RU67958U1 - FILTERING SECTION - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is intended for the purification of liquids from dissolved and suspended solids, namely, for the purification of ship bilge water, and can also be used for wastewater treatment of industrial enterprises and in public utilities. The filtering section contains a housing with filtering filling, nozzles for supplying the filtered mixture and draining the purified water. New is that the housing of the filter section is made in the form of a vertically oriented cylindrical shell with an upper open part and a piston-float placed inside it, mounted with the possibility of vertical movement along the provided guide and provided with through bypass pipes, while the guide is made in the form of a hollow tubular element with holes, mainly in its lower part, and communicated with a source of compressed air. The utility model is aimed at increasing the efficiency of purification of the filtered mixture from oil products and other contaminants, including on a production scale, simplifying and improving the usability of the device while reducing the cost of its maintenance and operation.

Description

The utility model is intended for the purification of liquids from dissolved and suspended substances, namely, for the treatment of bilge water from ships, and can also be used for wastewater treatment of industrial enterprises and in public utilities.

Known devices for cleaning liquids, for example, "Device for water purification from oil products" ECO-N "(see utility model patent No. 37084, IPC C02F 1/40, publ. 04/10/2004, bull. No. 10). The specified device contains a housing divided into three compartments, inlet and outlet pipelines, while a mesh filter is installed between the first and second compartments in the upper part of the housing, a coalescing filter is installed at the entrance to the second compartment, and an expanded clay filter is installed at its output, in a funnel is installed at the top of the second compartment at the level of the supply pipe, and absorbent filters are installed in the third compartment, while the absorbent filters are replaceable.

The disadvantages of this device are: the complexity of the design of the device, the high cost of its operation, low efficiency of cleaning the filtered mixture from oil products and other contaminants.

A technical solution is also known, for example, “A device for purifying water from pollutants” (see the description of the utility model for patent No. 58 114, IPC C02F 1/42, B05B 3/12, publ. 10.11.2006, bull. No. 31). The specified device comprises a housing with nozzles for supplying contaminated water and drainage of purified water and sludge, a cover, an inner and outer perforated conical drum made for rotation, a perforated partition, while the cavity between the drum and the perforated partition contains an ion extinguishing, and on the lid there is a rotary a mechanism with mixing blades located in the cavity between the drum and the perforated partition, in which there is backfill.

The disadvantages of this device are: the complexity of the design of the device, low cleaning efficiency of the filtered mixture from oil and other contaminants.

Known devices for cleaning liquids, for example, "Two-line filter for cleaning liquids" (see the description of the invention to the author. Certificate. USSR No. 709118, CL B01D 23/10, publ. 1989.03.15, bull. No. 10). The specified filter contains a vertical cylindrical body with a bottom and a lid equipped with an annular gasket, in which the upper and lower gratings with grids are located, between which there is a filter

granular loading, nozzles for supplying the initial liquid installed in the cover and bottom, a collector for selecting the filtrate, placed in the volume of the filtering granular loading in its middle part, and a stroke of the flushing fluid supply pipe and its branch pipe, while the upper grill is equipped with a forced return mechanism - translational movement, for example, in the form of a screw pair, the screw of which is pivotally mounted on the grill, the nut is rigidly on the lid, an annular board is installed around the periphery of the upper grill, interacting with face gasket in regeneration mode, and the flushing fluid supply pipe is located in the bottom.

The disadvantages of this device are: the complexity of the filter design, the high cost of regenerating the filter granular load and the operation of the device itself, the low efficiency of cleaning the filtered mixture from oil products and other contaminants.

A known filter for cleaning liquids, for example, "Filter for cleaning liquids" (see the description of the invention to the author, certificate. USSR No. 1282385, class B01D 24/38, publ. 1995.02.27, bull. No. 6). The specified filter consists of a housing, upper and lower elliptical bottoms, an upper switchgear, a flat intermediate bottom located in the lower part of the housing, and a layer of granular loading located on the intermediate bottom. Drainage elements are fixed on the intermediate bottom, the upper part of which is perforated to drain the filtrate through the intermediate bottom, and the lower one has a nozzle with a side hole and a plug at the lower end of the nozzle. A rod is mounted to the plug, which is installed with the possibility of vertical movement until it stops at the bottom

elliptical bottom and acting as an additional support for the intermediate bottom.

The disadvantages of this device are: low efficiency of cleaning the filtered mixture from oil products, high costs for the regeneration of granular loading.

A device for cleaning liquids, for example, "Filter for separating suspensions" (see the description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2035199, CL B01D 24/28, publ. 05/20/1995, bull. No. 18). The specified filter contains a vertical housing with nozzles for input and output of a shared suspension, input and output of gas under pressure, output of the filtrate. In the housing there are two horizontal gratings forming a working chamber in which the filter material is located. The material consists of loose threads and floating in the suspension of granules of filter material.

The disadvantages of this filter are: low productivity and low efficiency of cleaning the filtered mixture from oil products and other contaminants, the large time spent on the regeneration of the filter material.

Also known is a filter for cleaning liquids, for example, “Filter for continuous cleaning of liquids” (see the description of the invention to the RF patent No. 22575735, CL B01D 24/28, publ. 02.10.2005, bull. No. 4). The specified filter contains a housing partially filled with a cleaning reagent in the form of a cylindrical shell articulated in the lower part with a hollow cone facing downward, installed in the lower part of the housing coaxially with a distribution cone facing upward and forming a distribution annular gap with a hollow cone,

a collector for supplying the liquid to be cleaned to the mass of the cleaning reagent, an airlift for lifting the contaminated cleaning reagent from the hollow cone to the top of the filter for washing and returning to the housing, as well as a device for washing the cleaning reagent, made in the form of an inner part with annular external depressions and protrusions and covering its outer part with mating annular protrusions and depressions, forming a channel for the passage of the cleaning reagent down and the oncoming flow of liquid for washing. The filter is equipped with at least one screw-shaped partition which is stationary mounted in the housing, the angle of inclination of which at each point with respect to the vertical is not more than the angle of repose of the cleaning reagent. The collector for supplying the liquid to be cleaned is made in the form of two truncated cones installed one above the other in the lower part of the body, forming an annular gap for the downward passage of the cleaning reagent and upward delivery of the liquid to be cleaned, as well as an annular gap for uniform supply of the liquid to be cleaned. The outer part of the device for washing the cleaning reagent is made in the form of two, bonded to each other, detachable along the axial plane of the halves, covering the inner part of the device.

The disadvantages of this filter are: the complexity of the filter design, the high cost of regenerating the filter granular load and the operation of the device itself, the low efficiency of cleaning the filtered mixture from oil products and other contaminants.

The closest in its technical essence analogue (prototype) of the device is "Pressure filter for cleaning

liquids "(see the description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2211722, CL B01D 24/10, publ. 09/10/2003, bull. No. 25). The specified filter consists of a cylindrical body with elliptical bottoms, drainage bottoms with drainage caps and a granular load placed between the drainage bottoms, while the drainage bottoms are mechanically connected to each other in the direction of the fluid flow through the filter using rods mounted in the holes of the drainage bottoms and consisting of rods, working nuts, washers, coupler, locknuts and gaskets.

The disadvantages of this analogue (prototype) are: low efficiency of cleaning the filtered mixture from oil products and other contaminants, the complexity of the operation of the device, the high cost of regenerating a granular load.

The technical result provided by the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of cleaning the filtered mixture from oil and other contaminants, including on an industrial scale, simplifying and improving the usability of the device while reducing the cost of its maintenance and operation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the filter section containing a housing with a filtering filling, nozzles for supplying a filtered mixture and draining purified water, in accordance with the claimed technical solution, in contrast to the prototype, the housing is made in the form of a vertically oriented cylindrical shell with an upper open part and a piston-float placed inside it, installed with the possibility of vertical movement along the provided

the guide and provided with through-pass pipes, the guide is made in the form of a hollow tubular element with holes, mainly in its lower part, and communicated with a source of compressed air.

An adsorbent of the type foam-superabsorbent can be used as a filtering backfill.

In the General case, the guide is made with a latch (limiter) in its upper part, for example, according to the type of cross, and the filter element can be installed on the cross, and the filter filling is placed between the float piston and the said cross with the filter element.

The filter element can be made in the form of a metal mesh covered with synthetic material, mainly syntypone.

The bottom of the shell can be made inclined, and the inlet and outlet pipes can be placed on the wall of the latter.

If necessary, the piston-float can be additionally equipped with a system for regulating its buoyancy.

The simplest and most effective embodiment of the system for controlling the buoyancy of the piston is a design in which the said system is made in the form of weights placed outside the housing and connected to the piston-float kinematically, mainly by flexible coupling.

The bypass nozzles of the piston-float in the General case can be equipped with caps that are installed with a gap relative to their upper output section, and the piston-float is equipped with a sealing sleeve located around its perimeter.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawing, which schematically shows the filter section (section along the diametrical plane).

An example of a specific implementation of the proposed technical solution is a filtering section containing a vertically oriented housing 1 made in the form of a hollow cylinder, for example, from a standard steel pipe of a main pipeline with a diameter of 1220 mm. In the lower part, the housing (1) is equipped with a bottom 2 mounted at an angle (obliquely) to its (1) longitudinal axis and rigidly, for example, by welding, connected to the specified housing (1). In the lower part of the housing (1), a receiving pipe 3 is installed, designed to supply the filtered mixture (FS) to the internal cavity of the housing (1), which (3) is connected, for example, through a piping system with valves, instrumentation (I&C) and pump with FS capacity (not shown in the drawing). In the upper part, the housing (1) is equipped with a drain pipe 4 designed to drain purified water from the internal cavity of the housing (1), for example, into a tank of purified water (not shown in the drawing) or a control section (not shown in the drawing). Inside the housing (1) is placed, having positive buoyancy, a piston-float (П-П) 5, which (5) is made in the form of a sealed hollow cylinder having a through hole 6, the center of which (6) is aligned with the longitudinal axis П-П 5 In addition, PP-5 in the upper part is equipped with a sealing sleeve 7 made of a polymer material, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which (7) is in contact with the inner surface of the housing (1).

П-П 5 is installed with the possibility of vertical movement inside the housing (1) along the guide pipe 8, the longitudinal axis of which (8) is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the housing (1). In the case П-П 5, overflow pipes (pipes) 9 are installed, designed to transfer the FS from the sub-piston cavity A of the housing (1) to its supra-piston cavity B (see Fig. 1). The bypass nozzles 9 are provided with caps 10 installed with a gap 11 above the upper outlet section (end) of the nozzles 9, which (11) ensures the “dispersion” of the FS jet in the supra-piston cavity B when the FS enters it (cavity B) through the nozzles 9. Pipe ( 8) the lower end is fixed in the steel thrust bearing 12, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, and which (12) is rigidly, for example, by welding, fixed on the inner surface of the bottom (2). In the upper part of the pipe (8) is fixed relative to the housing (1) by a latch made, for example, in the form of a removable centering spider 13 with an opening 14 in its center (13). For fastening the cross (13) to the housing (1), 15 L-shaped brackets are provided, rigidly, for example, by welding, connected to the specified cross (13). An additional after-treatment filter 16 is provided on the crosspiece (13), made in the form of a basket with a bottom made of a metal mesh covered with filtering material (cloth), for example, Syntipon material (see Appendix 1 or the website www.topteh.ru). The supra-abscess cavity B of the body (1) is filled with a filtering agent made of sorbent material (adsorbent), for example, superabsorbent foam polymer (PPSA) 17 (see Appendix 2 or the website www.rscac.sp.ru), which can be made in the form of flakes ( flaky) or in the form of granules, or mixtures thereof. For

“Dilution” of the PPSA layer (17) in the cavity B of the housing (1) during its (17) excessive saturation with oil products (ie, to prevent “caking” of the PPSA layer 17) in the pipe (8), concentric holes 18 are provided, mainly in its (8) the lower third in height, for the periodic supply of compressed air into the cavity B of the housing (1). Compressed air is supplied to the pipe (8) from a source of compressed air, for example, a compressor (not shown in the drawing), which is connected to the inlet section of the pipe (8) by means of a flexible hose 19. In addition, П-П (5) is also provided positive buoyancy enhancement system 20, consisting of loads 21, kinematically connected to P-P (5), for example, through cable system 22. System 20 is designed to prevent possible excessive “rarefaction” of the PPSA layer (17) when pumping through it (17 ) FS and when applying PPSA with different (in particular, greater) bulk density.

Preparation for operation of the filter section: fill the housing 1 with water through the pipe 3, using a piping system with valves, instrumentation and a pump, until a level is slightly lower than its (1) upper cut. Then P-P 5 is mounted on the pipe 8 and introduced (lowered) into the housing 1. Then the free volume of the housing 1 is filled over the P-P 5 PPSA 17 and the water is pumped out of the housing 1 using a piping system with valves, instrumentation and a pump (on Fig. (not shown), thus ensuring the lowering of P-P 5 down to the lowest possible level, and at the same time, filling the freed volume of the cavity B of the housing 1 of PPSA 17 at the same time. Then, a centering crosspiece 13 with filter 16 is mounted on the pipe 8, and connected

cargo 21 to the cable system 22. Connect to the pipe 8 using a flexible hose 19 a source of compressed air (not shown in the diagram) and, using a piping system with valves, instrumentation and a pump (not shown in the diagram), fill the FS housing 1. Stop the pump (for 30 minutes) until the saturation of PPSA 17 FS. The filter section is ready for use. The unloading of spent PPSA 17 is carried out by performing the above actions in the reverse order.

The filter section operates as follows:

Through the inlet pipe 3, for example, using a pump (not shown), the FS is supplied under pressure to the cavity A of the housing 1. Then the FS is passed through the nozzles 9 provided with covers 10 into the cavity B. In the cavity B, the FS is cleaned from PPSA 17 from oil products and other impurities, passing the PS under a predetermined pressure through the PPSA 17 layer. Then the FS is filtered through the filter 16. The purified mixture (water) enters the cavity B of the housing 1 located above the filter 16, then it is drained through the drain pipe 4 (water) into the container of purified water (on the devil. n shown). Quality control of purified water in cavity B is carried out visually and in the event of “spots” on the surface of the water, the cleaning process is stopped, the contaminated PPSA 17 is discharged, and then the clean PPSA 17 is loaded. After that, the PS is cleaned.

In general, the degree of purification can be monitored both visually and by technical means of continuous monitoring, for example, the Fluorat-411 apparatus — an indicator of exceeding the permissible oil content at the outlet of the water being treated, for example, not more than 0.5 ppm. In this case, the filter section can be additionally equipped

a device for controlling the flow rate of the filtered mixture, which allows you to keep the degree of purification within the required limits during saturation of the adsorbent with separated (absorbed) oil products.

In the presence of energy sources to improve the cleaning conditions of the FS with the selected adsorbent (PPSA 17), the FS is preheated before entering the cavity A, for example, using a coil steam exchanger (not shown in the drawing) to a temperature of 35-45 ° С.

If it is necessary to prevent excessive “rarefaction” of the PPSA 17 adsorbent layer when pumping FS through it in the cavity B of housing 1, in the case of using PPSA 17 with a higher bulk density (for example, in the form of granules), the adsorbent layer is periodically compacted by means of a mechanical compression of the latter using PP-5, using for this purpose the system 20 to increase the positive buoyancy PP-5.

In another case, if it is necessary to “dilute” the PPSA 18 adsorbent layer in the cavity B of the housing 1 when it is (17) excessively saturated with oil products (that is, to prevent the so-called “caking” (“sticking”) of the PPSA 17 layer), they are fed air through the PPSA layer 17 in the cavity B from the compressor (not shown in the drawing) through a hose 19 connected to the upper inlet section of the pipe 8 and then through the concentric holes 18 provided in the pipe 8. Air is supplied through the adsorbent layer periodically.

A variant is possible in which the filtering bed - adsorbent (PPSA 17) is placed not only in cavity B of housing 1, i.e. between the piston-float 5 and the retainer (crosspiece 13) with an additional after-treatment filter 16, but also in the cavity A, i.e. between the inclined bottom 2 of the housing 1 and the piston float 5.

Claims (9)

1. The filtering section, comprising a housing with a filtering filling, nozzles for supplying a filtered mixture and draining purified water, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a vertically oriented cylindrical shell with an upper open part and a piston-float placed inside it, installed with the possibility of vertical movement along the provided guide and provided with through bypass pipes, while the guide is made in the form of a hollow tubular element with holes, mainly in its neither her part, and communicates with a source of compressed air. 2. The filtering section according to claim 1, characterized in that an adsorbent of the foam-superabsorbent type is used as the filtering backfill. 3. The filter section according to claim 2, characterized in that the guide is made with a latch in its upper part, for example, according to the type of crosspiece, moreover, a filter element is installed on the crosspiece, and the filter filling is placed between the piston-float and said crosspiece with the filter element. 4. The filtering section according to claim 3, characterized in that the filtering element is made in the form of a metal mesh covered with synthetic material, mainly synthetic winterizer. 5. The filtering section according to claim 4, characterized in that the bottom of the shell is made inclined, and the supply and drain pipes are placed on the wall of the latter. 6. The filter section according to claim 5, characterized in that the piston-float is additionally equipped with a system for regulating its buoyancy. 7. The filter section according to claim 6, characterized in that the piston buoyancy control system is made in the form of weights placed outside the housing and connected to the float piston kinematically, mainly by flexible connection. 8. The filtering section according to claim 7, characterized in that the bypass nozzles of the piston-float are equipped with caps installed with a gap relative to their upper outlet section. 9. The filtering section according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston-float is equipped with a sealing sleeve located around its perimeter.