RU2788533C1 - Fish protection method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology, fish protection and prevention fish from entering water intakes.

SUBSTANCE: invention prevents fish from entering the water intake independently by forming a protective field with a low-intensity electromagnetic source with a shielding device consisting of grounded electrodes. A volumetric flowing fish habitat is provided along the outer contour of the safe section of the water intake zone.

EFFECT: present invention enables to prevent the fish approaching the water intake and provides the fish with comfortable feeding and safe living conditions.

21 cl, 2 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of ecology, fish protection and can be used to prevent the entry of juvenile fish into water intakes.

State of the art

Currently, fish protection structures are used for this, which are designed to prevent entry into the water intake, ensure the viability and diversion of fish to a safe place in the reservoir (SP 101.13330.2012 Retaining walls, navigation locks, fish passage and fish protection structures. Updated edition of SNiP 2.06.07-87 Amendment 1. M .: Ministry of Regional Development of Russia, 2012), that is, they should provide comfortable feeding and safe living for fish at a distance from the water intake.

To provide a repellent effect on fish in order to scare them away from the water intake, fish protection structures create protective fields of various nature.

A known method of protecting juveniles and commercial fish from falling into technical and target water intakes (patent RU 2095980, priority since 11/26/1996, IPC A01K 79/00, A01K 79/02, E02B 8/08), in which in the aquatic environment with the help of conductive electrodes create a protective electric field by applying a single electrical impulse to them, while synchronously with it, a light or orienting sound signal is supplied to the electrode coverage area.

A known method of hydrodynamic microbubble fish protection of water intakes and a device for its implementation (patent RU 2144107, priority since 10/15/1998, IPC E02B 8/08), which consists in creating a curtain in the form of an air-water microbubble mixture, the jets of which are emitted in the bottom region reservoir in front of the water intake. Obtaining an air-water microbubble curtain can be carried out by joint hydrodynamic treatment of water and air. The device contains a perforated collector and is equipped with a water pressure line connected in series and a hydrodynamic gravity mixer (GCS), made with an air intake pipe.

A device for protecting juvenile fish from entering water intakes is known (patent RU 2254413, priority since 12/19/2002, IPC E02B 8/08, E02B 9/04), which contains a volumetric filter cassette installed in the guide groove structure of the inlet window of the flooded water intake head of the water intake, consisting of a metal rectangular contour frame, in the grooves on the inner side of which filtering plastic pipes are tightly installed, made truncated along their generatrix along the secant base of the corresponding filtering plastic pipe, while the chord of the secant base of the filtering plastic pipes is equal or not equal to their outer diameter, and the dimensions metal rectangular contour frame are multiples of the named chord. Truncated plastic filter pipes can be installed in a metal rectangular contour frame in grooves on the inner side vertically or horizontally and fastened together with a waterproofing material.

The listed technical solutions have features that repel fish, which are based on the implementation of behavioral reactions to the physiological impact on fish by fields of various nature. However, they can injure juvenile fish when they come into contact with the protective screen/field and do not provide conditions that guarantee the safe habitation of fish diverted from the water intake and their repeated return to the source of danger.

A known method of acoustic displacement of fish from underwater technical objects (patent RU 2760194, priority from 08/20/2019, IPC E02B 8/08, A01K 61/00), which includes the formation, amplification and radiation under water towards the accumulation of fish of the following acoustic signals: harmonic a signal with a sharp - within units of microseconds change in frequency, a harmonic signal with a sharp - within units of microseconds - a change in level, a signal of the "white noise" type with a sharp - within units of microseconds - a change in the spectrum. The emission of all signals is carried out according to the law of random numbers. The range of all emitted signals corresponds to the maximum acoustic sensitivity range of fish displaced from underwater technical objects. In this case, the fish receive a painful effect at the level of a living cell, as well as an irritating and frightening effect, to which it is physically impossible to get used to (adapt).

EFFECT: invention ensures displacement of fish from underwater technical objects.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is a significant decrease in efficiency when it works in a low-flowing reservoir or in a reservoir, the entire flow of which passes through the water intake, even the fish repeatedly forced out of the water intake, having no landmarks and the ability to hide in a specially equipped safe place, constantly experiencing pain, gets tired and all the same, especially at night, it gets into the water intake.

A known Method for controlling the movement of fish (patent RU 2549714, priority from 01/09/2014, IPC A01K 61/00), which consists in creating a zone in the reservoir with a gradient change in the content of oxygen dissolved in water by introducing substances into this zone that reduce its content in water, while as substances that reduce the oxygen content in water, substances selected from the series are used: sodium bisulfite, sodium pyrosulfite, alkali metal sulfites, hydrolytic mash.

The technical solution, solving the problem of controlling the movement of fish, can cause irreparable environmental damage to the flora and fauna of the reservoir.

A known Method for diverting fish from water intake structures (patent RU 2354776, priority from 09.08.2007, IPC E02B 8/08), which includes the supply of water jets to the fish accumulation zone in front of the water intake front. To optimize the process of protecting fish and diverting them from the zone of direct action of hydroelectric power stations and other major sources of danger, water jets are supplied from a mobile jet generator, which is moved along the water intake front in places where fish accumulate, and with the help of water jets, a local drift current is organized in front of the mobile jet generator, in which fish are captured, held and moved from the source of danger to a safe place in the reservoir. The mobile jet generator is moved in places of accumulation of fish mainly at twilight and at night.

The technical solution is applicable only as a temporary means for the purposeful diversion of fish and can be used at water intakes that are not equipped with permanent fish protection systems.

A known Method for the selective control of fish migrations (patent RU 2633877, priority from 08/15/2016, IPC E02B 8/08), which is carried out by transporting them in the water current. At the same time, on the migration routes of fish to the source of danger, a fish-inhabited reef biotope is arranged from an extended ordered set of shield reef modules, in which a system of currents is formed that selectively transports various species of fish in directions favorable for them. The technical result of the invention is the use of shield reef modules to enable selective control of migrations of anadromous and habitation of residential fish species in the reservoir by simultaneously creating their favorable habitats and adjusting the directions of migration routes in runoff currents.

A known method of protecting juvenile fish from getting into water intake structures (application RU 95111280, priority from 06/29/1995, IPC A01K 61/00, E02B 8/08), in which a shallow reservoir is preliminarily made, the discharge channel is made in the form of a gutter, which are placed at the bottom of the storage reservoir along the reflector at the edge of the coastline, the removal of juveniles is carried out by taking the upper layer of water from the main stream using a reflector installed at an angle to the main stream, then the juveniles are accumulated in shallow areas, followed by controlled fattening and concentration using hydroacoustic stimulation.

A fish-inhabited shelter is known (patent RU 68530, priority since 07/19/2007, IPC E02B 8/08, A01K 61/00), in which conditions are created that distinguish it from the environment and are favorable for the orientation and habitation of fish in it, while the shelter is made multi-row, consisting of separate three-dimensional multi-beam elements, and the number of their rows in different parts of the reservoir is directly proportional to the intensity of fish migration through these areas.

A common drawback of the considered artificial biotopes and shelters is the possibility of independent exit of fish from them, making search and feeding movements towards the water intake.

The closest to the proposed technical solution is the Fish protection complex (patent RU 63371, priority since 12/13/2006, IPC Е02В 8/08), including a water-jet fish protection device that forms a local fish diverting current and a fish shelter made of fish cages located symmetrically to the axis of the local fish diverting currents with the formation of a channel between them, which ensures the free passage and spreading of the fish diverting current back into the water source.

The disadvantage of the Fish Protection Complex is that the water intakes are equipped only with water-jet fish protection devices, and not in front of each of them it is possible to install fish cages, and the fish cages need to be stocked and maintained. At the same time, the fish protected by the water-jet fish protection device along the channel between the cages can be taken out by the fish-diverting current into the reservoir and in the intake current again and repeatedly return to the dangerous water intake zone. As a result, the probability of its getting into the water intake increases.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The technical result of the claimed invention is to prevent the possibility of fish approaching the water intake from the reservoir and provide them with comfortable food and safe conditions for long-term living.

The technical result is achieved by using a method for protecting fish, preventing independent entry into the water intake of fish, forming a protective field with a source of electromagnetic nature of low intensity, with a shielding device consisting of grounded electrodes, while, along the outer contour of the safe section of the water intake zone, a volumetric flowing fish habitat is installed refuge.

The fish-inhabited shelter is equipped with sources of illumination and an attracting signal. In this case, an attracting signal of an acoustic, chemical or trophic nature is used.

The fish-inhabited shelter and the sources that form the protective field, the light sources and the attracting signal are mobile, with the possibility of moving to safe areas of the reservoir. They ensure the operation of sources that form a protective field, lighting and an attracting signal in the "traveling wave" mode. From the theory of wave motion (www.evkova.org), a traveling wave is a wave that carries energy in space, for example, signals that scare, orient or attract fish. Form an additional protective field. The additional protective field is formed by a source of a mechanical nature, while it includes a screen, which is made as a screen, screen, mesh, louvered, coarsely perforated, finely perforated or filtering.

An additional protective field is formed by a source of hydraulic, pneumatic, acoustic, light, vibration, thermal nature.

Brief description of the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a fish protection complex with a protective field and a flowing fish shelter.

In FIG. 1 adopted the following designations:

1. Water intake;

2. Protective field;

3. Water intake zone;

4. Fish shelter;

5. Shielding device;

6. Light source;

7. Source of an attractive signal.

In FIG. 2 shows a natural illustration of a fragment of a fish shelter.

Implementation of the invention

The fish protection method includes a water intake 1 (Fig. 1) equipped with a source forming a protective field 2 (Fig. 1). Along the outer contour of the safe section of the water intake zone (current) 3 (Fig. 1), where the influence of the water intake 1 (Fig. 1) and the action of the protective field 2 (Fig. 1) do not exceed the values \u200b\u200bdangerous to fish, a volumetric flow-through fish shelter is installed (landmark -shelter) 4 (Fig. 1), which is equipped with a set of large-sized elements that ensure the development of the bottom relief into the water column, and small-sized imitators of aquatic vegetation and small forms of the underwater landscape, commensurate with the fish living in it.

The created protective field 2 (Fig. 1) and its effect on fish can be mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electromagnetic, acoustic, thermal, vibrational, biological, light or any other nature. In this case, the action of the electromagnetic field on the fish shelter 4 (Fig. 1) from the water intake side is neutralized by a shielding device 5 (Fig. 1), which is performed, for example, from grounded electrodes.

Protective field 2 (Fig. 1) has a deterrent effect on fish and can be formed both by a stationary and a mobile source. In this case, the protective field 2 (Fig. 1) can be formed from several protective fields 2 (Fig. 1) with sources of various nature.

The protective field 2 (Fig. 1), for example, hydraulic, can spread along the mechanical protective field 2 (Fig. 1), which includes a screen, which can be a deaf enclosing, coarsely or finely perforated, louvered, mesh, filtering, etc. (in Fig. 1 conditionally not shown).

Fish shelter 4 (Fig. 1) or its individual fragments can be moved to safe areas of the reservoir.

Fish-inhabited shelter 4 (Fig. 1) can be equipped with light sources 6 (Fig. 1) and an attracting signal 7 (Fig. 1), the latter being of an acoustic, chemical, trophic or other nature. Light sources 6 (Fig. 1) and attracting signal 7 (Fig. 1) can also be mobile. In addition, the sources of creating a protective field 2 (Fig. 1), light 6 (Fig. 1) and attracting signal 7 (Fig. 1) can operate in the "traveling wave" mode.

The claimed invention works as follows.

In the daytime, fish live in a reservoir, limited from the dangerous zone of influence of water intake 1 (Fig. 1) by a flowing volumetric fish shelter 4 (Fig. 1).

At night, fish, losing their visual orientation, can get into the water intake zone 3 (Fig. 1) and begin to slide towards the water intake 1 (Fig. 1). Passing through the illuminated fish shelter 4 (Fig. 1), the fish restore the ability to navigate in the stream, stop the slope into the water intake 1 (Fig. 1) and remain in the fish shelter 4 (Fig. 1), focusing on a combination of various large- and small-sized landmarks . Choosing from them the landmarks that are most suitable for living at the moment, the fish use them as shelters to keep from the stingray. In FIG. Figure 2 shows the long-term habitation of fish in the shelter both near large flat surfaces, which ensure the development of the bottom relief into the water column, and near small rod imitators of aquatic vegetation, commensurate with the fish living in it. Keeping fish in shelter 4 (Fig. 1) is also facilitated by the supply of an attracting signal 7 (Fig. 1), for example, acoustic, as well as attracting flying insects to the light source 6 (Fig. 1), serving as food for fish.

If the fish nevertheless pass through the shelter 4 (Fig. 1) towards the water intake 1 (Fig. 1), for example, making feeding migrations, then they begin to experience the action of the protective field 2 (Fig. 1), which has a deterrent effect, and independently return back to comfortable living conditions in shelter 4 (Fig. 1).

At the same time, the placement of the fish shelter 4 (Fig. 1) precisely at the intersection of zones where the influence of water intake 1 (Fig. 1) and the action of the protective field 2 (Fig. 1) do not exceed values dangerous for fish is explained as follows:

- if this condition is not met, for example, shelter 4 (Fig. 1) will be removed from the protective field 2 (Fig. 1) at a much greater distance, i.e. into a zone where the influence of the protective field 2 (Fig. 1) is practically absent, then the fish frightened by it in the absence of an illuminated fish shelter 4 (Fig. 1) will not be able to restore orientation and take refuge in it. Not being oriented in space, the fish will be forced to live in the dangerous water intake zone 3 (Fig. 1) for a long time, which will inevitably lead to its slope and return to the protective field 2 (Fig. 1). After a series of contacts with the protective field 2 (Fig. 1), the fish will get tired, lose the ability to move away from the protective field 2 (Fig. 1) and roll into the intake 1 (Fig. 1). Timely provision of the fish with the opportunity to orient themselves and take refuge in shelter 4 (Fig. 1) allows it to quickly escape from danger.

In the case of using a protective field 2 (Fig. 1) with an electromagnetic source, the safe living conditions of the fish in the shelter 4 (Fig. 1) are not violated, since the harmful effect of the electromagnetic field on it is neutralized by the shielding device 5 (Fig. 1).

With the exception of the electromagnetic protective field 2 (Fig. 1), the use of other protective fields 2 (Fig. 1) does not have a significant negative impact on the fish in the shelter 4 (Fig. 1).

On the contrary, when using a protective field 2 (Fig. 1) with pneumatic or hydraulic sources in the shelter 4 (Fig. 1), an optimal hydraulic regime for living and feeding fish is formed, which ensures the return to the shelter 4 (Fig. 1) not only of fish, but and food organisms drifting in the water intake and then in the reverse fish diversion currents. In addition, the pneumatic protective field 2 (Fig. 1) is an aerator that improves the oxygen regime in the shelter 4 (Fig. 1). As a result, favorable conditions for a comfortable and safe habitat and productive feeding of fish in shelter 4 (Fig. 1) are significantly improved.

In addition to providing the possibility of using the protective field 2 (Fig. 1) with a single source, the protective field can be created using several sources of different nature. Thus, for example, the action of a protective field with a hydraulic source can be enhanced by a pneumatic source with an increased deterrent effect on fish by acoustic or vibration signals, etc. In addition, to improve the efficiency of the invention, the protective field 2 (Fig. 1), for example, of a hydraulic or pneumatic nature, can be distributed along the protective field of a mechanical nature 2 (Fig. 1), equipped with a screen, which can be fencing, mesh, louvre, coarsely perforated, finely perforated or filtering.

Protective field 2 (Fig. 1) with an electromagnetic source can be used to prevent independent entry into the water intake 1 (Fig. 1) of large fish. In this case, an electromagnetic field of low intensity is used, which is less dangerous for fish and is neutralized by the shielding device 5 (Fig. 1).

The possibility of creating a protective field 2 (Fig. 1) with a mobile source can be used to periodically remove fish from the water intake zone 3 (Fig. 1) to remote safe areas of the reservoir.

In addition to using a mobile source of protective field 2 (Fig. 1), mobile light sources 6 (Fig. 1) and an attracting signal 7 (Fig. 1) can also be used to move fish to a safe place in the reservoir, as well as, directly, a mobile fish shelter 4 (Fig. 1) or its individual fragments, also equipped with light sources 6 (Fig. 1) and attracting signal 7 (Fig. 1).

In addition, to remove fish from the water intake zone 3 (Fig. 1) to a safe place in the reservoir, an extended set of sources of protective field 2 (Fig. 1), light 6 (Fig. 1) and an attracting signal 7 (Fig. 1) laid between them can be used. . 1) operating in the "traveling wave" mode.

Thus, the combination of various protective fields 2 (Fig. 1), fish shelter 4 (Fig. 1), light sources 6 (Fig. 1) and attracting signal 7 (Fig. 1), operating in various modes that are optimal for controlling behavior fish at the current moment, has a complex complementary effect on fish, aimed at preventing them from entering the water intake 1 (Fig. 1) for the following reasons:

Firstly, a flow-through fish shelter 4 (Fig. 1) arranged in front of water intake 1 (Fig. 1), intercepting and keeping fish in comfortable living conditions, makes it possible to smooth out the intensity of their flow to water intake 1 (Fig. 1).

Secondly, protective fields 2 (Fig. 1), each individually or in combination, prevent the exit of fish from shelter 4 (Fig. 1) to water intake 1 (Fig. 1)

Thirdly, the shelter 4 (Fig. 1) accepts and holds the returned fish, which, being in comfortable living conditions, does not experience the harmful effects of, for example, an electromagnetic field, and, at the same time, is intensively supplied with oxygen and drifting on the reservoir for food. This allows us to consider shelter 4 (Fig. 1) as a safe, self-sufficient, highly productive place for comfortable living and feeding of fish with favorable hydraulic, oxygen, and food regimes.

Fourthly, the use of a mobile shelter 4 (Fig. 1) and mobile or working in the "traveling wave" protective field 2 (Fig. 1), as well as light sources 6 (Fig. 1) and an attracting signal 7 (Fig. 1 ) allows, if necessary, to divert protected fish to safe areas of the reservoir remote from the water intake 1 (Fig. 1).

Claims (21)

1. A method for protecting fish, characterized in that they prevent independent entry into the water intake of fish by forming a protective field with a source of electromagnetic nature of low intensity with a shielding device consisting of grounded electrodes, while along the outer contour of the safe section of the water intake zone, a volumetric flow-through fish shelter is installed. 2. A method for protecting fish according to claim 1, characterized in that the fish shelter is equipped with a light source. 3. A method for protecting fish according to claim 1, characterized in that the fish shelter is equipped with an attracting signal source. 4. The method of protecting fish according to claim 3, characterized in that the source of the attracting signal gives a signal of an acoustic nature. 5. The method of protecting fish according to claim 3, characterized in that the source of the attracting signal gives a signal of a chemical nature. 6. The method of protecting fish according to claim 3, characterized in that the source of the attracting signal gives a signal of a trophic nature. 7. Method for protecting fish according to any one of paragraphs. 3-6, characterized in that the fish shelter and the sources that form the protective field, the light sources and the attracting signal are mobile. 8. Method for protecting fish according to any one of paragraphs. 3-7, characterized in that they ensure the operation of sources that form a protective field, lighting and an attracting signal in the "traveling wave" mode. 9. A method for protecting fish according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional protective field is formed. 10. A method for protecting fish according to claim 9, characterized in that an additional protective field is formed by a source of a mechanical nature. 11. A method for protecting fish according to claim 10, characterized in that the additional protective field with a source of a mechanical nature includes a screen. 12. A method for protecting fish according to claim 11, characterized in that the screen is meshed. 13. A method for protecting fish according to claim 11, characterized in that the screen is made of louvres. 14. A method for protecting fish according to claim 11, characterized in that the screen is perforated. 15. A method for protecting fish according to claim 11, characterized in that the screen is filtered. 16. A method for protecting fish according to claim 9, characterized in that an additional protective field is formed by a source of a hydraulic nature. 17. A method for protecting fish according to claim 9, characterized in that an additional protective field is formed by a source of a pneumatic nature. 18. A method for protecting fish according to claim 9, characterized in that an additional protective field is formed by an acoustic source. 19. A method for protecting fish according to claim 9, characterized in that an additional protective field is formed by a light source. 20. A method for protecting fish according to claim 9, characterized in that an additional protective field is formed by a source of a vibrational nature. 21. A method for protecting fish according to claim 9, characterized in that an additional protective field is formed by a source of a thermal nature.

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