RU62475U1 - DEVICE FOR ADVERTISING ON THE RAILWAY - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to means for advertising and is intended to attract the attention of potential buyers and users of services to products of manufacturers, to manufacturers of these products and organizations serving the population, and can be used mainly on a rail to communicate various types of advertising information.

The technical result consists in creating a device for advertising a simple reliable design with a large usable area for posting an information message that is effective both in underground railway tunnels and on surface rail roads at any time of the day, as well as in eliminating the negative impact on the well-being and health of passengers .

A device for advertising on a rail road contains advertising modules installed in a row with the same pitch (along the rail sheet), each of which contains means for placing an information message, in particular, a panel to which the said means are attached, surfaces of means on which information messages, all advertising modules are parallel to each other and facing one side, on the opposite side of the panel in each advertising module, except the first, a mirror is installed to reflect information On the contrary, each advertising module can be equipped with means for restricting the observer's view within the information message reflected by the mirror. The advertising module may include a light source directed to the surface of the means for placing an information message. The mirror for reflecting the information message of the advertising module may be mounted in a frame and it may have a concave shape. If necessary, an advertising module or a group of advertising modules can be made with a protective box.

Description

The utility model relates to means for advertising and is intended to attract the attention of potential buyers and users of services to products of manufacturers, to manufacturers of these products and organizations serving the population, and can be used mainly on a rail to communicate various types of advertising information.

A device for advertising is known in which, to simulate the dynamism of an advertising image, fragments of information images are placed on media along a transport highway. An advertising image is represented as a sequence of instantaneous informational images of a dynamic process (frames) deposited on the surface of panels, the illumination of which is carried out by moving the light flux at the speed of the observer, while the light source is located on the side of the observer and by choosing the distance from the observer to the panel no more than three frames fall into the observer’s field of view. This technical solution allows to increase the exposure time of the advertising image on the observer (see RU 94018564, G 01 F 19/22, 04/20/96). The known device has a relatively complex structure, which should include a light source, and a means of ensuring its movement with the speed of the observer, which may not be known in advance. Those. additional tools are needed to allow the movement of the light flux synchronously with the movement (movement) of the observer.

As a prototype adopted a device for advertising, intended for use on highways, in particular in railway tunnels. The ability to create dynamic advertising for vehicles, including in tunnels, is achieved due to the fact that a light-advertising device containing series-connected movement detection sensors, a response circuit and an information panel

with a light source, a diffuser and a transparency, made of N blocks, where N corresponds to the duration of the information message, and the blocks are arranged with a spatial frequency L not exceeding the product of the average vehicle speed and eye relaxation time, the length of the information panel does not exceed the spatial frequency of the blocks, and the distance between the sensor and the information panel does not exceed a unit length of the vehicle, in addition, the light source is selected as pulsed. The modular implementation of advertising panels ensures the universality of the entire device (see RU 94022324, G 09 F 19/22, 04/27/96).

The known device for advertising allows you to provide the presentation of advertising information to a large number of passengers using rail. However, the advertising device has a relatively complex structure, usually located in railway tunnels, which reduces its effectiveness and limits the number of people who can perceive this advertising information. The device allows placement on the fences of the right-of-way railroad right of way, however, it can only function effectively in the dark. In addition to the above, pulsed light sources have an extremely negative impact on the well-being and health of passengers, even those who do not directly look at the panels of the advertising device.

The technical result consists in eliminating these drawbacks, namely: in creating a device for advertising a simple reliable design with a large usable area for placing an information message that is effective both in underground railway tunnels and on ground rail roads at any time of the day, as well as in elimination of the negative impact on the well-being and health of passengers.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a device for advertising on a railroad track containing advertising modules arranged in a row with the same pitch, the surfaces of the means for placing an information message of all advertising modules are parallel to each other and face the information message in one direction, on the opposite side

Each advertising module, except the first, has a mirror to reflect the information message of the advertising module, located opposite.

The advertising module may be provided with means for restricting the observer's view within the informational message reflected by the mirror.

The advertising module may include a light source directed to the surface of the means for placing an information message.

The mirror for reflecting the information message of the advertising module can be mounted in a frame.

The mirror for reflecting the information message of the advertising module may have a concave shape.

An advertising module or a group of advertising modules may be implemented with a protective box.

The drawing (Fig. 1) shows a schematic illustration of a device for advertising on a rail road. Figures 2 and 3 show examples of the location in the advertising module of means for placing informational messages and means for restricting the observer's view. Fig. 4 schematically shows a device for advertising on a rail road in which mirrors having a concave shape are used. Fig. 5, 6 and 7 explain the principle of creating dynamic advertising.

A device for advertising on a rail road contains advertising modules installed in a row with the same pitch (along the web 1 of the rail road), each of which contains means 4 for placing an information message, fixed, for example, on panel 2, the surface of means 4, on which information messages, all advertising modules are parallel to each other and facing one side, on the opposite side of the panel 2 in each advertising module, except the first, a mirror 3 is installed to reflect the information message p advertising module located opposite. The advertising module may be provided with means 8 for restricting the observer's view within the information message reflected by the mirror.

Panels 2, mounted in a row along the rail track 1, are fixed vertically, one side edge of each panel 2 is directed to the rail 1, in the particular case, the panels 2 are perpendicular to the rail 1 (Fig. 1). On

the surfaces of the means 4 for placing an informational message are placed (deposited) images representing successive frames of a cinematic plot. On the opposite side (facing the approaching trains) on the panel 2 of each advertising module, except the first, a mirror 3 is installed to reflect the information message of the advertising module, located opposite. Mirror 3, if possible, is fixed closer to the roadbed.

The width of the panels 2 and mirrors 3, as well as the width and location and means 4 for placing the information message are selected so that from the window of the passing train the observer can see in the mirrors the reflections of information messages placed on the surfaces of the means 4, and a sufficiently fast train creates a stroboscopic effect, and due to the quick and clear change of images, train passengers can see a movie plot embedded in a sequence of frames with good quality.

It is desirable that in the mirrors 3 the observer does not see other distracting objects other than images placed on the surfaces of the means 4. For this, it is necessary to close the openings between the panels 2 from the side opposite to the railroad track with additional partitions, as well as all surfaces of the panels and partitions visible in the mirror should be plain and soft color (if necessary, paint may be applied to them). The need for additional partitions disappears if you use the wall of the tunnel or the fencing of ROW 5 to fix the above panels on them. In addition, in this case, the installation and alignment of the panels is simplified.

For operation of the device in tunnels or at night, light sources 6 are located between the partitions and directed to the surface of means 4 for placing an information message. The light sources 6 can be made with protective opaque housings or screens so that their light neither directly nor reflected in the mirror enters the gas to the observers.

To facilitate installation, to protect mirrors from dust and dirt, as well as to protect against vandalism, an advertising module or a group of advertising modules can be made with a protective box having a glazed

wall (not shown in the drawings). In each protective box several sections (groups of advertising modules) with the corresponding number of panels, mirrors, means for placing an information message and directional light sources can be placed. To represent a film fragment of arbitrary duration, the required number of boxes are installed one after the other along the rail.

In order for the passenger’s line of sight to fall onto the image at a right angle, an additional panel 7 is used in the advertising module, which is installed at an angle to the panel 2, perpendicular to the incident line of sight of the observer. This design at the same time allows for additional fastening of the panel 2 to the supporting wall 5 (tunnel wall or fencing of the right-of-way), which makes the design of the device more rigid and durable.

In order for the observer’s gaze not to be distracted directly by the images placed on the surfaces of the means 4, the advertising module is equipped with means for restricting the observer's view within the information message reflected by the mirror. In particular, in the advertising module, an additional vertical panel 8 is attached to each panel 2 (Fig. 2). Or, each panel 7 with means 4 for placing an information message is installed perpendicular to the railroad track, between adjacent panels 2, at a certain distance from the latter (Fig. 3). In this case, the additional panel 8 is attached with one side edge to the surface of the panel 2, and one of its sides to the edge of the panel 7. Then, the protruding part of the additional panel 8 limits the view of the observer within the information message reflected by the mirror, i.e. excludes the possibility of direct observation of the image deposited on the surface of the tool 4.

In the structures shown in Figs. 2 and 3, there are closed loops formed by panels 2, 7 and 8, inside which light sources 6 can be arranged without special covers. The means for placing an informational message in this case is made of light-transmitting material.

The use of concave mirrors 9 (Fig. 4) can significantly increase the efficiency of the device. First, the angular width of the visible reflected image increases several times (with the dimensions of the device unchanged). Secondly, the quality of stroboscopy is significantly improved, since when the observer moves along the device, there is a clearer change of images, and there is practically no “dead zone" (the previous image has left the field of view, and the next is not yet visible), which is typical for the design with flat mirrors. These qualities allow several times to reduce the level of illumination of images due to the lack of a "dead zone", and also because concave mirrors concentrate on the observers the light coming from the means 4 for placing information messages. The surface area of the means 4 for placing information messages can be made several times smaller, since concave mirrors increase the reflected image. With a sufficiently strong mirror 9, it can be directly mounted in a rigid frame.

Mirrors 9 can be of two types:

- with a surface of double (elliptical) curvature (for example, part of a sphere or paraboloid of revolution, as in mirrors of searchlights or reflecting telescopes);

- with a cylindrical surface (not necessarily a cylinder of revolution, because by definition a cylindrical surface is formed by many parallel lines drawn through an arbitrary curve). A mirror of this type can be obtained by simply bending a flat, sufficiently flexible sheet with a mirror surface or with the subsequent application of a mirror layer.

The second type of concave mirrors enlarges the image in only one direction, for example, in breadth (with a vertical arrangement of straight-forming surfaces). Therefore, when using cylindrical mirrors, the original image must be subjected to proportional (affine) compression before printing on the media.

Since the concave mirror 9 concentrates the observer’s gaze on a narrow vertical strip 10 on the back of the previous mirror, when performing means 4 for placing an information message in several

times wider than the strip 10, it is possible to ensure immediately the appearance of the entire image placed on the surface of the tool 4, entirely in several adjacent mirrors 9, thereby increasing the apparent angular width of the image by a corresponding number of times.

This also means that you can use mirrors 9 several times narrower, but at the same time maintaining the visible angular width of the image.

The effectiveness of the proposed device is illustrated below by the calculations of the elements of the device, which provides a good stroboscopic effect. To do this, using the simplest strobe as an example (Fig. 5), we first examined what conditions should be met.

In the known stroboscope device opposite the eye of the observer 11 there are two plates 12 and 13 located parallel to each other and moving synchronously with speed V past the observer (usually the plates are made in the form of disks or in the form of concentric tape rings, but this is not important in this calculation, and it can be assumed that the plates are flat, straight and long enough).

In the plate 12, located immediately in front of the observer, there are transverse slots 14 of width s, and on the plate 13 opposite each slit there are images 15 on which successive phases (frames) of a certain plot are captured. All slots 14, and, accordingly, images 15 are located with equal pitch h.

With a sufficiently fast and synchronous movement of the plates, the observer sees a “revived” plot. This effect is achieved by the fact that due to the presence of a plate with slits, the observer’s eyes see not only a continuous stream of pictures, but each picture separately: a narrow slit allows you to see the image only in a very short period of time, during which the image manages to advance only the width of the slit, and therefore the observer perceives it almost as motionless. For the rest of the time, when one slit has already passed by the eye of the observer, and the next has not yet come close, the retina stores the last image seen. And with a fairly frequent alternation of cracks, the impression of a continuous change of images is created - the “revived” plot.

We define the conditions under which the impression of a “revived” image is quite clear, i.e. provides a good stroboscopic effect.

The first condition: a fairly fast change rate of images. With a sharp change of one image by another, the retina of the eye retains the visibility of the previous image for approximately 0.1 seconds (with a natural level of illumination and average contrast of images). Therefore, so that the change of images is not felt, but perceived together, as if without interruption, its minimum frequency should be about 10 images per second. In cinema, a frame rate of 25 frames per second is adopted, which gives a very good perception for all people and does not tire the eyes even with prolonged viewing.

However, in the device in question, an increase in the frequency of changing images will lead to an increase in their number, and, accordingly, the dimensions of the device. Given that the duration of the plot is very small (no more than a few seconds), the frequency can be taken equal to 10..15 images per second.

Second condition: clarity of image perception: each of them should be perceived by the observer almost as motionless. This is achieved by a sufficiently narrow gap 14 and the proximity of the observer's eye to the plate 12. The narrower the gap, the shorter the time interval for observing the image, and accordingly, its shift is less noticeable. For the image to be perceived as completely still, the width of the slit should tend to zero. However, this is practically impossible, because, firstly, than the gap already, there less amount of light from the image will reach the eye of the observer, and therefore the image will appear dim. Secondly, with a very narrow gap, the diameter of the eye pupil will become crucial.

It is practically recommended that the slit width s be commensurate with the size of the smallest image details.

The brightness of the image perception is determined by the value s / h - the ratio of the slit width s to the step of their location h. This value shows how much light from the image reaches the eye of the observer. The inverse h / s ratio shows how many times it is necessary to increase the brightness of lighting compared to the natural level so that the observer sees the image as naturally lit.

Since each image has a width of no more than h, the value of s / h should also be approximately equal to the ratio of the smallest details of the image to its width. Therefore, the quality of images largely determines, if not primarily, the choice of slit width s.

However, the main quality of the “animated” image is movement, and not the presence of small details, which, due to the brevity of the plot, the observer will not even have time to perceive. Therefore, the ratio s / h is quite acceptable to establish in the interval:

To improve the quality of the stroboscopic effect, the surface of the plate 12 facing the observer should be black. Otherwise, the visible useful image becomes cloudy, non-contrast, since the observation of images 15 is “diluted” by observing the portion of the plate 12 between the two slots 14. The duration of this “dead zone” is h / s times longer than the useful phase of contemplation of the image, and therefore the eye receives from the plate h / s times the reflected light (if it is not blackened).

As noted above, the clarity of image perception also depends on the proximity of the observer's eye to the plate 12, i.e. from a / b - the ratio of the distance "a" from the eye of the observer 11 to the plate 12 to the distance "b" between the plates 12 and 13. It is desirable that the ratio

,

i.e., so that the observer at the moment of finding the gap opposite his eye can see one whole image. Therefore, the recommended observation distance

You can practically look into the strobe from a slightly greater distance:

.

In this case, not all the image is visible at the same time, but only a certain part of it - a strip with a width of 1 / 2..1 / 5h, respectively. However, since the plates move, the observer will be able to see the entire image "in parts" - his eye slit will open sequentially all segments of the image. And thanks to the high speed of the plates, the observer will have the full impression that he sees the whole image at the same time.

A further move aside the observer from the strobe, ie, increase the distance "a" will lead to the fact that full-time interval of observation Δt _nab image increase. When observed “close”, i.e. at

(the ratio is approximately, since it is impossible to clearly trace this interval because of the final pupil diameter), and as the distance a increases, the image will be observed fragmentarily noticeably longer (Fig. 6).

Fig. 6 (a, b) shows the observation of the same image 15 at two points in time:

a) t = t _beg - when the eye begins to see the image - its lower strip. At this moment, the gap has not yet reached the axis of the observer's gaze at the distance w / 2. From the ratios of the triangles formed by the line of sight through the gap, the axis of view and the planes of the plates, we find:

b) t = t _con - the moment when the eye finishes observing the image, or rather, its upper band. At this moment, the gap has already passed beyond the axis of the observer's gaze also to the distance w / 2.

Thus, for the entire time that the observer fragmentarily saw the image, it moved a distance

Image observation time interval was

.

As a result, with a sufficiently large a / b ratio, the image will be seen as stretched in the direction of movement of the plates. You can calculate how many times, for this we denote the apparent width of the image as h _view :

,

.

Obviously, the minimum distortion will be at :

,

.

However, if in advance, even approximately, the location of the observer is known, i.e. value a, then the visible stretching of the pictures can

compensate by appropriate compression of the original images (width h _ref ) to width h before printing and positioning in the strobe:

We now apply the above calculation to justify the effectiveness of the proposed device, for example, the variant in Fig. 2.

The step h of the arrangement of panels 2 is determined based on the first condition - a sufficient frequency of image changes. Suppose that in a certain section all passing trains move uniformly and approximately at the same speed. Such conditions exist quite often, since the speed of trains in certain sections is established normatively.

We choose a moderate speed of 60 km / h. Then high speeds will satisfy the above calculations in advance:

.

Choosing a step between panels 2

get the image rate , that is, quite acceptable for a high-quality perception. Considering that, for example, speeds of 80..120 km / h are more real for suburban electric trains, then for the corresponding sections we get a frequency of f = 16..24 units / s, which means an even better stroboscopic effect. Or you can increase the step between the panels 2, and, accordingly, the size of the images 4.

The width h _{p of} panels 2 is taken for simplicity equal to h:

.

We set the width of the panels 7 with images 4 to be half that of h:

.

The second condition - the clarity of perception of images - gives the calculation width h _of the mirror 3. The mirror 3 in this device is similar slot 14 in the construction of simple strobe: it allows to see only the image for a short time interval. But, in addition, it provides the visibility of the image not just strictly perpendicular to the train, but at a certain angle from the train's course, which is much more acceptable when the seats in the cars are located forward and backward.

As the train moves, during the observation of one total image 4, the direction of view of the mirror 3 changes within certain limits - from the moment when the image only appeared in the mirror to the moment when it leaves the zone of visibility in the mirror. Let α denote the average angle between the axis of view of the mirror and the direction of train movement. Then the angle of incidence and reflection of the line of sight from the mirror in the middle position is also equal to α (if the main panels of the device are perpendicular to the roadbed). At this moment, the central part of the image is reflected in the mirror, so it is reasonable to fix it so that the line of sight falls on it at right angles, i.e. the image panel and the main panel also formed an angle α.

In this position, the mirror 3 of width h _s performs the same function as a slot of width s:

.

Tangential, i.e. the apparent speed of the mirror relative to the observer

.

During the time during which the train with the observer travels the distance h, the mirror he observes makes a visible movement (i.e., movement in the direction of the tangential velocity vector)

.

We apply the relation (*), assuming that the viewer is observing some equivalent strobe with slits wide located with a step h _τ :

;

;

.

We set α = 45 °, tgα = 1. Then

;

.

Depending on the quality of the images and the possibility of their lighting, the width of the mirrors can be selected in the range

.

To calculate a device with concave mirrors, it is convenient to first consider a stroboscope, similar to the simplest one, in which lenses are used instead of slots (Fig. 7). This stroboscope also consists of two parallel plates 12 and 13, moving past the eyes of the observer 11, however, due to the fact that instead of slits in the plate 12, lenses 16 are installed, the observer does not perceive the images 15 themselves, but some imaginary images 17 on the imaginary plate eighteen.

Since each image 15 is fixed relative to the lens 16 mounted opposite it, the imaginary image 17 when viewed through the lens 16 appears as fixed relative to the lens, therefore, the speed of the imaginary plate 18 coincides with the speed of the plates 12 and 13:

.

In practice, there is an apparent difference in these speeds, however, this is due to the fact that the distance b 'from the lens 16 to the imaginary image 17 is greater than the distance b from the lens to the actual image 15:

.

It is possible to optimally use the optical power of the lenses 16 if you place them from the images 15 at a distance slightly less than the focal length of the lenses 16, but approaching it:

.

Then the image will be perceived as enlarged to the maximum number of times for a given lens without compromising sharpness. For some chosen distance a + b from the observer’s eye 11 to the images 15, the coefficient of the increase in the angular size of the image is called the magnification of the increase k:

.

When approaching the size b to the focal length of the lens f, according to the laws of optics, the distance to the imaginary image b 'also increases, tending to infinity, the same thing happens with the size of the visible image h' _from :

But at the same time proportionality relations are preserved:

.

With these parameters of the device, we get that it is equivalent to some simple strobe with slots (Fig. 5), in which the width of the slots 14 is equal to the diameter d of the lenses 16, the distance between the plates 12 and 13 is equal to the distance b 'from the lens 16 to the imaginary image 17, and the width of the image 15 is equal to the width h ' _{of the} imaginary image 17.

The main requirement for the quality of stroboscopy (*) now looks like this:

.

But the width h ' _{from the} imaginary image can be made arbitrarily large by adjusting the size b, and therefore the diameter d of the lenses 16 is also unlimited - in practice it can also be arbitrarily large up to the value h - the pitch of the lenses.

This property of a strobe with lenses allows you to completely eliminate the "dead zone" of contemplation of the plate 12: as soon as one lens 16 leaves the field of view of the eye 11, the next one enters it. The observer sees the change of one image to another, almost not feeling their translational motion: the images appear motionless like large distant objects.

In addition, the use of lenses can significantly increase the recommended distance of the _rivers from which you can look into the strobe without observing image distortion. As described above, in a stroboscope with slits with increasing distance a viewer sees the expansion of images in the direction of movement of the plates:

.

For a strobe with lenses, this ratio is written as:

.

But since the value of b 'can be made arbitrarily large by an appropriate selection of size b, these distortions can be completely eliminated.

Let us establish the correspondence between the stroboscope model with lenses (Fig. 7) and the advertising device with concave mirrors (Fig. 4). To do this, we mentally perform the following transformations.

In the stroboscope in Fig. 7, we replace the lenses 16 with concave mirrors of the same optical power, and place the images 15 not behind the plate 12, but in front of it also at a distance b, but turning them facing the mirrors. Further, each image must be shifted to the side so that they do not obscure the mirrors from the observer's gaze. For example, move the images slightly down the drawing. Now it is required to turn each mirror with the reflecting side a little down, so that the observer can see in each of them a reflection of the corresponding image.

In the resulting design, it remains only to select the size of the images, the sizes and concavity of the mirrors, as well as the optimal angle of view so that the image visible in the mirror is placed on the back of the previous mirror. And we get a device accurate to the elements and their relative position coinciding with the device in Fig. 4.

To demonstrate the analogy, Fig. 4 also presents an imaginary image 17, which is a reflection of image 4, more precisely, its strip 10. The curvature of the mirrors, that is, their optical power, is selected so that the focal plane of each mirror approximately coincides with the plane placed in front of it Images. This maximizes the distance b 'from the mirror to the imaginary image 17, as well as its width h' _from . Theoretically, these sizes increase indefinitely, that is, before the beginning of the divergence of the rays, and practically - until the loss of sharpness. This choice provides the device with all the advantages characteristic of a strobe with lenses:

- a feeling of complete stillness of the current image, despite the movement of the observer along the device. This gives good quality stroboscopy and the ability to use images with fine details;

- the ability to produce mirrors of large width (relative to the pitch of the arrangement of the mirrors) and this completely eliminate the "dead zone", and accordingly the "flicker" and loss of light;

- the ability to monitor the device from a large distance without image distortion (stretching in breadth).

Claims (6)

1. A device for advertising on a railroad track, comprising advertising modules arranged in a row with the same pitch, characterized in that the surfaces of the means for placing an information message of all advertising modules are parallel to each other and face one way, on the opposite side, in each advertising module, except first, a mirror is installed to reflect the information message of the advertising module, located opposite. 2. A device for advertising on a rail road according to claim 1, characterized in that the advertising module is made with means for restricting the observer's view within the information message reflected by the mirror. 3. A device for advertising on a rail road according to claim 1, characterized in that the advertising module contains a light source directed to the surface of the means for placing an information message. 4. The device for advertising on a rail road according to claim 1, characterized in that the mirror for reflecting the information message of the advertising module is installed in the frame. 5. A device for advertising on a rail road according to claim 1, characterized in that the mirror for reflecting the information message of the advertising module has a concave shape. 6. A device for advertising on a rail road according to claim 1, characterized in that the advertising module or group of advertising modules is made with a protective box.