RU69421U1 - SMALL WASHING MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to equipment for washing with a high pressure jet of contaminated surfaces and can be used for hydrotreating and washing vehicles, agricultural machines, various equipment (machines, tools, etc.) and premises. The small-sized washing machine contains a hydraulic three-plunger pump with an electric drive vertically placed on a moving platform, a suction and discharge line, and a jet forming device. The essence of the utility model is as follows. The machine uses a pump with an eccentric drive of the plungers, each plunger section of the pump is made with a quick-detachable plunger head to ensure prompt replacement of the sealing elements of the working chamber of the plunger section. The interaction of the drive eccentric with the plunger is carried out through a ferrule mounted using rolling elements on the eccentric. The longitudinal axis of the plunger is offset from the axis of rotation of the pump shaft by an amount equal to half the eccentricity, in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the shaft. A water jacket is made on the pump crankcase to cool it, connected in series to the suction line. The technical result is to increase the technical and operational characteristics. 4 s.p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to equipment for washing with a high pressure jet of contaminated surfaces and can be used for hydrotreating and washing vehicles, agricultural machines, various equipment (machines, tools, etc.) and premises.

A well-known hydrodynamic high-pressure unit UNG with an electric drive, manufactured by Baikal-Service CJSC of the KRONA group of companies (a copy of the leaflet is attached to the application materials), is intended for cleaning steam and hot water boilers, sewer pipelines, various technological equipment of vehicles, etc. .P. The installation is based on a transport trolley and includes a horizontal 3-cylinder plunger pump with replaceable plunger pairs, an electric motor, shut-off equipment, a hydraulic gun, jet-forming nozzles, flexible high-pressure hoses, and electric equipment for controlling the start and stop of the electric motor. The installation is serviced by three operators.

The disadvantages of the known installation include its heavy weight, dimensions and the complexity of technological maintenance, which increases its cost costs and makes its use in small enterprises, for example, motor transport, repair, as well as in enterprises serving agricultural machinery and livestock complexes, unprofitable.

As a prototype, the OM-22613 mobile cleaning and washing machine manufactured by VNIIPT Khimnefteapparatury OJSC (a copy of the leaflet is attached) was selected, containing a hydraulic three-plunger pump with electric drive located on a moving platform, electric equipment for controlling the start and stop of the electric motor, a suction and discharge line, and flexible high pressure hose, jet forming device. The three-plunger pump is horizontal with a crank drive of the plungers. The machine is serviced by one operator.

The specified washing machine, in comparison with the previous analogue, has smaller dimensions, however, the presence in the machine of a pump with a horizontally located crank drive of the plungers does not provide a sufficient degree of optimality of its dimensions and weight. The crank drive limits the speed of the input shaft and, accordingly, the feed speed of the plungers of the high pressure pump, which requires the installation of a reduction gear from the electric motor to the drive

pump shaft. For this purpose, a belt drive with massive pulleys is installed in the indicated machine. In this case, a decrease in the speed of the plungers requires an increase in the area of the plungers with an increase in the pump flow, which leads to an increase in the existing loads and, as a result, to an increase in the size of pump parts. Another disadvantage is that when the pump plunger seals are worn out, they are replaced by disassembling the entire pump, which is a rather long and laborious process. In addition, the machine does not provide an operating mode that provides for the associated heating of the washing liquid by cooling the mechanisms of the machine, which would expand the functionality of the washing machine and improve the quality of its work.

Thus, the disadvantages of the prototype include:

- the dimensions of the known machine are not optimal enough for a small-sized washer;

- quite a time-consuming process of replacing pump plunger seals;

- during operation of the machine, the associated heating of the washing liquid is not provided.

The problem solved by the utility model is to create a washing machine that combines small dimensions with high technical and operational characteristics.

The technical result achieved in this case is to reduce the dimensions of the machine; the ability to quickly replace the elements of the working seal of the plunger; to increase the durability of the pump by reducing the radial components of the forces acting on the plunger sections; the possibility of the machine operating in warm water mode without special heating.

The problem is solved in that in the inventive small-sized washing machine containing a hydraulic three-plunger pump with electric drive located on a moving platform, a suction and discharge line, a jet forming device, according to a utility model, a pump with an eccentric plunger drive is used, each plunger section of the pump is quick-detachable the plunger head to ensure the rapid replacement of the sealing elements of the working chamber of this plunger section, and the interaction exce The drive with the plunger was driven through a cage mounted by means of rolling bodies on an eccentric, the longitudinal axis of the plunger being offset from the axis of rotation of the pump shaft by an amount equal to half the eccentricity, in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the shaft, while on the pump crankcase for cooling water jacket,

connected in series to the suction line, and the pump on the platform is installed vertically.

In this case, the body of each plunger section is made with a groove for the installation of a locking element, which ensures the fixation of the specified housing when removing the removable head during the replacement of the sealing elements of the working chamber of this plunger section.

To ensure consistent removal of air from the working chambers of the pump, each plunger section is equipped with a valve installed in the suction line.

To ensure the convenience of operation, the device for forming the jet is made in the form of a hydraulic gun, the starting device of which is made in the form of a two-stage lever mechanism installed with the possibility of multiplying the force when transmitting it to the slide valve connecting the pressure line of the pump with the jet gun of the hydraulic gun.

At the same time, a synchronization device for the starting device of the electric drive and the supply of working fluid is built into the hydraulic gun.

The analysis of the main distinguishing features showed that:

- installing the pump on a movable platform vertically and performing eccentric drive of the plungers helps to reduce the dimensions and weight of the pump used in the inventive washing machine, while maintaining high technical characteristics (productivity, outlet pressure), which generally reduces the dimensions of the machine and makes it easier for the operator management of her work;

- the implementation of each plunger section with a quick-detachable plunger head contributes to the rapid replacement of the elements of the working seal of the plunger, thereby improving the operational characteristics of the washing machine;

- the interaction of the drive eccentric with the plunger through a ferrule installed using rolling elements on the eccentric helps to reduce the friction force acting on the plunger from the eccentric side. To keep the bearing on the eccentric, its outer race is fixed on the eccentric by locking elements;

- the displacement of the longitudinal axis of the plunger from the axis of rotation of the pump shaft by an amount equal to half the eccentricity, in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the shaft, reduces the radial components of the forces acting on the plunger sections and, as a result, increases the durability of the pump;

- the execution on the crankcase of the pump water jacket, sequentially connected to the suction line, provides cooling of the crankcase of the pump during operation of the washing machine and at the same time increases the rigidity of the crankcase and reduces the noise of the pump. In addition, the water heated during cooling of the pump allows the machine to operate in warm water mode (up to 40 ° C) without special heating, thereby expanding the functionality of the machine.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

- figure 1 - small-sized washer, General view, a perspective view;

- figure 2 - hydraulic three-plunger pump of a compact washing machine, front view;

- figure 3 is a hydraulic three-plunger pump of a small-sized washing machine, side view, view E in figure 2;

- figure 4 is a hydraulic diagram of a small washing machine;

- figure 5 - hydraulic gun of a compact washer.

The washing machine includes a hydraulic three-plunger pump 2 mounted on a moving platform 1 (Fig. 1) driven by an electric motor 3, electric equipment 4 for starting and stopping the electric motor 3, a safety valve 5, a jet forming device made in the form of a hydraulic gun 6, sleeve 7 high pressure, suction and discharge lines, respectively 8 and 9. Pump 2 is mounted on the end flange 10 of the electric motor 3 coaxially through the bracket 11.

Pump 2 consists of the following main components: a housing made in the form of a crankcase 12 (Figs. 2, 3), driven by an electric motor 3 of a shaft 13 with three eccentrics mounted on it, in the form of eccentric bushings 14 (14 ', 14' ', respectively 14 '' '), forming an eccentric drive of the plungers 15 installed in the guides 16 with the formation of three plunger sections - I, II, III. In each plunger section, the guide 16 is made in the form of a housing 17, coaxial to which, with centering relative to the axis of the plunger 15, a removable plunger head 18 with a suction valve 19 and a discharge valve 20 is installed (Fig. 3). The plunger head 18 is mounted on the housing 17 by means of pins 21. To reduce the residual volume of the working chamber "A" of the plunger section, the suction valve 19 is mounted coaxially to the plunger 15, and the discharge valve 20 is perpendicular to the axis of the plunger. Under the working chamber "A" of the plunger section refers to the space in the housing of the plunger head 18, enclosed

between the plunger 15 and the suction and discharge valves, respectively 19, 20.

The drive shaft 13 is mounted in the crankcase 12 on two radial bearings 22. From axial displacement, the shaft 13 with the eccentric bushings 14 and bearings 22 mounted on it is held by the covers 23.

Needle bearings are used on the eccentric bushings 14 by means of rolling bodies 24 of a cage 25. In a particular embodiment, needle bearings are used as rolling bodies. The clips 25 are fixed to the eccentric bushings 14 by the retaining rings 26. To prevent the locking rings 26 from turning relative to the bushings 14, washers 27 are installed during rotation to ensure the clips 25 are securely fastened.

All three plungers 15 of pump 2 are installed in a row in series, each symmetrically, opposite its eccentric sleeve 14. The axes of the eccentric bushings 14 ', 14' ', 14 are deployed on the shaft 13 relative to each other at an angle φ = 120 °, which ensures uniform pumping working fluid in the pressure line per revolution of the shaft 13. The eccentric bushings 14 are fixed relative to the shaft 13 from turning by the keys 28.

The reciprocating movement of the plunger 15 is provided by the rotation of the eccentric sleeve 14. The translational movement of the plunger performs in the discharge stroke, while the plunger moves up. Return movement - in the suction stroke when the plunger moves down. The plunger 15 is constantly pressed against the outer race 25 of the bearing 24 by a spring 29, which ensures the return of the plunger 15 in the suction stroke and compensates for the inertial loads of the plunger and the friction forces of the seal of the working chamber "A" of the plunger section. The said seal of the working chamber "A" is made by a cuff 30, which provides a seal on the plunger 15, and an oil scraper rubber 31, which protects the crankcase 12 of the pump 2 from the ingress of water. The cuff 30 and the ring 31 are installed in the sleeve 32, located between the plunger head 18 and the housing 17 of the guide 16. In the sleeve 32 between the upper seal (sleeve 30) and the lower seal (ring 31) is an annular groove "a" connected by a hole "in" with a fitting 33 (FIG. 3) mounted on the housing 17 of the rail 16. Each of the three fittings 33 is connected via a sleeve 34 (FIG. 4) to a hydraulic tank 35 of a small capacity. The tank 35 is filled with oil to lubricate the seal of the plunger 15 (rings 31). In case of loss of tightness of the upper seal (cuff 30), water enters the hydraulic tank 35, and then is displaced through the hydraulic tank breather (the breather is not shown in Fig.), Which is an indication of the maximum wear of the cuff 30 and indicates

the need for replacement. The execution of the housing 17 of the guide 16 with a quick plunger head 18 simplifies the process of this replacement.

A breather 36 is installed on the crankcase 12 (Fig. 3) to communicate the internal volume of the crankcase with the atmosphere.

Two supporting antifriction sleeves 37 and 38 are installed in the guide 16 of the plunger body 17, which compensate for the radial components of the forces acting on the plunger 15 during rotation of the shaft 13 with eccentric bushings 14. The longitudinal axis of the plunger 15 is offset from the axis of rotation of the shaft 13 by h = 1/2 · E (figure 3), where e is the magnitude of the eccentricity. The value of h is chosen in order to obtain the optimal ratio of the smallest radial components of the forces to the support sleeves 37 and 38. In each plunger section in the housing 17 of the guide 16 there are grooves “c” (FIG. 2) for installing the locking elements 39, for example, cylindrical rods used for locking of these bodies during dismantling of the plunger head 18 during replacement of the elements of the working seal - cuff 30.

A water jacket 40 is made on the crankcase 12, made in the form of a cavity “B” encircling the crankcase, connected in series to the suction line 8 of the pump, designed to cool it with washing liquid during operation of the machine.

In the suction channel 41 of each plunger section, providing a supply of working fluid from the suction line directly to each plunger section, a valve 42 is installed that provides sequential air removal from the working chambers of the pump.

Protection of the pump 2 from impurities and contaminants contained in the supply water is carried out by the filter 43 (Fig. 1).

A pressure gauge 44 is used to monitor the operation of the pump.

On the movable platform 1 made arc 45 fencing.

Hydro gun 6 with a set of removable nozzles allows you to adjust the pressure and shape of the washing jet.

The hydraulic pistol 6 (FIG. 5) contains a handle 46, a two-stage control lever 47 (first stage 48, second stage 49) for turning on the washing machine, a hydraulic valve 50 for controlling the hydraulic start, an electric switch 51 for controlling the start of the electric motor 3, and a hydraulic rod 52.

The control lever 47 is made two-stage in order to reduce the load on the operator’s hand during prolonged operation.

The hydraulic valve 50 is made of the unloaded type and in the initial state is closed by the spring force 53 necessary to compensate for the friction forces in the seals 54, 55 and in both steps 48, 49 of the control lever.

The second stage 49 of the control lever is connected to the hydraulic valve 50 through an intermediate sleeve 56, which compensates for the radial components of the forces acting when the lever acts on the input rod 57 of the valve 50, thereby providing a better seal in the valve. The output stem 58 of the valve 50 through the intermediate stem 59 and the intermediate diaphragm 60 is connected to the button 61 of the switch 51. The intermediate diaphragm 60 protects the cavity "G" of the switch 51 from dust and moisture from the side of the output shaft 58 of the valve 50.

The hydraulic rod 52 is made integral, its length and configuration can be changed in accordance with the requirements for washing (cleaning) of various objects or their components.

At the end of the rod 52, a nozzle 62 is installed, which is part of a set of removable nozzles. The design of the nozzle to be installed is selected depending on the requirements for washing (cleaning) of various surfaces.

A safety valve 5 is installed between the suction line 8 and the discharge line 9. The valve 5 provides overflow of the working fluid from the discharge line 9 to the suction when the motor 3 is turned off and the discharge line 9 is closed by the hydraulic valve 50 of the hydraulic gun 6, as well as in case of extreme pressure increase in the discharge line or clogged nozzle.

The intake of washing liquid (water) is carried out through a flexible hose 63 (figure 1).

Work.

The washing machine operates as follows.

When the operator presses the control lever 47 of the hydraulic gun 6, the hydraulic valve 50 for supplying the washing liquid to the hydraulic nozzle 62 is opened and the control circuits for starting the electric motor 3 are turned on. After starting the electric motor when the drive shaft 13 of the pump 2 is rotated, the eccentric bushings 14 sequentially reciprocate the plungers 15 plunger sections. By means of suction and discharge valves, respectively

19 and 20, the plunger sections I, II, III provide for the intake of the working fluid by the suction line and its supply to the hydraulic gun 6 by the delivery line 9.

Water is supplied to the suction line 8 of the pump from the water supply line (or washing liquid is supplied from the reservoir) through a flexible hose 63, a filter 43 and a water jacket 40. The filter 43 helps to clean the water and protect the plunger sections from abrasive particles entering the seal zone 30 and 31, causing intensive wear of these seals and plungers 15. The water jacket 40 acts as a heat exchanger and serves to remove heat generated during the operation of the pump, and at the same time increases the rigidity of the crankcase 12, reduces noise during operation those of the pump and associated heating of seawater before suction, which provides better cleaning of the treated surface.

By means of valves 42 installed in the suction channels 41 of each plunger section, the plunger sections are sequentially pumped by the water of the working chambers “A” of the plunger sections, if necessary, to remove air plugs and reliable pump operation without additional disassembly of the pump suction line to remove air.

When the effort on the lever 47 of the hydraulic gun 6 is stopped by the operator, the hydraulic valve 50 closes the discharge line 9 and at the same time the electric motor 3 is turned off. At the same time, the pressure relief valve 5 provides the overflow of the working fluid from the discharge line to the suction line.

If it is necessary to replace the seals (cuff 30) of the working chamber of one of the plunger sections, the plunger head 18 of this section is removed. For this purpose, a locking element 39, for example a cylindrical rod, is installed in the groove “c” of the adjacent plunger head, by means of which the housing 17 of the dismountable plunger section is rigidly coupled to the adjacent non-dismantled section, thereby excluding the spring pushing force on it (on the body of the dismountable section) 29.

Thus, the use in the claimed utility model of a vertically mounted three-plunger pump with an eccentric drive of the plungers, the execution on the crankcase of the pump of a water jacket connected in series to the suction line, and the execution of the plunger sections with a quick-detachable plunger head with quick replacement in case of wear of the seals of the working chamber allows to create a small-sized washer with high technical and operational characteristics.

Claims (5)

1. A small-sized washer containing a hydraulic three-plunger pump with an electric drive located on a movable platform, a suction and discharge line, a jet forming device, characterized in that it uses a pump with an eccentric drive of plungers, each plunger section of the pump is made with a quick-detachable plunger head to provide operational replacement of the sealing elements of the working chamber of this plunger section, and the interaction of the drive eccentric with the plunger is carried out through a cage mounted by means of rolling bodies on an eccentric, and the longitudinal axis of the plunger is offset from the axis of rotation of the pump shaft by an amount equal to half the eccentricity, in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the shaft, while a water jacket is made on the crankcase for cooling it, connected in series to suction line, and the pump on the platform is installed vertically. 2. The small-sized washing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the body of each plunger section is made with a groove for installing a locking element that secures the fixing of the specified housing when dismantling the removable head while replacing the sealing elements of the working chamber of this plunger section. 3. The small-sized washer according to claim 1, characterized in that each plunger section is equipped with a valve installed in the suction line, which provides sequential removal of air from the working chambers of the pump. 4. The small-sized washer according to claim 1, characterized in that the jet forming device is made in the form of a hydraulic gun, the starting device of which is made in the form of a two-stage lever mechanism, mounted with the possibility of multiplying the force when transmitting it to the slide valve connecting the pressure line of the pump with the jet hydropistol. 5. Small-sized washer according to claim 4, characterized in that a synchronization device for starting the actuator of the electric drive and supplying the working fluid is integrated in the hydraulic gun.