RU63371U1 - FISH PROTECTIVE COMPLEX - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to hydraulic engineering and is intended to prevent the useless death of juvenile fish at water intakes and its use in fish farming. To create conditions that impede the useless death of fish in water intakes, a forced slope of the young fish is organized by a local fish drainage stream into a protective shelter, which is made of blocks located symmetrically to the axis of the local fish drainage stream. Between the blocks, a duct is formed, which ensures the free passage and spreading of the fish outlet flow back to the water source. If it is necessary to protect juveniles of the entire species composition of the ichthyofauna of the water source, shelter blocks are made in the form of optimal fish habitats and are protected from predators by walls that are permeable only to juveniles. If low-value fish live in the water source, and it is advisable to use them as food for more valuable artificially bred fish, then shelter blocks are made in the form of cages, the walls of which are also permeable only to juveniles. Valuable predatory fish, artificially bred species are lodged in the shelter for feeding, and the young of low-value species, freely penetrating the shelter, becomes their feed.

Description

The utility model relates to hydraulic engineering and is intended to prevent the useless death of juvenile fish at water intakes and its use in fish farming.

The ingress and death of juvenile fish in water intakes is observed mainly during passive downhill migrations associated with the loss of visual orientation during the dark hours of the juvenile and the beginning of the passive slope, during which it practically does not resist the flow and is transported by it downstream to the zone water intake actions.

A fish protection device according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2219308 is known, including jet generators with nozzles, framing the water intake windows and forming a volumetric hydraulic screen in front of the water intake, intercepting the fish sliding into the water intake and forming a local flow in front of it, taking the fish away from the water intake back to the water body into the currents created by these same currents whirlpool zones. However, such a device operation scheme does not allow fish to be removed to a safe distance, i.e. does not guarantee their return to the water intake.

Known artificial reef (US patent No. 3898958), which includes a system of pipes combined into a single volumetric structure and designed for temporary shelter and create habitat for fish.

A fish protection shelter is also known (according to the RF patent for utility model No. 57758), including a permeable frame structure equipped with landmarks that attract fish.

The disadvantage of both devices is the calculation only for independent entry of fish into shelters.

The purpose of the utility model is to create conditions that prevent the useless death of fish in water intakes by organizing forced migration of young fish by a local fish outlet to protective shelters.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the fish protection complex, which includes a fish habitat and a fish protection device that forms a local fish drain, the shelter is made of blocks symmetrically located along the axis of the local fish drain, with the formation of a channel between them that allows the free passage and spread of the fish drain back to water source. The blocks of the fish habitat are protected from predators by walls that are permeable only to juveniles. Blocks can also be made in the form of cages in which valuable predatory fish, artificially bred species are fed.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where figure 1 and 2 shows a fish protection complex plan.

The fish protection complex includes a water intake window 1, equipped with jet generators 2, forming symmetrical hydraulic screens 3, which, merging together, form a volumetric hydraulic screen proper, a local fish drainage stream 4 and whirlpool zones 5. In the whirlpool zones 5, it is symmetrical to the axis of the water intake window 1 and the local fish drainage stream 4 arranged blocks permeable fish habitat 6. Blocks of refuge are located with the formation of the channel 7, providing free passage and spreading of local rybootvodyaschego flow. At night, the shelter blocks are illuminated by lamps (not conventionally shown in the drawing).

Depending on the nature of the use of the ichthyofauna of the water source, the fish habitat 6 may have a different design and purpose.

So, if it is necessary to protect juveniles of the entire species composition of the ichthyofauna of the water source, shelter blocks 6 are made in the form of optimal fish habitats and are protected from predators by walls 8 that are permeable only to juveniles (Fig. 1).

If low-value fish live in the water source, and it is advisable to use them as food for more valuable artificially bred fish, shelter blocks 6 are made in the form of cages, the walls of which 8 are also permeable only to juveniles. In the cage-refuge 6 for feeding, valuable predatory fish, artificially bred species are settled (Fig. 2).

The complex works as follows.

At night, the young fish, sliding in the runoff currents, fall into the coverage area of water intake 1. Passing through the illuminated shelter 6, it restores the ability to navigate in the stream and stops the ramp, staying in the shelter 6. If the juvenile bypasses the shelter 6, or is washed out of it , then it falls into the coverage area of the hydraulic screen 3, is intercepted by it, and in the local fish drainage stream 4 organized by it, it is diverted from intake 1. In this case, juveniles are transported by flow 4 between the illuminated blocks of the shelter 6. Recovery Having here its visual orientation, she independently leaves for shelter 6 and refrains from sloping into water intake 1.

Thus, a complex complementary protective effect is exerted on juvenile fish.

Firstly, shelters arranged in front of the water intake, intercepting and holding part of the juvenile in themselves, make it possible to smooth out the intensity of its slope to the water intake.

Secondly, the volumetric hydraulic screen protects the rolling young fish from getting into the water intake.

Thirdly, shelters accept the young taken away from a water intake, supporting optimum conditions for its habitation.

Fourthly, the volumetric hydraulic screen organizes the protection of juveniles that independently emerged or washed out of the shelter by the drainage stream into the intake, and returns it to the shelter, or the juveniles in the local fish drainage stream, bypassing the shelter, go into the reservoir outside the catchment area.

Together with the water flowing through the freely permeable shelter 6, the fodder that feeds on it feeds to the juveniles wandering in it. Flying insects attracted at night to the illuminated shelter also serve as food for juveniles 6.

If artificially kept predators of valuable species walk in shelter 6, then the young of low-value species freely entering the shelter 6 becomes their food.

Both in the first and in the second cases, fish walking in shelter 6 can be used for fishery purposes, for processing, transportation, resettlement, etc.

Claims (3)

1. Fish protection complex, including a fish habitat and a fish protection device, forming a local fish drainage stream, characterized in that the shelter is made of blocks located symmetrically to the axis of the local fish drainage flow with the formation of a channel between them that allows free passage and spreading of the fish drainage back to the water source. 2. Fish protection complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks of the fish habitat are protected from the penetration of predators by walls that are permeable only to juvenile fish. 3. Fish protection complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks of the fish habitat are made in the form of cages in which valuable carnivorous fish of artificially bred species are fed.