTIAL BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of construction and relates to low-rise residential buildings. The internal inter-apartment load-bearing walls of the building are made in the plan in the form of a cross, the branches of which emanating from the center are perpendicular to the external walls of the building with the possibility of forming 4 separate, including multi-level, apartments having separate entrances from both the street and the adjoining area, adjacent to each other by two adjacent sides. The outer and inner apartment bearing walls and partitions are made with a frame formed from cold-formed or bent-welded profiles or from lumber, while the outer facing layer of the outer walls is made of sheets or plates having a decorative, for example, embossed surface, or from face brick. The crosspiece is made of monolithic or small pieces of brick or lightweight concrete blocks. The roof of the building is made prefabricated. Heat and sound insulation of external and internal walls and partitions is made of semi-rigid mineral wool boards. Overlappings are installed on crossbars from cold-formed or bent-welded profiles or in the form of wood-metal or wooden beams and contain the top layer of a floorboard, or cement-bonded slabs, or concrete slabs -

liners, the bottom layer of two plasterboard sheets, and their heat and sound insulation is made in the form of a layer of mineral wool mats located on the bottom layer and occupying part of the space between the upper and lower layers. The crosspiece can be made protruding above the roof of the building with the possibility of the formation of a firewall. The technical result is an increase in the degree of fire resistance and stability of the building and a decrease in material consumption while improving operational qualities and comfortable living. 1 s.p. f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction and relates to the construction of a low-rise residential building.

A low-rise residential building is known, including external load-bearing walls, internal load-bearing walls, partitions, interfloor and attic floors with a frame of steel profiles, load-bearing trusses or beams, roofing and wall girders of steel profiles, while these structural elements are formed in the form of frame frames made of thin-walled steel profiles connected by a detachable connection, thin-walled frame profiles of the outer walls and attic floors have a perforated wall, and heat the insulating material in the walls and ceilings is located within the full height of the cross-section of the carcass elements and is protected on the inside by a vapor barrier film and on the outside by a diffusion waterproof film (see Utility Model Patent No. 62128, IPC Е04В 1/24, 06/19/2006).

The disadvantages of the known solutions include the fact that the building, made entirely of lightweight structures on the frame of thin-walled steel profiles, requires significant costs for

ensuring a sufficient degree of fire resistance and protection against progressive collapse; otherwise, the building does not provide a standard of III degree of fire resistance and this reduces the attractiveness of this structural system for individual residential development, especially interlocked.

The proposed technical solution allows to eliminate these disadvantages.

- The device of the internal interroom load-bearing walls in the form of a cross made of monolithic or small pieces of brick or lightweight concrete blocks, provides reliable protection against the spread of fire and reliable sound insulation;

- The crosspiece frees the light frame structures of the building from part of their functions to ensure the stability of the building, including protection against progressive collapse;

- The presence of internal load-bearing walls in the form of a cross allows you to carry out an individual constructive solution in the dimensions of each apartment and, accordingly, independently carry out its restructuring and completion, i.e. creates the conditions for individualization of space-planning solutions of apartments;

- The area of external walls is reduced by 50%, which ensures a reduction in material costs and energy costs, a reduction in the volume of utilities and a reduction in the cost of their operation due to the compactness of the building.

In addition, the proposed solution has the following urban development advantages:

- blocking apartments by two adjacent sides provides greater isolation of the apartment plots, because they border only two neighboring ones;

- with a limited total area of one apartment, blocking four apartments allows you to get a larger and, therefore, "prestigious" volume of the building;

- blocking of 4 apartments is more flexible when placed in a crowded area.

The technical result of the proposed solution is to increase the degree of fire resistance and stability of the building and reduce material consumption while improving operational qualities and comfortable living.

This is achieved by the fact that in a low-rise residential building, including a foundation, a roof, external and internal apartment walls, partitions and ceilings made with a frame, with facing layers and heat and sound insulation, as well as internal apartment buildings, the internal apartment buildings are made in plan in the form of a cross, the branches of which emanating from the center are perpendicular to the outer walls of the building with the possibility of the formation of separate, including multi-level, apartments,

adjacent to each other by two adjacent sides and having their own entrances from the street and from the adjoining section, the crosspiece made of monolithic or small pieces of brick or lightweight concrete blocks, the roof is made fully assembled, and the frame of the external and internal apartment walls and partitions is formed of cold-formed or bent-welded profiles or lumber, while the outer facing layer of the outer walls is made of sheets or plates having a decorative, for example, embossed, surface, or of front brick, heat and sound the insulation of the exterior and interior walls and partitions is made of semi-rigid mineral wool slabs, and the ceilings are installed on crossbars of cold-formed or bent-welded profiles, or in the form of wood-metal or wooden beams and contain an upper layer of floorboards or cement-bonded boards, or concrete slabs - liners and a lower layer of two drywall sheets, and their heat and sound insulation is made in the form of a layer of mineral wool mats, located on the lower layer and occupying part of the space between the upper and lower layers .

The crosspiece can be made protruding above the roof of the building with the possibility of the formation of a firewall.

Distinctive features of the proposed solution from the well-known solutions, selected as a prototype (Patent No. 62128), are that the internal inter-apartment load-bearing walls

made in the form of a cross, the branches of which extending from the center are perpendicular to the outer walls of the building with the possibility of the formation of separate, including multi-level, apartments adjacent to each other by two adjacent sides and having their own entrances from the street and from the adjacent building, the cross is made of monolithic or small pieces of brick or lightweight concrete blocks, the roof is made fully assembled, and the frame of the external and internal apartment walls and partitions is formed from cold-formed or bent profiles, or lumber, while the outer facing layer of the outer walls is made of sheets or plates having a decorative, such as embossed, surface, or of facing bricks, the heat and sound insulation of the outer and inner walls and partitions is made of semi-rigid mineral wool slabs, and the ceilings are mounted on crossbars from cold-formed or bent-welded profiles, or in the form of wood-metal or wooden beams and contain the top layer of floorboards or cement-bonded particleboards, or concrete slabs - liners and zhny layer of the two gypsum boards, and their Teplozvukoizolyatsiya formed as a layer of mineral wool mats, placed on the bottom layer and occupying part of the space between the upper and lower layers.

The crosspiece can be made protruding above the roof of the building with the possibility of the formation of a firewall.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a low-rise residential building in plan at the level of the first floor in arrow A and at the roof level in arrow B. Fig. 2 is a section along A-A in Fig. 1.

Low-rise residential building 1 contains a foundation 2, a roof 3, internal inter-apartment load-bearing walls 4, external load-bearing walls 5, intra-apartment walls and partitions 6 and floors 7.

The internal inter-apartment load-bearing walls 4 are made in the plan in the form of a cross, the branches of which originating from the center are perpendicular to the external walls 5 of the building with the possibility of forming separate ones having separate entrance 8 from the street and entrance 9 from the adjoining section of the multi-level apartments 10 adjoining each other by two related parties. The cross is made of monolithic or small pieces of brick or lightweight concrete blocks.

External bearing walls 5, intra-apartment bearing walls and partitions 6 and floors 7 are collapsible structures. The frame 11 of the external, intra-apartment walls and partitions is formed of cold-formed or bent-welded profiles or lumber. The frame of the interior walls and partitions is sheathed on both sides with gypsum plasterboards 12 in one layer, in the locations of the supporting racks of the interior walls - in two layers, with the interior being filled with mineral wool plates 13. The outer facing layer 14 of the external walls is made of sheets

or slabs having a decorative, such as embossed, surface, or made of face brick. Heat and sound insulation of 15 exterior and interior walls and partitions is made of semi-rigid mineral wool boards with vapor barrier and waterproofing layers, their inner lining 16 is made of plasterboard or gypsum fiber sheets.

Overlappings 7 are installed on crossbars 11 made of cold-formed or bent-welded profiles or in the form of wood-metal or wooden beams and contain an upper layer 17 of floorboards or cement-bonded particleboards, or concrete slabs-inserts and a lower layer 18 of two plasterboard sheets, and heat and sound insulation is made in the form of a layer 19 mineral wool mats located on the lower layer and occupying part of the space between the upper and lower layers 17 and 18.

The attic floor includes, in addition, a layer of non-combustible insulation 20 and a vapor barrier 21 from the side of the living room.

The roof of a low-rise building is made completely collapsible, pitched with a cold attic 22 and an external organized drainage system. The supporting structures 23 are trusses and crates made of cold-formed or bent-welded steel profiles, or lumber, including in combination with each other. Roof 24 is made of profiled steel, aluminum or

polymer sheets laid on the crate and on the waterproofing layer. The roof, which is not cut by the internal interroom walls in the form of a cross, is completely made of non-combustible materials.

The crosspiece of the building can be made protruding above the roof of the building with the possibility of the formation of a firewall 25.

A garage 26 and a veranda 27 are attached to each apartment. Entrance 8 to each of the apartments is from the street, and entrance 9 leads to the building from the adjoining area through the veranda 27.

The claimed constructive solution of a low-rise residential building allows to provide outdoor protection against the spread of fire and increase the stability of the building, including protection against progressive collapse due to the arrangement of internal interroom load-bearing walls in the form of a cross, which can be made of monolithic or small-piece brick or lightweight concrete blocks, which assumes the functions of providing protection against fire, ensuring the stability of the building, including protecting against progressive collapse It provides reliable sound insulation.

The implementation of the internal inter-apartment load-bearing walls in the form of a cross creates the conditions for the individualization of the space-planning solution of apartments.

A 50% reduction in the area of the outer walls reduces material costs and energy costs, reduces the volume of utilities and ensures lower operating costs due to the compactness of the building.

Blocking apartments with only two adjacent sides allows for greater isolation and increases the comfort of living.

The use of these building materials and their location provides reliable thermal and acoustic insulation and a comfortable level of decoration.

This solution can be applied in the design and construction of low-rise residential buildings.

Claims (2)

1. A low-rise residential building, including a foundation, a roof, external and internal apartment walls, partitions and ceilings made with a frame, with facing layers and heat and sound insulation, as well as internal apartment apartment walls, characterized in that the internal apartment apartment walls are made in plan in in the form of a cross, the branches of which emanating from the center are perpendicular to the outer walls of the building with the possibility of the formation of separate, including multi-level, apartments adjacent to each other by two between the sides and having their own entrances from the street and from the adjoining section, and the cross is made of monolithic or small pieces of brick or lightweight concrete blocks, the roof is completely prefabricated, and the frame of the external and internal apartment walls and partitions is formed of cold-formed or bent-welded profiles or lumber, while the external the facing layer of the external walls is made of sheets or plates having a decorative, such as embossed, surface, or of front brick, thermal and acoustic insulation of the exterior and interior The walls and partitions are made of semi-rigid mineral wool slabs, and the ceilings are installed on crossbars of cold-formed or bent-welded profiles or in the form of wood-metal or wooden beams and contain an upper layer of floorboards or cement-bonded particleboards, or concrete slabs - liners and a lower layer of two plasterboard sheets, and their thermal and acoustic insulation is made in the form of a layer of mineral wool mats, located on the lower layer and occupying part of the space between the upper and lower layers. 2. Low-rise residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross is made protruding above the roof of the building with the possibility of the formation of a firewall.